10 1 production forecast em

7
Reservoir Reservoir Simulation Simulation - Production Production Forecast Forecast Etienne MOREAU Introduction Why run a flow simulation ? Mathematical & Numerical considerations ECLIPSE Reminder Outline Data review Space & Time Discretisation Reservoir description Fluid description Initial State Aquifer & Well representation Flow description © 2010 - IFP Training 2 Flow description History matching Production Forecast EP - Reservoir Simulation - Production Forecast - E.M.

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10 1 Production Forecast EM

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Page 1: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

Re

serv

oir

Re

serv

oir S

imu

latio

n

Sim

ula

tion

--P

rod

uctio

n

Pro

du

ction

F

ore

cast

Fo

reca

stF

ore

cast

Fo

reca

stE

tien

ne

MO

RE

AU

�In

trod

uctio

n

•W

hy

run

aflo

wsim

ula

tion

?

•M

ath

em

atica

l&N

um

erica

lco

nsid

era

tion

s

•E

CLIP

SE

Re

min

de

r

Ou

tline

�D

ata

rev

iew

•S

pa

ce&

Tim

eD

iscretisa

tion

•R

ese

rvo

ird

escrip

tion

•F

luid

de

scriptio

n

•In

itial

Sta

te

•A

qu

ifer

&W

ell

rep

rese

nta

tion

•F

low

de

scriptio

n

© 2010 -IFP Training2

•F

low

de

scriptio

n

�H

istory

ma

tchin

g

�P

rod

uctio

nF

ore

cast

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Page 2: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

�G

oo

dP

rod

uctio

nfo

reca

stsw

illd

ep

en

do

n

•G

oo

dh

istory

ma

tch

•G

oo

din

teg

ratio

no

fw

ell

pe

rform

an

cea

nd

pro

du

ction

con

strain

ts

�W

ell

pe

rform

an

ce

Intro

du

ction

�W

ell

pe

rform

an

ce

•In

flow

curv

es

−P

rod

uctiv

ityin

de

xo

rco

mp

lete

curv

e

•O

utflo

wcu

rve

s

−V

FP

tab

les

�P

rod

uctio

nco

nstra

ints

•C

on

strain

tsre

late

dto

flow

© 2010 -IFP Training3

•C

on

strain

tsre

late

dto

flow

−M

ax

imu

mw

ate

r-cut

or

ma

xim

um

GO

Rp

er

we

ll

−M

ax

imu

mw

ate

rp

rod

uctio

no

rg

as

pro

du

ction

for

ag

rou

po

fw

ells

•C

on

strain

tsre

late

dto

pre

ssure

−M

inim

um

bo

ttom

ho

leflo

win

gp

ressu

re

−M

inim

um

we

llh

ea

dp

ressu

re

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Gas

Gas m

etering

Oil m

etering

Psep

.P = sep

aration pressu

re

Surface

choke

Pt

Surface facilities We

lls rep

rese

nta

tion

: Ou

tflow

Pe

rform

an

ce (1

)

Oil m

etering

Oil

choke

Surface facilitiesVertical lift

Safety valve

Fluid produced

© 2010 -IFP Training4

Down hole ch

oke

Well in

flow

PR

PWF

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Page 3: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (bar)

250

200

We

lls rep

rese

nta

tion

: Ou

tflow

Pe

rform

an

ce (2

)

Increasing Water cut

Increasing Well Head Pressure

Increasing GOR

Increasing Tubing Size

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (bar)

200

150

150

Increasing Water cut

Increasing Well Head Pressure

Increasing GOR

Increasing Tubing Size

© 2010 -IFP Training5

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (bar)

500

0400

800

1200

1600

Liq

uid

flow

(m3/d

)

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (bar)

250

200

We

ll ca

pa

city

940 m

3/d

We

lls rep

rese

nta

tion

: We

ll con

trol (fix

ed

TH

P)

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (bar)

200

150

100

940 m

/d

© 2010 -IFP Training6

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (bar)

500

0400

800

1200

1600

IPR: In

flow Perfo

rmance R

elationship

Liq

uid

flow

(m3/d

)

VLP: Vertical L

ift Perfo

rmance

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Page 4: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

�M

ain

con

trols

•Im

po

sed

Flo

wra

te

−O

il,W

ate

r,G

as,

Liqu

id,

Re

serv

oir

vo

ida

ge

•Im

po

sed

pre

ssure

−T

ub

ing

He

ad

Flo

win

gp

ressu

re

We

ll Co

ntro

ls: Prin

cipa

l use

s in fo

reca

st mo

de

−T

ub

ing

He

ad

Flo

win

gp

ressu

re

−B

otto

mh

ole

flow

ing

pre

ssure

�S

eco

nd

ary

con

trols

•F

low

rate

s

−E

con

om

iclim

its

−R

ate

su

pp

er

limit

pe

rp

ha

se

−M

ax

imu

mra

tios

(Wcu

t,G

OR

,W

GR

)

•P

ressu

res

© 2010 -IFP Training7

•P

ressu

res

−B

HP

an

dT

HP

limit

(low

er

for

ap

rod

uce

r,u

pp

er

for

an

inje

ctor)

−M

ax

imu

md

raw

do

wn

�V

FP

tab

les

are

use

dto

rela

teb

otto

mh

ole

tow

ell

he

ad

pre

ssure

s

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

�W

ell

con

trols

•W

CO

NP

RO

D:

Co

ntro

ld

ata

for

pro

du

ction

we

lls

•W

EC

ON

:E

con

om

iclim

itd

ata

for

pro

du

ction

we

lls

•W

EF

AC

:W

ell

efficie

ncy

facto

rs(fo

rd

ow

ntim

e)

•W

ELLD

RA

W:

Ma

xim

um

dra

wd

ow

np

er

pro

du

cer

We

ll Co

ntro

ls: Eclip

se k

ey

wo

rds

•W

ELLD

RA

W:

Ma

xim

um

dra

wd

ow

np

er

pro

du

cer

•W

CO

NIN

JE:

Co

ntro

ld

ata

for

inje

ction

we

lls

•W

EC

ON

INJ

:E

con

om

iclim

itd

ata

for

inje

ction

we

lls

�V

LPta

ble

•V

FP

PR

OD

:V

FP

tab

les

pro

du

ction

we

lls

•V

FP

INJ

:V

FP

tab

les

for

inje

ction

we

lls

© 2010 -IFP Training8

�D

ime

nsio

ns

inR

UN

SP

EC

•V

FP

PD

IMS

:P

rod

uctio

nw

ells

VF

Pta

ble

dim

en

sion

s

•V

FP

IDIM

S:

Inje

ction

we

llsV

FP

tab

led

ime

nsio

ns

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Page 5: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

�In

flow

•P

ressu

red

rop

be

twe

en

cell

an

db

otto

mh

ole

(sectio

n1

)

�O

utflo

w

•P

ressu

reh

ea

db

etw

ee

nco

nn

ectio

na

nd

da

tum

of

VF

Pta

ble

Inflo

w &

Ou

tflow

calcu

latio

ns

•P

ressu

reh

ea

db

etw

ee

nco

nn

ectio

na

nd

da

tum

of

VF

Pta

ble

(sectio

n2

)

•H

ea

dlo

sses

intu

bin

g(se

ction

3)

He

ad

LT

ub

ing

2

33

2

© 2010 -IFP Training9

I -1, j

De

via

ted

we

ll

I+1

, jI, j

Ho

rizo

nta

l we

ll

Re

se

rvo

ir1

22

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

�In

flow

pe

rform

an

cere

latio

nsh

ip(se

ction

1)

Inflo

w &

Ou

tflow

calcu

latio

ns

Pf)

(Pr

µ kr

CF

Q−

××

=

�W

ellb

ore

pre

ssure

he

ad

(sectio

n2

)

•V

ertica

lw

ell:

hy

dro

static

he

ad

be

twe

en

the

con

ne

ction

ia

nd

the

we

ll’sd

atu

m+

(corre

ction

up

toV

FP

da

tum

de

pth

)

•h

orizo

nta

lw

ell

:h

yd

rosta

tich

ea

d+

friction

ifW

FR

ICo

rM

SW

�P

ressu

red

rop

intu

bin

g(se

ction

3)

•u

seo

fV

ertica

lF

low

Pe

rform

an

ce(V

FP

)ta

ble

sp

rov

ide

din

the

da

tase

t

∆z

g ρ

© 2010 -IFP Training

10

•B

HP

=f

(Q,

TH

P,

Wcu

t,G

OR

,Q

lift)

�R

em

ind

er

•it

isim

po

rtan

tto

de

fine

accu

rate

lyth

eV

FP

tab

les

wh

en

the

inflo

w

dra

wd

ow

nis

low

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Page 6: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

�V

FP

tab

les

are

ge

ne

rally

ge

ne

rate

db

yw

ell

de

pa

rtme

nt

�It

isre

com

me

nd

ed

•T

ou

seth

eP

VT

corre

spo

nd

ing

top

rod

uce

dflu

ids

•T

og

en

era

teo

ne

tab

lefo

re

ach

va

lue

of

tub

ing

dia

me

ter

Ou

tflow

calcu

latio

ns: V

FP

tab

les g

en

era

tion

•T

og

en

era

teo

ne

tab

lefo

re

ach

va

lue

of

tub

ing

dia

me

ter

•T

og

rou

pw

ells

acco

rdin

gto

the

ird

ev

iatio

n,

com

ple

tion

an

d

pro

du

ced

fluid

�T

he

pa

ram

ete

rsm

ust

cov

er

the

ran

ge

of

va

lue

sw

hich

will

be

rea

che

dd

urin

gth

efo

reca

stsim

ula

tion

s:N

OE

XT

RA

PO

LAT

ION

S!

�S

om

eB

HP

ma

yco

rresp

on

dto

aco

mb

ina

tion

of

pa

ram

ete

rs

© 2010 -IFP Training

11

�S

om

eB

HP

ma

yco

rresp

on

dto

aco

mb

ina

tion

of

pa

ram

ete

rs

ph

ysica

llyim

po

ssible

.

•V

alu

es

hig

he

rth

an

the

ma

xre

serv

oir

pre

ssure

sho

uld

be

giv

en

to

en

sure

tha

tth

ew

ell

flow

ing

con

ditio

ns

will

no

te

nte

rth

efo

rbid

de

n

reg

ion

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

�W

ell

pe

rform

an

cep

ara

me

ters

are

:

•n

ot

use

dd

urin

gh

istory

ma

tch(W

ells

are

con

trolle

din

flow

rate

)

•u

sed

du

ring

pro

du

ction

fore

casts

(We

llflo

wra

tes

are

dire

ctlylin

ke

dto

we

llp

erfo

rma

nce

)

Ma

tchin

g o

f we

ll pe

rform

an

ce

link

ed

tow

ell

pe

rform

an

ce)

�D

urin

gh

istory

ma

tch

•It

isp

oin

tless

totry

tom

atch

BH

Pa

nd

TH

Pa

slo

ng

as

rese

rvo

irp

ressu

reis

no

tm

atch

ed

•It

ish

igh

lyre

com

me

nd

ed

tom

atch

BH

Pa

nd

TH

Pa

sso

on

as

rese

rvo

irp

ressu

reis

ma

tche

db

yin

trod

ucin

gth

eV

FP

tab

les

an

da

dju

sting

PI.

At

the

be

gin

nin

go

fp

rod

uctio

nfo

reca

sts

© 2010 -IFP Training

12

�A

tth

eb

eg

inn

ing

of

pro

du

ction

fore

casts

•B

HP

an

dT

HP

mu

stb

em

atch

ed

pe

rw

ell

toe

nsu

reth

eco

ntin

uity

from

bo

un

da

ryco

nd

ition

sin

flow

(HM

)to

BC

inp

ressu

re(fo

reca

st)

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

Page 7: 10 1 Production Forecast EM

�B

HP

pe

rw

ell

can

be

mo

difie

db

y

•T

un

ing

of

Co

nn

ectio

nfa

ctors

•In

trod

uctio

no

fp

rod

uctio

nu

ptim

es

−u

seo

bse

rve

dd

aily

Q+

WE

FA

Cin

stea

do

fm

on

thly

av

era

ge

dQ

•u

seo

fW

PIM

ULT

or

mo

difica

tion

of

the

skin

Ma

tchin

g o

f we

ll pe

rform

an

ce : B

HP

pe

r we

ll

•u

seo

fW

PIM

ULT

or

mo

difica

tion

of

the

skin

�R

em

ind

er

:T

un

ing

CF

pe

rla

ye

rm

ay

be

ne

cessa

ryfo

rP

LTm

atch

•th

ein

form

atio

np

rov

ide

db

yth

eP

LT(a

lloca

tion

of

flow

pe

rla

ye

r)m

ust

be

tak

en

into

acco

un

tsin

ceth

em

atch

inP

(Kp

er

lay

er)

•It

isre

com

me

nd

ed

toa

dju

stth

esk

inp

er

(gro

up

of)

lay

ers

© 2010 -IFP Training

13

•It

isre

com

me

nd

ed

toa

dju

stth

esk

inp

er

(gro

up

of)

lay

ers

•U

sein

stan

tan

eo

us

rate

s(n

ot

mo

nth

lya

ve

rag

ed

)a

nd

be

sure

tha

te

ve

ryth

ing

(P,

me

asu

reco

nd

ition

s)is

con

sisten

t

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.

�B

HP

pe

rw

ell

can

be

mo

difie

db

y

•M

od

ificatio

no

fp

ressu

reh

ea

db

etw

ee

nco

nn

ectio

na

nd

da

tum

of

VF

Pta

ble

•M

od

ificatio

no

fV

FP

tab

le

Eclip

seso

lve

sfo

rth

ein

terse

ction

of:

Ma

tchin

g o

f we

ll pe

rform

an

ce : T

HP

pe

r we

ll

�E

clipse

solv

es

for

the

inte

rsectio

no

f:

•Lin

ea

rp

ortio

no

fV

FP

tab

lea

tflo

win

gco

nd

ition

s(G

OR

an

dW

CU

T)

•Lo

cal

IPR

:B

HP

=P

r-

(Q/IP

)

�T

his

inte

rsectio

nm

ay

be

inth

eu

nsta

ble

pa

rto

fth

eV

FP

curv

e;

inth

isca

seth

ere

sults

are

ve

ryse

nsitiv

eto

the

slop

eo

fIP

R

© 2010 -IFP Training

14

of

IPR

�it

isre

com

me

nd

ed

tod

iscretize

ea

chp

ara

me

ter

inV

FP

curv

es

with

en

ou

gh

va

lue

sto

rep

rese

nt

corre

ctlyth

ew

ork

ing

po

int

EP

-R

eservoir S

imulatio

n -

Pro

ductio

n F

orecast -

E.M

.