1. why was the nile river so important? 2. what role did pharaohs play in egyptian kingdoms? 3. how...
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1. Why was the Nile River so important?2. What role did pharaohs play in Egyptian Kingdoms?3. How was Egyptian society organized?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
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“Gift of the Nile”• More than 5,000 years ago, a rich farming
civilization grew in the Valley of the Nile
• It was referred to as “The Gift of the Nile.”
• The Egyptians cooperated with mother nature: they dug dikes, built reservoirs, irrigation ditches, and specialized in trade.
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Three Kingdoms
• Old Kingdom: 2575 – 2130 BCE
• Middle Kingdom: 1938 – 1630 BCE
• New Kingdom: 1539 – 1075 BCE
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PHARAOHS
• Pharaoh = “Great House”• EGYPTIAN RULERS!!! Seen as Gods.• The harmony of the universe depended on
the pharaoh’s actions; they were believed to control the annual flooding of the NILE.
• Had to keep the bloodlines pure; married their relatives. NO OUTSIDERS!
• Great tombs were built to hold their bodies.
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SOCIAL PYRAMID
1. Pharaohs
2. Government Officials
3. Priests
4. Scribes
5. Craftsmen
6. Peasants/Slaves
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MUMMIFICATION
• Mummification = The process of preserving a dead body for the afterlife.
• Egyptians believed in eternal life; the body was home for the soul in the after life. Without a body, it was condemned to eternal wandering.
• Only the rich could afford
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Process of Mummification• Drying the body – process took 35 days
• All organs besides the heart are removed and placed in canopic jars. The lids of the jars represented the four “Sons of Horus.”
• Gold toe and finger protectors are placed on the body
• The body is prepared and wrapped in linen and canvas.
• Charms and amulets are placed with the body for protection and good luck
• Everyday objects that are needed in the afterlife are placed with the body.
• The mummy is then placed in a large stone tomb known as a SARCOPHAGUS.