1. what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 6co 2 + 6h 2 o + energy c 6 h 12 o 6 + 6o 2 2....
TRANSCRIPT
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1. What is the chemical equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
2. What is the chemical equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
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CELLULAR RESPIRATIONPages 228 - 237
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CELLULAR CELLULAR RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
Converts the food we eat (glucose) into a form of energy that
can be used by cells - ATP.
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How do we get energy out of the foods we eat???
• By breaking down sugars/carbohydrates/glucose to release the stored energy.
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What is Energy?The ability to do work!!
•Who needs energy?•Everyone! All organism! Both plants and
animals!
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Plants and animals use glucose, the product of photosynthesis, for metabolic
fuel.
• True or False: Animals are the only organisms that perform cellular respiration?
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So both heterotrophs and autotrophs get their energy from
glucose?
•Glucose is a LONG-TERM, energy storing molecule.
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Glucose
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. All organisms respire!2. Cellular respiration is like the
reverse reaction of photosynthesis – Products of photosynthesis become the
reactants of cellular respiration– Respiration breaks down glucose (Catabolic
Rxn.)3. ATP energy is released
– ATP is used for cellular processes like movement of materials, cellular reproduction, protein synthesis, etc.
Overview of Respiration
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
4. What Organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA
Overview of Respiration
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Two Types of Cellular Respiration:
1. Aerobic (Requires Oxygen)2. Anaerobic (No oxygen
required)
Overview of Respiration
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Ok! Lets look at our Reactants!1) Glucose2) Oxygen
Wait! You just told me there is a process that does not reqire oxygen??
Overview of Respiration(Aerobic)
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• This is where it gets confusing……
• For the purposes of this class, we are going to focus on regular cellular respiration which is aerobic (requires oxygen).
• However, keep in mind that some simple organisms can only do anaerobic (no oxygen required) cellular respiration.
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Where do the reactants come from?
Glucose - made during Photosynthesis.
Oxygen - is in the air.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• The formula for aerobic cellular respiration is
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
• The “word” equation for this is:
Cellular RespirationAEROBIC
RESPIRATION
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• Aerobic cellular respiration has 3 stages.
1.Glycolysis
2.Krebs cycle
3.Electron Transport Chain, or ETC
Cellular RespirationAEROBIC RESPIRATION
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Glucose is Broken Down•Inputs:
– 1 Glucose– 2 ATP
• Outputs:– 2 Pyruvate – 2 NADH– 2 ATP Net (4 ATP made but 2 used = 2 left)
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM
Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS
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Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS
Per 1 molecule of glucose and 2 molecules of ATP, how many….
Net # of ATP made?NADPH made?Pyruvate made?
Where does pyruvate come from?
Where does glycolysis take place?
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION
• The step in which pyruvate is broken down • Inputs:
– 2 Pyruvate
• Outputs:– 2 ATP– 8 NADH– 2 FADH2
– 6 CO2
• Occurs in the mitochondria
Step 2: KREB’S CYCLE
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Step 2: KREB’S CYCLE
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Step 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT
CHAIN• In this step, the breakdown of Glucose is completed.
• Inputs:– 8 NADH– 2 FADH2
– 6 O2
• Outputs:– 32 ATP– 6 H2O
• Occurs in the mitochondria
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Step 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT
CHAIN
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• The mitochondrial electron transport chain is similar to that used in chloroplasts for photosynthesis. NADH and FADH2 molecules formed during Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle carry their electrons to the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that ultimately leads to the production of a large amount of ATP.
Animation
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WOW! MY BRAIN HURTS!
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Maybe a Video Will Help
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ
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Summary of Aerobic Respiration
• Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate. 2 ATP Made
• Pyruvate is further broken down in the Kreb’s Cycle. 2 ATP Made
• The electron transport chain finishes breaking down glucose and makes 32 ATP
• CO2 and Oxygen are wastes (or byproducts).
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
36 ATP MADE TOTAL
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Cellular Respiration
2 36
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Where does Glycolysis take place?
Glycolysis
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What does Glycolysis require?
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What is step 2 of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
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Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Glycolysis
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What does the Krebs Cycle Make?
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What does the ETC Use?
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What does the ETC Make?
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONCellular respiration when oxygen is NOT present is called
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ANAEROBIC- NO OXYGEN!!
• Some cells can function for a little while without oxygen.
• Other Cells may go their entire life without oxygen.
But they still need ENERGY!!
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
•Can release energy when oxygen is not present but...
•It’s far less efficient.•Begins with glycolysis followed by fermentation.
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
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Same as Before: Glucose is Broken Down•Inputs:
– Glucose– 2 ATP
• Outputs:– 2 Pyruvate – 2 NADH– 4 ATP
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM
Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS
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Special Note: Glycolysis can produce
thousands of ATP molecules in milliseconds.But quickly fills all available NAD+ (electron carriers) with electrons and the process stops, so it’s only good for short-term energy.
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
1.Type of anaerobic respiration that releases energy without oxygen
2.If oxygen is not present, the next step is eithera. Lactic acid fermentationb. Alcoholic fermentation
Step 2: FERMENTATION
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Lactic Acid Fermentation– Converts pyruvic acid into
lactic acid and CO2
– Responsible for food production using microbes (Swiss cheese)
– Causes muscle fatigue/burning
Step 2: FERMENTATION
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Alcoholic Fermentation– Converts pyruvic acid into
alcohol and CO2
– Responsible for food production using microbes (sourdough bread)
Step 2: FERMENTATION
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02+ C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + alcohol
or lactic
acid
Summary Of Fermentation
Glycolysis Fermentation
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Advantage of Aerobic Respiration
Yields 66% more energy
36 net ATPThat’s nearly 20 times more ATP than
glycolysis alone.
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Energy Yield without oxygen
Glycolysis 2 ATP Fermentation+ 2 ATP
= 4 net ATP(that’s 32 less ATP than aerobic
respiration)
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A. to make ATP
B. to process H2O
C. to store glucose
D. to deliver oxygen
What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
Chapter 8
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Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration?
Cellular Energy
A. TCA cycle chemiosmosis glycolysis
B. glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport
fermentation
D. aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway
8.3 Formative Questions
C. electron absorption catalysisphosphorylation
Chapter 8
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. electron transport
Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process?
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
Chapter 8
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A. CoA
B. CO2
C. FADH2
D. NADH
Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product?
Cellular Energy
8.3 Formative Questions
Chapter 8
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What prevents pyruvate from entering the Krebs cycle and instead results in this pathway?
Cellular Energy
A. a buildup of CO2
B. a lack of oxygen
Standardized Test Practice
Chapter 8
C. an excess of glucose
D. an increaseddemand for ATP
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