1. where is the food?images.pcmac.org/.../mo/...exam_review_s1_wh_2018.pdf · •ancient greeks...
TRANSCRIPT
1. Where is the food?• Before the Neolithic
Revolution, humans were forced to travel from place to place in search of food as nomads. The result of the Revolution was a shift from a food gathering to food producing societies where people could survive and stay in one place.
2. Can you dig it?• Archaeologists excavate
ancient settlements and study artifacts (items created by human beings) to learn more about how these ancient people lived. Famous archaeologists include Donald Johannson who discovered a 3 million year old skeleton that he nicknamed “Lucy” who he believed was an upright walking humanlike creature.
3. We’ve got Roots
• According to the latest scientific research, the earliest known human remains have been found in Africa. Therefore, scientists believe that human origins can be traced back to that continent. Based off of the radiocarbon dating process (used to date organic material) humanlike creatures have been on the earth for over 3 million years.
4. Down by the River• River valleys became the
site of the most successful early civilizations because of their mild climate, fertile soil, and plentiful water supply. People there would create calendars so that they would know when the seasons would change to avoid having crops in the ground during rainy seasons.
5. Cool It!• In the past 1.5
million years that
earth had long
periods of cooling
which lasted for
thousands of years
and resulted in
glaciers covering
large portions of the
earth’s surface.
6. Do it or else!
• The 1st civilizations found the need to select leaders and create governments to get essential work done by citizens, workers were given specific jobs to accomplish to earn their keep in these communities.
7. Prehistoric Developments
• Before the Neolithic
Revolution, human
beings developed
spoken language, fire,
tamed some animals,
buried their dead, stone
tools (hand axe), and
began to migrate to
cooler areas of the
planet.
8. What a present!
• Egypt’s annual
flooding is referred
to commonly as
the “gift of the
Nile” because each
year it provided
fertile farmland
with a new, rich
layer of silt.
9. Long Standing
• Ancient Egypt was surrounded by seas and deserts prevented outside civilizations from attacking them. Therefore, Egypt remained a unified empire for nearly 3,000 years!
10. Eye for an Eye
• King Hammurabi the ancient Mesopotamian king was the first to develop a law code which applied to all citizens of his empire.
11. Ideas Exchanged
• During the earliest periods of
world history, many
civilizations learned of new
ideas through cultural
diffusion which occurred after
Prehistoric times (Prehistory)
when writing was developed,
other civilizations were
conquered, and trade took
place between different
civilizations.
12. Geography is the Key
• According to Jared
Diamond, civilizations that
possessed abundant
agricultural items, new
forms of technology, and
domesticated animals
tended to be the most
successful ones in the early
part of human history.
13. Write It Down
• Some of the first civilizations in the world developed written language about 5,000 years ago. First, the Sumerians invented Cuneiform and a short time later, the Egyptians invented Hieroglyphics.
14. God said it!
• The Ancient Hebrews (Israelites) developed the idea of Ethical Monotheism. It was first written in the Old Testament which outlines Hebrew moral and ethical teachings.
15. Can You Dig It?
• The use of irrigation
and domesticated
animals allowed
farmers in the first
civilizations to cultivate
crops on a large scale.
In Egypt, irrigation
canals helped early
farmers transform the
desert into fertile land
for growing grapes.
16. Early Trade
• Before the
development of
money, early
civilizations relied on
barter (the exchange
of one good or service
for another) to receive
items or services that
they needed to
survive.
17. Gettin’ Ziggy With It!
• In Ancient Sumer,
Ziggurats were built as
religious ritual centers
in nearly every city-
state throughout the
Tigris-Euphrates River
Valley a.k.a. “The
Fertile Crescent” (see
map).
18. Everyone had a Voice
• In Ancient Greek polis (city-state) of Athens, all free, adult, male citizens voted on all issues brought forth in the system of government called a direct democracy. Just as in the U.S. today, individuals played a significant role in shaping ideas, society, and the state.
19. No freedom of Choice
• In Ancient Sparta, male
citizens were required
to serve and train in the
military from ages
seven to sixty. This
polis was ruled by an
oligarchy- a small
group of wealthy
people.
20. In the Nude
• Ancient Greeks participated in athletic contests every four years as each city-state sent its best athletes to compete for the Greek gods at Mount Olympia. Most artwork of the Golden Age of Greece also glorified the human body in paintings and sculptures.
21. Save the Drama
• There wouldn’t be any drama to be saved if it wasn’t for the Ancient Greeks who developed early plays with humor called comedies and others where characters struggle to overcome an problem called tragedies.
22. Alexander’s Impact
• Through numerous military victories Alexander the Great built new cities with Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences. This culture brought throughout the known world by Alexander became known as Hellenistic Civilization.
23. Athenian Legacy
• In the 5th Century B.C. Athens developed great art/architecture like the Parthenon, Philosophy, Pythagorean theorem, Hippocratic Oath, History, and Rhetoric because of its wealth, and under Pericles’ leadership Athenian democracy flourished as ordinary citizens held public offices .
24. Primary and Secondary
• People who study history look at
primary sources (diaries,
paintings, sculptures, journals)
and secondary sources
(textbooks, encyclopedias, and
websites) to learn more about
historical information. One
place with a wealth of primary
sources is the Roman city of
Pompeii which was destroyed by
a volcanic eruption in the 1st
century A.D.
25. Roman Builders
• Ancient Romans constructed several marvels of modern engineering including arches, vaulted ceilings, domes, and aqueducts which carried water from the mountains to the cities.
26. Mad Men• In many Ancient
civilizations, including Rome, women and children were not ever involved in governmental decisions. However, Rome did develop the idea of a republican form of government and established a bicameral legislature. The Roman Republic also gave more say in elections to wealthier citizens.
27. It Catches On!• Around 30 A.D. many people
around Jerusalem began to follow a holy man named Jesus, who performed miracles. His followers would create the Christian Church shortly after Jesus’ death. But it would not become legal in Rome until the 200s after Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. After it became legal it grew in popularity because of its promise of life after death, strong organization led by Popes and use of common languages (Greek/Latin).
28. You’re going Down!
• The Roman Empire began to fall apart around 400 A.D. because of ineffective and corrupt leaders in Rome’s government, inflation in Roman currency, loss of faith and patriotism in Rome, and changes in army membership and discipline.
29. Republican Model
• There are many similarities
between the modern U.S.
government and Roman
Republic including rule by
elected representatives. This
representative democracy
became the model of the U.S.
government and allows the
desires of the citizens who vote
to limit the government’s
actions. Citizens who failed to
vote would often not see their
favored candidate win elections.
30. Charlemagne’s Idea
• In order to establish political control, the Frankish king, Charlemagne, developed called feudalism in which serfs borrowed land from lords on manors exchange for fiefs. On these manors, most of the economic activities were based off of agriculture.
31. Follow the Code
• Medieval knights had to follow a specific code of behavior known as Chivalry to remain in their elite position.
32. Huge Impact• The Magna Carta
established many ideas used in the U.S. government including: credible witnesses, separation of powers, speedy trials, no one is above the law, and personal property rights.
33. Mo Money• By the Late Middle Ages a vast trade network of
trade route connected the centers of trade in Europe which resulted in rapid spread of the Black Death which reduced Europe’s population by 25 million over 4 years which led to a smaller workforce and an increase in wages.
34. I’ve got the Power• Following the defeat of
Islamic armies in 732
A.D. by Charles Martel,
Christianity grew in
strength and popularity
in Western Europe.
Within several hundred
years, European
Christians constructed
large Gothic Cathedrals
to show their devotion
to God.
35. Not Just Tough Guys
• Archaeologists believe that the Vikings
were the first Europeans to sail across the
Atlantic Ocean around 1000 A.D. and made
settlements in modern day Canada.
36. Do It for God!
• The Crusades recruited thousands of Europeans to recapture the holy land from the Muslims by ensuring Crusaders a place in heaven, although they were unsuccessful at recapturing Jerusalem, it did result in increased demand for goods in the Middle East and eventually led to increased cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe.
37. Where in the World?• Once again, you need to know the location of the
world’s 7 continents and 4 oceans.
38. Final Exam Breakdown
• All 100 questions have appeared on your
previous unit tests in World History this
semester. (15 Prehistory, 17 Great Civilizations, 20 Ancient
Greece, 17 Ancient Rome, 20 Middle Ages, 11 World Map)
• All questions are multiple choice questions
(1 point each)
• Total score will account for 20% of your
semester grade.