1. Which best describes Voltaire’s personal faith?(A) There is no God(B) God is everywhere and controls everything(C) God set the world in motion but then retreated and let it be(D) God is dead

2. Romanticism changed the direction of the Enlightenment by emphasizing (A) Skepticism over reason(B) Empirical evidence over reason(C) Emotion over reason(D) The unconscious mind over reason

3. Which of these works was published first? (A) Newton’s Principia(B) Copernicus’s On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres(C) Fontenelle’s Plurality of Worlds(D) Galileo’s “Starry Messenger”

4. Credited with perfecting the experimental method—we saw one example as he rolled wooden balls down a ramp to measure their acceleration rate:

(A) Galileo(B) Newton(C) Descartes(D) Bacon

5. Madame du Chatelet is credited with

A. Hosting a salon where philosophers and scientists met

B. Her work in astronomy, including the discovery of several new stars

C. Volunteering her children for smallpox inoculation

D. Translating Newton’s Principia into French

6. What was the centerpiece of Newton's work?

(A) The doctrine of uniformity (B) The law of inertia (C) The law of universal gravitation (D) The special theory of relativity

7. With which idea were thinkers like Pierre Bayle and David Hume associated? (A) Romanticism(B) Skepticism(C) Mercantilism(D) Rationalism

8. Which form of government did Locke prefer? (A) Absolute monarchy(B) Direct democracy(C) Representative democracy(D) Anarchy

9. The Neoclassic style was differentiated from the Baroque because

A) it was characterized by restraint and discipline.

B) it aimed at grandiose effects.

C) it was found mainly in Protestant countries.

D) it included art forms beyond painting.

10. Which scientist was so inspirational that he’s credited with starting the Enlightenment? (A) Newton(B) Galileo (C) Kepler (D) Copernicus

11. Montesquieu’s Persian Letters argues for (A) Freedom of speech(B) Separation of powers (C) Humane treatment of children

(D) Tolerance for other cultures

12. Which author and work is matched incorrectly?

A) Montesquieu, Two Treatises on Government

B) Locke, On Human Understanding.

C) d’Holbach, System of Nature

D) Fontenelle, On the Plurality of Worlds

13. He said “cogito ergo sum.” (“I think, therefore I am.”) and invented the deductive method

(A) Francis Bacon(B) Andreas Vesalius(C) Thomas Hobbes(D) Rene Descartes

14. Which writer made the Scientific Revolution more understandable to the general public?

(A)Pierre Bayle(B) Voltaire(C) John Locke(D) Bernard Fontenelle

Important terms

15. Aristotle believed in an earth-centered, or

_____, universe

geocentric

16. Reasoning that begins with a hypothesis

and then proceeds to collecting evidence

Deduction

17. An object orbiting the sun travels in

an_____, according to Kepler

Ellipse

18. Montesquieu’s belief about the executive, judicial, legislative

functions of government: The

______of ______

Separation of Powers

19. Locke’s term: We are born “blank slates,”

or_____ ____

Tabula rasa

20. Voltaire believed in God, but only in a God who created the universe and

then let it run, like a watchmaker. He was

therefore a …

…Deist

21. Rousseau’s term: Rulers rule according to

the “__________ ____” of the people

“General Will”

22. “Empiricism” is another name for

______reasoning, Bacon’s innovation.

Inductive

23. One who believes that nothing can ever be

known with 100% certainty

Skeptic

24. Madame Geoffrin’s was the best-known of these Enlightenment

meeting-places

Salons

25. Galileo’s observations of the heavens innovations

in this field of study, a specialty in the Dutch

Republic

Optics

26. "Crush the Infamous Thing," a slogan that summed up most of the philosophes' beliefs about formal religion, was uttered by

A.  LockeB.  David HumeC.  DiderotD.  VoltaireE.  Hobbes

27. Deists would have been…

A.  Opposed to all religionsB.  Fascinated with the religious beliefs

of the Middle AgesC.  Strong supporters of the Church

clergyD.  Seeking a combination of a life of

faith and a life of reasonE.  Those philosophes who did not

believe in God at all

28. Louis XIV fought many wars during his reign,

except for…

A.  The War of the Spanish SuccessionB.  The Thirty Years’ WarC.  The War of the League of AugsburgD.  The War of DevolutionE.  The War against the Dutch

29. Who was the politique who wrote the Edict of

Nantes?

A. Cardinal Richelieu B.  Louis XIV C.  Henry VIID.  Henry IVE.  Charles II

30. Which statement is not true regarding the Enlightenment

during the 18th century?

A.  The volume of printed material decreased throughout EuropeB.  Coffeehouses became a center for discussions of writings and ideasC.  The novel emerged helping to spread the Enlightenment ideasD.  Public opinion became a dominant force in society and government

31. He was little Louis XIV’s godfather, but his centralizing ways provoked the Fronde when the king

was a boy.

A.  RichelieuB.  MazarinC.  ColbertD.  Henry IV

E.  William of Orange

32. What country most benefited from the Thirty

Years' War?

A.  The Holy Roman EmpireB.  SwedenC.  Prussia

D.  EnglandE.  France

33. What did Noam Chomsky theorize about the way we acquire language?

We may be ‘hard-wired,’ or essentially programmed, to learn language from birth.

34. Why would Rousseau have objected most to the “Genie”

Experiment?

No one took responsibility to commit their love to Genie—she bounced around like a

ping-pong ball.

“I stand on the shoulders of giants,” Newton said. Which ones?

• Copernicus• Brahe• Kepler• Galileo• Mr. Gregory