DIAGNOSTICS EXAM

ANSWERS10TH GRADE

1. Fill in the blanks

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

• Pro = earlier than • kernel ( true nucleus)

o Eukaryotic = trueo kernel ( true

nucleus)

The plasma membrane is composed

mostly of • Phospholipids and Proteins

• Phospholipids form a bilayer in wich the hydrophillic phosphate heads are exposed to the aqueous external environment and shielding the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails in the interior of the membrane.

• Proteins are present in the membranes in the form of intrinsic or extrinsic proteins which function as ion channels, carrier proteins, enzymes, among other functions

Cell membrane-plasma mebrane-

cytoplasm membranePhospholipids form a bilayer in wich the hydrophillic phosphate heads are exposed to the aqueous external environment and shielding the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails in the interior of the membrane. Proteins are present in the membranes in the form of intrinsic or extrinsic proteins which function as ion channels, carrier proteins, enzymes, among other functions

In eukaryotic cells respiration occurs in the

In the Mitochondria (and in the cytoplasm)Glucolisis in the cytoplasm, the product obteined

is transported to the mitocondrial matrix, and finally

the respiration chain takes place on the intern wall of the mitochondria

The principal objective of respiration is obteining chemical energy through the

elaboration of ATP on the basis of glucose.

Respiration is the process to manufacture ATP using oxygen and giving Dioxid Carbon

The passive transport of water across

a selectively permeable membrane is

called

• lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can break down macromolecules

such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

2. Write the definitions or concepts.

Cell• An biological unit of all organisms• An autonomous self-replicating unit that

may exist as functional independent unit of life (as in the case of unicellular organism), or as sub-unit in a multicellular organism (such as in plants and animals) that is specialized into carrying out particular functions towards the cause of the organism as a whole.

DNA

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living

organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of

genetic information.

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Contains Thymine

Contains the genetic

information Double

stranded

DNA

DNA

Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine.

RNA

 RiboNucleic Acid: a nucleic acid that is generally single stranded (double stranded in some viruses) and plays a role in transferring information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell.

RNA

RNA

Usually single stranded

Contains Uracile

Contains ribose

Viruses contain their genetic Info in RNA genome.

More prone to hydrolisis than

DNA

Protein synthesis, catalyze

reactions.

Cell membrane 

• A very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell. Also called: plasmalemma or plasma membrane

• The semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell.

Passive transport• A kind of transport by which ions

or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Hydrophobic

• Lacking an affinity for water; insoluble in water; repelling water.

 Hydrophilic  Having an affinity for water; capable of interacting with water through hydrogen bonding.

Enzyme  Any of various proteins, as pepsin,

 origi- nating from living cells and capable of  producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by  catalytic action, as in digestion.

Chloroplasts • The organelles that carries out

photosynthesis and starch grain formation.

• A chlorophyll-containing organelle in plants that is the site of photosynthesis.

Ribosomes

A tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great num- bers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer sur- faces of endoplasmic reticula,and function- ing as the site of protein manufacture.

3. Essay questions (choose ONE and explain it in detail)

Mitosis-Meiosis video• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ba9LXKH2ztU• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IzfJSxa-uA

Name and describe the two major classes of cells.