10-1 environmental geology james reichard copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission...

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10- 10-1 Environment Environment al al Geology Geology James Reichard James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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Page 1: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-11

EnvironmentaEnvironmental l

GeologyGeology

James ReichardJames Reichard

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Page 2: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-22

Chapter 10Chapter 10Soil ResourcesSoil Resources

Page 3: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-33

Formation of SoilsFormation of Soils

BedrockBedrock RegolithRegolith SedimentSediment

Page 4: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-44

Formation of SoilsFormation of Soils

WeatheringWeathering PhysicalPhysical

ChemicalChemical Quartz resistant to chemical weatheringQuartz resistant to chemical weathering

Page 5: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-55

Soil HorizonsSoil Horizons

Page 6: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-66

Soil ColorSoil Color

Page 7: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-77

Soil TextureSoil Texture

Page 8: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-88

Soil Forming FactorsSoil Forming Factors

Parent material Parent material C HorizonC Horizon

OrganismsOrganisms ClimateClimate TopographyTopography TimeTime

PaleosolPaleosol

Page 9: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-99

Classification of SoilsClassification of Soils

Page 10: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1010

Engineering ClassificationEngineering Classification

Page 11: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1111

Soil PropertiesSoil Properties

PorosityPorosity

Soil moisture & Soil moisture & drought resistancedrought resistance

PermeabilityPermeability

Strength & Strength & sensitivitysensitivity

PlasticityPlasticity

CompressibilityCompressibility

Shrink-swellShrink-swell

Ion exchange Ion exchange capacitycapacity

Page 12: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1212

Soil as a ResourceSoil as a Resource

Agricultural food production Agricultural food production Soil fertilitySoil fertility Essential nutrientsEssential nutrients

Minerals and energyMinerals and energy AluminumAluminum Kaolinite clayKaolinite clay PeatPeat

Page 13: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1313

Soil LossSoil Loss

Soil erosion Soil erosion NaturalNatural Man-madeMan-made

ConsequencesConsequences

Page 14: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1414

Soil LossSoil Loss

MitigationMitigation Contour plowingContour plowing Crop strippingCrop stripping No till farmingNo till farming Grassed waterwaysGrassed waterways TerracingTerracing

Stream buffersStream buffers Silt fencesSilt fences Retention basinsRetention basins Slope vegetation Slope vegetation

covercover

Page 15: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1515

Salinization of SoilsSalinization of Soils

Page 16: 10-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

10-10-1616

HardpansHardpans