1 wd;au wnsudkfhka hqla; fjuq·ƒෞඛ්...iqika;sld chisxy l%säldj t,sïmsla ß molalu Èkd .;a...
TRANSCRIPT
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
1
1 wd;au wNsudkfhka hqla; fjuq
iajNdjfhka u ñksid úúO jQ wjYH;dj,ska hqla; fõ' tjeks tla
wjYH;djla imsreKq l,ays ks;e;ska u ;j;a wjYH;djla mek k.S' th
ñksia iajNdjh hs' m<uqj uQ,sl wjYH;d imqrd .kakd ñksid wk;=rej
oaú;Shsl wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu flfrys fhduq fõ' tu wjYH;d bgq jQ
úg by< udkj wjYH;d yg .kS'
wmg tÈfkÞ Ôj;a ùug wjYH wdydr" c,h yd jd;h jeks idOl ñksia
uQ,sl wjYH;d jk nj;a" oaú;Shsl wjYH;d f,i wdorh" iqrlaIs;;dj
jeks udkisl wjYH;d mj;sk nj;a yhjk yd y;ajk fY%a‚j, § Tn
bf.k .;a nj u;l we;s'
by< udkj wjYH;d w;ßka wd;au wNsudkh ms<sn|j o" wd;au wNsudkhg
fya;= jk iqúfYaIS yelshd iy .=Kdx. fuka u wd;au wNsudkhg n,mdk
idOl ms<sn|j o Tng fuu mdvfuka bf.k .; yels h'
wd;au wNsudkh
.%dóh mßirhl msysá lksIaG úoHd,hl úÿy,am;sjrhd ;u ksfhdacH
úÿy,am;s fj; yÈisfha f.dia fuf,i mejiqfõ h' zzisßfujka
uy;auhd''" fï ±ka wfma l%Svd Ndr m%shka; i¾f.ka ÿrl:k m‚úvhla
,enqKd' wr wfÜ mx;sfha ksu,a mq;d cd;sl mdi,a l%Svd ;r.fha § óg¾
100 ;r.fhka rka molalu Èkd .;a; lsh,'ZZ
zzwd''' we;a; o f,dl= i¾" yßu i;=gqhs fkao@ wmg fldÉpr wdvïnrhla
o tA wdrxÑh'ZZ
2fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
zzTõ isßfujka uy;a;fhda" fï ch.%yKh wmg ú;rla fkdfõ wfma
mdi,g;a" wfma m%foaYhg;a" fï m<d;g;a úYd, f.!rjhla' wms ksu,a
mq;dj ms<s.kak W;aijhla mj;ajuq' ksu,af.a foudmshkag;a fï m‚úvh
hj,d tA whg;a mdi,g tkak lshuq'ZZ
by; we;s jQ isoaêh yd ne`ÿKq foni fyd¢ka lshjkak' tys óg¾ 100 ch
.;a ksu,a ienúka u i;=gg yd WoaÞuhg m;a jkq we;' tfia ;ud ms<sn|
;ud ;=< we;s jk f.!rjKSh yeÕSu wms wd;au wNsudkh lshd y÷kajuq'
wd;au wNsudkh ksy;udkSj ú| ord .; hq;= ;;ajhls'
wms ±ka ;j;a wjia:djla i,ld n,uq' lsishï mqj;a m;la u.ska
ixúOdkh lrkq ,enQ Ñ;% ;r.hla i|yd Tn úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o
Ñ;%h m%:u ia:dkh Èkd we;s nj;a" ;Hd. yd iy;sl m;a ,nd .ekSug
meñfKk f,i;a okajd Tng ,smshla tjd we;ehs is;kak' tjka úfgl
Tn bms,S .sh i;=áka yd WoaÞufhka hq;=j foudmshkag ×;Skag yd hy¿
fhfy<shkag tA nj mjikjd fkao@ tfia Tn ms<sn| Tn ;=< we;s jk
f.!rjKSh yeÕSu wd;au wNsudkh f,i ye`oskaúh yels h'
l%shdldrlu
by;ska ±la jQ m<uq wjia:dfõ § ksu,af.a ch.%yKh ms<sn|j
Tyq yer i;=gq jQ wfkla wh ljqrekaoehs ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'
zzf,dúka tflla tla fohlg fjhs iu;ZZ fï lshuk Tn fyd¢ka
wid we;s' wms okakjd iEu mqoa.,fhl=g u Tyqg wdfõKsl jQ úfYaI
l=i,;d" ke;akï olaI;d ;sfnk nj' by;ska ±la jQ WÞyrKh foi
ne,Sfï § óg¾ 100 ch.%yKh l< ksu,ag l%Svd olaI;djla ;sfnk
w;r Ñ;% ;r.h ch.%yKh l< YsIHhdg Ñ;% we`§fï olaI;djla ;sfí'
fufia wm tlsfkld i;= jk olaI;d wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd
.ekSfï § fnfyúka bjy,a fõ' l%Svd olaI;d we;s wh l%Svdj u.ska
o fi!kao¾huh olaI;d we;s wh Ñ;% we`§u" .S .ehSu" k¾;kh wdÈh
u.ska o wd;au wNsudkh <Õd lr .ks;s'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
3
fï wkqj wd;au wNsudkh i`oyd úúO l=i,;d bjy,a jk nj;a ;ud
i;= l=i,;d y÷kdf.k tAjd jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSfuka wd;au wNsudkh
f.dv k.d .; yels nj;a Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'
l%shdldrlu
tla tla mqoa.,hka i;= iqúfYaIS yelshd j.=.; lr tA tla tla
yelshdjkag wÞ<j Tyqg <Õd lr .; yels ;;ajhka ,shkak'
Tn j.=.; l< mqoa., yelshd yd ;;aj my; ±lafjk j.=j yd ieif`oa
±hs n,kak'
1'1 j.=j
mqoa., yelshdjka yelshdjkag wkqj ,eìh yels
;;ajh
l%Svd yelshdj l%Svlfhl= ùu
Ñ;% we£u Ñ;% Ys,amsfhl= ùu
k¾;kh k¾;k Ys,amsfhl= ùu
ix.S;h ix.S;{fhl= ùu
rÕmEfï yelshdj rx.k Ys,amsfhl= ùu
.‚;uh yelshdj .‚;{fhl= ùu
NdIduh yelshdj yrj;a lú" .S;" fmd;a" m;a wdosfha
rplfhl= ùu
ks¾udKd;aul yelshdj ks¾udKlrefjl= ùu
1'1 rEmh - wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk úúO l=i,;d
4fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
by< udkj wjYH;djla jk wd;au wNsudk wjYH;d imqrd .ekSfï
§ wms tlsfkldg we;s yelshdjka y÷kd .; hq;= fjuq' tA y÷kd .;a
yelshd ixj¾Okhg iy m%o¾Ykhg wjia:djka ,nd .; hq;= h' tA i|yd
Tng .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a iydh fkduoj ,efnkq we;'
fujeks olaI;d t<s ±laùug wu;rj Tng hï hï wdldrhg mqoa.,hskag
WojQ l< yels h' tjeks wkHhkag l< fkdyels foa Tn úiska Tjqkag
lr fokq ,eîu o Tn ;=< wd;au wNsudkh we;s lr .ekSug fya;= fõ'
1'2 rEmh - wka whg Wojq lsÍu
tfia u wjxl nj" bjiSu" ldre‚l nj" úkh .rel nj" kS;s .rel nj
jeks Wiia .=KO¾u mj;ajd .ekSfuka o ;ud ms<sn| wd;au wNsudkhla
ksrdhdifhka u f.dv kef.a'
wm olaI;d t<s olajk úg th ;j;a whf.a wd;au wNsudkhg o fya;=
jQ nj fï mdvu uq, § bf.k .;a;d u;l o@ WÞyrKhla f,i ksu,a
óg¾ ishh ;r.fhka ch.%yKh lsÍu fya;=fjka Tyqf.a foudmshka
jeäysáhka .=rejreka" isiqka" mdi,a m%cdj yd m%foaYfha fuka u m<df;a u
wh o i;=gg yd WoaÞuhg m;a jQ yeá u;lhg k.d .kak' bka wm
f;areï .; hq;af;a wmf.a yelshdjka" .=KO¾u ksid wm yd ine¢
wfkl=;a wh ;=< o wm ms<sn`o wNsudkhla we;s jk njhs'
iqika;sld chisxy l%Säldj T,sïmsla ߧ molalu Èkd .;a wjia:dj iy
YS% ,xldj l%%slÜ f,dal l=i,dkh Èkd .;a wjia:dj isyshg k.d .kak'
tu wjia:d rgla jYfhka wm ;=< we;s lf<a uy;a wNsudkhls'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
5
w;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk yelshdjka iy .=Kdx.
yelshd
• .dhkh
• jdokh
• rx.kh
• k¾;kh
• mß.Kl ;dlaIKh
• idys;H ks¾udK lsÍu
• úúO l%Svd yelshd
• úis;=re nvq iE§u
• l=Uqre jev
• u,a jeùu
• lEu msiSu
• lÓl;ajh
.=Kdx.
• kdhl;ajh
• ixúOdkd;aul nj
• wjxl nj
• mrd¾:ldó nj
• bjiSu
• ksy;udkslu
• úkh .rel nj
• kS;s .rel nj
• iudcdkqfhda.S nj
• iyfhda.S;dj
fï wkqj wm i;= yelshdjka iy hym;a .=Kdx. ixj¾Okfhka wmg
wd;au wNsudkhg m;a úh yels h'
wd;au wNsudkhg n,mdk idOl
wm i;=j l=uk olaI;d ;snqK o wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSfï
§ thg bjy,a jk úúO idOl we;' tAjd wNHka;r idOl yd ndysr
idOl f,i fjka l< yels h'
l%shdldrlu
wd;au wNsudkh j¾Okh i|yd mjqf,ka yd mdif,ka Tng
Þhl;ajh ,nd ÿka wjia:d ,shkak'
6fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
wNHka;r idOl ^wm ;=< f.dv k.d .; hq;= idOl&
• ;u yelshd$ fkdyelshd y÷kd .ekSu - iajhx wjfndaOh
• wd;au úYajdih
• lemùu yd Wkkaÿj ;sîu
• ;udf.a j.lSï yd hq;=lï y÷kd .ekSu iy tAjd fkdmsßfy,d bgq
lsÍu
ndysr idOl ^ ndysr iudcfhka ,efnk idOl&
• fouõmshkaf.a" .=rejrekaf.a wdo¾Yh iy WmfoaYkh
• .=rejreka" jeäysáhka foudmshka" hy¿ fhfy<shka yd Y=N
m;kakkaf.a ms<s.ekSu" uÕfmkaùu yd w.h lsÍu
• ;Hd. yd iy;sl ,nd §fuka Èßu;a lsÍu
1'3 rEmh - ch.%yKhka we.hSug ,la ùu
by; ±la jQ wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSu i|yd bjy,a jk
idOl foi mÍlaIdldÍj ne,Sfï § wm i;=j we;s yelshdj,ska hym;a
m%;sM, ,nd .ekSug kï iudc iïnkaO;d hym;aj mj;ajd .ekSu
jeo.;a nj Tng fmfkkq we;' iudc iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .ekSfï
yelshdj o by< udkj wjYH;djla jk wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd
.ekSug bjy,a fõ'
wd;au wNsudkhg m;a jQ wm wfkla whf.a wd;au wNsudkh ms<sn|j o
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' tfia u" Tjqkaf.a wd;au wNsudkhg ydks fkdjk
f,i lghq;= lsÍug o j. n,d .; hq;= h'
wmf.a nd, fidhqre fidhqßhka" ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka" ksjfia fyda mdif,a
fiajl fiaúldjkaf.a wd;au wNsudkh we;s lr .ekSug wmg o Þhl
úh yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
7
wd;au wNsudkhg ydks jk fya;=
iudcuh fya;= ;ud ;=< we;s fya;=
iudcfhka fldka lsÍu
fkdi,ld yeÍu
w.h fkdlsÍu
wkqkaf.a Woyig ,la ùu
Wiq¿ úiq¿j,g ,la ùu
ysxikhg ,la ùu
iudc úfrdaë l%shdj, fh§u
kS;s Í;s lv lsÍu
1'4 rEmh - ysxikhg ,la ùu
wd;au wNsudkfhka hq;= wh iudchg hym;la jk f,i lghq;= lr;s'
tfia u tlsfkldf.a wd;au wNsudkh ySk lrk l%shdldrlïj,ska
je<flk w;r" wka whf.a fuka u ;udf.a o wd;au wNsudkh /flk
mßÈ lghq;= lr;s'
úúO fya;=j,ska wm tlsfkldg fjkia jk w;r" iEu flfkl=g u
iqúfYaIS jQ wkkH;djla mj;S' th w.h lsÍug wm j. n,d .; hq;= h'
WÞyrK f,i ffjoHjrfhl= ;u yelshdfjka frda.Ska iqjm;a lrk
w;r" f.dú uyf;la ;u yelshdfjka rgl fmdaIK wjYH;d imqrhs'
bxðfkarefjl= ,nd fok ;dlaI‚l ±kqu m%fhdackhg f.k ld¾ñl
Ys,amSyq yd fmof¾refjda m%dfhda.slj f.dvke.s,s" md,ï jeks ks¾udK
ìys lsÍug Þhl fj;s'
1'3 j.=j
8fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
tA wkqj fï ish¨ fokd ;udg mejfrk ld¾hh id¾:lj bgq lrkafka
kï wd;au wNsudkhg m;a jk nj;a" ish¨ fokd fkdfjkiaj we.hSug
,la úh hq;= nj;a Tng meyeÈ,s jkakg we;'
idrdxYh
uQ,sl wjYH;d yd oaú;Shsl wjYH;dj,ska Tíng hñka by< udkj
wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSug W;aidy lsÍu ñksia iajNdjh hs' tA w;ßka
wd;au wNsudkh jeo.;a wjYH;djla fõ'
wmf.a iqúfYaIS olaI;d iy .=Kdx. Tma kxjd .ekSu o" we.hSug
,la ùu o wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= fjhs'
ldhsl" udkisl" iudÔh wd§ úúO wxYj,ska mqoa.,hka i;= úúO l=i,;d
wd;au wNsudkh we;s ùug fya;= fõ'
wd;au wNsudkh i|yd úúO wNHka;r idOl iy ndysr idOl n,mdhs'
wka whf.a;a" ;udf.a;a" wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk l=i,;d ixj¾Okh
i|yd úúO mshjr .; yels fõ' tfia u ;udf.a wd;au wNsudkh /l
.ekSug;a" wka whf.a wd;au wNsudkhg ydks fkdjk f,i lghq;=
lsÍug;a wms j. n,d .; hq;= fjuq'
wNHdi
1' ñksidf.a uq,sl wjYH;djka fudkjd o@
2' wdorh" iqrlaIs;;dj jeks idOl l=uk wjYH;d hg;g wh;a fõ o@
3' wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk wmf.a iqúfYaIS yelshd lsysmhla kï
lrkak'
4' wd;au wNsudkh we;s ùug n,mdk ndysr idOl fudkjd o@
5' wd;au wNsudkh imqrd .ekSu i|yd Tn ;=< f.dv k.d .; hq;=
wNHka;r idOl kï lrkak'
6' wd;au wNsudkh iys; mqoa.,hkaf.ka iudchg isÿ jk hym;
úia;r lrkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
9
2 wdpdr fm<md<s bßhõ mqyqKq fjuq
Tn mdif,a ksjdidka;r l%Svd Wf,f<ys wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhu
.uka l< wdldrh" cd;sl ksoyia Èk W;aijfha hqO" .=jka yd kdúl
yuqÞ fuka u fmd,sisfha idudðl idudðldjka wNsudkj;a wkaoñka
.uka l< ú,dih Tfí u;lhg kÕd .kak' by; wjia:d foflys u
isÿ l< bßhõ" úêu;a" tAldldÍ yd ßoauhdkql+, fuka u pu;aldrckl
o úh' Tn úoHd,fha YsIHNg lKavdhfï ßoauhdkql+, l%shdldrlï
bßhõ o fufia is;a weo.kakd iq¨ jQjd fkao@
ksjerÈ bßhõ mj;ajd .ekSu ksid Tng w;a jk hym;a m%;sM, ms<sn|j
yh yd y; fY%a‚j, § yeoEre wkaou u;l we;s fkao@ tfuka u
iSrefjka isàu" myiqfjka isàu yd is;a fia isàu jeks uQ,sl bßhõ
m%.=K lsÍug;a b|.ekSu" isg .ekSu" weú§u yd je;sÍu hk ffoksl
bßhõ ksjerÈj mj;ajd .ekSug;a Tn fï jk úg bf.k f.k we;'
fuu mdvu wjidkfha § wdpdr fm<md<shl we;=<;a úêu;a ksjerÈ
bßhõ mqreÿ-mqyqKq ùug Tng wjia:dj ,efí' tys § ksjerÈ yeÍu"
l,a ne,Su" .ufka hdu" kej;Su" iïudk ±laùu yd wdpdr fm<md<s
lKavdhula ieliSu hkdÈh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h' fuu
mdvfï § tla tla l%shdldrlï úia;rd;aulj olajd we;af;a" l%Svd msáhg
f.dia mqyqKq ùfï myiqj i|yd nj u;l ;nd .kak'
ksjerÈ yeÍu
ia:dk.; ù isák ia:dkfha u isg md weÕs,s yd ú¨U Wmfhda.s lr
.ksñka uqyqK,d isák ÈYdfjka fjk;a ÈYdjlg p,kh ùu yeÍu
hkqfjka ir,j yÿkajd Èh yels h'
10fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
úúO yeÍfï bßhõ mj;sk w;r fuu mdvfï § Tng my; i|yka
yeÍfï bßhõ y÷kd .ekSug wjia:dj ,efí'
1' jug yeÍu
2' ol=Kg yeÍu
3' wdmiq yeÍu
fuu yeÍfï wjia:d ish,a, u irUdkql+,j" úêu;aj" ßoauhlg wkqj
yd ksYaÑ; ld, mrdihla ;=< isÿ l< hq;= h' tfia u fuu iEu
bßhõjla u iSrefjka isàfï § muKla isÿ lrk nj u;l ;nd .;
hq;= h' úOdk ,nd fok .=rejrhd fyda lKvdhï kdhlhd o ksjerÈj
iSrefjka isáñka muKla wÞ< úOdk ,nd fohs'
±ka wms tla tla yeÍfï bßhõ ir,j y`ÿkd .ksuq'
1' jug yeÍu
fuhska woyia lrkafka Tn ±kg uqyqK,d isák ÈYdfjka 900la jï
me;a;g yeÍu hs' fuys § Tnf.a jï mdofha ú¨U o ol=Kq mdofha md
weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr .kS'
jug yeÍfï bßhõj my; whqßka mshjr wkqj" mqyqKq jkak'
• 2'1 rEmh mßÈ iSrefjka isák Tnf.a jïmdofha ú¨U o ol=Kq mdofha
md weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka 900la jï me;a;g yefrkak'
^2'2 rEmh&
• bka miq ol=Kq mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj
isák fia Tijkak' ^2'3 rEmh&
• wjidkfha Tijd we;s ol=Kq mdoh" iSrefjka bßhõfõ we;s jï mdoh
wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrkak' ^2'4 rEmh&
fuu l%shdldrlu isÿ lrk wjia:dfõ oE;a fkdfid,ajd YÍrh fomi
;nd .; hq;= h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
11
iSrefjka bßhõj 900la jug p,kh
ùu
ol=Kq mdoh Tijd isàu jug yereKq miq
bßhõj
l%shdldrlu
1' isõ fokd ne.ska l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka ù jrlg tla
wfhl= ne.ska kdhl;ajh f.k úOdk fok w;r b;sß ;sfokd
jug yeÍfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'
2' ;ks lKavdhula f,i mka;sfha isiqka fm< .eiS iSrefjka
isákak' udrefjka udrejg kdhlfhl= m;a ù Tyq ,nd fok
úOdkh wkqj jug yeÍfï bßhõj lr olajkak'
2' ol=Kg yeÍu
fuu bßhõfõ § isÿ jkafka Tn ±kg uqyqK ,d isák ÈYdfjka 900la
ol=Kq me;a;g yeÍu hs' tys § Tnf.a ol=Kq mdofha ú¨U o jï mdofha
md weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr f.k ol=Kg yeßh hq;= h'
ol=Kg yeÍfï bßhõj my; whqßka mshjr wkqj mqyqKq jkak'
2'1 rEmh 2'2 rEmh 2'3 rEmh 2'4 rEmh
12fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2'5 rEmfha mßÈ iSrefjka isák Tnf.a ol=Kq mdofha ú¨U o jï mdofha
md weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka 900la ol=Kq me;a;g yefrkak'
^2'6 rEmh&
• bka miq jï mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmf<djg iudka;rj isák
fia Tijkak' ^2'7 rEmh&
• wk;=rej Tijd we;s jï mdoh iSrefjka bßhõfõ we;s ol=Kq mdoh
wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrkak' ^2'8 rEmh& l%shdldrlu isÿ lrk
wjia:dfõ oE;a fkdfid,ajd Rcqj YÍrh fomi ;nd .; hq;= h'
2'5 rEmh
iSrefjka b ßhõj
2'6 rEmh
900 la ol=Kg p,kh
2'7 rEmh
jï mdoh tiùu
2'8 rEmh'
ol=Kg yereKq miq
bßhõj
l%shdldrlu
1' isõ fokd ne.ska l=vd lKavhïj,g fnfokak' tla wfhl=
ol=Kg yeÍfï úOdkh ,nd fokak' wfkla ;sfokd ol=Kg
yeÍfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'
2' mka;sfha isiqka lKvdhï follg fnÞ.kak' kdhlfhl=$
kdhsldjl m;a lr Tyqf.a$ wehf.a ol=Kg yeÍfï úOdkhg
wfkla iudðlhka tu bßhõj isÿ lrkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
13
3' wdmiq yeÍu
wdmiq yeÍu hkq Tn ±kg uqyqK,d isák ÈYdjg m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg
yeÍu hs' tys § uq,a ÈYdfjka 1800la m%;súreoaOj yeÍu isÿ fjhs' iEu
úg u wdmiq yeÍfï bßhõj ;udf.a ol=Kq miska isÿ l< hq;= nj u;l
;nd .kak'
2'9 rEmh mßÈ iSrefjka isák Tnf.a ol=Kq mdofha ú¨U o jï mdofha
md we`.s,s o wdOdrfhka 1800la ol=Kq mig yefrkak ^2'10 rEmh&'
• fuys § mdo oKysia u;ska ysr lr ^Lock& ;sìh hq;= w;r oE;a
fkdfid,ajd YÍrh fomi ;nd isàu wksjd¾h fõ'
• wk;=rej msgqmi we;s jï mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg
iudka;rj bÈßhg Tijkak ^2'11 rEmh&'
• wjidkfha Tijd we;s jï mdoh iSrefjka we;s ol=Kq mdoh wi,
fõ.fhka m;s; lrkak ^2'12 rEmh&'
2'9 rEmh
iSrefjka bßhõj2'12 rEmh
wmiq yereKq miq
bßhõj
2'10 rEmh
1800 la j,kh2'11 rEmh
wdmiq yeÍfï
fojk bßhõj
l%shdldrlu
mka;sfha ñ;=rka iu. l=vd lKavdhï idÞ .kak' tla wfhl= úiska
wdmiq yeÍfï úOdkh ,nd fokak' wfkla wh ksjerÈj tu bßhõj
isÿ lrkak' kdhlhd udre fjñka úOdkh ,nd §u isÿ lrkak' fuu
l%shdj lsysm j;djla fkdlvjd isÿ lrkak'
14fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
ksjerÈ l,a ne,Su
l,a ne,Su o ßoauhdkql+, bßhõjls' fuh" iSrefjka isàfï bßhõfõ §
zzl,a'' n,ka'''ZZ hk úOdkhg wdrïN lrhs'
• m<uqfjka jï mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj
bÈßhg Tijkak'
• iSrefjka we;s ol=Kq mdoh wi, tu mdoh ;nkak'
• tAa iu. u ol=Kq mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj
bÈßhg Tijkak'
• ti jQ ol=Kq mdoh iSrefjka we;s jï mdoh wi, ;nkak' fuu mshjr
w;r úrduhla fkd;nd laI‚lj fuh isÿ l< hq;= fõ'
• fï wdldrhg mdo fol úOdkfha ßoauh wkqj udre lrñka tiùu
yd m;s; lsÍu lrkak'
fuu bßhõj isÿ lsÍfï § o oE;a fkdfid,ajd YÍrh fomi Rcqj ;nd
.; hq;= h' oEia Rcqj bÈßhg fhduq ù ;sìh hq;= w;r l| iDcqj ;nd.;
hq;= h'
2'13 rEmh
iSrefjka bßhõj
2'14 rEmh
l,a ne,Sfï bßhõj
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
15
l,a ne,Sfï § kej;Su
l,a n,ñka isák mqoa.,fhl=g fyda lKavdhulg ,efnk zzkj;Ska'''ZZ
hk úOdkhg isÿ lrk bßhõj fuhska woyia flf¾' zzkj;SkaZZ hk
úOdkh ,efnkqfha ol=Kq mdoh fmdf<dfõ jÈkjd;a iu.hs'
• mj;ajdf.k wd ßoauh wkqj jï mdoh Tijd kej; ìu m;s; lrkak'
• ol=Kq mdofha oKysi kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj o weÕs,s
;=vq fmdf<djg o fhduq jk fia Tijd iSrefjka we;s jï mdoh
wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrkak'
l%shdldrlu
;sfokd ne.ska fyda l=vd lKavdhï jYfhka fjka jkak' tla
wfhl= l,a ne,Sfï yd kej;Sfï úOdkh ,nd fokak' wfkla wh
l,a ne,Sfï bßhõj yd kej;Sfï bßhõj ksjerÈj mqyqKq jkak'
mka;sfha ish¨ u <uqka fm<g isg .kak' tla wfhl= úiska
rndkla fyda fjk;a NdKavhlska ßoauhdkql+, jQ Yíohla ,nd
fok úg tu ßoauh wkqj l,a n,kak'
2'15 rEmh
l,a ne,Sfï § kej;Su
2'16 rEmh
iSrefjka bßhõj
16fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
ksjerÈj .ufka hdu
.ufka hdu hkq weú§fï bßhõj" tAldldÍj" ßoauhdkql+,j" úOdkhlg
isÿ lrk wjia:djls' iuQyhla jYfhka .ufka hdfï § ish¨ fokdf.a u
oE;a yd mdo tl u ßoauhlg p,kh lsÍula isÿ fõ' .ufka hdfï m%Odk
m%fNao folls'
1' YS>% .ufka hdu ^quick march&2' fifuka .ufka hdu ^slow march&
wm fuys § YS>% .ukfha hdu mqyqKq lruq' tA wkqj"
;ksj fyda lKavdhula jYfhka iSrefjka isák bßhõfõ § zz.ufka '''
hd'''ZZ hk úOdkhg .ufka hdu wdrïN lrhs'
• zzjuZZ kue;s úOdkh ,efnkjd;a iu.u jï mdoh bÈßhg úo m<uqj
ú¨U ìu m;s; lrkak'
• wk;=rej tu mdofha we`.s,sj,g meñfKkak'
• tA iu.ska u iSrefjka bßhõfõ mej;s ol=Kq w; bÈßhg yd Wrysia
uÜgñka fmdf<djg iudka;rj È. yßkak'
2'17 rEmh
.ufka hd''''ju lshQ úg bßhõj
2'18 rEmh
ol=K lshQ úg bßhõj
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
17
• jï w; È. yer yels ;dla msgq mig p,kh lrkak ^2'17 rEmh&'
• zzol=KZZ hkqfjka lshk úg msgq mi we;s ol=Kq mdoh m<uqj ú¨fUka
o wk;=rej md weÕs,sj,ska o bÈßhg ;nkak'
• msgq mi we;s jï w; Wrysi uÜgu olajd Tijd fmdf<djg iudka;rj
bÈßhg p,kh lrkak'
• bÈßfha mej;s ol=Kq w; È. yer yels ;dla msgq mig p,kh lrkak
^2'18 rEmh&'
fï wdldrhg úreoaO w; yd mdoh bÈßhg yd msgqmig p,kh lrñka
fuu l%shdj wLKavj isÿ lrk úg .ufka hdfï bßhõj isÿ fõ'
.ufka hdfï bßhõfõ § l| Rcqj ;nd .; hq;= w;r" bÈßh n,d .uka
l< hq;= h' fuys § mshjr w;r ÿr ^miq mdofha ú¨U fl<jr isg bÈß
mdofha weÕs,s ;=vqj, fl<jr olajd& w`.,a 30la muK ùu m%udKj;a h'
.ufka hdfï § kej;Su
fuh .ufka hk wjia:dfõ zzkj;Ska'''''ZZ hk úOdkh ,enqKq miqj isÿ
lrk ßoauhdkql+, bßhõjls' .ufka hdu isÿ jk wjia:dfõ jï mdofha
ú¨U fmdf<dfõ iam¾Y ùu;a iu. zzkj;SkaZZ hk úOdkh ,efí'
idudkH .ufka ßoauh mj;ajd .ksñka ol=Kq mdofhka idudkH mshjrla
bÈßhg ;nkak'
• idudkH mßÈ oE;a bÈßhg yd msgq mig p,kh lrkak'
• wk;=rej jï mdofhka flá mshjrla bÈßhg ;nk w;r p,kh
fjñka mej;s oE;a YÍrh fomi iSrefjka ;nkak'
• ol=Kq mdofha l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj bÈßhg Tijd iSrefjka
we;s jï mdoh wi, m;s; lrkak' kej;Su wjidkfha ksjerÈ
iSrefjka bßhõfõ isák nj ±l .; yels h'
1' isõ fokd ne.ska l=vd lKavdhïj,g fnfokak' rEmfha
wdldrhg ;ks fm<lg ;sfofkl= isg .kak' b;sß YsIHhdf.a
úOdk wkqj uq,a ;sfokd .ufka hdu yd kej;Su isÿ lrkak'
xxxx kdhlhd
l%shdldrlu
18fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' mka;sfha ish¨ fokd lKavdhï follg fjka jkak' m<uqj
kdhlhdf.a úOdkh wkqj .ufka hdu yd kej;Su mqreÿ jkak'
wk;=rej kdhlhd úiska rndkla" fnrhla fyda fíia v%ï
^Base Drum& jeks WmlrKhlska ksl=;a flfrk ßoauhdkql+,
Yíohg wkqj .ufka hdfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'
wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ksjerÈj ieliSu
ksjdidka;r l%Svd Wf,f<ys wjidk wx.h wdpdr fm<md<sh hs' m%Odk
wdrdê; wuq;a;d we;=¿ msßig ;u ksjdifha" úoHd,fha f.!rjh ±laùfï
ixfla;hla f,i fuu iduQysl bßhõj isÿ lrhs' fuys § isÿ lrk
ßoauhdkql+, bßhõ rgd tAldldÍj m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i`oyd ukd mqyqKqjla
wjYH fõ' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ieliSu ms<s.;a mshjr wkqj isÿ
l< hq;= h'
mdi,a wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhulg tys kdhlhd o we;=¿j Wmßuh
úismia fofkls' fuh LKavh" lKavdhu" >kh hk jpkj,ska o
y`ÿkajk w;r bx.%sisfha § th Platoon jYfhka y÷kajhs' fm<md<s
lKavdhula tla fm<lg wg fokd ne.ska Èla fma<ss ;=klska o tla
fm<lg ;=ka fokd ne.ska flá fma<s wglska o iukaú; h'
kdhlhd
Èla fma<s
flá fma<s
2'19 rEmh
xx x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ilia lsÍfï § wkq.ukh lrk mshjr
yd ,nd Èh hq;= úOdkfha iajNdjh Tfí wu;r ±kqu i|yd 2'1 j.=fõ
olajd we;' t<suykg f.dia" Tfí .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a Wmfoia
wkqj tu bßhõ mqyqKq jkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
19
2'1 j.=j - wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ieliSfï mshjr
mshjr
wxl
bßhõj úOdkh l%shd;aul iajrEmh
1 ;ks fm< ie§u lKavdhu ;ks
fm<''' ioka
^kdhlhd
lKavdhug
uqyqK ,d
bÈßfhka isg
úOdkh ,nd
fohs'&
lKavdhug wh;a YsIHhka
fyda YsIHdjka 24 fokd
^kdhlhd yer& w;ßka Wiska
jeä flkdf.a isg Wi
wvq flkd olajd Wrysfia
.Efjk fkd.Efjk f,i
Wfia ms<sfj<g ol=fKa
isg jug ;ks fm<laj isg
.ekSu
^2'20 rEmh&
2 iSrefjka isàu iSrefjka isàka'' ksjerÈ iSrefjka bßhõjg
meñŒu
^2'20 rEmh&
3 ol=‚ka .Kka
lsÍu
ol=‚ka''
.Ks''ka''
ol=Kq uQ,slf.ka wrïN lr
tfla isg 24 olajd ms<sfj<g
Yío k.d .Kka lsÍu'
;udg ysñ wxlh u;l
;nd .; hq;= w;r T;af;a
brÜfÜ fjki ms<sn|j o
ie,ls,a, fhduq l< hq;= h'
4 fofm< ie§u T;af;a ixLHd
mshjrla bÈßhg
o brÜfÜ
ixLHd mshjrla
msgqmig o fma<s
bÈßhg yd
msgqmig''' hd''
fuys § 1"3"5"7"9'''' jeks
T;af;a wxl ysñ YsIHhka
;udf.a jï mdoh mshjrla
bÈßhg ;nhs' wk;=rej ol=Kq
mdoh" l<jd fmdf<djg
iudka;r jk f,i bÈßhg
Tijd iSrefjka we;s jï mdoh
wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrhs'
20fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mshjr
wxl
bßhõj úOdkh l%shd;aul iajrEmh
tfia u 2"4"6"8"10''' jeks
brÜfÜ wxl ysñ YsIHhka
;udf.a jï mdoh mshjrla msgq
mig ;nhs' wk;=rej ol=Kq
mdoh" l<jd fmdf<djg
iudka;r jk f,i bÈßhg
Tijd iSrefjka we;s jï
mdoh wi, fõ.j;aj m;s;
lrhs'
^2'21 rEmh&
5 fma<s jYfhka
ol=Kg yd
jug yeÍu
;=ka fm< ie§u
i`oyd'''' .ufka
''' hd'''
bÈß fma<sfha ol=Kq uQ,slhd
fkdfi,a ù tA whqßka u isáh
§ bÈß fma<sfha wfkl=;a
ish¨ fokd ol=Kg yeÍfï
bßhõjg wkqj 900la ol+Kq
mig yeÍu
miq fma<sfha ish¨ u fokd
uq, § bf.k .;a jug
yeÍfï bßhõjg wkqj
900la jï mig yeÍu
^2'22 rEmh&
6 ;=ka fm< ie§u ol=Kq uq,sl
fkdief,ka''
fmr fm<
ol=Kg;a miq
fm< jug;a
fma<s ol=Kg yd
jug yefrka'''
fmr fma<sfha uq,slhd bÈßh n,d fkdfi,a ù isà'fmr fma<sfha yd miq fm< wfkl=;a ish¨fokd tlsfkld miqmi ksjerÈ .ufka hdfï bßhõj wkq.ukh lrñka bÈßhg hhs' tys § fmr fm< fojekshd fkdie,S isák uQ,slhdgmsgqmiska mshjrl ÿßka isg .kS'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
21
Tyqg tla mshjrla ÿßka f;jekakd isg .kS' Tyq isg .;a miq Tyqf.a zzwmaZZ hk úOdkhg jug yeÍu u.ska fmruqKg yefrhs' fï jk úg fma<s ;=kla iE§u wdrïN ù we;' wfkl=;a idudðlfhda wkqms<sfj<g tu fma<s wdjrKh jk fia flá fma<sj,g f.dia isg .ks;s'^2'23 rEmh&
;=ka fm<la iys; wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhu ie§ wjika jQ miq Wiska
jeä <uqka fomig;a" ñá <uqka ueog;a isák fia V wl=rl yevh .kS'
^2'24 rEmh&
2'21 rEmh - fo fm< ieoSu
2'20 rEmh - ;ks fm< ieoSu
x x x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
22fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
x x x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x
2'22 rEmh - fma<s jYfhka ol=Kg yd jug yeÍu
3 x x x x x x x x x x x x 2
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
x x x x x x x x x x x x x1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2'23 rEmh - ;=ka fm< ie§u i|yd .ufka hdu
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 242 5 8 11 14 17 20 231 4 7 10 13 16 19 22
2'24 rEmh - ;=ka fm< ieÿKq fm<md,s lKavdhu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
23
fm<md<s lKavdhul ÈYd y`ÿkd .ekSu
fm<md<s lKavdhula jYfhka bßhõ m%o¾Ykh lsÍfï § úOdk ,nd
§ug;a ksjerÈj bßhõ ±laùug;a ÈYd ms<sno wjfndaOh Tng jeo.;a fõ'
tA wkqj wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhul m%Odk ÈYd y;r y÷kd .ksuq'
1' fmruqK (- lKavdhu iE§u wdrïN lrk wjia:dfõ ;ks
fm<la f,i bÈßh n,d isák ÈYdjhs' fndfyda
wjia:dj, lKavdhï kdhlhd isákafka fmruqfKahs'
2' ol=K (- bÈßh fyj;a fmruqK ÈYdj n,d isáh § ;u
ol=Kq w; msysgk me;a; ol=Kq ÈYdjhs'
3' ju (- bÈßh fyj;a fmruqK ÈYdj n,d isáh § ;u jï
w; msysgk me;a; jï ÈYdjhs'
4' miqmi (- bÈßh fyj;a fmruqK ÈYdjg 1800 m%;súreoaO ÈYdj
miqmi kñka y÷kajhs'
l%shdldrlu
iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï iE§ udrefjka udrejg lKavdhï
kdhlfhl= m;a lrkak' ;ks fm< iE§fï isg ;=ka fm< iE§u
olajd ksjerÈ úOdk ,nd fokak' .=rejrhdf.a wëlaIKh u;
;=ka fm< iE§fï bßhõ mqreÿ jkak'
jug jla ù .ufka hdu
jug jlaA ùu hkq lKavdhula fyda flá fma<s lSmhla tAldldÍj .uka
lrk úg iDcq yeÍula isÿ fkdlr" ;udf.a jï w; me;a;g jla fjñka
.uk bÈßhg lrf.k hduhs' Odjk m:hl jl% m%foaYfha .uka lrk
úg fuu bßhõj wksjd¾hfhka l< hq;= fõ'
24fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
idudkHfhka .ufka hdfï bßhõfõ isáh § zz '''''' jug'''' jlaZZ hk
úOdkh ,efí' fuys § .ufka ßoaufha fjkila isÿ fkdlr ;udf.a jï
w; foig jl% ù ßoauhdkql+, yeÍula isÿ fõ'
fuu bßhõfõ § we;=¿ fma<sh flá mshjrla o" ueo fma<sh Bg È.=
mshjrla o" msg; fma<sh Bg;a È.= mshjrla o ;nñka fÞrla jefik
wdldrhg rgdjlg .uka l< hq;= h' ^2'25 rEmh&
2'25 rEmh - jug jla ù .ufka hdu
l%shdldrlu
ksjerÈ úOdkj,g wkqj jug jla ù .ufka hdfï bßhõj
mqreÿ jkak'
iïudk olajñka .ufka hdu
.ufka hdfï bßhõj isÿ lrk úg mSÀldj u; isák m%Odk wdrdê;
wuq;a;d yd úÿy,am;sg ;u lKavdhfï wdpdrh olajñka .uk
fkdkj;ajd lrf.k hEu fuu bßhõfõ § isÿ flf¾'
fuu bßhõj i|yd" Tn lKavdhug zz .ufka § iïudk ''''''' ol=K'''''''''
n,ka'''''''''ZZ f,i úOdkh ,efí'
tfia úOdkh ,efnkafka .ufka hdu bßhõfõ isák Tnf.a jï mdoh
bÈßfhka fmdf<dfõ jÈkjd;a iu. h'
• tys § ol=Kq mdofhka idukH mshjrla bÈßhg ;nkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
25
• kej; jï mdoh ;nkjd;a iu. u bÈßh n,d isá ysi fn,af,ka
900la iïmQ¾Kfhka ol=Kq mig yrjd n,ñka .uk fkdkj;ajd
isÿ lrkak'
fuys § miq fm< ol=Kq uQ,slhd iDcqj bosßh n,df.k .ufka hk
w;r fiiq ish¨ idudðlhka 900 la ol=Kq foig;a 450 la by<skq;a n,d
mSÀldfõ isák m%N+kag wdpdr olajñka .uka l< hq;= h'
• mSÀldj miq l< úg" miq fm< wjika idudðlhd úiska ,nd fok
zzfmrg ''' n,ka''' ZZ hk úOdkhg fmrg ne,Su isÿ lrkak'
2'26 rEmh - iïudk olajñka .ufka hdu
l%shdldrlu
mka;sfha ish¨ u <uqkaf.ka wdpdr fm<md<ss lKavdhula
iokak' tla wfhl= úOdkh ,nd fok w;r iïudk olajñka
.ufka hdfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'
idrdxYh
;ksj fyda iduQyslj" lsishï úOdkhlg wkqj bßhõ isÿ lsÍfï rgd
mj;S' fïjd isÿ lsÍug ksYaÑ; ld,hla" ßoauhla we;s w;r tAldldÍ
njlska o hqla; fõ'
tl u ia:dkhl §" uqyqK,d isák ÈYdfjka fjk;a ÈYdjlg p,kh ùu
yeÍuhs' jug yeÍu" ol=Kg yeÍu" wdmiq yeÍu wd§ f,i úúO yeÍfï
bßhõ mj;S'
26fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l,a ne,Su" l,a ne,Sfï § kej;Su" .ufka hdu" .ufka § kej;Su hk
bßhõ o ksjerÈj isÿ l< hq;= fõ'
iïu; wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ilia lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;=
ms<s.;a wkql%ñl rgdjla fuka u ms<s.;a úOdk l%ufõohla o ;sfí' ;ks
fm< ie§u" iSrefjka isàu" ol=‚ka .uka lsÍu" fofm< ie§u" fma<s
jYfhka ol=Kg yd jug yeÍu" ;=ka fm< iE§u hk mshjrhka wkqj
fuys wkql%ñl rgdjla ±l .; yels h'
fmruqK" ju" ol=K yd miqmi f,i fm<md<s lKavdhul ÈYd y;rla
mj;S' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula jug jla ù .ufka hdu iy iïudk
olajñka .ufka hdu hk bßhõ o ksjerÈj m%.=K l< hq;= fõ'
fndfyda wjia:dj, yuqÞuh irU iajrEmhla mj;akd fuu bßhõ mqreÿ
mqyqKq ùu ;=< wmf.a ffoksl .uka ú,di yd bßhõ o l%udkql+, lr
.; yels h'
wNHdi 1' Tn bf.k.;a m%Odk yeÍfï bßhõ ;=k kï lrkak'
2' tu bßhõ ksjerÈj lr olajkak'
3' ksjerÈ l,ane,Sfï bßhõj isÿ lrkak'
4' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ieliSfï mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska kï
lrkak'
5' fm<md<ss lKvdhul ÈYd ljf¾±hs rEm igyka weiqßka fmkajd
fokak'
6' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula .ufka hdfï § iïudk ±laùfï
bßhõj ksjerÈj lr olajkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
27
3 fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ fhfouq
mkaÿjla Ndú; lrñka lrk fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdj b;du;a wvq úhoulska
l=vd bvla ;=< l< yels h' tla ms,lg l%Svlhka fÞf<dia fofkl=
we;=<;a jqj;a jrlg yh fofkl=g muKla l%Svd l< yels fuu l%Svdj
Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl l%Svdjhs'
fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ tk mkaÿj msßkeóu" mkaÿj ,nd .ekSu" mkaÿj
tiùu" m%ydrh" je<elaùu" msáh /lSu hk olaI;d Tn y; fY%a‚fha
§ y÷kdf.k we;' tmuKla fkdj Tn miq.sh jif¾ § msßkeóu yd
,nd .ekSu hk olaI;d foflys há w;a msßkeóu yd há w;a ,nd
.ekSu m%dfhda.slj o bf.k f.k we;'
fuu fY%a‚fha § mkaÿ msßkeófï ;j;a l%uhla jk Wvq w;a msßkeóu
yd mkaÿ tiùug jeämqr u Ndú; jk Wvq w;a tiùu m%dfhda.slj
bf.k .ksuq'
fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdj y`ÿkd .ksuq
3'1 rEmh - fjd,sfnda,a l%Svd msáh
9 mmiq
l,dmh
ueo f¾Ldjmsßkeófï f¾Ldj
m%ydrl f¾LdjbÈß
l,dmh
6 m3 m
28fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ fhfok wjia:d wm fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKhg ,la l<
fyd;a tu l%Svdjg iqúfYaIS jQ ßoauhla ±lsh yels h'
• m<uqj tla ms,la úiska msßkuk ,o fnda,h m%;súreoaO msf,a l%Svlhka
úiska ,nd .ekSu'
• ,nd .kakd ,o fnda,h tu msf,a u l%Svlhka úiska Tijd §u
• tu Tijk mkaÿjg tu msf,a l%Svlfhl= úiska u myr fokq ,eîu
• tu myr fok mkaÿj ;u ms,g fkdtk fia m%;súreoaO msf,a l%Svlhka
úiska j<lajkq ,eîu
• j<lajd,k ,o fnda,h f.dv .ekSu
• Tijd §u
• myr §u je<elaùu
by; ±la jQ mßÈ fnda,h m;s; jk ;=re tu ßoauh mj;ajd f.k hkq
wmg ±lsh yels h'
Wvq w;a msßkeóu (Over arm service)
l%shdldrlu
fjd,sfnda,hla f.k fjd,sfnda,a l%Svd msáhg f.dia Tnf.a
hy¿fjl=f.a iydh o ,nd f.k l%Svd msáfha me;s fofla
±, wi,g meñK mkaÿj ysig by<ska hk fia msßkukak'
l%ufhka ÿr jeä lrñka fuu l%shdldrlu lrkak'
Wvq w;a msßkeófï Ys,amSh l%uh
Tn y; fY%a‚fha § W.;a há w;a msßkeóu fuka u Wvq w;a msßkeóu
o bf.kSfï myiqj i|yd mshjr lsysmhla hgf;a úia;r l< yels h'
Wvq w;a
msßkeóu
mkaÿj iam¾Yhg fmr wjia:dj
mkaÿj iam¾Y lrk wjia:dj
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
29
A B C D E
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍug fmr wjia:dj
• bÈßh n,d isg .kak'
• kqyqre w; È. yer mkaÿj w;a, u; ;nd .kak'
• tu w; me;af;a mdoh u|la bÈßfhka ;nd .kak'
• YÍrfha nr miq mdohg fhduq jk fia isg .kak' ^3'2 A rEmh&
• myr fok w; je<ñfgka kud ysig msgqmi by<ska ;nd .kak'
^3'2 B rEmh&
mkaÿj iam¾Y lrk wjia:dj
• mkaÿj ;udg myiq m%udKhg Wv oukak'
• myr fok w; fõ.fhka bÈßhg f.k tñka mkaÿfõ ueog w;af,ka
myr fokak'
• myr fok úg w; È. yer ;sìh hq;= h'
^3'2,C,D rEm&
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj
• myr ÿka w; YÍrh bÈßfhka my<g f.k tkak'
• miq mdoh bÈßhg f.k tafuka YÍrfha iunr;dj /l .kak'
^3'2 E rEmh&
3'2 rEmh - Wvq w;a msßkeóu
30fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a iydh ,nd f.k tla tla wjia:dfõ
§ isÿ jk l%shdjka m%dfhda.slj l%shdjg k.kak' tA i`oyd fuu msßkeófï
Ys,amSh l%u ±lafjk mska;+r o ksÍlaIKh lr n,kak'
Tn ksoyfia Wvq w;a msßkeóu l< wdldrh yd fuu Ys,amSh l%uh w;r
we;s fjki y÷kd .kak' tA wkqj fuu Ys,amSh l%uh Ndú;hg W;aidy
.kak'
Wvq w;a msßkeóu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï
1' fjd,sfnda,a ±, wä myla muK Wig isák fia ilia lrkak'
l%Svd msáfha fomi isg ±,g by<ska hk fia" ksjerÈ Ys,amSh
l%uhg Wvq w;a msßkeóu isÿ lrkak'
l%ufhka ±f,a Wi wä wgla olajd jeä lrñka tu l%shdldrlu
kej; kej; lrkak'
2' fjd,sfnda,hla iu. ì;a;shla wi,g hkak'
fmdf<dfõ isg wä 8la muK by<ska jk fia ì;a;sfha i,l=Kq
lsysmhla fhdokak'
bka miq i,l=Kqj, jÈk fia ì;a;sh wdikakfhka óg¾ 5la muK
ÿrlska isg fnda,hg myr fokak'
óg¾ 10 olajd ÿr l%ufhka jeä lrñka Wvq w;a l%uhg fnda,hg myr
fokak'
3'3 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
31
3'4 rEmh
wä 8
tla tla i:dkfha § fnda,hg myr Èh hq;= fõ.h yd myr fok wf;ys
l=uk m%foaYhlska fnda,hg myr Èh hq;= ±hs y÷kd .kak'
Wvq w;a tiùu (volley pass)fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ oS m%ydrh i`oyd fnda,h Tijd Èh hq;= h'
tA i|yd há w;a tiùu yd Wvq w;a tiùu Ndú; flf¾' há w;a tiùu
(Dig Pass) Tn 7 fY%aKsfha § W.;a há w;a ,nd .ekSfï Ys,amSh l%uhg
iudk fõ' Tijd §u i|yd jvd;a myiq yd úYajdiS l%uh jkafka Wvq
w;a tiùu hs' (Volley Pass)
l%shdldrlu
Bounce l< fnda,fha hg me;af;ka oE; u Wmfhda.S lrf.k
w,a,d th by<g hjkak' fnda,h ìug jeàug fkd§ ysig by<
§ fnda,h hg me;af;ka w,a,d by<g hjkak' fuh fkdlvjd
fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak' fnda,h we,a,Sfï § w;a, wyi foig
yrjd ;nd .kak'
Tnf.a hy¿fjl=f.a Woõ ,ndf.k hy¿jd iu. fnda,h
we,a,Su yd heùu lrkak' iEu úgl u fnda,h we,a,Su
fnda,fha m;=,ska oE; u úysÞ l< hq;= nj is;kak' fuu
l%shdldrlu fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak' fnda,h we,a,Sfï
§ ysig by<ska oEf;a w;a, wyi foig yrjd ;nkak'
1.
2.
32fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
Wvq w;a tiùfï Ys,amSh l%uh
Wvq w;a l%uhg mkaÿj tiùfï § o wjia:d ;=kla hgf;a th yeoEßh
yels fõ'
Wvq w;a tiùu
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍug fmr wjia:dj
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfï wjia:dj
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍug fmr wjia:dj
3'5 rEmh
3'6 rEmh
• fomd Wrysia m<,g iudkj fyda u|la
m<,a jk fia ;nd iunrj isg .kak'
• oKysia u|la kjd YÍrh my<g f.k
tkak'
• l| iDcqj ;nd .kak'
• fo w;aj, uymgeÕs,s yd on/Õs,s
;%sfldaKdldr yevhlg isák fia
weÕs,s ,sys,aj" mkaÿj yiq jk m%udKhg
f.da,dldr yevhlg ;nd .kak'
• ue‚la lgq ikaê ,sys,aj ;nd .kak'
• tfia ilid .;a fo w;a k<,g u|la
by<ska ;nd .kak'
• fo w;a uymgeÕs,s yd on/Õs,s w;ßka
oEia mkaÿj fj; fhduq lrkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
33
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfï wjia:dj
• j<¨lr" oKysia" Wl=," je<ñg yd
ue‚lalgq ikaê È. yßñka YÍrh
by<g Tijñka oEf;a weÕs,s ;=vq
wdOdrfhka mkaÿj by<g fhduq lrkak
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj
• oE;a ,sys,a lrñka mkaÿj .uka lrk
ÈYdjg È. yßkak'
• mdo È. yßñka YÍrh by<g fhduq lrkak'
• mdohla fmrg ;nd YÍrfha iunr;dj
/l .kak'
Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a iydh ,ndf.k fï tla tla
wjia:djka m%dfhda.slj l%shdjg k.kak'
Wvq w;a tiùu mqyqKqj i`oyd l%shdldrlï
1' fjd,sfnda,hla fyda fjk;a wdfoaYl fnda,hla f.k ìu ;nd fnda,h
uqÿk; ±;ska w,a,d fmdf<dj u;g .ikak'
fnda,h by<g toa§ oEf;a weÕs,s Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka kej; kej;
ìu .ikak ^Bounce lrkak&'
by; l%shdldrlfï § fuka ìu .id by<g tk fnda,h weÕs,s ;=vq
Wmfhda.S lrf.k hy¿jd fj;g hjkak'
fuu l%shdldrlu fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak'
3'8 rEmh
3'7 rEmh
34fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' fjd,sfnda,hla f.k ì;a;shla wi,g hkak'
fmdf<dfõ isg wä 10la muK by<ska i,l=Kla fhdokak'
ì;a;shg óg¾ 4la fyda 5 wE;ska isg" i,l=Kqj, jÈk fia fnda,h
weÕs,s ;=vqj,ska hjkak'
fuh fkdkj;ajd fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak'
mkaÿj msßkeóug iy mkaÿj tiùug wod< kS;s Í;s
• mkaÿj msßkeóu ix×jg isÿ l< hq;= h
• mkaÿj Wv oud ;;amr wgla ;=< msßkeóu isÿ l< hq;= h
• msßkeófï f¾Ldj iam¾Y fkdl< hq;= h
• tiùfï § mkaÿj wf;a /`§ ;sìh fkdyels h
• mkaÿj w,a,d úis lsÍug fkdyels h
• tiùfï § mkaÿj tla jrlg jvd wf;a iam¾Y fkdúh hq;= h
idrdxYh
Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl l%Svdj jk fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdj wvq úhoulska yd wvq
bv lvla ;=< l< yels l%Svdjls' fuu l%Svdj olaI;d lsysmhla u;
mokïj ;sfnk w;r fuys ßoauhla ±l .; yels h'
fuu l%Svdfõ olaI;d w;ßka mkaÿj msßkeóu i|yd fhdÞ .kakd Wvq
w;a msÍkeófï Ys,amSh l%uh mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍug fmr wjia:dj" mkaÿj
iam¾Y lrk wjia:dj iy mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj hk
wjia:dj,ska meyeÈ,s l< yels h'
mkaÿj tiùu isÿ lrk wdldr fol f,i há w;a tiùu iy Wvq w;a
tiùu ±laúh yels fõ' Wvq w;a tiùfï Ys,amSh l%uh o bf.kSfï myiqj
i|yd tiùug iqÞkï ùfï wjia:dj" mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfï wjia:dj"
mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj f,i fldgia ;=klska yeoEÍug
yels fõ'
fuu Ys,amSh l%u m%.=K lsÍu i|yd Tn úúO l%shdldrlïj, ksr; úh
hq;=hs'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
35
wNHdi 1' Wvq w;a msßkeóu mqyqKqj i|yd Ndú; l< yels l%shdldrlï folla
lr fmkajkak
2' Wvq w;a tiùfï Ys,amSh l%ufha we;s wjia:d ;=fkys § isÿ jk mshjr
tlska tl lr fmkajkak
3' fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ ßoauh ±lafjk my; i|yka rEmfha ysia;eka
mqrjkak' msßkeóu
36fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
4 fkÜfnd,a l%Svdfõ ksr; fjuq
ixúOdkd;aul l%Svd w;ßka ldka;djka w;r ckm%sh l%Svdjla f,i
fkÜfnda,a l%Svdj ye¢kaúh yels h' l=vd bvla ;=<" kshñ; ld,
iSudjlg hg;aj lS%äldjka 14 fofkl= tlsfkldf.a fkd.Eù Tn fudn
ÿjñka lrk fuu lS%vdj is;a.kakd iq¨h'
y; fY%A‚fha § fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfõ tk mkaÿ md,kh" mdo yqrej"
wdl%uKh" je<elaùu iy ú§u hk olaI;d y÷kd.;a Tn mdo yqrej
ms<sn| oekqu o" th l%Svdmsáfha § mqyqKq jk wdldrh ms<sn|j m%dfhda.slj
w;a±lSï o ,nd f.k we;'
fuu fY%a‚fha § fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfjys ksr; ùug wjYH olaI;djla jk
mkaÿ md,kh i|yd ksjerÈj mkaÿj .%yKh" mkaÿ heùu" úis lsÍug
yd mkaÿj we,a,Sug bf.k .ksñka úúO mkaÿ heùfï l%u ms<sn|j o
l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .ksuq'
mkaÿj ksjerÈj .%yKh lsÍu
fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfõ § fkÜfnda,h oE;ska .%yKh lsÍug yqre úh hq;= h'
tA i|yd my; l%shdldrlu l%Svd msáfha § isÿ lrkak'
l%shdldrlu
mkaÿj ;ud bÈßfhka mdo wi,ska ìu ;nkak' oE;aj, we`.s,s
úysÿjkak' udmg we`.s,s fol ;rula wdikak jk f,i <x
lrkak' udmgwe`.s,s yd w;a fofla we`.s,s úysÿjd bÈßmig
È.= lr W yevhg w;a fol ;nd .kak' tu yevhg oE;a
;nd keù mkaÿj w,a,kak' mkaÿj ksjerÈj w,a,d l| fl<ska
lrkak' fuu bßhõj ksjerÈj mqyqKq jkak' ^4'1 rEmh&
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
37
4'1 rEmh - mkaÿj ksjerÈj .%yKh
mkaÿj ksjerÈj heùu ^úis lsÍu&
l%shdldrlu
l%Svdmsáfha § hy¿jka iu. ksoyfia mkaÿj úis lsÍug;a
we,a,Sug;a mqyqKq jkak' fuys § mkaÿj úis lsÍu ;ks w;ska
yd oE;ska isÿ lrkak'
4'2 rEmh - mkaÿj ksjerÈj heùu
38fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mkaÿj heùfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq
Tn fï mdvfï § bf.k .kakd ish¨ u heùï l%uj, § YÍrh iunrj
;nd .ekSug my; lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ'
• mkaÿj úis lsÍu wdrïNfha §" ;ks w;ska fyda oE;ska mkaÿj f.k
yqre mdoh msgqmiska ;nkak'
• YÍrfha nr miq mdohg fhduq lrkak'
• mkaÿj hjk ÈYdjg oEia fhduq lrkak'
• ;ks w;ska mkaÿj hjkafka kï ksoyia w; ieye,a¨ f,i u|la
bÈßhg È.= lrkak'
• mkaÿj bÈßhg úis lrkak'
• mkaÿj heùfï § miq mdofha ;snQ isref¾ nr bÈßmdohg udre lrñka
YÍrh iunr lr .kak'
fufia Tn fj; tjk mkaÿj w,a,d .ekSu o ksjerÈj isÿ l< hq;= h'
mkaÿj we,a,Sfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq
• mkaÿj we,a,Sfï §" tla mdohla bÈßhg ;nd YÍrfha nr bÈßhg
fhduq lr mkaÿj tk ÈYdjg oE;a È.= lrkak'
• mkaÿj oE;ska u we,a,Su;a iu. th ;ud foig weo.ksñka bÈß
mdofha ;snq YÍrfha nr miq mdohg udre lrñka YÍrh iunr lr
.kak'
• mkaÿj ,nd.ekSfï § ksjerÈj mkaÿj .%yKh lsÍu jeo.;a h'
mkaÿ heùfï l%u
fuu l%Svdfõ § mkaÿ heùu ;ks w;ska fyda oE;ska isÿ l< yels h'
mkaÿj r`ojd .kakd ia:dkh yd mkaÿj heùfï § w;a Ndú;h wkqj mkaÿ
heùfï úúO l%u ks¾udKh ù we;'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
39
mkaÿ heùfï l%u
;ks w;ska mkaÿj heùfï l%u
• Wrysia hejqu
Shoulder Pass• Wrysig by<ska hejqu
Lob Pass/ Highshoulder Pass• fymamd hejqu
Bounce Pass• há w;a hejqu
Under arm Pass
oE;ska mkaÿj heùfï l%u
• mmqjg fl<ska hejqu
Chest Pass• ysig by<ska hejqu
Over head Pass• me;s hejqu
Side Pass• fymamd hejqu
Bounce Pass
;ks w;ska mkaÿ heùfï l%u
1' Wrysia hejqu
mkaÿj Wrysig wdikakj ;nd .kakd ksid fuh
Wrysia hejqu f,i kï lrhs'
Wrysia hejqu mqyqKq ùug my; mshjr wkq.ukh
lrkak'
• mkaÿj iys; w; Wrysig wdikakj ;nd
.kak'
• Wrysia uÜgñka mkaÿj bÈßhg hjkak'
Tn by; § bf.k .;a mßÈ YÍrh iunr lr
.kak'
fufia hefjk mkaÿj we,a,Sfï § Tn l,ska bf.k .;a lreKq wkqj
YÍrfha iunr;dj /l .ekSug lghq;= lrkak'
4'3 rEmh
40fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' Wrysig by<ska hejqu
fuu hejqï l%ufha § mkaÿj hjkakd yd ,nd
.kakd w;r m%foaYfha § mkaÿj Wrysig by<ska
ljdldrj .uka lrhs' fuu hejqu l%Svdmsáfha §
my; mshjr wkqj mqyqKq jkak'
• mkaÿj yqre w;g .kak'
• mkaÿj iys; w; Wrysig by<ska u|la
miqmig f.k ;nd .kak'
• Wrysia uÜgug by<ska ljdldr yevhla
f.k fok wdldrhg mkaÿj bÈßhg
hjkak'
• mkaÿj heùfï § o" we,a,Sfï § o l,ska
bf.k .;a mßÈ YÍrh iunrj mj;ajd .kak'
Wrysia hejqu iy Wrysig by<ska hejqu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï
mka;sfha hy¿jka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnfokak'
iEu lKavdhula u fma<shla ne.ska idÞ .kak'
fma<sj, kdhlhka óg¾ 5l muK ÿßka bÈßfhka isg .kak'
kdhlhka úiska ;u fma<sfha m<uqjekakdg Wrysia hejqfuka mkaÿj
hjkak'
m<uqjekakd mkaÿj w,a,d kej;;a kdhlhd fj; Wrysia hejqfuka
mkaÿj hjd" fma<sfha msgqmig hkak'
Wrysia hejqu hjd wjika jQ úg Wrysig by<ska heùu o tfia u isÿ
lrkak'
x x
x11
A B
1
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
3
x
x
x
x
x
2
2x
x
x
x
x
4
x
x
x
x
x
5ó' 5
x
x
x
x
4'5 rEmh
4'3 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
41
3' fymamd hejqu
fuys § mkaÿj hjkakd;a ,nd .kakd;a w;r m%foaYfha mkaÿj fymamd
lr ̂ mkaÿj me;a;g fmd<d mksk fia fmdf<dfjys .id& heùu isÿ lrhs'
32
31
4'6 rEmh
fuh my; mshjr wkqj mqyqKq úh yels h'
• mkaÿj iys; w; bK uÜgñka ;nd .kak'
• mkaÿj hjkakd;a ,nkakd;a w;r ÿßka ;=fkka foll fldgila
hjkakdf.a me;af;a ;nd mkaÿj fymamd ^bounce& lr ,nkakdg
hjkak'
fymamd hejqu mqyqKq ùug l%shdldrlï
mka;sfha ish¨ fokd lKavdhïj,g fnfokak'
rEm igykg wkqj lKavdhï uqKg uqyqK,d óg¾ ;=kl ÿrlska isg
.kak'
A me;af;a m<uq isiqjd B me;af;a isiqjdg mkaÿj fymamd hjd ;u fma<sfha
msgqmiska isg.kak'
B me;af;a isiqjd mkaÿj w,a,d A me;af;a B<Õ isiqjdg fymamd hjd
fma<sfha msgqmig hkak'
411
A me;a;
ó' 3
B me;a;
23 322
11
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
4'7 rEmh
42fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
4' há w;a hejqu
fuu hejqï l%ufha § mkaÿj oKysig my<ska
heúh hq;=hs' mkaÿj ,nd .kakd ;eke;a;d
bK;a oKysi;a w;r m%foaYfha § mkaÿj
w,a,d .; hq;= fõ'
• oKysia kjd l| bÈßhg my;a fldg mkaÿj
oKysig my<ska isák fia ;nd .kak'
• YÍrhg wdikakj my;g fhduq ù we;s w;
oKysig my<ska bÈßhg fhduq lrkak' tA
iu. u YÍrh iunr lr .kak'
• mkaÿj ,nd .kakd l%Säldjf.a bK;a oKysi;a w;r m%foaYhg mkaÿj
hjkak'
há w;a hejqu mqyqKq ùug l%shdldrlï
lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnfokak'
4'9 rEmhg wkqj ish¨ u lKavdhï wv rjqulg isg.kak'
tla wfhl= wv ljfha ueog meñfKkak'
ueo isákakd wv ljfha isák hy¿jkag há w;a hejqu ,nd fokak'
Tjqka mkaÿj w,a,d ueo isákakdg wdmiq hjkak'
fufia ish¨ u wh ueog meñfKk f,i fuu l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak'
4'9 rEmh
1
2
3
4
5
6x
xx
x
xx
4'8 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
43
oE;ska mkaÿj heùfï l%u
1' mmqjg fl<ska hejqu
mkaÿj .%yKh lr r|jd ;nd .kafka mmqjg bÈßfhka yd wdikakj
isák f,ig h' mkaÿj flá ÿrla heùu i|yd fuu l%uh Ndú; lrhs'
4'10 rEmh
• mkaÿj ksjerÈj w,a,d" oEf;a je<ñg
my<g fhduq jk fia YÍrhg
wdikakj isák f,i" mkaÿj mmqjg
wdikakj ;nd .kak'
• oE;a bÈßhg fhduq lrk .uka ueKsla
lgqj yd w;e`.s,s Ndú; lrñka mkaÿj
bÈßhg hjkak'
• YÍrh iunr lr .kak'
mmqjg fl<ska hejqu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï
mka;sfha isák isiqka iudkj lKavdhï
lsysmhlg fnfokak'
tla tla lKavdhula óg¾ ;=kla muK ÿßka uqyqKg uqyqK,d fma<s
foll isg .kak' ^4'11 rEmh&
A
B1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x A
B1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
4'11 rEmh
A fma<sfha m<uq jekakd B fma<sfha m<uq jekakdg mkaÿj mmqjg fl<ska
hjkak'
tu mkaÿj ksjerÈj w,a,d A fma<sfha fojekakdg hjkak'
lKavdhfï ish¨ u fokdg wjia:dj ,efnk ;=re l%shdldrlu isÿ
lrkak'
44fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' ysig by<ska hejqu
4'12 rEmh
mkaÿj ;nd .; hq;af;a ysig by<ska h' mkaÿj
hjkakd yd ,nd .kakd w;r by<ska" ljdldrj"
bÈßhg heúh hq;= h'
• mkaÿj w,a,d ysig msgqmiska oE;a È.= lr ;nd
.kak'
• oE;ska mkaÿj bÈßhg ljdldrj hk fia
bÈßhg hjkak' ^ue‚la
lgqj yd weÕs,s Ndú;fhka&
• YÍrh bÈßhg fhduq lrñka iunr lr .kak'
4' me;s hejqu
YÍrfha me;a;lska mkaÿj heùu isÿ lrhs'
• mkaÿj Wrysi yd bÕ m%foaYh w;r YÍrfha
;rula me;a;g isák fia ;nd .kak'
• Wl=, lrljd fow;a uola miqmig f.k tau
me;a;g nr ù ,nkakdf.a bKg iudka;rj
,nd.; yels fia mkaÿj bÈßhg hjkak'
• YÍrh iunr lr .kak'
ysig by<ska hejqu iy me;s hejqu mqyqKqj ioyd l%shdldrlï
mka;sfha isák isiqka iudkj lKavdhïj,g fjka jkak'
lKavdhï wv rjqulg isg .kak'
tla wfhl= ueog meñK ysig by<ska mkaÿj wfkla isiqkag hjkak'
ysig by<ska hejqu wjika jQ miq me;s hejqu o tfia u isÿ lrkak'
4'13 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
45
1
2
3
4
56
x
xx
x
xx
4'14 rEmh
4' fymamd hejqu
32
31
4'15 rEmh
fuh ;ks w;ska yd oE;ska u isÿ l< yels h' Tn úiska óg fmr fuu
fymamdhejqu ;ks w;ska isÿ lrk ,§'
• oE;ska mkaÿj w,a,d bK uÜgñka ;nd .kak'
• hjkakd;a" ,nkakd;a w;r ÿßka ;=fkka foll fldgila hjkakdf.a
me;af;a ;nd f.k mkaÿj fymamd lr hjkak'
• mkaÿj ,nd .kakdg jug fyda ol=Kg fyd¢ka we§ mkaÿj ,nd .;
yels jk fia mkaÿj hjkak'
46fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
fymamd hejqu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï
l%Svd msáfha uqyqKg uqyqK ,d fma<s folla iEfokak'
Tn bÈßfha isák hy¿jdg ksjerÈj mkaÿj fymamd lr hjkak'
mkaÿj hejQ miq fma<sfha msgqmig tl;= jkak'
411 23 32
2
11
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
x
xx
4'16 rEmh
idrdxYh
fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfõ ksr; ùfï § mkaÿj ksjerÈj heùug;a" w,a,d
.ekSug;a" ksjerÈj .%yKh lsÍug;a Tn olaI úh hq;= h' mkaÿj heùu
i|yd ;ks w; fyda oE; Ndú; l< yels h'
;ks w;ska mkaÿj heùu i|yd Wrysia hejqu" Wrysig by<ska hejqu"
fymamd hejqu" há w;a hejqu Ndú; l< yels h'
oE;ska mkaÿ heùu i|yd mmqjg fl<ska hejqu" ysig by<ska hejqu" me;s
hejqu" fymamd hejqu Ndú; l< yels h'
by; l%uj,ska mkaÿ heùfï §;a" mkaÿj ,nd .ekSfï §;a" ksjerÈ Ys,amSh
l%uh wkq.ukh lrñka YÍrh iunrj mj;ajd .; hq;= fõ' tfuka
u mkaÿ heùfï úúO l%u m%.=K lsÍu i|yd úúO l%shdldrlïj, ksr;
ùug Tng yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
47
wNHdi 1' mkaÿ heùfï m%Odk l%u lSho@ tAjd kï lrkak'
2' mkaÿ heùfï § Tn ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq fudkjd o@
3' mkaÿj w,a,d .ekSfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq olajkak'
4' mkaÿj ksjrÈj .%yKh lr .kakd wldrh rEm igyklska we|
olajkak'
5' ;ks w;ska yd oE;ska mkaÿ heùfï wdldr fol ne.ska lr fmkajkak'
48fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
5 Odjk ;r. wdrïNh yÞruq
u,, l%Svd hgf;a mj;sk Odjk biõ Èùug we;s ÿr m%udKh wkqj
flá ÿr" ueÈ ÿr iy È.= ÿr f,i j¾. ;=klg fnÞd we;' ́ kE u Odjk
biõjla ch.%yKh i`oyd Odjk wdrïNh b;d jeo.;a fõ' flá ÿr
Odjk biõj, § m%udo ù .kakd wdrïNh mrdchg fnfyúka n,mdhs'
Èùug we;s ÿr wkqj ,nd .; hq;= wdrïNl l%uh o fjkia fõ' flá
ÿr Èùfï § l=ÿ wdrïNh o" ueÈ yd È.= ÿr Èùfï § ysá wdrïNh o fhdÞ
.kS'
y;a jk fY%a‚fha § Tn bf.k .;a ksjerÈ Èùul § w;aj, yd mdoj,
l%shdldß;ajh;a" Èùu mqyqKqj i|yd lrk ,o wNHdi;a kej; u;la lr
.kak'
fï mdvfuka wms Odjkfha we;s wdrïNl l%u yÞrd tA w;ßka l=ÿ
wdrïNfha ueÈ werUqu m%dfhda.slj" ksjerÈj m%o¾Ykh lruq'
Odjk ;r. wdrïNl l%u
Odjk ;r. wdrïNfha úúO l%u my; oelafjk mßÈ j¾. l< yels h'
5'1 igyk
wdrïNh
ysá werUqu l=ÿ werUqu
flá werUqu ueÈ werUqu È.= werUqu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
49
ysá werUqu ^standing start&
ysá bßhõfõ isg wdrïN lrk ksid fuh ysá werUqu f,i y÷kajhs'
È.= ÿr iy ueÈ ÿr Odjk biõ i|yd ysá werUqu fhdÞ .kS' tA wkqj
óg¾ 400 g jvd jeä iEu biõjla i|yd u ysá werUqu fhdÞ .; hq;= h'
WÞ( óg¾ 800
óg¾ 1500
óg¾ 5000
óg¾ 10000
ysá werUqu i|yd úOdk folla mj;S'
1' ierfika
2' hd ^ix×jla fyda fjä y~&
5'1 rEmh - ysá werUqu
by; 5'1 rEmfha wdldrhg ysá werUqu i|yd Tn iQÞkï úh hq;= h'
ierfika úOdkfha §(
• bÈß mdofha m;=, wdrïNl f¾Ldjg wdikakj ;nhs'
• wksla mdofha m;=," bosrs mdofha isg Wrysia m<,g iudk m%udKhla
msgqmiska ;nhs'
• isref¾ nr bÈß mdohg fhduq lrhs'
• bÈß mdohg úreoaO me;af;a w; bÈßhg;a" wks;a w; msgqmig;a jk
f,i ;nd .; hq;=hs'
hd úOdkfha §(
• msgq miska ;enQ mdoh bÈßhg f.k Odjkfha fhfohs'
• bÈßh keó ;snQ l| fldgi by<g tifõ'
50fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l=ÿ werUqu ^crouch start&
flá ÿr Odjkh i|yd fhdÞ .kafka l=ÿ werUquhs'
tkï óg¾ 400 iy Bg jvd wvq Odjk biõ i|yd fuu werUqï l%uh
fhdÞ .ekSu wksjd¾h fõ'
WÞ( óg¾ 100
óg¾ 200
óg¾ 400
óg¾ 100 x 4 iyh Èùu
óg¾ 400 x 4 iyh Èùu
óg¾ 100 lvq¨ u;ska Èùu
óg¾ 110 lvq¨ u;ska Èùu
óg¾ 400 lvq¨ u;ska Èùu
l=ÿ werUqu i|yd úOdk ;=kla fhdÞ .kS'
1' ierfika
2' fjka
3' hd ^ix×jla fyda fjä y~&
l=ÿ wdrïNfha § l%Svlhkaf.a Wi wkqj mdo ;nd .kakd wdldrh fjkia
fõ' tA wkqj flá werUqu" ueÈ werUqu yd È.= werUqu jYfhka fldgia
;=klg fnfoa' ueÈ werUqfï § mdo ;nd .kakd wdldrh my; ±la fõ'
fuu werUqu tla oKysilska jdä ù isáñka wdrïN lrhs'
ueÈ werUqfï tla tla wjia:d my; wdldrhg isÿ l< hq;= h'
ierfika úOdkfha §;• bÈß mdoh f,i yqre mdoh ;eìh hq;= h'
• miq mdofha oKysi bÈß mdofha jlh wi,
isg wÕ,a 3-4 la wE;a fldg ;eìh hq;= h'
• oE;a wdrïNl f¾Ldj wdikakfha" Wrysia
mr;rhg jvd uola jeä jk fia ;eìh
hq;= h'
• oE;aj, weÕs,s wdrelal=jl yevhg ;nd
.; hq;= h'
5'3 rEmh
5'2 rEmh - l=ÿ werUqu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
51
fjka úOdkfha §(
• oKysia fol u by<g ti fõ'
• Wrysia uÜgug jvd Wl=, m%foaYh by<ska
msysghs'
• wdrïNl f¾Ldfjka uola bÈßhg Wrysi
;,a¨ fõ'
• YÍrfha nr oE;a u; r|d mj;S'
hd úOdkfha §(
• fjä y`v ^hd úOdkh& iu. fom;=,a
fmdf<djg ;o lrñka bÈßhg ;,a¨ fõ'
• fmdf<dj iam¾Y ù we;s fo w;a fmdf<dfjka
bj;a fõ'
• flá mshjrla ;nñka" miq mdoh bÈßhg
wdrïNl f¾Ldjg bÈßfhka ;nhs'
• Bg úreoaO me;af;a w; bÈßhg meñfKa'
• bÈßhg ;,a¨ ùu;a iu. Wl=,a fmfoi yd
oKysia È. yeÍ mj;S'
ueÈ werUqï l%ufha § hd wjia:dfõ fokq ,nk ix×jg laI‚lj ke.sg
Èùu isÿ l< hq;= h'
fuh fõ.j;aj isÿ lsÍu i|yd flá ÿr Odjlhka mqreÿ mqyqKq úh hq;= h'
l=ÿ werUqfï § ix×jg laI‚lj bÈßhg Èùfï" fõ.h j¾Okh i|yd l< yels l%shdldrï
1' mdo fol bÈßhg isák fia b|f.k isákak'
úOdkh ÿka úg laI‚lj ke.sg óg¾ 10la muK ÿjkak'
5'4 rEmh
5'5 rEmh
5'6 rEmh
52fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' Wvql=rej je;sr isákak'
úOdkhg laI‚lj ke.sg óg¾ 10la muK bÈßhg ÿjkak'
5'7 rEmh
3' mdo we`.s,s" oKysia yd w;aj, w,a, iïmQ¾Kfhka ìu ;nd f.k
isákak'
úOdkhg laI‚lj ke.sg óg¾ 10la muK bÈßhg ÿjkak'
5'8 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
53
l%shdldrlu
ysá wdrïNh yd ueÈ wdrïNh úOdk wkqj ksjerÈj lr
fmkajkak'
idrdxYh
Odjk biõj, jeo.;a wx.hla jk wdrïNh m%Odk l%u follska isÿ
lrhs' tkï ysá werUqu yd l=ÿ werUqu jYfhks'
ysá werUqu i`oyd úOdk folla ,nd fok w;r óg¾ 400g jvd jeä
biõ i`oyd fuu l%uh fhdÞ .kS'
l=ÿ werUqu i`oyd úOdk ;=kla ,nd fok w;r óg¾ 400 we;=¿ Bg wvq
biõ i`oyd fuu l%uh fhdÞ .kS'
l=ÿ werUqu flá" ueÈ yd È.= werUqu jYfhka wdldr ;=klska hqla; fõ'
tA w;ßka jeä jYfhka Ndú; jkafka ueÈ werUquhs'
wNHdi 1' .e<fmk jpkh f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'
^ysá werUqu$ óg¾ 1500$ fjka$ folls$ ;=kls&
i. ueÈ ÿr yd È.= ÿr biõ ioyd '''''''''''''''''''''' Ndú; flf¾'
ii. ysá wdrïNfha ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úOdkh fokq fkd,efí'
iii. ysá werUqfuka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' biõj wdrïN flf¾'
iv. ysá werUqfï úOdk '''''''''''''''''''''' ls'
v. l=ÿ werUqfuys wdldr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ls'
2' l=ÿ werUqfï ueÈ werUqu .kakd wdldrh lr fmkajkak'
3' l=ÿ wdrïNfha m%;sl%shd fõ.h j¾Okh i|yd l< yels Tn okakd
l%shdldrlula lr fmkajkak'
54fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
6 fi!LHj;a mdi,a mßirhla
f.dv k.uq
ojfia jeä ld,hla mjqf,a idudðlhka iu. .; lrk Tn" B<Õg jeä
ld,hla f.jkafka mdi, ;=<hs' Y%S ,xldfõ ck fldgiska mfyka tlla
muK wOHdmkh ,nk msßig we;=<;a fõ' mdi,a wOHdmkh u.ska
Tnf.a p¾hd yev.eiaùu l=vd wjêfha isg u wdrïN lr b;d id¾:lj
bÈßhg f.k hd yels h' iudch fj; hym;a m‚jqv f.k hdug o
mdi, f;da;ekakla lr .; yels h' wOHdmkh uÕska Tfí;a" mjqf,a;a"
iudcfha;a fi!LH ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug mdi,a isiqka f,i Tng o
Þhl ùug yels h'
y; fY%a‚fha § Tn mjqf,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh iy fi!LHj;a mjq,a
mßirhl ;sìh hq;= wx. yÞrd we;'
mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh o" fi!LH m%j¾Ok Wmdh ud¾. o y÷kd .ksñka
fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la ye§ug o Þhl jk wdldrh jgyd .ksuq'
fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la y÷kd .ksuq
wlald (- kx.S" wfma w¨;a m%skaism,a i¾" wdjg miafia wfma biafldaf,a
yß ,iaikhs fkao@
kx.S (- Tõ wlafla" yßu ,iaikhs" ta jf.a u msßisÿ hs' tl mdrg u
tfyu jqfKa fldfydu o@
wlald (- wms yeu fokd u tl;=fj,dfka jev igyka yeÿfõ" tA
lshkafka YsIH kdhlhka" .=reuKav,h ms%kaism,a i¾ tfyu"
ieu fokdf. u iyfhda.h .;a; ksid fï jev ms<sfj< id¾:l
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
55
WKd' ±ka Tlafldu,d Wfoa 7'00 fjkfldg mdi,g tkjd'
WKqlr,d ksjd .;a; j;=r fnda;,hhs" lEu fmÜáhhs
wksjd¾fhka u f.akjd'
kx.S (- Tõ wlafla" wr mka;s uÜgfuka lrk Y%uÞk jevigykg
fouõmsfhd;a fyd|ska iyNd.S fjkjd'
wlald (- jdr wjidkfha ;sfhk úúO m%ix.hg" l%Svdj,g tA jf.a u
wfma olaI;dj,g uq,a ;ek fokak i¾f.a uQ,sl;ajfhka tl
tl jevigyka ilia lr,d' wfma biafldaf,a yß u ms<sfj<g
jev lrk ksid zzM, imsß mdi,a ZZ;r.fhkq;a Èk,d¨' fvx.=
u¾ok jev igykskq;a Èia;%slalfha m<fjks ;ek ,eì,d'
kx.S (- tAl ;ud wlafla" wms;a wfma .=re uKav,h;a yß u ikaf;daIfhka
fï jevigykaj,g iyfhda.h fokjd' ug kï tA yskaÞ oji
f.fjkjdj;a ±fkkafk keye biafldaf,a .shd u'
wlald (- Tõ kx.s" ug;a tfyuhs' wms;a lemfj,d biafldaf,a ÈhqKqjg
jev lruq'
fï fiakd.u úoHd,fha ifydaoßhka fofofkl= w;r we;s jQ fonils'
mdif,a isÿ jk ld¾hhka /ila ms<sn| wmg by;ska ±lajQ Tjqka
fofokdf.a foniska fy<sorõ fõ'
6'1 rEmh - fi!LH m%j¾ê; mdi,a
56fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mdi,a orejka" mdi,a ld¾h uKav,h we;=¿ mdi,a m%cdfõ fi!LH
m%j¾Okh i|yd mQ¾K ixúOdk Yla;sh fhdojd l%shd lrk mdi,la
fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la f,i ye¢ka fõ'
fi!LH m%j¾Okh
y; fY%A‚fha § Tn fi!LH m%j¾Okh hkafkys woyi bf.k .;a nj
u;l o@
fi!LH m%j¾Okh hkq fi!LHhg n,mdk idOl ;u md,khg .ekSu
u.ska ;udf.a fi!LH ;;ajh ÈhqKq lr .ekSug mqoa.,hkag yelshdj
,nd §fï l%shdj,shls'
mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh
mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh u.ska isÿ flfrkafka mdi,a <uqka jYfhka
mdif,a yd iuia; iudcfha u fi!LH ;;ajhg n,mdk idOl md,kh
lr .ekSug yd jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSug yels wfhl= f,i Tn Yla;su;a
lrùuhs'
mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok lñgqj" YsIH fi!LH iudc uÕska mdi,a isiqka
jk Tnf.a o Þhl;ajh fï i|yd ,nd Èh yels hs' fï uÕska iunr
fm!reIhlska hq;= fi!LHj;a mqoa.,hka ùug Tng wjia:dj ie,fia'
fi!LHj;a mdi,a mßirhl ;sìh hq;= wx.
Tfí mdif,a mßirh" mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh udkisl yd iudÔh
mßirh f,i fldgiaj,g fnÞ ±laúh yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
57
mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh
mka;s ldur" mdi,a f.dvke.s,s" mdi,a f.j;a;" l%Svd msáh" mdi,a wdmk
Yd,dj" c, iemhSï" wdÈh mdif,a fN!;sl mßirhg wh;a fõ'
hym;a fN!;sl mdi,a mßirhl mej;sh hq;= wx. lsysmhla my; ±la fõ'
• msßisÿ jd;h
• msßisÿ N+ñh
• is;a .kakd iq¨ nj
• mka;s ldur mú;%;dj
• m%udKj;a iy msßisÿ jeisls<ss" leisls<s myiqlï
• msßisÿ" îug iqÿiq c, myiqlï
• m%udKj;a l%Svd myiqlï
• fi!LHj;a wdmk Yd,dj
• mdi,a ;=< § Tnf.a iqrlaIs; nj
msßisÿ jd;h
mdi,l f.dvke.s,s tAjd w;r iqÿiq mr;rh mj;sk f,i bÈ lsÍu
msßisÿ jd;h ,nd .ekSug rel=,la fõ' wjg mßirfha .ia fld<ka iqÿiq
mßÈ jeùu" mka;s ldur" úoHd.dr" mqia;ld," ix.S; yd k¾;k Yd,d
wdÈfha we;s fÞr cfk,a újD; lr ;eîu" jd ljq¿ wdjrKh fkdlsÍu
uÕska Tng msßisÿ jd;h ,nd .; yels fõ'
6'2 rEmh - msßisÿ jd;h ,efnk fia mx;s ldurh ieliSu
58fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
msßisÿ N+ñh
mdi,a ñÿ, yd f.j;a; msßisÿ lsÍu i`oyd Tng fY%a‚ jYfhka ñÿ,
yd f.j;a; fnÞ fjka lr .; yels h' YsIH kdhl kdhsldjkag msßisÿ
lsÍï fidhd ne,Su l< yels h' mdi,g wdfõ‚l li, neyer lsÍfï
úêu;a l%u mej;Su fi!LH m%j¾Ol mdi,l ,laIKhls' Èrk" fkdÈrk
øjH neyer lsÍug n÷ka fjka fjkaj ;nd tAjdhska Èrk øjH ldnksl
fmdfydr iE§ug fhdÞ .; yels h' tu fmdfydr Ndú; lr m,;=re"
u,a yd T!IO Whka j.d l< yels h' tAjd l%uj;aj mj;ajd f.k hdu
o Tng isiq lKavdhï jYfhka fnÞ fjka lr f.k iyfhda.fhka isÿ
l< yels h' ldkq moaO;sh msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu;a" mdi,a ìfuys ;ek
;ek c,h /f`ok ia:dk we;akï tAjd bj;a lsÍu;a jeo.;a fõ' fï
l%shdldrlï i|yd fi!LH m%j¾Ok lñgqfõ iy mßir lñgqj, iydh
,nd .; yels h'
6'3 rEmh- - úúO j.djka l%uj;aj mj;ajdf.k hdu
is;a .kakd iq¨ nj
mdi,a j;a; is;a .kakd wdldrhg ie,iqï l< hq;= h' msúiqu" T!IO
Whk" fmdl=Kq" u,a j.dj" mdif,a ia:dk kdulrKh" wdÈh ie,iqï
iy.; wdldrhg lsÍu u.ska mdi, is;a .kakd iq¨ jkq we;'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
59
6'4 rEmh - mdi,a mßirh is;a .kakd iq¨ f,i ieliSu
mka;s ldur mú;%;dj
Tfí mka;s ldur msßisÿ lsÍfï ffoksl l%ufõohla ksjerÈj l%shd;aul
lsÍfuka Tng fï i|yd iydh úh yels h' .=re fïih" .=re mqgqj" l¨
,E,a," Tnf.a fviala" mqgq wdÈh o l%uj;a j yd ms<sfj<g ;nd .ekSu"
bj;,k øjH ±óu i|yd li< n÷kla ;nd .ekSu" bo," fldiai" wdÈh
ksis ;ekaj, ;eîu mka;s ldurfha w,xldrhg rel=,la jkq we;'
6'5 rEmh - mka;s ldur mú;%j ;nd .ekSu
60fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
m%udKj;a iy msßisÿ jeisls<s leisls<s myiqlï
Tfí mdif,a YsIH ixLHdj wkqj m%udKj;a jeisls<s" leisls<s" myiqlï
;sìh hq;= fõ' fuys § .=re uKav,h" .eyeKq yd msßñ jYfhka fuka u
wndê; wh i|yd o iqÿiq f,i;a" m%udKj;a f,i;a fuu myiqlï
mej;sh hq;= h' fuys msßisÿ" m%udKj;a c,h" fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdrlaId
ùu" wmú;% foa neyer lsÍfï myiqj we;a±hs fidhd ne,Sug;a" tAjd ilia
lsÍug;a Tng o Þhl úh yels h' jeisls<s msrsisÿj kv;a;= lsÍu Tnf.a
j.lSula fõ'
msßisÿ" îug iqÿiq c, myiqlï
Tng mdif,a § îug" w;a fia§ug iy jeisls<s i|yd c,h wjYH fõ'
<sx" jeõ" we<" fÞ< wdÈfhka ,nd .kakd c,fha .=Kd;aul nj uyck
fi!LH mÍlaIl u.ska mÍlaId lrjd f.k we;a±hs Ndú;hg fmr iel
yer ±k .kak'
6'6 rEmh - msßisÿ c, myiqlï iemhSu
m%udKj;a l%Svd myiqlï
fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,l fN!;sl mßirfha jeo.;a wx.hla f,i l%%Svd
msáh ie,lsh yels h' msáh wjg fijK ,nd fok .ia isgqùfuka
w,xldrh fuka u isis,i o ,efí' ;jo Tnf.a l=i,;d kexùug ,nd
§ we;s l%Svd WmlrK wdrlaId lsÍu" l%Svd mqyqKqj i|yd fjka lr we;s
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
61
fõ,dfjka Wmßu m%fhdack .ekSu iy l%Svd msáh wk;=re rys; jk
f,i ilia lr .ekSu Tng l< yels foa fõ'
6'7 rEmh - l%Svd myiqlï iemhSu
fi!LHj;a wdmk Yd,dj
fi!LH m%j¾Okhg uq,a ;ekla fok mdi,l b;d u jeo.;a wx.hla
f,i wdmk Yd,dj ±laúh yels h'
tfuka u w;a fia§u yd îug msßisÿ c, myiqlï iemhSu" bj;,k øjH
nyd,Su i|yd n÷ka ;eîu" msßisÿlu by< uÜgul ;sîu fi!LHj;a
wdmk Yd,djl uQq,sl wx. w;r fõ' .=Kd;aul núka hq;= weg j¾."
OdkH" w," n;, hkdÈh yd f;,a" ¨Kq" iSks wvq wdydr msßisÿj iemhsh
hq;= hs' ksis fmdaIKhg fhduq ùug wdmk Yd,dj Tng fhdÞ .; yels h'
ksire wdydr ̂ Junk food& yd laI‚l wdydr ̂ Fast food& wdmk Yd,dfjka
bj;a lsÍfï n,h fi!LH iudchg mejßh yels h' mdi,a wdmk Yd,d
pl% f,aLh yd tys Wmfoia ud,dj ms<smÈñka wdydr ,nd §u l< hq;= fõ'
fï i|yd b,a,Ssï lsÍug isiq Tng o whs;shla we;'
mdi, ;=< § Tnf.a iqrlaIs; nj
Tnf.a iqrlaIs; nj ;yjqre ùu fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,l ;j;a jeo.;a
wx.hls' mdi, bÈßmsg ud¾. wk;=re wju lsÍug ßh kshduljreka
62fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
f,i mqyqKq ùug Tng wjia:dj ,nd .; yels h' ksjerÈ ud¾. kS;s
wkq.ukh lsÍug Tn o Tn mdif,a wka wh o fhduq ùu ;=<ska wk;=re
wju lr .; yels fõ'
nEjqïj,g fyda w.dO iys; ia:dkj, jegj,a iE§u fuka u tu ia:dkj,
j.djka fh§u o Tng tl;= ù l< yels h'
;j o fvx.= uÿrejka fndajk ia:dk we;a±hs ;u mka;s ldurh wjg
mÍlaId lr ne,Sfuka yd mdi, wjg msßisÿ f,i ;nd .ekSug wka wh
fm,Uùfuka fvx.= jeks frda.j,ska iqrlaIs; mdi,a mßihla ks¾udKh
l< yels h'
tfia u wmpdr" wmfhdackj,g fya;= fkdjk wdrlaIs; njla Tfí
mdi, ;=< mj;S±hs úuis,su;a úh hq;= h' tjka iel iys; wkdrlaIs;
yeÕSula hï ia:dkhl § Tng ±kqfkd;a tA ms<sn| Tfí .=rejreka ±kqj;a
l< yels h'
6'8 rEmh - mdi, ;=< iqrlaIs; ùu
fufia mdif,a § Tnf.a yd wkHhkaf.a wdrlaIdj i|yd Tng úYd,
Þhl;ajhla iemhsh yels h' ks;r úuis,su;aj wjOdkfhka miq ùu"
wka whg tAjdfha wd§kj mjid mßiaiï úh hq;= nj wjOdrKh lsÍu
u.ska mdi, wdrlaIs; ia:dkhla njg m;a lr .ekSug Tn ks;r Wkkaÿ
úh hq;= h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
63
udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh
hym;a udkisl yd iudÔh mßirhla f,i ie,flkafka Tn jgd isák
mqoa.,hka iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .ksñka i;=áka isáh yels
mßirhls' tjeks mßirhla mdi, ;=< f.dv ke.Sug kï" ;u yelshdjka
y÷kd .ekSu" wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK §u" M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh"
iylïmkh jeks ksmqK;d Tn ;=< ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'
udkisl yd iudÔh hym;a mdi,a mßirhl meje;sh hq;= wx. lsysmhla
my; ±la fõ'
1' iqrlaIs; nj - ysxikh" wmfhdack" rKavq onr wdÈfhka f;dr ùu
2' WmfoaYk myiqlï
3' ish,a,kag u tl fia ie,lSu
4' lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd wjia:d
5' w.h lsÍu
iqrlaIs; nj
mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh hgf;a iqrlaIs; nj Tn bf.k .kakg we;'
Bg wu;rj udkislj;a" iudÔhj;a" iqrlaIs; njla mdi, ;=<ska ,eìh
hq;= h' mdi,g msúiSfuka miq <ud wmfhdack wmpdrj,g ,la fkdù
Tnj wdrlaId lsÍug Tfí .=rejreka we;=¿ mdi,a m%cdj fidaÈisfhka
yd úuis,af,ka lghq;= lrhs' fouõmshkaf.ka" Ndrlrejkaf.ka
f.or § ,efnk wdorh" lreKdj" wdrlaIdjg iudk whqfrka mdif,a §
úÿy,am;sf.ka yd .=re uKav,fhka tu wdorh iqrlaIs; nj ,efnk
nj Tng jegfykjd we;' wdorh iy /ljrKh ,nd .ekSug Tn
o úkh .relj yd kS;s .relj mdi, ;=< yeisÍug j. n,d .;
hq;= h' .=rejrekaf.ka fyda wksl=;a isiqkaf.ka lsisÿ ysxikhlg ,la
fkdùug;a Tng whs;shla we;=jd fuka u Tn o wka whg ysxikhla isÿ
fkdlsÍug wÈgka lr .; hq;= h'
64fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
6'9 rEmh - .=rejrekaf.ka iqrlaIs; nj ,eîu
WmfoaYk myiqlï
Tng tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § úúO wNsfhda. wjia:dj,g uqyqK §ug isÿ jkq we;'
WÞyrK f,i mdvï u;l ;nd .ekSu" úNd.j,g iqÞkï ùu" lS%vd
;r. i|yd bÈßm;a ùu" ysxidj,g ,la ùu" ñ;=rka wysñ ùu" wdÈh
±laúh yels h' túg tA ms<sn| l;d lsÍug Tn mdif,a wksjd¾hfhka
;sìh hq;= wx.hla jkafka WmfoaYk fiajhhs' fï fiajdfõ úYajdijka;
nj /lSu" ms<s.ekSu ;sìh hq;= w;r wjYH ́ kE u fõ,djl fiajdj ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj ;sîu o w;HjYH fõ'
Tng o ´kE u .eg¨jla we;s jQ úgl fyda hy¿fjl=g .eg¨jla we;s jQ
úgl Tfí mdif,a isák WmfoaYk .=rejrhdg fyda fjk;a .=rejrhl=g
th mjid .eg¨j úi|d .ekSug fhduqjkak'
l%shdldrlu
Tfí mdif,a WmfoaYk fiajd .=re;=ud fyda .=r;=ñh uqK .eiS
úNd.hg mdvï lsÍug lïue,s ùu jeks .eg¨jla idlÉPd
lrkak
ish,a,kag u tl fia ie,lSu
fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,l iqúfYaIS ,laIKhla jkafka mdi,g msúfik
iEu orefjl= u úÿy,am;s yd .=re uKav,hg iqúfYaIS ùu hs' ´kE u
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
65
;rd;srul orefjl= mdif,a YsIHfhl= f,i ie,lSug fi!LH m%j¾Ok
mdi,a ks;r u iqÞkï h'
Tn o Tfí mdif,a ish¨ fokdg u tl fia ie,lSug mqreÿ úh hq;= hs'
Tfí mdif,a ifydaor ifydaoßhka" .=re uKav,h" iq¿ fiajl msßia wd§
iEu fokdg u f.!rj lrkak" wdorh lrkak'
lKavdhï l%shdldrlï
lKavdhï f,i l%shdldrlïj, fh§u u.ska Tnf.a úúO l=i,;d
j¾Okh lr .; yels h' tfuka u tlsfkld y÷kd .ekSug" wka whf.a
woyiaj,g weyqïlka §ug" tAjdg .re lsÍug yd woyia m%ldY lsÍug
wjia:dj ,efí' is;=ï" me;=ï" woyia" .=Kdx." yeisÍï w;ska tlsfkldg
fjkia jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a úúO;d y÷kd .ekSug fuu lKavdhï
l%shdldrlï m%fhdackj;a fõ' tfia u kdhl;ajh ±Íug;a kdhl;ajhg
.re lrñka wkq.dñl;ajhg yqre ùug;a Tng wjia:dj ,efí'
fï ksid Tn yeu úg u lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd Þhl;ajh ,nd
fokak'
6'10 rEmh - lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, fh§u
66fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
w.h lsÍu
Tn ish¨ fokd ;=< u úúO l=i,;d mj;S' m<uq mdvfï § Tn bf.k
.;a wd;audNsudkhg fya;= jk úúO .=Kdx. yd olaI;d u;la lr .kak'
isiqkaf.a úfYaI l=i,;d y÷kd .ekSug lÓl" l%Svd" kegqï" ix.sS; wd§
úúO wxYj,ska bÈßm;a ùug yd olaI;d t<s ±laùug mdi, ;=< Tng
úúO wjia:d we;' Woh /iaùu" ;Hd. m%Þfkda;aijh" úúO m%ix." l%Svd
W;aij" idys;H ;r. wdÈh WÞyrK lsysmhla fõ'
;Hd." iy;slm;a" ch iïudk wdÈfhka úfYaI olaI;d w.h lsÍu o
isÿ flf¾' fuys § Tn l=uk fyda wxYhlska we;s yelshdjla Tma kxjd
.ekSug .=rejreka iu. tla ù ffO¾hj;aj lem úh hq;= fõ'
tfia u Tn o wka whf.a olaI;d" fyd| .=Kdx. w.hkak' tajd Tnf.a
Ôú;hg o wdfoaY lr .kak' hï Woõjla ,enqKq úg ia;=;sh m< lrkak"
fmr<d wjYH úg § Woõ lrkak'
l%shdldrlu
Tfí mdif,a udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh hym;a lsÍu i|yd Èh;a lr
we;s jev igyka ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak' óg wu;rj l%shd;aul
l< yels jev igyka fhdackd lrkak'
mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okhg .; hq;= l%shd ud¾.
wm by; bf.k .;a mdif,a fN!;sl" udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh hym;a
lr .ksñka mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd wmg úúO l%shdud¾. .;
yels h' y; fY%a‚fha § mjqf,a fi!LH m%j¾Okhg l%shd ud¾. .ekSu
m%Odk f;aud myla Tiafia isÿ l< whqre u;lhg k.d .kak' tu f;aud
my Tiafia mdi,g .e<fmk f,i fhdok Wmdh ud¾. u.ska mdi,a
fi!LH m%j¾Okh o isÿ l< yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
67
fi!LH m%j¾Okfha f;aud
1' fi!LHj;a m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu
2' mqoa., ksmqK;d iy ±kqu ixj¾Okh
3' fi!LHhg ys;lr mßirhla we;s lsÍu
4' m%cd odhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu
5' fi!LH fiajd m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu yd tAjdhska Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd
.ekSu
fi!LHh ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd §fuka muKla wmf.a fi!LH ;;ajh jeä
ÈhqKq l< fkdyels neúka th id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug by; f;aud y÷kajd
fok ,§' wms WÞyrKhla f,i fi!LHj;a wdydr ,nd .ekSug fhduq
lsÍu fuu f;aud Tiafia isÿ lrkafka flfia±hs n,uq'
1' fmdaIHÞhS wdydr muKla mdi,g f.k tafï m%;sm;a;shla we;s lr
.ekSu'
2' ;u fmdaIK ;;ajh ks¾Kh lr .ekSug iy fmdaIK uÜgug
.e<fmk fmdaIHodhS wdydr y÷kd .ekSug ksmqK;d we;s lrùu'
3' fmdaIHÞhS wdydr we;s wdmk Yd,djla msysgqùu
4' mdi, wjg m%cdj úiska fmdaIHÞhS wdydr muKla úl=Kkq ,eîug
iydh ùu'
5' fi!LH ffjoH ks,OdÍ ld¾hd,h fj;ska fmdaIK uÜgu ks¾Kh
lrjd .ekSu iy fmdaIK .eg¨ y÷kd .ekSu'
mdi,a mßirh fi!LHhg ys;lr f,i ieliSug tu f;aud fhdÞ .kakd
wdldrh wms ±ka úuid n,uq'
1' fi!LHj;a m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu
fuys § m%;sm;a;s f,i y÷kajkafka kS;sfhka fyda ish¨ fokdf.a
tlÕ;dfjka we;s lr f.k l%shd;aul lrjk foa h'
wmg mdi,g .e<fmk mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s rdYshla
f.dvk.d l%shd;aul l< yels h' mdi,a isiqka jYfhka fuu m%;sm;a;s
ieliSug yd tAjd l%shd;aul lsÍug Tng úYd, j.lSula mejÍ we;'
68fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s lSmhla my; ±la fõ'
• l=Kq li, l%uj;aj fjka
lr n÷ka .; lsÍu
WÞ( fmd,s;Ska yd
fkdÈrk øjH
Èrk øjH
ùÿre
lvÞis
• l%uj;a msßisÿ wdmk
Yd,djla mj;ajd .ekSu
• msßisÿ mdkSh c, iemhqula
Ndú; lsÍu
• ffjoH idhk meje;aùu
• fmd,s;ska mdi,g f.k
tafuka je<lSu
• fi!LHj;a wdydr
muKla mdi,g f.k
tAu
• lD;%su mdk j¾.
^ldnkSlD; îu iy meKs
îu& .ekSfuka je<lSu
fï f,ig Tng ys;lr jk mßÈ m%;sm;a;s ilid tAjd ksis f,i
l%shd;aul lsÍu yd tAjdg wkq.; ùu mdi,a isiqka jk Tng mejfrk
j.lSula yd hq;=lula fõ'
fujeks m%;sm;a;s we;s lsÍug YsIH fi!LH iudc iy fi!LH m%j¾Ok
lñgqj u.ska Tng o ueÈy;a úh yelsh'
6'11 rEmh - li, n÷ka l%uj;aj ieliSu
6'12 rEmh - mdi,a fi!LH idhkh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
69
l%shdldrlu
fofokd ne.ska tla ù by;ska ±la jq m%;sm;a;sj,g wu;rj Tfí
mdi,g .e<fmk ;j;a m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla ilia lrkak' tA w;ßka
f;dard .;a m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla wka whf.a ±k .ekSu i|yd m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
2' mqoa., ksmqK;d iy ±kqu ixj¾Okh
Tn i;= úúO ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu u.ska mdi,a fi!LH
m%j¾Okfha M,Þhs;dj by< kxjd .; yels h'
tA i|yd jeo.;a jk Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= ksmqK;d fudkjd o@ 6 fY%A‚fha
§ Tn bf.k .;a Ôjk ksmqK;d fï i|yd fhdÞ .; yels h '
1' wd;audjfndaOh iy wd;audNsudkh
^Self -understanding and - esteem)2' ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSu
^Decision making)3' .eg¨ úi£u ^Problem solving)4' wd;;shg id¾:lj uqyqK §u
^Coping with stress)5' úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh
^Critical thinking)6' ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh
^Creative thinking)7' Ñ;a;fõ. iu;=,s;;dj
^Emotional balance)8' hym;a wka;¾mqoa., in|;d
^Good interpersonal relationship)9' M,Þhs ikaksfõokh
^Productive communication)10' iylïmkh
^Empathy)
6'13 rEmh - ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh
70fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
Bg wu;rj kdhl;aj yelshdj" wkq.dñl;ajh" lKavdhï yeÕSu wdÈh
o Tn ;=< j¾Okh lr .; yels l=i,;d fõ'
fi!LHh ms<sn| ±kqu fmd; m; u.ska o" .=reNj;=ka u.ska o" úúO
fi!LH jevigyka u.ska o Tng ,nd .; yels h'
tfia ,nd .kakd ±kqu yd Tfí ksmqK;d tla fldg mdif,a fi!LH
m%j¾Okhg Þhl úh yels h'
l%shdldrlu
ish¨ fokd tla ù mdi,a j;a; is;a .kakd iq¨ f,i ieliSug lghq;=
ixúOdkh lrk wdldrh" f,aLkhlska ilia lr" tu l%shdj wdrïN
lrkak'
3' fi!LHhg ys;lr mßirhla we;s lsÍu
Tn by; bf.k .;a fN!;sl" udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh Tnf.a
fi!LHh flfrys buy;a n,mEula we;s lrhs' mdi,a mßirfhka Tn
,nk w;a±lSï ±kqu iy fmdaIKh Tfí Ôú;fha meyeÈ,s fjkila we;s
lsÍug bjy,a fõ' tu ksid YsIH Tnf.a ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh
fi!LHhg ys;lr jk whqßka mdi,a mßirh mj;ajd .eksu wjYH fõ'
mdi,a mßirh mdi,a YsIHhdg" .=rejrhdg yd ieug ms%hckl ia:dkhla
úh hq;=hs'
fuys § mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okhg Þhl ùu i|yd mdif,a fN!;sl
mßirh yd ufkda iudÔh mßirh Tn by; bf.k .;a mßÈ ys;lr
f,i ilid .; hq;= fõ'
4' m%cd Þhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu
mdif,a fN!;sl" udkisl yd iudÔh mrsirh ys;lrj ilid .ekSug"
m%cd Þhl;ajh ,nd .; hq;= h' mdi, yd iïnkaO m%cdj jkafka
fouõmshka" wi,ajeishka" wdÈ YsIHhska" iqn m;kakka we;=¿ mdi,g
iïnkaO ish¨ u mqoa.,hka h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
71
fï issh¨ fokd iu. u hym;a iïnkaO;d f.dvk.d .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'
mdif,a jevlghq;= i|yd m%cdfõ iydh ,nd .ekSu;a" fmdÿ jev
lghq;=j, § m%cdjg iydh ùu;a fuys § isÿ l< yels h'
WÞ(
m%cdfjka mdi,g l< yels jevigyka
- fvx.= u¾okh i|yd Y%uÞkhla meje;aùu
- mdi, wjg u;a øjH úlsŒu je<elaùu
6'14 rEmh - Y%uodk meje;aùu
mdi,ska m%cdjg l< yels jevigyka
- foudmshka i|yd wlaIs idhkhla meje;aùu
- <ud wmfhdack" wmpdr je<elaùu ms<sn| m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu
l%shdldrlu
by; WÞyrK ie,ls,a,g f.k m%cd iyNd.s;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd
l< yels jev igyka j.=jl f.dkq lrkak'
m%cdfjka mdi,g l < yel s
jevigyka
mdif,ka m%cdjg l< yels
jevigyka
72fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
5' fi!LH fiajd m%;sixúOdkh yd tajdhska Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd .ekSu
mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd fi!LH fiajd iqÿiq mßÈ ixúOdkh
lsÍu b;d jeo.;a fõ'
fi!LH fiajd hkq fudkjdo@
Tnf.a fi!LH ;;ajh /l .ekSug;a" by< kexùug;a Woõ jk mqoa.,hka
wdh;k iy jev igyka fi!LH fiajd hkqfjka ye¢kaúh yels h'
fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,g wjYH úúO jevigyka" wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka
ljq±hs wms fidhd n,uq'
mqoa.,hka
• fi!LH ffjoH ks,OdÍ
• uyck fi!LH mÍlaIl
• mjq,a fi!LH ks,OdßKsh
• lDIs ks,OdÍ
• mßir ks,OdÍ
• <ud wdrlaIl ks,OdÍ
wdh;k
• fi!LH ffjoH ks,Odß
ld¾hd,h
• frday,
• fmd,sish
• r;= l=rei ix.uh
• Ydka; fcdaka .s,ka r: ix.uh
• fi!LHÞk ix.uh
jev igyka
• mdi,a ffjoH mÍlaIdj
• mdi,a oka; Ñls;ail fiajh
• m%;sYla;slrK jevigyk
• mdi,a ikSmdrlaIl iólaIKh
• fndajk yd fn da fkdjk fr da. u ev,Sfï
jev igyk
Tnf.a YdÍßl wdndO" ÿ¾j,;d y÷kdf.k tAjdg m%;sldr lsÍu i|yd
fhduq lsÍu fuu fiajd u.ska isÿ fõ' fï fiajdjka ,nd .;a njg
;yjqre lsÍu i|yd Tng YsIH fi!LH igyka" yd m%;sYla;slrKh
ms<sn| jd¾;djla ,nd fokq we;'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
73
fi!LH fiajdj,ska Tng ,efnk m%fhdack rdYshls' tA w;ßka lsysmhla
my; ±la fõ'
- fnda jk yd fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska je<lSug iydh §u
- ksis l,g m%;sYla;slrKh ,nd §u
- oka; fi!LHh wdrlaId lsÍu
- weia fmkSfï ÿ¾j,;d y÷kdf.k m%;sldr ,nd §u
- Wm;ska u yg .;a ldhsl ÿn,;d y`ÿkd .ekSu
- -fmdaIK ;;ajh y÷kd .ekSu
- fi!LH m‚jqv ,nd §u
- wdrlaIdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd §u
6'15 rEmh - m%;sYla;slrKh ,nd §u
l%shdldrlu
my; j.=j mqrjkak
wdh;kh ,enqK
fiajdj
msysá
ia:dkh
meñ‚
mqoa.,hd
fi!LH ffjoH ks,Odß ld¾hd,h
mdi,a oka; Ñls;aid.drh
fmd,sish
frday,
fjk;a
74fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh lsÍu i`oyd Tng l< yels foa
• fi!LH m%j¾Ok lñgq mx;s uÜgfuka msysgqjd .ekSu
• lñgq u.ska fi!LH m%j¾Ok l%shd ud¾. id¾:lj l%shd;aul lrùu
• mdif,a mj;sk kS;s Í;s yd m%;sm;a;s wdrlaId lsÍu
• fi!LH m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s i|yd kj fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍu
• ÿïjeá u;aøjHj,ska je<lS YsIH ifydaor ifydaoßhkao bka uqojd
.ekSu yd wjYH wjia:dj, § úÿ,y,am;s yd .=re uKav,fha iydh
,nd .ekSu
• fi!LH m‚jqv ksji iy iudch fj; f.k hdu
l%shdldrlu
.=re;=udf.a Wojq we;sj" mdi,a fi!LH ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj Tfí
mdi, w.hkak' tu w.h jeä lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾. olajkak'
idrdxYh
fi!LHhg n,mdk idOl ;u md,khg .ekSu u.ska ;udf.a fi!LH
;;ajh ÈhqKq lr .ekSug mqoa.,hkag yelshdj ,nd §fï l%shdj,sh
fi!LH m%j¾Okhhs'
fi!LHj;a iudchla f.dv k.d .ekSsu i|yd mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh
jeo.;a fõ'
mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh o" udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh o fi!LHhg
ys;lr f,i ilid .; hq;= fõ'
fi!LHhg wÞ< m%;sm;a;s ieliSu" mqoa., ksmqK;d iy okqu ixj¾Okh
lsÍu" fi!LHhg ys;lr mßirhla we;s lsÍu" m%cd Þhl;ajh ,nd
.ekSu" fi!LH fiajd m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu yd tAjdhska Wmßu m%fhdack
,nd .ekSu hk f;aud my fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd fhdod .kS'
by; f;aud my Tiafia fi!LHj;a mdi,la m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd Tng
o Þhl úh yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
75
wNHdi 1' fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la hkq l=ulao@
2' fi!LH m%j¾Okfha f;aud fudkjdo@
3' Tfí mdif,a l%shd;aul l< yels fi!LHj;a m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla
,shkak
4' fi!LH m%j¾Okh we;s lsÍug Tn f.dv k.d .; hq;= ksmqK;d
fudkjdo @
5' fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la f.dv kexùu i|yd YsIHfhl= f,i Tng
bgq l< yels hq;=lï yd j.lSï ,shkak'
76fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
7 wkql%Svdj, fhfouq
l%Svdfõ u,, l%Svd" ixúOdkd;aul l%Svd" iq¿ l%Svd" wkql%Svd" úfkdao l%Svd
f,i j¾. lsysmhla mj;S' wkql%Svd hkq m%Odk l%Svdj, oCI;d j¾Okh
i`oyd ks¾udKh lr .kakd l%Svd l%shdldrlï fõ' wkql%Svdj, fh§fuka
i;=g" úfkdaoh fkdwvqj ,efnk w;r ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh
fhda.H;d ixj¾Okh fõ' wkql%Svd wNsu;h mßÈ ks¾udKh lr .; yels
jqj;a" iq¿ l%Svdj,g jvd ixúOdkd;aul njla olakg ,efí'
mdif,a úfõl ld,h i;=áka" úfkdaofhka .; lsÍu i`oyd iq¿ l%Svd
fhdod.; yels nj 6 fY%aKsfha § Tn ±kqj;a jQjd u;l o@ tfuka u 7
fY%a‚fha § Tn ck l%Svd yÞrñka iq,n ck l%Svdj, fhfokakg we;'
fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka Tng wkql%Svdjkays wjYH;dj y÷kd .ekSug;a"
wkql%Svdj, úfYaI ,laIK yd wkql%Svdj, ksr; ùfuka fhda.H;d
j¾Okh jk wdldrh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;a" WmlrK rys;
yd WmlrK iys; wkql%Svdj, fhfoñka Tnf.a úfõl ld,h i;=áka
yd úfkdaofhka .; lsÍug;a yelshdj ,efnkq we;'
wkql%Svdj, wjYH;dj
m%Odk l%Svd i`oyd wjYH oCI;d ;Dma;su;aj" fjfyilska f;drj ir,j
.%yKh lr .ekSug wkql%Svd Tng WmldÍ fõ' tu oCI;d fldgia
jYfhka" ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u wkqj fyd`Èka bf.k .ekSfuka l%Svdfõ
m%ùKfhl= njg m;a ùug yelshdj ,efí'
m%Odk l%Svd i`oyd fuka u ffoksl l%shdldrlï i`oyd o wjYH YdÍßl
fhda.H;dj wkql%Svdj, fh§fuka j¾Okh fõ'
udkisl yd iudÔh fhda.H;d o wkql%Svdj, kshe<Sfuka j¾Okh fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
77
wkql%Svdj, úfYAI ,CIK
• kS;s Í;s ir, h'
• WmlrK rys;j fyda iys;j l%shdldrlï isÿ l< yels h'
• mj;sk bv myiqlï wkqj l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lr .; yels h'
• úfkdaoh iu. u ;r.ldÍ w;a±lSï ,efí'
• wNsu;h mßÈ l%Svd l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lr .; yels fõ'
wkql%Svdj, ksr; ùfuka ldhsl" udkisl yd YdÍßl fhda.H;d j¾Okh jk wdldrh
iudÔh
• lKavdhï ye`.Su j¾Okh ùu
• iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍug yels ùu
• j.lSï ±Ífï yelshdj ,eîu
• kdhl;ajh ±Ífï yelshdj ,eîu
• wka whf.a woyiaj,g .re lsÍug yels ùu
• wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d j¾Okh ùu
• kS;s Í;sj,g wkqj lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ,eîu
• wka whf.a wdrlaIdj ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu
ldhsl
• fjfyi ord .ekSfï yelshdj
,eîu
• m%Odk l%Svdj, Ys,amSh l%u
i|yd mqyqKqj ,eîu
• ffoksl l%shdldrlï i|yd
fhda.H;dj f.dv ke.Su
udkisl
• úfkdaoh yd i;=g ,eîu
• l%Svd i|yd Wkkaÿj we;s ùu
• l%Svd l%shdldrlï ks¾udKhg
fm,öu
• ch" mrdch ú`o ord .ekSfï
yelshdj ,eîu
• m%Odk l%Svdj,g uqyqK §u
i`oyd wjYH wd;au úYajdih
f.dv ke.Su
• iajhx úkh we;s ùu
78fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
we;eï wkql%Svd i|yd WmlrK wjYH fkdjk w;r we;eï wkql%Svd
i|yd WmlrK wjYH fõ'
tA wkqj wkql%Svd j¾. folg fnÈh yels h'
1' WmlrK rys; wkql%Svd
2' WmlrK iys; wkql%Svd
m%Odk l%Svd jeä m%udKhlg WmlrKhla fyda WmlrK lsysmhla
wjYH fõ' lsisÿ WmlrKhla Ndú; fkdlrk m%Odk l%Svd we;af;a iq¿
m%udKhls' tfia jqj;a wkql%Svd fndfyduhla WmlrK rys;j isÿ l<
yels tAjd h'
WmlrK rys; wkql%Svd
yeÍ Èùu
fuu wkql%Svdjg wÞ< m%Odk l%Svdj jkafka u,, l%Svdj, Odjk ;r.
fõ' fuys § Odjk wdrïNh fõ.j;aj isÿ lsÍfï yelshdj j¾Okh
flf¾'
7'1 rEmh
.=rejrhd
I lKavdhu
A B
II lKavdhu
Tng ,efnk ix`×jlg wkqj A f¾Ldj wi, isák isiqjd wdmiq yeÍ ÿj
f.dia B f¾Ldj wi, ;u lKavdhfï isiqjdf.a msgg ;Ügq lr" fma<sfha
miqmig hkak'
túg tu isiqjd wdmiq yeÍ A f¾Ldj fj; Èj f.dia t;ek isák
isiqjdg tfia ;Ügq lr fma<sfha miqmig tl;= jkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
79
uq,ska u ish¨ fokd Èùu wjika l< lKavdhug ch.%yKh ysñ fõ'
kS;s Í;s
• Odjkfha fhfok isiqjd foi yeÍ ne,Su l< fkdyels h'
• msgg ;Ügq lsÍfuka miq muKla Odjkh wdrïN l< hq;= h'
• iSud f¾Ldjg we;=<; isg Odjkh wdrïN l< fkdyels h'
l%shdldrlu
.=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñhf.ka widf.k zßx.d ÈùuZ kï wkql%Svdfõ
fhfokak'
WmlrK iys; wkql%Svd
b,lalhg msßkeóu
fuhg wÞ< m%Odk l%Svdj fjd,sfnda,a fõ' fuu wkql%Svdj u.ska mkaÿj
msßkeófï olaI;dj j¾Okh fõ'
wjYH WmlrK ( fjd,sfnda, 2la
wä 6la muK Wi lKq folla
±,la fyda ,Kqjla
fï i|yd my; ±lafjk mßÈ fjd,sfnda,a l%Svd msáh fyda tA iudk
fjk;a msáhla ilia lr .; hq;= fõ'
7'2 rEmh
6 6
5 4
6 5
3 3
5 56 6
4 5
6 6 5 6
isiqka lKq
±,$ ,Kqj
80fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
fuys § tla lKavdhul wfhl= mkaÿj msßkeófï § m;s; jk ia:dkfha
we;s ,l=K tu lKavdhug ysñ fõ'
kS;s Í;s
• ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg msßkeñh hq;= h'
• msßkeófï § iSud bß mE.sh fkdyels h'
• mkaÿj ±,g Wäka úreoaO msáfha m;s; úh hq;= h'
• mkaÿj ±, Wäka fkdhdu fyda iSud bßj,ska msg;g hdfï § ,l=Kq
5la wvq lrkq ,efí'
fuf,i lKavdhfï ish¨ l%Svlhka msßkeóu l< miq jeä u ,l=Kq
,nd .;a lKavdhu ch.%yKh ,nhs'
mkaÿj mrod Èùu
fuu wkql%Svdjg wod< m%Odk l%Svd" fkÜfnda,a yd u,, l%Svdj, Odjk
biõ fõ' fuys § mmq hejqu yd hIaá yqjudrej hk olaI;d j¾Okh fõ'
wjYH WmlrK ( fkÜ fnda,hla
hIaáhla
A yd B f,i isiqka iudk lKavdhï follg fn§ A lKavdhu
tlsfkld w;r mr;rh óg¾ 2la muK jk fia ljhla idod .kak'
B lKavdhu ljhg msg;ska 7'3 rEmfha mßÈ fma<shla idod .kak'
A lKavdhfï kdhlhd yd B lKavdhfï kdhlhd tl wi, isáh
hq;= hs'
7'3 rEmh
kdhlhskaA
B
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
81
A lKavdhfï kdhlhd fkÜfnda,hla o B lKavdhfï kdhlhd
hIaáhla o .kak'
fokq ,nk úOdkhg wkqj B;,fhka ±lafjk ÈYdjg A lKavdhfï
kdhlhd ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg wkqj fkÜfnda,h w;ska w;g mdia
lsÍu wrUkak'
B lKavdhfï kdhlhd hIaáh /f.k fkÜ fnda,h .uka lrk
ÈYdjg u ljhg msg;ska Èùu wrUkak'
tfia Èjú;a fma<sfha B<`. isiqjdg ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg hIaáh ,nd §
fma<sfha msgqmig .uka lrkak' ta w;r fkÜfnda,h w;ska w;g mdia ù
kdhlhd <`.g wd úg A lKavdhug ,l=Kla ysñ fõ'
fma<sfha ish¨ u isiqka hIaáh /f.k Èùu wjika jk f;la A lKavdhu
mkaÿj w;ska w; hjd ,l=Kq /ia lr .kak'
bka miq lKavdhï fol udre lr kej; fmr fia l%Svdfõ ksr; jkak'
mkaÿj w;ska w; hjd jeämqr ,l=Kq ,nd .;a lKavdhug ch.%yKh
ysñ fõ'
kS;s Í;s
• mmqjg fl<ska mkaÿj heùu;a" há w;a l%uhg hIaá yqjdrej;a isÿ
l< hq;=hs'
• ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg mkaÿj heùu yd hIaá yqjudrej isÿ úh hq;= hs
• ljfha isák wh Odjkfha fhfok whg ndOd fkdl< hq;= hs'
• tlsfkld u`. yßñka mkaÿj mdia lsÍu fkdl< hq;= hs'
lsla fnda,a
fuu wkql%Svdjg wod< m%Odk l%Svdj md mkaÿ l%Svdj fõ' fï uÕska
mkaÿjg mdofhka myr §fï olaI;dj j¾Okh fõ'
wjYH WmlrK ( md mkaÿ folla
fldaka folla
tla ms,lg brÜfÜ ixLHdjla jk fia isiqka iudkj lKavdhï follg
fnfokak'
msáfha f¾Ld folla we`o Bg óg¾ 15la muK ÿßka fldaka fol ;nkak'
lKavdhï fol hq., jYfhka msáfha i,l=Kq l< f¾Ldj,g msgqmiska
isg.kak'
82fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
hq., jYfhka isg .ekSfï § fofokd w;r mr;rh wju jYfhka óg¾
2la j;a ;nd .kak'
Tfí .=re;=udf.a úOdkhg lKavdhï fofla u m<uq hq.,h mkaÿj
mdofhka tlsfkld fj; mdia lrñka fldaka tl jgd /f.k hkak'
bka miq wdmiq /f.k ú;a fma<sfha bÈß <uqka fofokdg mkaÿj Ndr §
fma<sfha msgq mig hkak'
ish¨ fokd u fuh isÿ lr uq,ska u ksu lrk lKavdhu ch.%yKh
,nhs'
kS;s Í;s
• ish¨ u fokd f¾Ldj msgqmi isg wdrïN l< hq;= hs'
• mdofha we;=¿ me;af;ka yd msg me;af;ka mkaÿjg myr Èh hq;= hs'
• iEu hq.,hla u fldaka tl jgd .uka l< hq;= hs'
idrdxYh
m%Odk l%Svdj, oCI;djka fjfyilska f;dr j ;Dma;su;aj mqyqKq ùug
wkql%Svd WmldÍ fõ'
WmlrK rys;j fyda iys;j wkql%Svd ls%hdldrlï ks¾udKh lr .;
yels fõ' wkql%Svdj, kS;s Í;s ir, h' ;u wNsu;h mßÈ tAjd ks¾udKh
lr .; yels h'
wkql%Svdj, kshe<Sfuka ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh fhda.H;d o" l%Svd
olaI;d o ixj¾Okh fõ
7'4 rEmh
2 lKavdhu
1 lKavdhu
15m
2m
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
83
wNHdi 1' wkql%Svd hkq fudkjd±hs y÷kajd fokak'
2' wkql%Svdj, ksr; ùfuka ixj¾Okh jk ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh
fhda.H;d idOl fol ne.ska i`oyka lrkak'
3' Tn leu;s m%Odk l%Svdjla f;dardf.k tu l%Svdfõ tla oCI;djla
j¾Okh i`oyd wkql%Svdjla ks¾udKh lrkak'
84fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mdmkaÿ l%Svdj ldf.a;a is;a weo .kakd iq¨ Woafõ.ldÍ l%Svdjls' w;S;fha
msßñkag muKla iSud jQ md mkaÿ l%Svdj wo jk úg ldka;djka w;r
o m%p,s; ù we;' fuu l%Svdfjys fyd`Èka ksr; ùu i`oyd Wiia YdÍßl
yd udkisl fhda.H;djla ;sìh hq;= h' mkaÿj mdofhka /f.k hdu"
mkaÿjg mdofhka myr §u" mkaÿj md,kh" mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u"
mkaÿj ;=<g úis lsÍu" msáh /lSu" ±,a /lSu" f,i fuu l%Svdfõ olaI;d
rdYshla mj;S'
Tn 7 fY%A‚fha § by; olaI;d y÷kd .;a w;r" mdmkaÿ l%Svdfõ tk
mkaÿjg myr §u yd mkaÿ md,kh .ek ±kqj;a ù we;'
fuu mdvfï § wms mkaÿjg ysfika myr §fï Ys,amSh l%uh tl ;ek
isg isÿ lrk wdldrh yodruq'
md mkaÿ lKavdhul ixhq;sh
md mkaÿ lKavdhulg l%Svlfhda 15 fofkla we;=<;a fj;s' thska 11
fofkl= lS%vd l< hq;= fõ' tA w;ßka tla wfhl= ±,a rlskakd f,i kï
flf¾' udre l< yels w;sf¾l l%Svlhka ixLHdj 3 ls'
mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u
md mkaÿ lS%vdfõ ±lsh yels jeo.;a olaI;djla f,i mkaÿjg ysiska
myr §u y`ÿkajd Èh yels h' fuys § k<f,a bÈß fldgiska tkï k<,a
;,h Wmfhda.S lrf.k myr §u l< hq;= hs' myr b,lal l< hq;af;a
mkaÿfõ yß ueog h' ysfika myr§u b;d wdrlaIdldÍj iy ksjerÈ
8 md mkaÿ l%Svdfõ ksr; fjuq
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
85
Ys,amSh l%uhg isÿ l< hq;= fõ' tfia fkdjqjfyd;a wk;=rej,g ,la
ùug bv we;'
ysiska myr §fï Ys,amSh l%uh fhdÞ .ksñka fuf,i mkaÿj bÈßhg"
jug" fyda ol=Kg yrjd heúh yelss h'
mkaÿjg ysfika myr §fï wdldr
1' tl ;ek isg ysiska myr §u
8'1 rEmh
2' by<g mksñka ysiska myr §u
8'2 rEmh
86fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
3' .=jk; md fjñka ysiska myr §u
8'3 rEmh
tl ;ek isg ysiska myr §u
• tl ;ek isg ysiska myr §fï § mkaÿj foig ±ia fhduq ù ;sìh hq;= hs'
• fnda,h yß ueog k<,a ;,fhka myr Èh hq;= hs'
• myr fokjd;a iuÕ l| ÿkakla fuka msgq mig keó bÈßhg wd hq;= hs'
• fuys § w;a fol Wrysia uÜgug jvd uola bÈßfhka ;sfí'
• Wrysia m%udKhg uola wE;aj mdo ;nd .ksñka YÍrfha iunr;dj
/l .; hq;= fõ'
8'4 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
87
mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u mqyqKq ùu ioyd l%shdldrlï
mkaÿj ;udf.a oE;ska w,a,d f.k k<, bÈßfha ;nd rEmfha ±lafjk
mßÈ ysiska myr fokak
Tn úiska u mkaÿj uola Wv oud my<g meñfKoa § ysiska myr §fï
bßhõj wkqj mkaÿjg myr fokak'
8'6 rEmh
8'5 rEmh
88fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
óg¾ myla muK bÈßfha isák Tfí ñ;=rd" Tn fj; by<ska tjk
mkaÿjg ysiska myr § kej; Tyq fj; mkaÿj hjkak'
óg¾ ;=kla muK ÿßka ñ;=frl= iu. uqyqKg uqyqK,d isg .kak'
mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u u.ska udrefjka udrejg mkaÿj yqjudre
lr.kak'
l%shdldrlu
Tfí .=re;=ud iu. t<suykg f.dia by; tl ;ek isg ysiska
myr §u mqyqKq ùu i|yd l%shdldrlïj, fhfokak'
8'7 rEmh
8'8 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
89
mdmkaÿ l%Svdfõ mkaÿjg ysfika myr §fï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
1' mkaÿj fj; ±ia újD;j fhduq lr ;nd .; hq;= hs'
2' mkaÿfõ yß ueog myr t,a, l< hq;= hs'
3' wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= hs'
idrdxYh
b;d ckms%h l%Svdjla jk md mkaÿ l%Svdfõ olaI;d w;ßka mkaÿjg myr
fok m%Odk l%u folls' tkï mkaÿjg mdofhka myr §u iy ysfika
myr §u h'
mkaÿjg ysfika myr §u k<f,a bÈß fldgiska isÿ flf¾' tys § mkaÿfõ
yß ueog myr t,a, lrkq ,efí'
ysfika myr §u" tl ;ek isg" by<g mksñka yd .=jk; md fjñka
f,i l%u ;=klg isÿ l< yels h'
fuu olaI;dj isÿ lsÍfï § b;d wdrlaIdldÍ úh hq;= h' úúO mqyqKq
l%shdldrïj, fh§fuka fuu olaI;d j¾Okh lr .; yels h'
wNHdi 1' md mkaÿ l%Svdfõ tk ysfika myr Èfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
olajkak'
2' md mkaÿj, ysfika myr §fï l%u ;=k fudkjdo@
3' tl ;ek isg ysfika myr §u lr fmkajkak
90fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
9 Odjk wNHdi mqyqKq fjuq
Tfí mdif,a ksjdidka;r u,, lS%vd ;r.j, § úúO ÿr m%udKhkaf.ka
Odjk ;r. meje;afõ' tys § iuyr l%Svlfhda b;d ksjerÈj w;a yd mdo
p,kh lrñka YÍrh ksjerÈ wdldrhg ;nd .ksñka Odjkfha fhfo;s'
iuyr l%Svlfhda ksjerÈj w;a yd mdo p,kh isÿ fkdlr;s' ksjerÈ
Ys,amSh l%uhg Odjkh lsÍug yelshdj ,efnkafka Odjk wNHdi m%.=K
lsÍu u.sks'
y; fY%a‚fha § Tn úiska isÿ lrkq ,enQ Èùfï uq,sl wNHdi;a w;a md
ksjerÈj p,kh l< hq;= wdldrh;a u;lhg k.d .kak'
úúO kïj,ska mj;sk úúO Odjk wNHdi w;ßka lsysmhla fuu mdvu
wjidkfha § Tng bf.k .; yels h'
Odjk wNHdij, jeo.;alu
u,, l%Svdfõ § Odjkh ;r.ldÍ biõjla f,i fhdÞ .kakd neúka"
th ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg isÿ lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' Odjk wNHdi u.ska
Odjlhdf.a Ys,amSh l%uh muKla fkdj" Odjk fõ.h o jeä lr .;
yels h' úfYaIfhka u flá ÿr Odjkh i|yd Odjk wNHdij, fh§u
b;d jeo.;a fõ'
Odjkfha ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg yev .eiSu i|yd mdo we;=¿ YÍrfha
ish¨ fldgiaj,g wNHdi lsÍu fï u.ska isÿ fõ'
Odjk mshjrl wjia:d folla we;'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
91
I. wdOdrl wjêh ^support phase&mdoh fmdf<dj yd iam¾Yj mj;sk wjia:dj fufia ye¢ka fõ' ^9'1 A &
II. mshdißl wjêh ^flight phase&tu mdoh fmdf<dfjka ñ§ by<g .uka lrk wjia:dj fufia ye¢ka fõ'
^9'1 B &
Odjk wNHdi u.ska fuu wjêj, § isÿ lrk l%shdldrlï ixj¾Okh fõ'
Odjk wNHdi
Odjk irU úúO uQ,dY% u.ska úúO whqßka y÷kajd § we;' tA wkqj
ieliQ fmdÿ wNHdi lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'
Odjk irU A ^Running A&
wdOdrl mdofha m;=, iïmQ¾Kfhka fmd<j yd
iam¾Yj mj;soa§ úreoaO mdoh fmd<jg iudka;rj
by<g tiùu isÿ fõ'
mdoh by<g tiùfï § wdOdrl mdofha m;=, mdo
fldÜgd yd weÕs,s ;=vq olajd ti fõ'
oE;a je<ñfgka kud" Odjkfha § fuka fyd¢ka
fomig p,kh lrhs'
fuu irUh ud¾É lrñka o" ialsma lrñka o" fiñka
ÿjñka o isÿ l< yels h' 9'2 rEmh
9'1 rEmh - Odjk mshjrl wjia:d
A B
92fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
Odjk irU B ^Running B&
9'3 rEmh
fuys § wdOdrl mdoh fyd`Èka È. yeÍ m;=, fmd<j yd iam¾Y ù mej;sh
hq;= h'
úreoaO mdoh oKysiska wxYl 900 g keó fmdf<djg iudka;r jk fia
by<g Tijd oKysfika È. yer fmd<jg myr Èh hq;= h'
túg wdOdrl mdofha m;=, mdo fldÜgd iy weÕs,s ;=vq olajd ti fõ'
oE;a je,ñfgka kud" Odjkfha § fuka fyd¢ka fomig p,kh lrhs'
fuu irUh weúÈñka" ialsma lrñka yd fiñka ÿjñka
isÿ l< yels h'
Odjk irU C ^Running C&
wdOdrl mdoh fyd`Èka È. yeÍ fmd<j yd iam¾Y ù
mej;sh hq;= h'
úreoaO mdoh oKysiska msgqmig kjd ;Ügu m%foaYfha
hg fldgig ú¨fUka myr fok w;r bÈßhg .uka
l< hq;= h'
9'4 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
93
oE;a je<ñfgka kud" Odjkfha § fuka fyd¢ka fomig p,kh lrhs'
fuh o weúÈñka fuka u fiñka ÿjñka o isÿ l< yels h'
l%shdldrlu
l%Svd msáhg f.dia fuu Odjk wNHdi mdo udrelrñka" tl
;ek isg" weúÈñka yd fifuka ÿjñka m%dfhda.slj mqyqKq jkak'
idrdxYh
wdOdrl wjêh yd mshdißl wjêh f,i Odjkfha m%Odk wjê folls'
fuu wjê folg wÞ< l%shdldrlï ixj¾Okh Odjk wNHdi u.ska isÿ
flf¾'
Odjkfha ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uh mqyqKq ùug;a" Odjk fõ.h jeä lr
.ekSug;a Odjk wNHdi jeo.;a fõ'
Odjk irU A" Odjk irU B" Odjk irU C hkq fmdÿ Odjk wNHdi
lsysmhls'
wNHdi Odjk irU A" B" C" isÿ lrk wdldrh m%dfhda.slj m%o¾Ykh lr rEm
igyka iys;j tAjd j.= .; lrkak'
94fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
10 mekSï biõ bf.k .ksuq
u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKhg wkqj mekSï j¾. folls' tkï ;sria mekSï
iy isria mekSï h' ;sria mekSug wh;a biõ folls' tkï ÿr mekSu yd
;=ka msïu fõ' ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%u ;=kla mj;S' tAjd kï¦ t,af,k
l%uh" mdfjk l%uh iy .=jk; md udre lsÍfï l%uh fõ' mdoj,
Yla;sh yd fõ.h tl;= lr ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh lsÍfuka ÿr
mekSfï Wmßu olaI;d fmkakqï l< yels h'
Tn y;ajk fY%a‚fha § mekSfï biõ mqyqKqj i|yd úúO mqyqKq wNHdi
isÿ l< wdldrh u;l we;ehs is;uq'
fuu mdvu u.ska ÿr mekSfï mdfjk Ys,amSh l%uh ms<sn| ukd
wjfndaOhla Tng ,nd .; yels h'
ÿr mekSug wh;a wjê
by; i|yka l< mdfjk" t,af,k yd .=jk; md udre lsÍfï hk ´kE
u ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%uhl m%Odk wjê y;rla olakg ,efí'
1' wj;S¾K Odjkh ^approch run&2' kslaóu$bms,Su ^take off&3' mshdißh$.=jka .; ùu ^flight&4' m;s; ùu ^landing&
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
95
my; 10'1 rEmfhka tu wjê Tng wjfndaO lr .; yels jkq we;'
A B C D
wj;S¾K Odjkh bms,Su .=jka.; ùu m;s; ùu
wj;S¾K Odjkh
ÿr mekSfï l%shdj,sfha § mksk ÿr m%udKh ;SrKh i`oyd kslaófï fõ.h
b;d jeo.;a fõ' wj;S¾K Odjkh u.ska kslaófï fõ.h jeä lr .; yels h'
10'2 rEmh - wj;S¾K Odjkh
10'1 rEmh - ÿr mekSug wh;a wjê
96fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
bms,Su
bms,Sfï wjia:dfõ § bms,Sfï mqjrej u; mdoh fyd`Èka È. yeÍ ;sìh
hq;= w;r ksoyia mdoh fmdf<djg iudka;rj oKysiska keó ;sìh hq;= h'
10'3 rEmh - bms,Su
.=jka.; ùu$ mshdißh
.=jka .; ùfuka miq YÍrfha iu;=,s;;dj /l .; hq;= h' tfuka u
ksjerÈj m;s; ùug iqÞkï úh hq;= h' mdfjk l%ufha § ksoyia mdoh
fmdf<djg iudka;rj fyd`Èka È. yef¾' bms,Sfï mdoh o fyd`Èka È.
yeÍ ksoyia mdoh yd iudka;rj mj;ajd .; hq;= fõ' fuys § oE;a
bÈßhg yd by<g ti ùu l< hq;= h'
10'4 rEmh - .=jka.; ùu$ mshdißh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
97
m;s; ùu
m;s; ùfï § È. yeÍ ;snq mdo fol u yl=<jd .; hq;= w;r bÈßfha ;snQ
w;a YÍrh fomiska miq mig .uka lrhs' mdo fmdf<djg iam¾Y ùu;a
iu. YÍrh bÈßhg we§ hd hq;= h'
l%shdldrlu
Tfí .=re;=udf.a Wmfoia wkqj by; úia;r l< ÿr mekSfï
mdfjk Ys,amSh l%uh mshjfrka mshjr m%fhda.slj isÿ lrkak'
ÿr mekSï biõ ioyd mqyqKq l%shdldrlï
1' tl ;ek isg mdo foflka u ÿr mksk msáhg mkskak'
10'6 rEmh
10'5 rEmh - m;s; ùu
98fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' jï mdoh fhdÞ f.k l=kaÿfjka bÈßhg mksñka f.dia ÿr mekSfï
l%Svd msáhg mkskak' fï wdldrfhka ol=Kq mdofhka o mkskak
10'7 rEmh
3' mdo foflka u bms,S bÈßhg mksñka f.dia ÿr mekSfï l%Svd msáhg
mkskak'
10'8 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
99
4' mshjr myla fyda y;la Odjkh lr bÈßfha we;s fikaáóg¾ 15la
muK Wi ,S fmÜáh u;g tla mdohla ;nd ÿr mekSfï msáhg
mkskak' fuh o udrefjka udrejg mdo ;nñka isÿ l< yels h'
fuys § bms,Sfï mdoh ms<sn| úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
10'9 rEmh
idrdxYh
u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKh wkqj ÿr mekSu hkq ;sria mekSï w;rg wh;a
biõjls'
mdfjk l%uh" t,af,k l%uh" .=jk; md udre lsÍfï l%uh hkqfjka
ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%u ;=kla mj;Ss'
by; ´kE u Ys,amSh l%uhla ;=< wj;S¾K Odjkh" kslaóu" mshdißh yd
m;s; ùu f,i m%Odk wjê y;rla olakg ,efí'
ÿr mekSug wÞ< úúO l%shdldrlï lsÍu u.ska ÿr mekSfï olaI;dj
j¾Okh lr .; yels h'
100fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
wNHdi A fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r B fldgiska f;dard ,shkak
A fldgi B fldgi
ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%ufha m<uq wjêh ÿr mekSu
;sria mekSuls mdfjk l%uh
ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%uhls m;s; ùu
ÿr mekSfï wjidk wjêh kslaófï fõ.h
ÿr mekSfï §" mksk ÿr m%udKh ;SrKh jk
tla idOlhls wj;S¾K Odjkh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
101
11 m%ckl fi!LHh /l .ksuq
;u j¾.hd fnda lsÍu iEu i;ajfhl=f.a u ,laIKhls' ukqIH j¾.hd
fnda lsÍu u.ska ukqIH ixy;sfha meje;au ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd ia;%S
yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;s ieliS we;'
y;ajk fY%a‚fha §" Tn isref¾ úúO moaO;s w;ßka wdydr Ô¾Kh"
Yajik" reêr ixirK iy nysiai%dù moaO;s ms<sn| bf.k f.k we;'
tfia u kj fhdjqka úfha wNsfhda. hgf;a ia;%S yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;s
ms<sn| uq,sl wjfndaOhla yd kj fhdjqka úfha § we;s jk oaú;Shsl ,sx.sl
,laIK o" fhdjqka úfha § we;s jk tu fjkialïj,g uqyqK fok
wdldrh o yÞrd we;'
fï mdvfï § ;j ÿrg;a wms ia;%S yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;sj, jHqyh"
l%shdldß;ajh yd tu moaO;sj, ukd meje;aug n,mdk idOl ms<sn`o
bf.k .ksuq'
mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh
mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh jDIK fldaI ;=< msysá Y=l%dKq ksmojk jDIK
follska o" Y=l% ;r,h ksmoùug odhl jk mqr(ia: .%kaÒh yd Y=l%
wdYhsldfjka o" Y=l% kd,h yd YsYakfhka o iukaú; fõ' mqreI m%ckl
moaO;sh ndysrg újD; jkafka uQ;% ud¾.h yryd hs'
msßñ orefjl= kj fhdjqka úhg <Õd jQ úg § jDIK u.ska Y=l%dKq
ksmoùfï l%shdj,sh wdrïN fõ' Y=l%dKq hkq orejl= ms<sis| .ekSug
wjYH jk ms;D ffi,hhs'
102fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
Y=l% wdYhsldj
Y=l% kd,h
jDIKh
jDIK fldaIh
uQ;%dYh
mqr(ia: .%ka:sh
YsIakh
uQ;% ud¾.h
11'1 rEmh - mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh
ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh
ia;%shlf.a Wl=,a m%foaYh ;=< ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha wjhj msysgd we;'
ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh äïn fldaI follska o" .¾NdYh kï fmaIsuh
wjhjh yd thg újD; jk mef,damSh kd, follska o" .eí f., yryd
.¾NdYh msg;g iïnkaO lrk fhdaks ud¾.fhka o iukaú; fõ'
11'2 rEmh - ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha yrialvla
äïn fldaImef,damSh kd,h
^äïn m%Kd,h&
.¾NdYh
fhdaks ud¾.h
.eíf.,
11'2 rEmh - ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
103
wd¾;j pl%h
.eyekq orejl= kj fhdjqka úhg <Õd ùu;a iu. u l%shdldÍ ;;ajhg
m;a jk äïn fldaI uÕska äïnhla mef,damSh kd,h ;=<g uqÞ yßhs'
fuh äïn fudapkh kï fõ' äïnhla hkq orejl= ms<sis| .ekSu i|yd
wjYH jk ud;D ffi,hhs' äïn fudapkh ;udg fkd±kS u isÿjk
l%shdj,shls' fï iu. u" ms<sis| .ekSula isÿ jqjfyd;a we;s jk l<,h
ms<s.ekSu i|yd .¾NdYh we;=<; wdia;rfha >klu jeä lr .ksñka
iqÞkï fjhs' ms<sis| .ekSula isÿ fkdjQ úg äïn fudapkfhka Èk 14 lg
muK miq fuu wdia;rfha mgl fldgia leä ì£ reêrh;a iu. fhdaks
ud¾.h yryd msg fõ' fuh Tima ùu hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' fufia isÿ jk
reêr jykh idudkHfhka Èk 2-6 olajd ld,hla mej;sh yels h'
.eyekq orejl= m<uq jrg Tima ùu zu,ajr ùuZ" zjeäúhg m;aùuZ hkqfjka
idudkH jHjydrfha ye¢kafõ' jeäúh meñKSu;a iu. idudkHfhka
Èk 28lg jrla äïn fldaIj,ska udrefjka udrejg äïn fudapkh isÿ
lrhs' fufia Èk 28 lg jrla Tima ùu wd¾;j pl%h f,i ye¢kafõ'
iudkHfhka ia;%shlf.a Timaùu jhi wjqreÿ 45 isg 55 olajd ld,fha
§ kejf;a' tA äïn fldaIfhka äïn fudapk l%shdj,sh kej;Su ksid h'
ms<sis| .ekSu
ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh ;=<" äïn fudapkfhka miq äïnh mef,damSh
kd,h Tiafia .¾NdYh fj; .uka lrhs' ,sx.sl tlaùul § ia;%shf.a
fhdaks ud¾.h ;=<g we;=¿ jQ Y=l% ;r,fha we;s Y=l%dKq .eí f., yryd
.¾NdYhg we;=¿ ù mef,damSh kd,h fj; .uka lrhs' mef,damSh kd,h
;=< § yuq jk äïnh iu. Y=l%dKqjla tla ùu ixfiapkh f,i ye¢ka
fõ'
Y=l%dKqj
äïnh
11'3 rEmh- ixfiapkh
104fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
fufia ixfiapkh jq äïnh l%u l%ufhka l<,hla njg m;afjñka
.¾NdYh lrd .uka lrhs' fuu l<,h ms<s.ekSug wjYH fmdaIKh
,nd §ug .¾NdYfha we;=<; wdia;rh iqÞkï fõ'
fufia l<,h .¾NdYh fj; .uka lr tys we;=<; wdia;rh ;=< ;ekam;a
fõ' fuu l<,h .¾NdYh ;=< l%u l%ufhka jeã wx. iïmQ¾K orefjl=
njg m;a fõ' fml‚ je, yryd l<,fha j¾Okhg wjYH fmdaIl
fldgia yd Tlaiscka ujf.ka ,nd.kakd w;r ksmofjk nysiai%dù øjH
ujf.a reêrhg uqÞ yÍ' fï wdldrhg orejd ìys jk ;=re u udi 9 la
muK .¾NdYh ;=< wdrlaIdldÍ f,i jefâ'
m%ckl fi!LHh
;u j¾.hd fnda lsÍfï § mqoa.fhl=g wjYH jk YdÍßl ksfrda.slu"
hym;a udkisl ;;ajh yd hym;a iudc ;;ajh fyd¢ka mj;ajd .ekSu
m%ckl fi!LHh fõ' fï i|yd wdrlaIdldÍ" fi!LHj;a ms<sfj;a mj;ajd
.ekSfï uQ,sl j.lSu Tn i;= h'
m%ckl fi!LHhg ndOd we;s lrk idOl
1' ,sx.sl w;jr yd wmfhdackj,g ,la ùu
2' kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï
3' ie,iqï iy.; fkdjQ .eí .ekSï
4' ,sx.slj iïfma%IKh jk frda.
1' ,sx.sl w;jr yd wmfhdack
17 fjks mdvfï § mdßißl wNsfhda. hgf;a wmpdr yd wmfhdack
ms<sn| bf.k .ekSug Tng wjia:dj ,efí'
wmpdr yd wmfhdack w;rg wh;a jk ,sx.sl w;jr yd ,sx.sl
wmfhdackhkag ,la ùu m%ckl fi!LHhg ndOd we;s lrhs'
ldhsl yd udkisl wmyiqjg m;a lrk ,sx.sl l%shdjlg hful= fhduq
lr .ekSu ,sx.sl wmfhdackhla fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
105
wkjYH f,i YÍßh iam¾Y lsÍu wkjYH ismje<| .ekSï" n,y;aldrfhka
,sx.sl l%shdj, fhoùu" leue;a; we;sj fyda ke;sj wjqreÿ 16 g wvq
orejl= iu. ,sx.sl iïnkaO;d meje;aùu ,sx.sl w;jrj,g WÞyrK
fõ'
,sx.sl;ajh yqjd olajk Ñ;%mg" PdhdrEm yd m%ldYk i|yd fhdojd
.ekSu" tjeks fmd;m; yd ùäfhdamg Ndú;hg fm,Uùu wd§ foa
,sx.sl wmfhdackj,g WÞyrK fõ'
fkdokakd mqoa.,hka o Tn fyd¢ka okakd y÷kk kEoEhska" ñ;=rka
jeks mqoa.,hka o fujeks foa i|yd Tn fmd,Ujd .ekSug W;aidy l<
yels h' tjeks wjia:djl § ñ;=relu fyda kEoElu mfil ,d Tnf.a
wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lr .; hq;= nj u;l ;nd .kak'
Tng we;a;g u wdorh lreKdj we;s mqoa.,hka fujeks l%shd i|yd Tn
f.dÿre lr .ekSug W;aidy fkdlrk nj isf;a ;nd .kak'
l%shdldrlu
my; wjia:djkays § Tfí wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lr .kakd wdldrh
lKavdhï f,i idlÉcd lr bÈßm;a lrkak'
1' ksjfia ;ksj isák wjia:djl §
2' ieKfl<shl § fouõmshka uÕ yereKq wjia:djl §
3' mdif,ka miq ;snQ jevigykla wjidkfha § we¢ß jefgk
fõ,djl ksfjig hEug isÿ jQ úg
,sx.sl wmpdr yd wmfhdackj,g ,la ùu ksid we;s úh yels .eg¨
• wkjYH .eí .ekSï we;s ùu
• ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. je<£u
• udkisl ì`o jeàu
• wOHdmk lghq;=j,g ndOd we;s ùu
• iudc wjudkhg ,la ùu
106fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï
kj fhdjqka úfha § isrer ;ju;a j¾Ok wjia:dfõ miq fõ' orejl=
fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd Wmßu iQÞkula ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha we;s jkafka
jhi wjqreÿ 20 muK jk úg h' tfia jqj o" tA i|yd udkislj yd
iudÔhj iqÞkï ùug ;j;a l,la .; fõ' fufia iQÞkula fkdue;s j
kj fhdjqka úfha § u .eí .ekSula isÿ jqjfyd;a ;ud o j¾Ok wjêfha
miqjk ksid orejdg fmdaIKh ,nd §u wmyiq fõ' .¾NsŒ wjia:dfõ
§ orejd iïmQ¾Kfhka u fmdaIKh i|yd ujf.ka hefmk nj Tng
u;l we;s' fuúg uj yd orejd hk fofokdf.a u j¾Okh wvd,
fõ' ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh ore m%iQ;shla i|yd iQÞkï fkdue;s neúka
ore m%iQ;sfha oS .eg¨ we;s fõ' udkisl yd idudcSh l=i,;d o ;j u
j¾Okh ù fkdue;s fï wjêfha § ud;D;ajfha j.lSu ord .ekSug
iQÞkula .eyekq orejl=g fkdue;' iudc wmjdohg ,la ùu ksid o
udkisl mSvkhg ,la fõ' wOHdmkh iïmQ¾K lrk fuu wjÈfha §
ujl ùu ;=<ska th o lvdlmam,a fõ' orefjl= fmdaIKh lsÍug iy
yÞjvd .ekSug wjYH wd¾Ól ;;ajhla o fï wjêfha § f.dv ke.S
ke;'
by; fya;= ksid ud;D;ajh yd ms;D;ajh hk W;=ï moú ±Íug kshñ;
ldhsl" udkisl yd idudcSh iQÞkula we;s jhil § th i;=áka Ndr
.; hq;= h' ,sx.sl wmfhdackhg ,la fkdùug yels iEu úg u j. n,d
.; hq;= h' hï lsis fya;=jla ksid ,sx.sl wmfhdackhlg ,la jqjfyd;a
jyd u jeäysáfhl=g ±kqï § ffjoH Wmfoia i|yd fhduq úh hq;= h'
3' ie,iqï iy.; fkdjQ .eí .ekSï
orejl= /l n,d .ekSu i|yd wd¾Ól yd iudÔh iQÞkula ;sìh hq;= h'
ie,iqulska f;drj .eí .ekSu ksid mjqf,a hymeje;aug ndOd jk
w;r .íid wdÈhg fhduq ùfuka uj frda.S ùfï isg urKh olajd
w;=reM, we;s úh yels h' wvq mr;rhlska hq;=j ore Wm;a isÿ ùfï §
ujf.a fuka u" orejdf.a o fmdaIKhg;a" udkisl ;;ajhg;a wys;lr
n,mEï we;s fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
107
4' ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.
,sx.sl tlaùula fyda ,sx.sl l%shdj,shla u.ska fndajk frda. ,sx.slj
iïfm%aIKh jk frda. kï fõ' fï i|yd WÞyrK f,i iqÿ ìxÿu
^gonorrhoea&" WmoxYh ^syphilis&" y¾mSia ^herpes simplex&" ,sx.sl
bkakka ^warts& yd tAâia ^HIV/AIDS& kï l< yels h'
,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. fnda ùfuka we;s úh yels .eg¨
• ,sx.sl wjhjj, ;=jd," ierj .e,Sï" fõokd" leiSï" wdÈh we;s ùu
• yDoh" fud<h yd iakdhq jeks wjhjj,g ydks ùu
• udkisl mSvkhg ,la ùu
• iudc wmjdohg ,la ùu
• wOHdmk lghq;= lvdlmam,a ùu
• wdidokh jQ .¾NsŒ ujlf.ka l<,hg frda.h iïfma%IKh ùu
ksid fkdfïrE orejka ìys ùu" u< ore Wm;a we;s ùu yd wx. úl,
orejka ìys ùu
• m%iQ;sfha § ujf.ka orejdg iïfm%aIKh jk we;eï úI îc ksid
orejka wkaO Ndjhg m;a ùu
fkdfïrE ore Wm;a wlaIs frda.
11'4 rEmh - ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. ksid orejkag jk n,mEï
108fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
m%ckl fi!LHh /l .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a jk idOl
1' ksjerÈj ±kqj;a ùu
2' fi!LHj;a p¾hd wkq.ukh lsÍu
3' iudc jákdlïj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu
ksjerÈ ±kqj;a ùu
m%ckl fi!LHh ksis whqßka mj;ajd .ekSug kï tA ms<sn|j ksjerÈ
±kqula ,nd ;sîu jeo.;a h' tA i|yd Tn my; lreKq ms<sn| ±kqj;a
ùu wjYH fõ'
² m%ckl moaO;sfha jHqyh"
² m%ckl moaO;sfha l%shdldß;ajh
² úúO jhiaj, § m%ckl moaO;sfha we;s jk fjkialï
² kj fhdjqka úfha yd .¾NsŒ ld,fha fmdaIK wjYH;d
² ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.
² m%ckl moaO;sfha fi!LHh /l .ekSu i|yd hymqreÿ
² wmpdr" wmfhdack yd wys;lr ,sx.sl p¾hdj,ska je<lSug wjYH
l=i,;d
fi!LHj;a p¾hd
my; olajd we;s fi!LHj;a p¾hd wkq.ukh lsÍu m%ckl fi!LHh
/l .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a fõ'
² fm!oa.,sl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSu
² wm rgg .e<fmk lmq frÈj,ska ksu jQ msßisÿ hg we`ÿï Ndú;h
² újdyh f;la ,sx.sl in|;dj,g fhduq fkdùu
² ,sx.sl in|;d ;u újdyl iylre yd iyldßhg muKla iSud lsÍu
² m%ckl moaO;sh wdY%s; frda.j, § ksis m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
109
iudc jákdlïj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu
wkdÈu;a ld,hl isg mej; tk jákd isß;a úß;a" iïm%Þhka rdYshla
Y%S ,dxlsl iudch i;= h' fï iudc jákdlï /l .ekSu uÕska ukd
m%ckl fi!LHhla mj;ajd .ekSug;a ksfrda.S mrmqrla we;s lsÍug;a
yels fõ' wm iudch ;=< mj;sk tjeks jákd .=Kdx. my; ±la fõ'
² úreoaO ,sx.slhka iu. .re;ajfhka yd ifydaor;ajfhka lghq;=
lsÍu
² wiNH fmd;am;a" iÕrd" ùäfhda" Ñ;%mg" iSã ;eá wdÈh m%;slafIam
lsÍu
² ud;D;ajh yd ms;D;ajh W;=ï moúhla f,i i,ld tys jákdlu yd
j.lSu /flk f,i lghq;= lsÍu
² újdyl ieñhd yd ìß| w;r wfkHdakH wjfndaOh" úYajdih" wdorh"
.re lsÍu jeks .=Kdx. mj;ajd .ekSu
idrdxYh
j¾.hd fnda lsÍu i|yd ia;%S yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;s ieliS we;'
orejl= ms<sis| .ekSu i`oyd wjYH jk ud;D ffi,h jk äïnhla ms;D
ffi,h jk Y=l%dKqjla yd tla ùu ixfiapkh f,i ye¢ka fõ'
fufia we;s jk l<,h mef,damSh kd,h yryd .¾NdYh fj; .uka
lr tys we;=<; wdia;rfha ;ekam;a fõ'
ixfiapkhla isÿ fkdjqjfyd;a .¾NdYfha we;=<; wdia;rfha mgl leã
reêrh iaj,amhla iu. fhdaks ud¾.h yryd msg ùu Tima ùu kï fõ'
iudkHfhka Èk 28 lg jrla isÿ jk Tima ùu wd¾;j pl%h f,i
ye`Èkafõ'
,sx.sl wmpdr yd wmfhdack" kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï" ie,iqï
iy.; fkdjQ .eí .ekSï yd ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. m%ckl
fi!LHhg ndOd we;s lrk m%Odk idOl fõ'
ksjerÈj ±kqj;a ùu;a" fi!LHj;a p¾hd wkq.ukh lsÍu;a iudc
jákdlïj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu;a uÕska m%ckl fi!LHh /l .; yels
fõ'
110fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
wNHdi 1' orejl= ms<sis`o .ekSu i|yd wjYH ud;D yd ms;D ffi, kï lrkak
2' ixfiapkh hkq l=ula o@
3' wd¾;j pl%h Èk 28lg jrla isÿ jkafka flfia±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak
4' ,sx.sl wmpdr yd wmfhdack ksid we;s jk ydks fudkjdo@
5' hym;a m%ckl fi!LHhla mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ jk fi!LHj;a
p¾hd myla kï lrkak
6' kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï whym;a jkafka wehs@
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
111
12 úis lsÍï biõ m%.=K lruq
tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § wm úiska fkdfhla wdldrfha úis lsÍï isÿ flf¾'
úis lsÍu iajdNdúl l%shdldrluls' u,, l%Svdj, § bÈßfhka" me;af;ka
yd by<ska WmlrK úis lrñka úúO biõj, fhfokq Tn ±l we;'
u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKh hgf;a úis lsÍï biõ y;rla olakg ,efí'
tkï" h.=,sh ±óu" ljfm;a; úis lsÍu" fy,a, úis lsÍu iy ñáh úis
lsÍu hk biõ fõ' fï w;ßka ñáh úis lsÍu mdi,a uÜgfï ;r.j,
§ we;=<;a fkdfõ'
miq.sh fY%a‚fha § úúO nr we;s WmlrK úúO ÈYdjka Tiafia úúO
b,lalj,g úis lrñka mqyqKq wNHdij, fhÿKq whqre Tng u;l we;s'
fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka h.=,sh" ljfm;a;" fy,a, hk úis lsÍfï
WmlrK .%yKh lr .kakd wdldrh" WmlrK yqre lsÍfï l%shdldrlï
yd tl ;ek isg WmlrK úis lsÍu iïnkaO wjfndaOhla ,nd .;
yels h'
úis lsÍï biõj, § isÿ jk wk;=rej,ska wdrlaId ùug l< yels foa
.=rejrfhl= fkdue;sj WmlrK úis lsÍu fkdl< hq;= w;r" .=re
Wmfoia wkqj úis lsÍfï § jqj o Tnf.a fuka u wka whf.a o wdrlaIdj
ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'
1' l%Svd msáfha § úis lsÍï WmlrKhla úis lsÍu wksjd¾fhka u
.=rejrfhl=$.=rejßhlf.a wëlaIKh hgf;a isÿ l< hq;= hs'
112fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' WmlrKh l%Svd msáhg f.k hdu iy kej; f.k tAu wk;=rla
fkdjk wdldrfhka l< hq;= hs'
WÞ( fy,a, f.k hdfï § fy,a,h isria w;g bÈßfhka ;nd f.k
hd hq;= h'
3' WmlrK úis lsÍfï § bÈßfhka lsis u flfkl= fkdisáh hq;= hs'
4' .=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñhf.a ix×jlg wkqj tljr úis lsÍu l< hq;= w;r
tljr kej; /f.k wd hq;= hs'
5' m¿ÿ jQ WmlrK úis lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;= hs' thg fya;=j tA u.ska
w;a lemSu" ;=jd, ùu isÿ úh yels neúks'
6' isiqka .ejfik fyda tydg fuydg .uka lrk ia:dkhla úis lsÍu
i|yd fhdÞ fkd.; hq;= hs'
7' WmlrK ´kE u wfhl=g ys;=uf;a .ekSug fkdyels jk fia
iqrlaIs;j ;eìh hq;= hs'
h.=,sh ±óu
YdÍßl fhda.H;djka jk Yla;sh" fõ.h yd iudfhdackh tAlrdYs
úfuka h.=,sh ±ófï Wmßu olaI;d ±laúh yels h' úis lsÍfï yd ±ófï
WmlrK w;ßka jeä u nrla iys; WmlrKh h.=,sh hs'
h.=,sh .%yKh lsÍu yd ;nd .ekSu
h.=,sh .%yKh lsÍfï § w,a, u; fkd.Efjk fia we`.s,s fl<jf¾
fyd`Èka .Efjk fia ;nd .; hq;= hs' udmg we`.s,a, yd iq,eÕs,a, h.=,sh
r`ojd .ekSug wdOdrlhla jYfhka ;sìh hq;= w;r b;sß we`.s,s ;=k
uola úysfok fia ;eìh hq;= h' ^12'1 rEmh&
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
113
fyd`Èka .%yKh lr.;a h.=,sh lkg my<ska" kslg uq," fn,a, hg ;nd
.; hq;= h' YÍrhg wxYl 450l muK fldaKhla mj;sk fia je<ñg"
me;a;g tiù ;sìh hq;= h' ^12'2 rEmh&
12'2 rEmh - h.=,sh .%yKh 12'3 rEmh - h.=,sh ;nd .ekSu
h.=,sh ±óu yqre ùfï ir, l%shdldrlï
1' h.=,sh kshñ; mßÈ ;nd f.k mdo uola wE;a fldg isg .kak'
.=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñhf.a ix×jg bÈßhg úis lrkak'
12'4 rEmh
12'1 rEmh - h.=,sh
114fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' mdo Wrysi uÜgug wE;a fldg isgf.k isg h.=,sh kshñ; wdldrfhka
w;af,ys ;nd .kak'
oKysia kjd uola my;a ù by<g tkjd;a iu. h.=,sh uqÞ yßkak'
fuys § w,a, msg me;a;g hd hq;= h'
12'5 rEmh
tl ;ek isg h.=,sh oeóu
• h.=,sh kshñ; wdldrhg ;nd .; hq;= h'
• mdo Wrysia m<,g ;nd .; hq;= hs'
• oKysia uola kjñka" Wvqlh olaIsKdj¾;j
lrljhs'
• fomd È. yßk w;r;=r" Wvqlh bÈßhg
yrjñka h.=,sh ouhs'
^by; olajd we;af;a tl ;ek isg ol=Kq
w;ska h.=,sh ouk wjia:djls'&
12'6 rEmh
l%shdldrlu
,Sj,ska úl,am h.=,shla idÞ tl ;ek isg h.=,sh ±óu mqyqKq
jkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
115
ljfm;a; úis lsÍu
fuu biõj mqrdK .%Sisfha we;ekaia kqjr mej;s m<uq T,sïmsla ;r.hg
o we;=<;a jq nj i`oyka fõ' ljfm;a; úis lsÍu h.=,sh fuka u Yla;sh"
fõ.h yd iudfhdackh tAlrdYS jq biõjls'
ljfm;a; w,a,d .ekSu
we`.s,sj, wjidk mqrelaj,ska ljfm;a; fyd`Èka w,a,d .kshs' ljfm;af;a
Þrh u; weÕs,s úys§ mj;S' uymgÕs,a, ljfm;a; u; ksoyiaj ;sfí'
ljfm;a; úis lsÍu mqyqKqj i`oyd ir, l%shdldrlï
1' onr weÕs,af,ka uqÞ yefrk mßÈ ljfm;a; fmdf<dj Èf.a fmr<kak
12'9 rEmh
12'8 rEmh - ljfm;a; .%yKh12'7 rEmh - ljfm;a;
116fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' ljfm;a; fyd¢ka .%yKh lr f.k wfÜ b,lalu iefok wdldrhg
w; f.k hkak'
3' onr weÕs,af,ka uqÞ yefrk f,i ljfm;a; me;af;ka bÈßhg úis
lrkak'
12'11 rEmh
12'10 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
117
tl ;ek isg ljfm;a; úis lsÍu
tl ;ek isg ljfm;a; úis lsÍu isÿ lr wdldr folla my; ±la fõ'
ol=Kq w;ska ljfm;a; úis lrk l%Svlfhl= tu wdldr folg ljfm;a;
úis lrk wdldrh yÞruq'
I. • ol=Kq w;ska ouk úg mdo Wrysig iudka;rj ;nd f.k ljfm;a;
bÈßhg uqÞ yßhs'
• ol=Kq mdoh bÈßhg ;nñka iunr;dj /l .kshs'
12'12 rEmh
II. • jï mdoh bÈßfha ;nd isg .kS'
• l| olaIsKdj¾;j msgqmig lrljd ljfm;a; bÈßhg uqÞ yßhs'
• tA iu. u ol=Kq mdoh bÈßhg .uka lrhs'
12'13 rEmh
118fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu
,Sj,ska idÞ .;a WmlrK fhdÞ f.k .=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñh iu.
l%Svd msáhg f.dia by; l%shdldrlïj, m%dfhda.slj ksr; jkak'
fy,a, úis lsÍu
fy,a," u,, l%Svd biõ w;ßka wvqu nrla iys; WmlrKhls' tfia u
úis lsÍfï biõ w;ßka jeä u ÿrla úis l< yels WmlrKh o fy,a,
fõ' fuh úis lsÍfï biõ w;ßka Odjkhl fhfoñka isÿ lrkq ,nk
biõjls'
fy,a, .%yKh
fy,a, .%yKh lsÍug my; l%u Ndú; flf¾'
1' uymg weÕs,af,ka yd onr weÕs,af,ka .%yKh ^12'15 rEmh&
2' uymg weÕs,af,ka yd ueo weÕs,af,ka .%yKh ^12'16 rEmh&
12'15 rEmh 12'16 rEmh12'14 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
119
fy,a, úis lsÍu mqyqKqj i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï
1' óg¾ myla muK wE;g fy,a, úis lrkak'
12'17 rEmh
2' bÈßfha we;s hï b,lalhla fj; fy,a, úis lrkak'
12'18 rEmh
120fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
3' w;a foflka fy,a, w,a,d f.k msgqmig keó fõ.fhka ;=v
fmdf<djg wefkk fia oud .ikak'
tl ;ek isg fy,a, bÈßhg úis lsÍu
12'20 rEmh
• fy,a, ouk ÈYdjg uqyqK,d isáh hq;= hs'
• ol=Kq w;ska fy,a, ouk úg ol=Kq mdoh msgq miska ;eìh hq;= hs'
• w; msgqmig È. yer ysig by<ska fy,a, ouhs' tA iu. u ol=Kq mdoh
bÈßhg ths'
12'19 rEmh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
121
idrdxYh
u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKh hgf;a h.=,sh ±óu" ljfm;a; úis lsÍu"
fy,a, úis lsÍu yd ñáh úis lsÍu hkqfjka biõ y;rla ;sfí' fï
w;ßka ñáh úis lsÍu mdi,a uÜgfï biõ i|yd we;=<;a fkdfõ'
h.=,sh" ljfm;a; iy fy,a, .%yKh lsÍfï kshñ; Ys,amSh l%u mj;S'
h.=,sh ±óu" ljfm;a; úis lsÍu yd fy,a, úis lsÍu tl ;ek isg
isÿ lsÍu Tng o mqyqKq úh yels h'
fï i|yd Tng ir, l%shldrlïj, fhÈh yels h'
wNHdi 1' mdi,a uÜgfuka meje;afjk úis lsÍï biõ ;=kla ,shkak'
2' úis lsÍï biõ i`oyd Ndú; jk WmlrK nr wkqj fm< .iajd
,shkak'
3' h.=,sh" ljfm;a;" fy,a, ksjerÈj .%yKh lr .kakd wdldrh
fmkajkak'
l%shdldrlu
úl,am fy,a,la ks¾udKh lr tl ;ek isg fy,a, úis lsÍu
mqyqKq jkak'
122fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
13l%Svl;aj .=Kdx. j¾Okh
lr .ksuq
iEu l%Svdjlg u kS;s Í;s we;s w;r tu.ska l%Svdj ;=< úkhla yd
idOdrK;ajhla we;s fõ' ;u fm!oa.,sl l%Svd olaI;d fldf;la ;snqK
o iudcfha f.!rjh ,eîug kï Tn wksjd¾fhka u l%Svd kS;s Í;sj,g
fuka u l%Svd wdpdrO¾uj,g o .re l< hq;= h' tfia u l%Svdfõ
ch.%yKhka kS;s Í;sj,ska neyerj ,nd .; fkdyels h'
miq.sh fYa%‚j, § l%Svd kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾u Tn úiska y÷kdf.k
we;s w;r tAjd wkq.ukh lsÍfï jeo.;alu o wjfndaO lrf.k we;'
fuu mdvfuka l%Svd kS;s Í;sj, úldYh" l%Svl;ajh yd ne`ÿKq ksmqK;d
iy l%Svdfõ wdpdrO¾u ms<sn| ;j ÿrg;a ±kqu ,nd .ksuq'
l%Svd kS;s Í;s
l%Svdjla ksjerÈj mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd mkjk ,o iïu;hka l%Svd
kS;s Í;s kï fõ'
u,, l%Svd yd ixúOdkd;aul l%Svdjkays kS;s m%Odk jk w;r iq¿ l%Svd"
ck l%Svd jeks wfkl=;a l%Svdj, Í;s jeo.;a fldg i,lhs' l%Svdfõ
f.!rjh fuka u l%Svlhkaf.a iqrlaIs;Ndjh kS;s Í;s u.ska wdrlaId
fjhs'
l%Svd kS;s Í;sj, wdrïNh yd úldYh
ñksidf.a úúO l%%shdldrlï weiqre fldg f.k l%Svd ìys ù we;'
l%ufhka jHdma; jq fuu l%Svdjka l,ah;a u md,lhkaf.a wjYH;djka
u; ;j ÿrg;a ;r.ldÍ iajrEmhlska meje;aùug lghq;= lrk ,§'
tfy;a tA ;=<ska wk;=re fyda ðú; ydks úula isÿ úh' thg fya;=j tu
l%Svdjka ;=< iSudjka fkdue;s ùu hs' tAneúka kS;s Í;s ;sîfï wjYH;dj
wjfndaO úh'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
123
jd¾;djkag wkqj .%sSl hq.fha § .%Sisfha we;ekaia yd iamdgd fm!r
rdcHhkays meje;a jQ wd.ñl W;aijhkays isÿ lrk ,o l%Svdjka kS;S
Í;sj,g wkql+,j isÿ ù we;' tA w;ßka ls'mQ' 776 .%Sisfha we;ekaia
rdcHfha T,sïmshdys § wdrïN jQ m%:u T,sïmsla Wf<, m%Odk fõ'
13'2 rEmh - merKs hq.fha l%Svd mej;s njg idlaIs
l%ufhka iudcfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. u kj fidhd.ekSï yd w;ayÞ ne,Sï
weiqfrka jq n,mEu fya;=fjka kj kS;s Í;s iïmdokh yd úêu;a ùu isÿ
úh' ;j o úúO rgj, we;s jQ fjkialï yd ;r.ldÍ nj jeä ùu;a iu.
l%Svdj o l%ufhka fjkia ùïj,g ,laj fndfyda l%Svd ixúOdkd;aul
iajrEmhla .kakd ,§' tys § úúO l%Svdjkag wÞ<j Ys,amSh l%u ÈhqKq
jkakg jQ w;r kj l%Svd kS;s Í;S iïmdokh o isÿ úh'
j¾;udkh jk úg u,, l%Svd yd ixúOdkd;aul l%Svdjka md,kh lSßu
i|yd cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;sl l%Svd ix.ï ìys ù we;' tla tla l%Svd
i|yd kS;s Í;s iïmdokh yd ixfYdaOkh ld,hg .e<fmk f,i tu
wka;¾cd;sl ix.ï u.ska isÿ flf¾' tu lghq;= tla tla rgj, § tA
yd ne`ÿKq cd;sl ix.ï u.ska isÿ lrhs'
iuyr ;r.j, ksS;s Í;s wvq w;r úfkdaoldó yd ixialD;sl ,laIKj,ska
iukaú; fjhs' tAjd ck l%Svd hhs y÷kajd È we;' fuys § kS;s Í;sj,g
jvd iduqysl nj" úfkdaoh" úfõlh uq,a lr .;a nj meyeÈ,s h'
124fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu
Tfí mdif,a ckm%sh u ixúOdkd;aul l%Svdjla f;dardf.k tys
j¾;udkfha mj;sk kS;s Í;s ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'
l%Svl;ajh yd ne`ÿKq ksmqK;d
l%Svlfhl= ukd fm!reIhlska hqla; ùug kï Tjqka ;=< j¾Okh lr
.; hq;= ksmqK;d rdYshls'
kdhl;ajh
Tng l%Svd lKavdhul kdhlfhl= f,i lghq;= lrkakg isÿ jqfKd;a
tA i|yd Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= l=i,;d rdYshls' bjiSu" lemùu" Ñ;a;fõ.
l<ukdlrKh" lKavdhï ye`.Su" iqyoYS,S nj jeks kdhl;aj .=Kdx.
tA w;r fõ' tfia u Tng l%Svdj ms<sn`oj o kS;s Í;s ms<sn|j o ukd
jegySulaa ;sìh hq;= fõ' ;SrK .ekSfï § Tn nqoaêu;a f,i yd j.lSfuka
hq;=j lghq;= l< hq;= h' kdhlfhl= jYfhka ;u lKavdhfï ÿ¾j,;d
y÷kd .ekSug Tng yels úh hq;= w;r tajdg ksis ms<shï fhdoñka
lKavdhu ch.%yKh lrd f.k hdug ke;fyd;a lKavdhfï uÜgu
fmr ;snqKdg jvd by< uÜgulg f.k hdug iEu W;aidyhla u
±ßh hq;= h' iEu l%Svlfhl=g u tl yd iudkj ie,lsh hq;= w;r
lKavdhfï f.!rjh yd whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍu" ;r.ldß;ajh yd
Wkkaÿj mj;ajd .ekSu kdhlhd f,i Tn i;= j.lSula fõ'
wkq.dñl;ajh
lS%vd lrk úg Tng ks;r u kdhlfhl= hgf;a jev lsÍug isÿ fõ'
kdhlhd hgf;a wruqK bgq lr .ekSu i|yd iyfhda.fhka l%shd lsÍu
wkq.dñl;aj h hs' tys § Tn kdhl;ajhg .re lrñka tu woyia yd
Wmfoia ms<smÈñka Tyq iu. tlg tlaj lghq;= l< hq;= h' tjeks
wjia:dj, § kdhlhdg ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSug Wmldr lrñka yd ;u
j.lSï ksishdldrj bgq lrñka lKavdhfï wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug
W;aidy l< hq;= fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
125
lKavdhï yeÕSu
fï jk úg;a Tn mdif,a úúO lS%vd lKavdhï ksfhdackh lrk
l%Svlfhl= fyda l%Säldjl úh yels h' tys § ish¨ u ;SrK .ekSï lKavdhï
ye`.Sfuka hq;=j lKavdhug mlaIj isÿ l< hq;= hs' l%Svdj, fh§fï § Tn
iu. tlaj l%Svd lrk wks;a wh iu. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu
b;d jeo.;a fõ' tfia u lKavdhula f,i l< hq;= iEu ld¾hlg u
WfoHda.fhka yd lemùfuka hq;=j iyNd.s úh hq;= fõ'
wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d
l%Svdj, fh§fï § Tng úúO mqoa.,hka iu. iïnkaO;d meje;aùug
isÿ fõ' l%Svlfhl= jYfhka ;u lKavdhfï i.hka" mqyqKqlrejka"
úksiqrejka yd krUkakka iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d mej;aúh hq;= h'
Tjqka lrk úfõpk bjiSug mqreÿ úh hq;= h' fuu ksmqK;dj j¾Okh
lr .ekSfuka iudcfha úúO mqoa.,hka y÷kd .ekSug yd f;areï
.ekSug yels wfhl= njg Tn m;a fõ'
13'2 rEmh - lKavdhï yeÕSu
13'3 rEmh - wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d
126fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
ch mrdch h:d¾:jd§j ms<s.ekSu
l%Svdfõ § flfkl= ch.%yKh lrk úg ;j;a whl=g mrdch ysñ fjhs'
tu ksid ch.%yKh fuka u mrdch o iu is;ska Ndr .ekSug Tng yels
úh hq;= h' ch.%yKfha § wkjYH f,i Woï ùfuka je<lSu;a m%;sjd§
lKavdhï fj; ysßyer fkdlsÍu;a fuys § l< hq;=j we;' tfia u mrdchl
§ ÿl" fldamh jeks Ñ;a;fõ.hka md,kh lr .ekSfï yelshdj;a Tn
i;= úh hq;= h'
Tn ch.%yKhla ,eîu hkq m<uqjekshd ùu u fkdfõ' ;udf.a olaI;dfõ
uÜgu /l .ekSu fyda Bg jvd by< ia:dkhlg hdu ch.%yKhls' Tn
thska i;=gg m;a jkakg mqreÿ jQ úg mrdch ksid ÿlla" fõokdjla we;s
lr fkdf.k ;j ÿrg;a olaI;d j¾Okh lr .ekSug ffO¾j;a jkq
we;' WÞyrKhla f,i óg¾ 100 ;r.h Tn mdif,a § ksu lrkafka
;;amr 13'5 ka hehs is;kak' l,dm ;r.fha § Tng ia:dkhla ysñ
fkdjqK;a Tn ;;amr 13'1 ka ;r.h ksu l<d hhs is;kak' tfia kï
Tnf.a olaI;dj jeä ù we;s neúka tA .ek i;=gq fjñka" Tn ;j;a
ffO¾hj;a úh hq;= fõ'
idOdrK ;r.h
fuh l%Svdfõ f.!rjh /l fok uQ,sl ixl,amhls' flfia fyda ch
.kafkah hk yeÕSu w; yer idOdrK f,i ;r. lr ch .ekSu
l%Svlfhl= jk Tnf.a uQ,sl wfmalaIdj úh hq;= h' jxpd" ¥IK" /jàï
13'4 rEmh - ch mrdch h:d¾:jd§j ms<s.ekSu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
127
yd ;r. mdjd §ï lsis úgl;a fuys § fkdúh hq;= hs' fu u.ska wfkla
l%Svlhkag YdÍßl" udkisl mSvdjla we;s fkdjk w;r Tn ;=< jákd
wdl,am we;s ùu;a isÿ fõ'
l%Svd wdpdr O¾u ^Ethics in sport&
zzl%Svd kS;s Í;s ksis mßÈ mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH .=K O¾u" iïm%odhka
yd hym;a yeisÍï l%Svdfõ wdpdr O¾u f,iska y; fY%a‚fha § bf.k
.;a;d Tng u;l o@
wdpdr O¾uj,g .re lrk l%Svlfhl= iudcfha ;ud weiqre lrk
ish,a,kaf.a u m%Yxidjg ,la fjhs' iudcfha § o hym;a .=Kdx. iy
yelshd j¾Okh ùu;a iÞpdrj;a nj we;s lr .ekSu;a fï u.ska isÿ
fjhs'
tfia l%Svlfhl= úiska ms<smÈkq ,eìh hq;= wdpdr O¾u ms<sn|j ±ka wms
i,ld n,uq'
13'5 rEmh - l%Svd wdpdr O¾u
128fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
kS;s Í;sj,g .re lsÍu
l%Svd ;r.j, § kS;s Í;s jvd;a fyd`Èka ms<smÈñka Ys,amSh l%u yd Wml%u
fhdÞ .kakd úYsIaghka we.hSug ,la fõ' kS;s Í;s lv lsÍfuka Tyqg
fyda wehg tu ;r.fhka bj;a ùug fuka u ;r. ;ykulg ,la ùug
jqj o isÿ úh yels h' fï wkqj Tn úiska kS;s .rel ùu wksjd¾hfhka
u isÿ l< hq;=j we;' fï ;=<ska iudc kS;s Í;s ms<sme§ug mqreÿ ùug;a
kS;s .rel mqrjeisfhl= njg m;a ùug;a Tng yelshdj ,efí'
úksYaphg .re lsÍu
Tn l=uk lS%vdjl fhÿk;a ;r. wdrïNfha isg wjidkh olajd u
úksYaphlrejka iu. wdpdrYS,Sj lghq;= l< hq;= fõ' iqyoYS,Sj
Tjqkaf.a fiajh w.h l< hq;= fõ' ;u jrola fmkajd ÿka úg th iqyoj
ms<s.ekSu;a úksiqref.a jerÈ ;SrKhla fmfkkafka kï lKavdhfï
kdhlhd u.ska kS;Hkql+,j woyia bÈßm;a lsÍu;a Tng l< yels h'
m%;sjd§kag .re lsÍu
Tn iu. ;r. lrk wksl=;a l%Svlhka m%;sjd§ka f,i ye¢kafõ' m%;sjd§
l%Svlhka iu. ñ;%YS,Sj lghq;= l< hq;= w;r lsisúfgl;a Tjqka iu.
.egqï we;s lr fkd.; hq;= h' Tjqkaf.a olaI;d w.h lsÍug ;rï Tn
ksy;udkS úh hq;= w;r m%;sjd§kag jqj o wjYH wjia:dj, § Wmldr
l< hq;= h' l%Svdj udkisl i;=g yd hym; i|yd isÿ lrk fohla nj
Tn u;lfha ;nd .; hq;= fõ'
13'6 rEmh - m%;sjd§kag .re lsÍu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
129
krUkakkag .re lsÍu
krUkakkag l%Svlfhl= flfrys f.!rjh yd m%idoh we;s jkafka
olaI;dj fuka u Tjqka ;=< we;s wdpdrYS,SNdjhghs' fm%alaIlhka
;ukaf.a m%sh;u l%Svlhka yd tlaj l;d lsÍug" w;aika ,nd .ekSug
m%sh lrkq Tn ±l we;' krUkakkaf.a is;a i;=gq fjk f,i ksy;udkS
j lghq;= lsÍu l%Svlfhl= i;= fyd| .=Kdx.hls' l%Svd lsÍfï § Tng
T,ajrika fok" w;a mqä .iñka Tnj Èßu;a lrk ñ;=rka" foudmsh ka we;=¿
krUkakka iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .kak'
udOHfõ§kag .re lsÍu
udOH u.ska l%Svlhkaf.a olaI;d yd Tjqka ms<sn| f;dr;=re l%Svd f,da,Ska
fj; bÈßm;a flf¾' tfia u we;eï úg Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï l%Svlhskaj
wmyiqjg m;a lrjhs' fï lskï wjia:djl § jqj o udOHfõ§ka iu.
wdpdrYS,Sj lghq;= lsÍug l%Svlhka j. n,d .; hq;= h' wjia:djg
wkqj nqoaêu;aj yd bjiSfuka lghq;= l< hq;= w;r Tjqkaj fkdi,ld
yeÍï yd Wmydihg ,la lsÍï fkdl< hq;= h'
mqyqKqlreg" .=rejrhdg .re lsÍu
Tnf.a mqyqKqlre ke;fyd;a .=rejrhd Tn i;= olaI;d TmuÜgï lr
Tnj id¾:l;ajh lrd f.k hhs' Tjqka iu. iqyoYS,S úh hq;= w;r
Tjqkaf.a wjjdo wkqYdikd ms<s.; hq;= h' Tng yels wdldrfhka
13'7 rEmh - krUkakkag .re lsÍu
130fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
lemùfuka hq;=j lghq;= lsßfuka Tjqka ;=< Tn flfrys m%idohla we;s
jkq we;' lsisúfgl;a Tjqka wNsnjd lghq;= fkdlrkak'
l%shdldrlu
kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾uj,g .relrñka l%Svdj ;=< l%Svlhka
lS¾;shg m;a jQ wjia:dj,g WÞyrK imhkak'
l%Svd kS;s Í;s iy wdpdr O¾u ms<s.ekSfuka ,efnk jdis
• l%Svdfõ f.!rjh wdrlaId ùu
• ;r. úksYaph myiq ùu
• iduh wdrlaId ùu
• .eg¨ ksrdlrKhg myiq ùu
• ch mrdch iuj ú`§ug
Yla;sh ,eîu
• ñ;%;ajh j¾Okh ùu
• tluq;= nj j¾Okh ùu
13'10 - rEmh ñ;%;ajh j¾Okh ùu
13'8 rEmh - mqyqKqlrejka" .=rejreka iu. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
131
idrdxYh
ffoksl l%shdldrlï yd wd.ñl W;aij Tiafia l%Svdjka ks¾uKh jQ
w;r tys ;r.ldÍ iajNdjh jeä jk úg ks;s Í;sj, wjYH;dj o mek
ke.=‚' tA wkqj l%Svdjla ksjerÈj mj;ajdf.k hdug l%Svd kS;s Í;s
jeo.;a úh'
f,dalfha úúO rgj, we;s jQ ixj¾Okh;a ;r.ldÍ nj jeäùu;a iu.
l%Svdfõ jHdma;sh isÿ jQ w;r kj kS;s Í;s iïmdokh o isÿ úh'
j¾;udkh jk úg iïu; l%Svd ioyd Bg wÞ< wka;¾cd;sl ix.ï
u.ska ld,dkqrEmSj kS;s Í;s ixfYdaOkh isÿ fjhs'
kdhl;ajh" wkq.dñl;ajh" lKavdhu yeÕSu" wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d
yd ch mrdch h:d¾:jd§j ms<s.ekSu l%Svl;ajh yd ne÷Kq Tn úiska
ÈhqKq lrkq ,eìh hq;= ksmqK;djka h'
kS;s Í;sj,g" úksYaphg" mqyqKqlrejkag" .=rejrekag" m%;sjd§kag"
idudðlhkag" krUkakkag yd udOHfõ§kag .re lsÍu l%Svd wdpdr
O¾u fõ'
wNHdi 1' l%Svd kS;s Í;s wdrïN lsÍug fya;= jQ idOl fudkjd o@
2' l%Svl;ajh iu. Tn ;=< ixj¾Okh jk ksmqK;d fudkjd o@
3' hym;a l%Svlfhl= i;= úh hq;= ls%Svd wdpdr O¾u olajkak
4' l%Svd kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾uj,g wkq.; ùfuka Tng ,efnk
jdis i|yka lrkak
132 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
14wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Kh
/l .ksuq
wdydr hkq uQ,sl ñksia wjYH;djls' fi!LH iïmkak Èúfmfj;la
i|yd flfkl= f;dard .kakd wdydr úYd, jYfhka n,mEï we;s lrhs'
YÍrfha l%shdldß;ajhg iß,k wdydr fkd,efnk úg ukaofmdaIKh;a"
wkjYH ;rï wêlj wdydr .kakd úg wêfmdaIKh;aa we;s fõ' tu
ksid mjq,l iEu iudðlfhl= u iun, wdydr fõ,la .; hq;= h'
wdydrj, wvx.= úh hq;= fmdaIH mÞ¾:" fmdaIK .eg¨" wdydr msróvh"
fi!LHj;a wdydr ,nd .ekSu i|yd ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= wx. wdÈh
ms<sn| fï jk úg Tn bf.k f.k we;'
fuu mdvfuka" mjqf,a fmdaIK wjYH;d" hym;a fmdaIKhg we;s jk
ndOd" wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq" fmdaIK .=Kh
/flk mßÈ wdydr mßfNdackh iy l,a ;nd .ekSu ms<sn| yeoEÍug
Tng wjia:dj ,efnkq we;'
mjqf,a fmdaIK wjYH;d
iEu mjqf,a idudðlfhl=g u iun, wdydr fõ,la wjYH fõ' iun,
wdydr fõ,la hkq uyd fmdaIl jk ldfndayhsfâ%Ü" fm%daàk yd fïoh
wvx.= wdydr o laIqø fmdaIl jk úgñka yd Lksc ,jK wvx.= wdydr
o" ;ka;=uh wdydr o mqoa.,hdf.a wjYH;djg iß,k m%udKhkaf.ka
wvx.= jk wdydr fõ,ls'
wdydrj,ska flfrk m%Odk ld¾hhka iy ta i|yd jeo.;a jk wdydr
j¾. my; ±la fõ'
1' Yla;sh ,nd §u
Yla;s ckl wdydr - lfndayhsfâ%Ü ^msIaGh& iys; wdydr
fïoh iys; wdydr
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 133
2' YÍr j¾Okh
j¾Ol wdydr - fm%daàk iys; wdydr
3' frda.j,ska wdrlaId lsÍu
wdrlaIl wdydr - úgñka" Lksc ,jK
by; i|yka tla tla fmdaIldx.j,ska wjYH m%udKh jhi wkqj
fjkia fõ'
wdydr jÜfgdare ieliSu
mjq,l wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï § mjqf,a tla tla whf.a —fmdaIK
wjYH;d˜ wkqj wdydr jÜfgdare ms<sfh, l< hq;= fõ' tA i|yd .Dys‚h
wjfndaO lr .; hq;= lreKq rdYshls' tA w;r jeo.;a idOl lsysmhla
my; i|yka fõ'
1' mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a jhi
2' fi!LH ;;ajh
3' ia;%S mqreI Ndjh
4' tÈfkÞ l%shdldÍ nj WÞ ( fjfyi ù jev lsÍu
5' úfYaI wjYH;d we;s wjê yd j¾Ok wjê WÞ( .¾Ns‚ ld,h
uõ lsß fok ld,hfrda.S wjia:d
6' reÑl;ajh
7' jrlg .; yels wdydr m%udKh
l%shdldrlu
wdydr wjYH;d fjkia ùug fya;= jk" ksjfia idudðlhka w;r ±lsh yels fjkialï fudkjd o@
134 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mjqf,a fmdaIK wjYH;djg wkqj wdydr jÜfgdare ieliSfï § Wfoa"
Èjd yd rd;%s wdydr fõ,a ;=kla o w;sf¾l wdydr fõ,a folla o ksjerÈj
ieliSu jeo.;a fõ'
wdydr ms<s.ekaùu
ms<sfh, lrk ,o fyda ilik ,o wdydrhla mßfNdackh i|yd
flfkl=g ,nd §u ms<s.ekaùu f,i woyia fõ' fi!LHdrlaIs;j ms<sfh,
lr .;a wdydr ms<s.ekaùu lrk wdldrh b;d jeo.;a fõ'
14'3 rEmh - rd;%s wdydr fõ,a lsysmhla
14'2 rEmh - Èjd wdydr fõ,a lsysmhla
14'1 rEmh - Wfoa wdydr j¾. lsysmhla
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 135
wdydr ms<s.kajkq ,nk ia:dkh b;d msßisÿ ùu yd m%shukdm ùu o
i;=kaf.a ydks yd ueiaikaf.a ysßyer fkdue;s ùu o jeo.;a fõ' Bg
wu;rj wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq lsysmhla we;'
wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
1' wdydrfha fmkqu
wdydr reÑh we;s lsÍug wdydrfha fmkqu b;d jeo.;a fõ' wdydrfha
fmkqu /l .ekSug kï tAjdfha iajdNdúl j¾Kh yd kejqï nj wdrlaId
jk mßÈ wdydr ms<sfh, lr .; hq;= fõ' wdydr wêl f,i ne§ug"
;eïîug ,la ùfuka o" wkjYH f,i lr ùfuka yd ue,ùfuka o tys
fmkqu úkdY fõ'
2' wdydrfha m%ikak nj
ÿgq mu‚ka is;a weo.kakd iq¨ j¾Khla mej;Ssu;a" iqj| yd rih;a"
n÷kaj, ;;ajh;a" ms<s.kajd we;s wdldrh;a wkqj wdydrfha m%ikak
nj mj;ajd .; yels h' úúO msiSfï l%u Ndú;h" úúO j¾K mj;ajd
.ekSu reÑh we;s jk wdldrfhka ilia lsÍu" rih yd iqj| jeä lsÍu"
.e<fmk m%shckl n÷kaj, weisÍu wdÈh u.ska wdydrhg m%ikak njla
,nd Èh yels h'
14'4 rEmh - úúO j¾K iys; ùu
136 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
3' wdydrh ms<s.kajk ms<sfj<
ms<sfh, lr .;a wdydr fjk fjk u Ndckj,g oud w,xldrj yd
l%uj;a j ilia lr .;a lEu fïihl § ms<s.ekaùu u.ska" wdydr reÑh
jeä fõ' mjq,la tlaj wdydr .ekSu mjqf,a iu`.sh" tlsfkld w;r
ne£u iy wjfndaOh we;s ùug;a" iqyo;dj jeä lr .ekSug wjia:dj
,eîug;a fya;= fõ'
ms<s.kajkq ,nk wdydr j¾.h iy wjia:dj wkqj ms<s.ekaùfï wdldr
fjkia fõ'
WÞ(
1' f;a fyda îu j¾. nkafoaishla u; ;ndf.k f.dia ms<s.ekaùu
2' m%Odk wdydr fõ,a lEu fïih u; ;nd ms<s.ekaùu - fuys § tla tla wjia:djg wÞ<j lEu fïih fjkia lr ms<sfh, l< hq;= fõ'
14'5 rEmh - nkafoaishl ;nd ms<s.ekaùu
14'6 rEmh - lEu fïih u; ;nd ms<s.ekaùu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 137
3' frda.sfhl= i|yd wdydr ms<s.ekaùu - fuys § frda.shdf.a fi!LH ;;ajhg .e<fmk mßÈ frda.shdg myiq jk f,i;a" wdydr reÑhla we;s jk f,i;a ms<s.ekaúh hq;= h'
14'7 rEmh - frda.Skag wdydr ms<s.ekaùu
4' wdydrfha fi!LHdrlaIs; nj
ksjfia § b;d msßisÿj ilid .kakd wdydrh úYajdifhka hq;=j
mßfNdackh l< yels h' ieliQ wdydrh ¥IH ùu je<elaùug my;
lreKq ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ'
² ueiaika" lerfmd;a;ka" óhka" yQkka" l=re,a,ka yd ksjfia we;s lrk
n<¨ka" n,a,kaf.ka o wdydr wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd fyd¢ka jid ;eîu
² wdydr ms<s.kajk n÷ka" ye¢ wdÈh msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu
² wdydr j¾.hg .e<fmk n÷ka Ndú;h
WÞ( wdï,sl wdydr i|yd f,day n÷ka Ndú;h kqiqÿiq h'
5' iajia:;d mqreÿ wkq.ukh
wdydr ms<s.ekaùug fmr oE;a inka fhdÞ fia§u iy msßisÿ we÷ïj,ska
ieriS isàu jeo.;a fõ'
138 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
6' wdydrfha m%udKj;a nj
wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § m%udKj;a nj ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a m%udKh yd wjYH;dj wkqj tA tA wdydr m%udKh
ielish hq;= fõ' jeäfhka ieliqjfyd;a b;sß jQ wdydr l,a ;nd f.k
kej; wdydrhg .ekSfï § fmdaIK .=Kh ydks fõ' tfuka u frda.
we;s ùug o fya;= fõ'
7' fïi mqreÿ
fïih u; wdydr mßyrKhg wjYH ye¢" msÕka" w;a msiakd" ùÿre" wdÈh
;nk ms<sfj<la mj;S' fuh ngysr fyda foaYSh l%uhg ilia l< yels h'
wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § fuka u wdydr .ekSfï§ o wkq.ukh lrk fïi
mqreÿ Tn bf.k .; hq;= fõ'
l%shdldrlu
Tn m%dfhda.sl ;dlaIK l=i,;d úIfha § bf.k f.k we;s fïi mqreÿ bÈßm;a lrkak'
14'8 rEmh - fïi mqreÿ
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 139
wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajh kxjd,Sug .; yels ls%hd ud¾.
³ wd¾Ól uÜgug .e<fmk mßÈ ´kE u mjq,lg ;u fmdaIK wjYH;d
imqrd .ekSfï l%shd ud¾. we;' tl u fmdaIH mÞ¾:h ,nd .ekSug
ñ, wêl wdydr fuka u ñ, wvq wdydr o fj<| fmdf<a ±lsh yels h'
tfia u wvq úhoulska ,nd .; yels iajdNdúl" fmdaIŒh wdydr j¾.
o rdYshls'
WÞ (-
- f,dl= ud¿ jeä ñ,la § ,nd .ekSsu fjkqjg fmdä ud¿ wvq ñ,la §
,nd .ekSfuka jeä fmdaIK w.hla ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' fm%daáka
jeks fmdaIlj,g wu;rj fmdä ud¿kaf.a lgq wdydrhg .ekSfuka
Lksc ,jK ^le,aishï& wdÈh o ,efí' tA wkqj fmdä ud¿ fmdaIK
.=Kfhka jeä h'
- wdkhkh lrk wem,a" fÞvï" ñÈ wdÈhg m,;=re l,a ;nd .kakd
ridhksl øjH tl;= lrk wjia:d we;' jeä ñ,la § wem,a" ly
fÞvï" T,sõ wdÈh wkqNjh fjkqjg Bg jvd fmdaIH .=Kfhka b;d
jeä fjr¿" kdrx" w,s.egfmar" fo¿ï" ,djq¿" fmar wd§ ñf,ka wvq
fyda f.j;af;a jefjk m,;=re ,nd .; yels h' fïjdfha fmdaIK
.=Kh o wêl h'
- fjf<|fmdf<a m,d j¾. ñ, § .ekSu fjkqjg f.j;af;a j.d lr .;a
m,d j¾. lsysmhlska ñY% ue,a¨ula idÞ .; yels h' th fmdaIKfhka
wêl h' tfuka u ridhksl øjH wvx.= fkdjk w;r" kejqï h'
- jeä ñ,la f.jd fjf<|fmdf<ka msá lsß melÜ ñ, § .ekSu fjkqjg
kejqï t<lsß fyda Èhr lsß Ndú; l< yels h'
³ ms<sfh, lsÍfï úúO l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu u.ska o wdydrj, fmdaIK
;;ajh kxjd,Sug yels fõ'
WÞ (
- wdydr j¾. lsysmhla tl;= lr msiSu - y;aud¿j" Wmamqud"
le| j¾." ksú;s iu. fldia weg" mßmamq iu. idrK" uqx lsßn;a
t<j¿ i,do
- m,d j¾. lsysmhla tl;= lr ue,ùu - ñY% ue,a¨u
- m,d j¾. i|yd foys" Wïn,lv" fmd,a wdÈh tl;= lsÍu
- j¾Kh fjkia fkdjk f,i t<j¿ msiSu
- yels wdydr wuqfjka wdydrhg .ekSu- lerÜ" f.dgqfld<
140 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
³ ks¾udxY wh ;udf.a fmdaIK wjYH;d msßuefik mßÈ wdydr ilid
.; hq;= h'
WÞ(
- msh,s fNda. OdkH j¾. iu. ñY% lr wdydrhg .ekSu
- weg j¾. iu. ksjqvq iy,a Ndú;h
- y;=" fgda*q jeks wdydr Ndú;h
³ iq,n wdydr j¾. wdydr ysÕ ld,j, § Ndú; lsÍu i|yd l,a ;nd
.ekSfï úúO l%u fhdÞ .kSs' tu.ska wdydr kdia;sh wju lr fmdaIKh
jeä lr .; yels fõ'
WÞ (
- cdä - je,sfldia weg
- wgq fldia - ¨Kq foys
³ óg wu;rj f.j;a; iliqrejï f,i Ndú; lrñka mjqf,a fmdaIK
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug W;aidy l< hq;= h' tuÕska kejqï msßisÿ"
iajdNdúl wdydr ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' tfuka u wd¾Ól uÜgug o th
jdisÞhl fõ'
WÞ (
- fmdaÉÑj, t<j¿ jeùu
- m,;=re isgqùu
- f.dgqfld< jeks m,d j¾. isgqùu
wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajhg ydks we;s jk wjia:d
wdydr ksIamdokfha isg mßfNdackh olajd úúO wjia:dj, § wdydrfha
fmdaIK .=Khg ydks isÿ úh yels h' fuh j<lajd .ekSug kï tu
wjia:dj, § ydks isÿ jk wdldrh wm ±k isáh hq;= h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 141
1' wdydr ksIamdokfha § ydks jk wjia:d
f.dúìu ;=< § fuka u l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< § o wdydrj, fmdaIK
;;ajh ydks ùug bv we;'
f.dúìï ;=< § ydks jk wjia:d
² ridhksl fmdfydr m,sfndaOkdYl wdÈh wêl f,i fyda M,Þj
fk<Sug wdikakj fh§u
² lDñka" f,akqka" l=re,a,ka" W!reóhka" mKqjka jeks i;=kaf.ka ydks
isÿ ùu
l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< § ydks jk wjia:d
² lD;s%u rildrl" j¾Kldrl yd l,a;nd .ekSfï øjH m%ñ;shlska
f;drj Ndú;h
² ksIamdokhg Ndú; lrk wuqøjH wmsßisÿ ùu
² fiajl fiaúldjka fm!oa.,sl iajia:;dj mj;ajd fkd.ekSu
2' wdydr m%jdykfha § ydks jk wjia:d
² m%jdyKh i|yd weisÍfï § megùfï § yd nEfï § ksis l%ufõo fhdÞ
fkd.ekSfuka wdydr ;e<Su"fmdä ùu" iSÍu
² wdf,dalh yd jd;dY%h ksis f,i fkd,eîfuka wdydr ;eïîu"
nelaàßhd" mqia j¾. iE§u yd krla ùu
² wjYH WIaK;ajh /l fkd.ekSfuka wdydr krla ùu
WÞ( fhda.Ü" ólsß" ud¿" uia" i|yd
² ksis f,i wdjrKh fkdlsÍu ksid úIîc" wmøjH wdydrhg tl;=
ùu
14'9 rEmh - wdydr m%jdykh
142 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
3' wdydr .nvd lsÍfï § ydks jk wjia:d
² l,a bl=;a ùfï Èkh fkdi,ld wms<sfj<g wdydr .nvd lsÍu ksid
wdydr kdia;s ùu yd krla ùu
² .nvd lsÍfï § óhka" lerfmd;a;ka" .=,a,ka" fõhka wd§ i;=kaf.ka
wdydrj,g ydks ùu
² kshñ; WIaK;ajh mj;ajd fkd.ekSu
WÞ ( úÿ,sh msßueiSsu i|yd YS;lrKh ls%hd úrys; lsÍu
² wdydr" j¾. wkqj fjka lr fkdweisÍu
WÞ ( uia- ud¿ " whsial%Sï tlg weisÍu
wdydr iu. fnfy;a j¾." úI øjH tlg .nvd lsÍu
4' wdydr ieliSfï § ydks jk wjia:d
² l,a bl=;a jQ" m¿ÿ jQ" mqia ne÷Kqq" krla jQ wdydr Ndú;h
² t<j¿" w¾;dm,a" m,d j¾. lmd fia§u ksid fmdaIH øjH úkdY ùu
² wdydr fndfyda fõ,djla msiSu
² tl u f;f,ys kej; kej; ne§u
² wdydr j¾.hg fkd.e<fmk n÷ka Ndú;h
WÞ( wÉpdre i|yd we¿ñkshï n÷ka
² wdydr msiSfï§ ksjerÈ l%u wkq.ukh fkdlsÍu
WÞ ( u[afØlald mshk újD; lr ;eïìh hq;= h'
² wdydr ilik wh fm!oa.,sl iajia:;dj mj;ajd fkd.ekSu
14'10 rEmh - wdydr .nvd lsÍu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 143
l%shdldrlu
wdydr ilia lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= fi!LHdrlaIs; mqreÿ ,ehsia;=jla ilikak'
5' wdydr mßfNdackfha § ydks jk wjia:d
² l,a bl=;a jQ" krla jQ" mqia ne÷Kq fyda m¿ÿ jq wdydr mßfNdackh
² Ë‚l wdydr iy ksire wdydr Ndú;h
² ridhksl øjH fh¥ wdydr Ndú;h
l%shdldrlu
Ë‚l wdydr yd ksire wdydr mßfNdackh fkdl< hq;af;a wehs ±hs fidhd n,d i|yka lrkak
wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
1' ksIamdÈ; Èkh" l,a bl=;a jk Èkh" wvx.= øjH iy m%ñ;Skag wkql+,
ùu
2' weiqrefï iajNdjh
3' rih" j¾Kh" .| iqj| yd ndysr fmkqu
4' kejqï nj
by; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| i,ld n,d fi!LHj;a wdydr j¾. f;dard
.ekSug wm ±kqj;a úh hq;= fõ'
krla jQ m,;=rej," ud¿j, j¾Kh fjkia fõ' krla jQ fndfyda wdydr
ÿ¾.kaOfhka hqla; fõ' wdydrj, rifhka tys ridhk øjH wvx.=
ùu" l,a bl=;a ù ;sîu wdÈh y÷kd .; yels h' wdydrj, kejqï nj o
j¾Kfhka y÷kd .; yels fõ'
tfia jqj o we;eï wjia:dj, § iajdNdúl j¾Kh lD;s%uj o ,nd §u
fj<|dfï § isÿ flfrk neúka wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § Tn nqoaêu;a
úh hq;= h'
144 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
meyeh" yevh fjkia ùu" isÿre ùu" ,m we;s ùu" yels<Su wd§ lreKq
i,ld wdydrj, ;;ajh tys fmkqfuka o ;SrKh l< yels fõ'
weiqreï ;e,S" msïî" leã fyda bÍ ;sfí kï tys wvx.= wdydr mßfNdackhg
kqiqÿiq fõ'
ksIamdÈ; Èkh yd l,a bl=;a ùfï Èkh mÍlaId lsÍu;a" wys;lr øjH
wvx.= fkdùu;a" m%ñ;s iy;sl ;sîu;a u.ska wdydrfha .=Kd;aul ;;ajh
;SrKh l< yels fõ'
flá ld,hl § mßfNdackh i|yd iQÞkï lrk wdydrj, jeämqr
f;,a yd iSks wvx.= jk neúka jeä Yla;s m%udKhla ,efnk kuq;a
wfkl=;a fmdaIH mÞ¾: wvqfjka mj;S' tneúka tu wdydr fi!LHhg
ys;lr fkdfõ' laI‚l wdydr ^Fast food& iy ksire wdydr ^Junk food& f,i ye¢kafjk tjeks wdydr mßfNdackh iSud l< hq;= w;r"
fi!LH iïmkak wdydr f;dard .ekSug wm j. n,d .; hq;= hs'
l%shdldrlu
Tfí ksjfia § Tn w;a±l we;s wdydr iïnkaO whym;a ;;aj
my; j.=fõ ,shd olajkak
wdydr j¾.h fmdaIKhg w ys;lr jq
fya;=$ fya;=j
uqyqK§ug isÿ jQ
whym;a ;;ajh
fmdaIK .=Kh /flk mßÈ wdydr l,a ;nd .ekSu
wdydr nyq,j we;s ld,j, § jeämqr we;s wdydr ysÕ ld,h i|yd
wdrlaId lr ;nd .ekSu i|yd úúO l%u wkq.ukh flf¾' tys §
wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Khg ydks fkdjk f,i th isÿ l< hq;= fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 145
14'1 j.=j - wdydr l,a;nd .ekSfï l%u
l,a ;nd .ekSfï l%uh wdydr j¾.h
1 úh<Su - ysre rYañfhka$
fmdarKqj, nyd$ .sks;dmfhka
2' iSks ±óu-iSks WKqlr oud
3'YS; lsÍu- YS;lrKhl oud
4' ¨Kq ±óu- ¨Kq leg jYfhka
fyda l=vq jYfhka tl;= lsÍu
5' áka lsÍu - msisk ,o fyda msiSug iqÞkï
lrk ,o wdydr øjH ákaj, weisÍu
6' úir úh<kh ^hka;% u.ska úc,kh&
7' ridhk øjH tl;= lsÍu
8' meiagßlrKh yd ðjdKqlrKh
9' je,s hg ;eîu
10' ÿï .eiSu
11' úkdlsß tl;= lsÍu
12' msiSu
13' ó me‚j, nyd ;eîu
14' weiSÍu - mqjla fld< ^fld<fmd;&
fyda flfi,a fld<j,ska wdjrKh
lsÍu
ud¿" t<j¿" fo,a
wgqfldia" ñßia" lrj," lrú," fldia
uÿ¿" u[af[dlald fm;s lmd" foys
^¨Kq foys ±ñu i|yd&
m,;=re" cEï j¾." mqyq,a fodais"
yl=re
lsß" t<j¿" m,;=re" ud¿" uia" ud.ßka
Öia" fhda.Ü" whsia l%Sï
¨Kq - foys" wU" cdä "ì,sx"
fk,a,s
ud¿" m,;=re" lsß" ilik ,o
t<j¿" ilik ,o uia j¾."
fmd,a lsß" fmd,a
msá l< fmd,a lsß" lsß msá
fldaäh,a" cEï" pÜks" fidaia j¾.
Èhr lsß" l,a lsß
foys" fldia weg" u[af[dalald w,
uia j¾." lrj," fldia uÿ¿" f.drld
wÉpdre j¾." ngqfudacq" fidaia j¾.
ud¿ weUq,a ;sh,a" neÿï" ngqfudacq
uia" m,;=re
yl=re" m,;=re
146 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
idïm%Þhsl wdydr mqreÿ
wmf.a uq;=ka ñ;a;ka wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajh fjkia fkdjk wdldrhg
fyda fmdaIK ;;ajh jeä jk wdldrhg wdydr ilid .ekSug mqreÿ ù
isá njg idlaIs we;' tfia u Tjqyq jeä fmdaIK .=Kfhka hq;a wdydr
;u f.j;af;a u j.d lr .;ay'
Tjqka úiska wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Kh jeä lr .ekSug Ndú; lrk ,o
l%fudamdhhka lsysmhla my;ska ±la fõ'
1' n; msisk úg" fo,a jHxckh idok úg fyda u[af[dlald jHxckh
idok úg uqrex.d fld< fyda je,a ksú;s fld< tl;= lsÍu' fndfyda
úg rïm fld< o tl;= lrhs'
2' iEu W;aij wjia:djl fyda fmdaIKh jeämqr wjYH wjia:djl
y;aud¨j ieliSu
3' wdydr Ô¾K moaO;sfha frda. ^ WordndO" wdydr wreÑh& iqj lsÍug
;eïnqï fydÈ ilid ,nd §u
4' m,d ue,a¨ï idok úg f.j;af;ka ,nd .kakd m,d j¾. lsysmhla
ñY% lr jeä fmdaIKfhka hq;= l<jï m,d ue,a¨u" uqrex.d fld<
ue,a¨u ilid .eksu
5' t<j¿ lsysmhla fhdÞf.k iqma j¾. fyda ñY% jHxck ieliSu
6' idïndre" nqßhdks" fmdka.,a iE§u
7' l=¿nvq Ndú; lsÍu-lrmsxpd" iQÿre" fld;a;u,a,s" bÕ=re" ly" .ïñßia"
f.drld jeks l=¿nvq wdydrj, fmdaIKSh w.h /l .ekSug" Ô¾K
moaO;sfha l%shdldß;ajhg fuka u fi!LH iïmkak njg o bjy,a fõ'
8' ;eïnQ iy,a Ndú; lsÍu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 147
9' le| j¾. f,i neÈ yd,a le|" fld< le`o iy n;a le| Wla yl=re
fyda ls;=,a yl=re iu. mdkh lsÍu
10' l=rlalka fjk;a OdkH iu. ñY% lr ye,m" ;,m" w.a.,d" iy le|
j¾. idÞ .ekSu
11' fldiaj,ska ieliQ wgqfldia" je,sfldia weg iy úh<d .;a fldia
uÿ¿ Ndú;h
13' ¨Kqfoys" wÉpdre j¾." cdä mßfNdackh
l%shdldrlu
Tfí mjqf,a fyda wi,ajeis mßK; jeäysá mqoa.,hkaf.ka
wid ;j;aa idïm%Þhsl" fmdaIHÞhs wdydr ieliqï l%u fidhd
ks¾udKYS,S fmd;a msxpla ilikak'
fmdaIHÞhS flá wdydr
ksire yd laI‚l wdydrj,g úl,am f,i fmdaIHÞhSs flá wdydr
ieliSu Tfí fmdaIKhg ys;lr fõ'
14'11 rEmh
WÞ (
1'wuqt<j¿ lsysmhlska
i,do ie§u
2'kejqï m ,;=re hqI"
m,;=re i,do
3'fhda.Ü$uqojmq lsß
4';eïnQ lv,$uqxweg$
rg lcq
148 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
msßisÿ c,h mßyrKh
mjqf,a fi!LHdrlaIs; nj /lSug msßisÿ c,h Ndú;h jeo.;a fõ'
fi,aishia wxYl ishhl WIaK;ajhl W;=rjd ksjd.;a c,h mdkh l<
hq;= fõ' iqÿiq m%ñ;sfhka hq;a c, fmrkhla Ndú; lsÍu o jeo.;a fõ'
<sx c,h Ndú; lrkafka kï tu c,fha fi!LHdrlaIs; nj mÍlaId lr
jd¾;d ,nd .; hq;= hs'
idrdxYh
mjq,la i|yd wdydr jÜfgdare ieliSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
jkafka mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a jhi" fi!LH ;;ajh" l%shdldÍ nj"
úfYaI wjYH;d" reÑl;ajh" wdydr .kakd m%udKh iy ia;%S mqreI
Ndjh wdÈh hs'
wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï § fuka u ms<s.ekaùfï § o fi!LHdrlaIs;
mqreÿ wkq.ukh l< hq;= fõ' wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh
hq;= m%Odk lreKq kï wdydrfha fmkqu yd m%ikak nj ms<s.kajk
ms<sfj<" fi!LHdrlaIs; nj" iajia:;d mqreÿ wkq.ukh" m%udKj;a
nj yd hym;a fïi mqreÿ wdÈh hs'
wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajh kxjd,Sug .; yels l%shdud¾. rdYshls'
tA w;r" fmdaIŒh wdydr f;dard .ekSu" ms<sfh, lsÍfï ksjerÈ
l%u Ndú;h" f.j;a; wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd fhdÞ .ekSu" iqÿiq
mßrlaIK l%u Ndú;h wdÈh i|yka l< yels h'
wdydr ksIamdokh" m%jdykh .nvd lsÍu" ieliSu" mßfNdackh hk
wjia:dj,§ wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Kh ydks ùug bv we;s neúka ksjerÈ
l%u wkq.ukh lrñka fmdaIK ;;ajh wdrlaId lr .; hq;= fõ'
fi!LHj;a wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § ri" j¾Kh .| iqj|" ndysr fmkqu"
kejqï nj" weiqrefï iajNdjh" ksIamdÈ; Èkh" l,a bl=;a jk Èkh
wvx.= øjH wdÈh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'
fmdaIK .=Kh /l .ekSu i`oyd w;S;fha Ndú; l< úúO idïm%Þhsl
wdydr mqreÿ fndfyduhla mj;S' tfia u wdydr mßrlaIKh i|yd o
úúO l%u fõo Ndú; l< yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 149
wNHdi
yryg
1&wdydrj, fuu ,laIKh ÿgq
mu‚ka wdydr .ekSug leue;a;la
we;s fõ'
2&wdydr fuka u wm YÍrhg wjYH
fohls'
4&mqjla fld< fyda flfi,a mr~e,a
j,ska wdjrKh lsÍu u.ska l,a
;nd .kS'
5&frda.sfhl= i`oyd ilik wdydr
fõ,la fufia úh hq;=h'
mdvu weiqßka my; i|yka m%fya,sldj mqrjkak'
j j
y re
r y
fida
w f;a <
we
r cq
1
5 6
8
4
9
12
11
10
7
2 3
9&wdydr ieliSfï § wjYH
m%udKhg jvd blaujd hdfuka
fndfyda wdydrj,g fufia isÿ
fõ'
10&fuu jhia ldKavh o fmdaIHÞhS
wdydr ,nd .ekSu ms<sn|
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
12&fïoh nyq, wdydr j¾.hls'
150 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
my<g
1&mjq,l idudðlhka i|yd wdydr
jÜfgdare ieliSfï § ie,ls,su;a
úh hq;= idOlhls'
2&c,h wvqfjka mdkh lsÍu ksid
fuu bkaøshhka ÿ¾j, fõ'
3&iQ¾hdf,dalh ,nd.ksñka
iajdNdúlj wdydr
ksIamdokfha fhfoa'
6&wdydrj, iqj| yd rih ,nd
.ekSug fuu Ydlfha fld<
len,s lr ouhs'
7&wdydr lsysmhla ñY% lr
ilid .kakd ,o idïm%Þhsl
iy .=KÞhl wdydrhls'
8&whsial%Sï ksIamdokhg o fjk;a
wdydrj,g o fuu udY fNda.h
fhdÞ .kS'
9&foys" f. drld" ;lald,s
wdÈfhys weUq,a rihg fya;= fõ'
11&úkdlsß tl;= lsÍu fyda
msiSu u.ska ilid .kakd ,o
wdydrhls' l,a ;nd .; yels
h'
ms<s;=re
yryg - 1' j¾Kh 2' j;=r 4' yl=re 5' ir< 9' wmf;a hdu 10' <ud 12' rg lcq
my<g - 1' jhi 2' jl=.vq 3' ;=re 6' rïm 7' y;a ud¿j 8' fidahd weg 9' wï, 11' fudacqq
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
151
15fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;dj
j¾Okh lr .ksuq
rfÜ Y%u n,ldhg tla úfï iqÿiq jhig t<fUñka isák Tn fi!LHj;a
kj fh!jkfhl= úh hq;= h' fi!LHj;a nj /l .ekSug kï YdÍßl"
udkisl yd iudÔh fhda.H;d ksis mßÈ mj;ajd .; hq;= h' YdÍßl
fhda.H;dj hkq YdÍßl l%shdldrlï id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug wm i;=
yelshdjka h' tu yelshdjka YdÍßl fhda.H;d .=Kdx. f,i ye¢kafõ'
YdÍßl fhda.H;dj olaI;d wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;dj iy fi!LHh
wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;dj f,i fofldgils' fuu fofldgi u úúO
l%shdldrlï u.ska jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'
y;ajk fY%aKsfha § YdÍßl fhda.H;d idOl myla o" tu idOl iajdNdúl
l%shdldrlï weiqfrka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug iqÿiq l%shdldrlï o tu idOl
uek ne,Su i`oyd fhda.H mÍlaIK o ms<sn`o ±kqula Tn ,ndf.k we;'
fuu mdvfuka tÈfkÞ Ôú;h fi!LHj;aj .; lsÍu i|yd wjYH
—fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;dj˜ hkak y`ÿkd f.k tys idOl ixj¾Okh
lsÍug iqÿiq l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùfuka fi!LHh wdYs%; fhda.H;dj
jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'
wms WoEik wj§ ù rd;%S kskaog hk f;la u úúO YdÍßl l%shdldrlïj,
fhfouq' fuu YdÍßl l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § wmg úúO p,k ±laùug
isÿ fõ' wm olajk fuu p,k úúO uÜgïj,ska isÿ flf¾'
fuu l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § iEu mqoa.,hl=g u tl fia fjfyila
fkd±fka' tla wfhl=g tu l%shdldrlï lsÍu myiq jk w;r' ;j;a
wfhl=g tu ld¾hh lsÍug fjfyila ±Íug isÿ fõ' fufia fjkialï
isÿ jkafka wehs ±hs Tn is;d ne¨jd o? thg fya;= jkafka tla tla
mqoa.,hka i;= YdÍßl fhda.H;dfõ mj;sk fjkialï h'
YdÍßl fhda.H;dj
152fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
ye¢kaùfï § wm i|yka l< tÈfkÞ ls%hdldrlï id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug
wm i;= yelshd YdÍßl fhda.H;d .=Kdx. fuka u YdÍßl fhda.H;d
idOl" YdÍßl fhda.H;d ix>gl jYfhka o y`ÿkajhs' fuu YdÍßl
fhda.H;d .=Kdx. úúO jHdhdu lsÍu" úúO l%Svdj, fh§u iy fjk;a
l%shdldrlïj, fh§u u.ska jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'
fi!LHh wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;dj
Tnf.a YÍrh ks¾udKh ù we;af;a moaO;s tAlrdYS ùfuks' fuu moaO;s
tlg tl;= ù l%shd lrk wdldrh wms WÞyrKhla weiqßka i,ld n,uq'
Tn l%Svd msáfha § l%slÜ l%Svd lrk úg mkaÿj we,a,Sug fõ.fhka mkaÿj
foig Èj .sh wjia:djla isys lrkak' Tn ÿjk úg yDo iamkaokh
^.eiau& yd yqiau .ekSfï jdr .Kk jeä fõ' YÍrhg wjYH jeämqr
Tlaiscka m%udKh ,nd .ekSug Yajik jdr .Kk jeä úh' tu Tlaiscka
YÍrh mqrd fõ.fhka fnod yeÍug yDoh fõ.fhkA l%shd;aul ù yDo
iamkaok fõ.h jeä úh'
fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;d idOl hkq" wmf.a tÈfkÞ fi!LH ;;ajh
mj;ajd .ekSug iDcqj Þhl jk idOl fõ'
1' yDohdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj (cardiovascular endurance)2' fmaYsuh oeÍfï yelshdj ^mascular endurance)3' fmaYsuh Yla;sh ^muscular strength)4' kuH;dj ^flexibility)5' YdÍßl ixhq;sh ^body composition)
by; olajk ,o fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;d .=Kdx." mqoa.,hl=f.a fi!LH
;;ajh hym;aj mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
fi!LHh wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;d idOl
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
153
yDohdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj
fuu fhda.H;dj yDoh yd fmKy¨ wdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj f,i o ye¢kafõ'
fuh l%Svdfõ § b;d jeo.;a idOlhla fõ' YÍrfha l%shdldß;ajfha §
Tlaiscka Ndú; fõ' wmøjH f,i ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ksmofõ' Yajik
moaO;sh YÍrhg wjYH Tlaiscka ,nd .kshs' tu Tlaiscka YÍrfha
ffi,j,g f.k hkafka reêr ixirK moaO;sh u.sks' wmøjH f,i
msg jk ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ffi,j, isg reêrh u.ska fmKy¨ fj;
f.k f.dia m%Yajdih u.ska fmKy¨j,ska bj;a flf¾' tA wkqj fuu
l%shdj,shg Yajik moaO;sh yd reêr ixirK moaO;sh odhl fõ'
yDohdYs%; ±Ífï yelshdj hkq YdÍßl jHdhdïj, § iy
l%shdldrlïj, § yDoh yd Yajik moaO;sh fyd`Èka l%shd;aul
ù YÍrfha udxY fmaYs fj; jeä Tlaiscka iemhqula ,nd §ug
we;s yelshdjhs'
yDohdYs%; ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍug l%shdldrlï
fuu l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § yDo iamkaokh idudkH yDo iamkaok
fõ.hg jvd uola jeä úh hq;= h' idudkH yDo iamkaok fõ.fhka
Tnf.a tÈfkod l%shdldrlïj, fldmuK ld,hla ksr; jqj;a th fuu
fhda.H;dj j¾Okhg bjy,a fkdfõ'
tfia kï mhska .uka lsÍfï § läirj uola fõ.fhka weú§u"
tÈfkod l%shdldrlïj,g hka;% iQ;% Ndú; fkdfldg YÍrh fjfyid
tu ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu u.ska fï i|yd wjYH jHdhdu f.or§ u isÿ
l< yels h'
WÞ(
• läirj weú§u
• nhsisl,a me§u
• ye,afï Èùu (Jogging)" fifuka Èùu
• msyskSu
• iajdhq jHdhdïj, ksr; ùu
15'1 rEmh - nhsisl,a me§u
154fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
by; l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùfuka Tnf.a iajik moaO;sh yd reêr
ixirK moaO;sh fyd`Èka l%shd;aul ù fuu fhda.H;d idOlh j¾Okh
fõ'
yDohdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okfhka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack
1' Tlaiscka fnod yeÍu yd Tlaiscka Ndú; lsÍfï yelshdj jeä fõ'
2' YÍßh ;=< l%shdldß;ajh ksid ksmojk wmøjH blaukska msg ùu isÿ
fõ'
3' wvq uykaishlska jeä ld¾hhka m%udKhla bgq lsÍug yels fõ'
4' l%Svd l%shdldrlïj, olaI;d j¾Okh fõ'
5' udkisl i;=g we;s fõ'
6' jeämqr we;s fïoh oykh iy tu.ska nr md,kh ùu'
l%shdldrlu
úkdä myla ye,afï Èùug fmr yd Èùfuka miq yDo iamkaok
fõ.h yd Yajik fõ.h ukskak'
fmaYsuh ±Ífï yelshdj
Tnf.a mdo yd w;a p,kh lrkak' fuu p,kfha § udxY fmaYs l%shd
lrk wdldrh fyd`Èka mßlaId lrkak' WoEik wjÈ ùfï isg kskaog
hk f;la Tnf.a YÍr p,khg fmaYs moaO;sh WmldÍ fõ' fuh È.=
ld,hla lsÍu i|yd fmaYs moaO;sfha ±Ífï yelshdj fyd`Èka j¾Okh
úh hq;= h'
fmaYsuh oeÍfï yelshdj hkq fmaYshlg fydA fmaYs ldKavhlg"
blaukska fjfyig m;a fkdù fyda fjfyi ord .ksñka YÍrfha
p,k jeä fõ,djla mj;ajd .ekSug we;s yelshdj hs'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
155
fmaYsuh ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍug l%shdldrlï
fuu l%shdldrlï jeä jdr .Kkla fyda jeä ld,hla ;=< ksr; ùu
jeo.;a fõ' tfia u fuu l%shdldrlï fmaYsj,g nrla ±fkk f,i isÿ
úh hq;= h' tA i|yd Tnf.a YÍrfha nr fhdodf.k fyda wu;r nrla
fhdodf.k isÿ l< yels h'
WÞ (
• l`ÿ ke.Su
• je,af,a Èùu
• mäfm< ke.Su
• úúO mekSfï l%shdldrlïj,
ksr; ùu
• hka;% u.ska flfrk jHdhdu
^wu;r nrla fhdod .ekSu&
• mdmkaÿ" neâñkagka jeks
l%Svdj, ksr; ùu
• È.= fõ ,djla j;af;a W o¨ .Eu"
l=Uqre flàu" or me<Su" ,sf|ka
j;=r we§u jeks l%shdldrlïj,
ksr; ùu
fmaYsuh ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okfhka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack
1' uykaisfhka f;drj jeä ld,hla hïlsis ld¾hhl fh§ug yelshdj
,efí'
2' wvq fjfyilska jeä ld¾h m%udKhla lsÍfï yelshdj ,efí'
3' l%Svd l%shdldrlïj, olaI;d j¾Okh fõ'
15'2 rEmh - mdmkaÿ l%Svdfõ fh§u
l%shdldrlu
mka;sfha ish¨ fokd lKavdhï follg fnfokak' tla
lKavdhula rjqula idÞ .kak' tu rjqu ;=<g wks;a lKavdhu
meñfKkak' rjqfï isák tla wfhl= ueo isák lKavdhfï
whj l=kaÿfjka mksñka w,a,kak' wiq jQ wh ;r.fhka bj;a
fj;s' l=kaÿfjka mkskakd fjfyig m;a jQ úg rjqu jgd isák
Tyqf.a lKavdhfï fjk;a wfhl= tA i|yd fhduq lrhs'
156fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
fmaYsuh Yla;sh
nr bis,Sfï l%Svdj i`oyd bÈßm;a jk l%Svlhkaf.a YÍrfha yevh yd
Tjqkaf.a lemS fmfkk udxY fmaYs Tn ±l we;' Tnf.a w;a yd mdo fuka
fkdj Tjqkaf.a YÍrfha udxY fmaYs fkrd fmaYSkaf.a yevh fyd¢ka
±l .; yels h' fudjqkaf.a fmaYsuh Yla;sh jeä h' nr Wiq,k lS%vlhl=
ch.%yKh lrkafka jeä nrla tiùfuks' jeä nrla tiùu i|yd fmaYsuh
Yla;sh wjYH fõ' tfia u flá ÿr Odjlhkag o mekSï yd úis lsÍï
biõ i|yd bÈßm;a jk l%Svlhkag o fmaYsuh Yla;sh jeo.;a fõ' nr
Tijk /lshdj, kshqla; whg o jeä fmaYsuh Yla;shla wjYH fõ'
tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § Tng nrla ;,a¨ lsÍug" weof.k hdug fuka u
nrla tiùug o fmaYsuh Yla;sh wjYH fõ'
fmaYsuh Yla;sh j¾Ok lsÍug l%shdldrlï
fuu l%shdldrlï udxY fmaYsj,g jeä nrla ,efnk fia wvq jdr
.Kkla isÿ lsÍu jeo.;a h'
WÞ(
• mekSfï l%shdldrlï
• mqImaia ^Push - ups&• yd*a iafldÜ ^Half - squatt& • WmfoaYlhl= hgf;a nr bis,Sfï l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍu
• nr biS,Sfï hka;% u.ska lrkq ,nk jHdhdu
• tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § nr WmlrK ;,a¨ lsÍu" <sf`oka j;=r
we§u" nrla fhdÞ ú,anefrdaj f.k hdu wd§ l%shdldrlï
isÿ lsÍu
fmaYsuh Yla;sh hkq hï ld¾hhla bgq lsÍu i|yd
YÍrfha udxY fmaYsj,ska ksmoúh yels n,h hs'
} fïjd
jvd;a iqÿiq
jkafka jhi
wjqreÿ 17ka miqh'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
157
15'3 rEmh - mqImaia 15.4 rEmh - yd*a iafldÜ
fmaYsuh Yla;sh j¾Ofhka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack
1' udxY fmaYs yd reêrkd, fyd¢ka j¾Okh ùu
2' fmaYsj,g reêr iemhqu jeä ùu
3' fmaYs l%shdldß;ajh j¾Okh ùu
4' udxY fmaYsj,ska jeä n,hla ksmoùug yels ùu
5' udxY fmaYsj, ukd fmkqu ksid YÍrhg fyd| yevhla ,eîu
6' l%Svd olaI;d j¾Okh ùu
l%shdldrlu
fofokd ne.ska uqyqKg uqyqK ,d isg f.k w;a,g w;a, ;nd
bÈßhg yd msgqmi oE;a f;rmkak' fuys § fofokdf.a u tl u
me;af;a mdoh bÈßfhka ;nkak'
Tn ðïkdiaála l%Svdj isÿ lrk l%Svl l%Säldjka ±l ;sfí o@ Tjqkaf.a
l%shdldrlï wkqj YÍrh keùu isÿ jkafka l=uk ia:dkhlska±hs Tn
fidhd ne¨jd o@ YÍrh p,kh l< yelafla ikaê ;sfnk ia:dkj,ska h'
kuH;dj
158fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § mqoa.,hkag úúO bßhõj, ksr; ùug isÿ fõ' tA
i|yd YÍrh úúO ikaê Tiafia keùug iy È. yeÍug isÿ fõ' l%Svd
l%shdldrlïj, § o kuH;dj b;d jeo.;a fõ' kuH;dj wvq jqjfyd;a
wmf.a ld¾hlaIu;dj wvq fõ'
kuH;dj hkq ikaêhla yryd jeä mrdihlska p,kh ùug
fyda we§ug we;s yelshdjhs'
kuH;dj j¾Okh lsÍug l%shdldrlï
• úúO wefok iq¨ jHdhdïj,
ksr; ùu
• ðïkdiaála l%shdldrlïj, ksr;
ùu
• fhda. jHhdï lsÍu
• msyskSu
• k¾;kh
• by< we;s fohla .ekSu" ìu
jegqKq hula weys,Su" f.dhï
lemSu" nrla weof.k hdu jeks
tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha l%shdldrlïj,
ksr; ùu
kuH;dj j¾Okh lsÍfuka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack
1' ikaê wdY%s; wdndO wvq fõ'
2' ikaê Wmßu l%shdldÍ uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug yels h'
3' ksjerÈ bßhõ we;s fõ'
4' iunr;dj we;s fõ'
5' l%svdfõ jeä olaI;d m%o¾Ykh l< yels h'
l%shdldrlu
fomd bÈßhg È.= lr ìu jdä ù l| kud ±;a È.= lr" fomfha weÕs,s ;=vq we,a,Sug W;aidy lrkak'
15' 5 rEmh - csïkdiaála l%shdldrlï
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
159
YdÍßl ixhq;sh
wfma YÍrh ;ekS we;af;a c,h" fm%daàka" Lksc ,jK" iy fïoh tl;=
ùfuks' YÍrh ;ekS we;s tu øjH fldgia follg fnÈh yels h'
1' fïouh fldgia
2' fïouh fkdjk fldgia
fïouh fldgig YÍrfha ;ekam;a ù we;s fïo mgl wh;a fõ' fïouh
fkdjk fldgig YÍrfha we;s fmaYs" wiaÓ" iu" c,h wdÈh wh;a fõ'
YdÍßl ixhq;sh hkq YÍrh ;ekS we;s úúO fldgiaj, tl;=j hs'
úúO mqoa.,hkaf.a YÍrj, Wfiys yd uyf;ys úúO fjkialï olakg
,efí' uy; YÍßj, iu hg ;ekam;a ù we;s fïo m%udKh jeä h'
flÜgq YÍrj, fïo ;ekam;a ù we;s m%udKh wvq h'
YdÍßl ixhq;sh ksjerÈ m%;sY;hg mej;Su fi!LHj;a njg fya;= fõ'
l%Svlfhl=f.a YdÍßl olaI;d yd YdÍßl ixhq;sh w;r ukd in|;djla
mj;S' YdÍßl ixhq;sh ksjerÈj mj;ajdf.k hdfuka YÍrhg myiqjla
±fkk w;r olaI;d wdYs%; YdÍßl fhda.H;d j¾Okh lr .ekSug th
WmldÍ fõ'
ksjerÈ YÍr ixhq;shla mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï
• jhig yd fhfok l%shdldrlïj,g m%udKj;a mßÈ iun, wdydr
,nd .ekSu
• wêl iSks" f;,a" ¨Kq wvx.= wdydr wju lsÍu
• YÍrfha fïoh oykh jk jHdhïj, Èklg wju f,i úkdä 30 la
j;a ksr; ùu
WÞ( fõ.fhka weú§u" fifuka Èùu" iajdhq jHdhdïj, ksr; ùu
k¾;kfha fh§u
• tÈfkÞ f.or jev lghq;=j, läirj" l%shdYS,Sj ksr; ùu
• tÈfkÞ lghq;=j, § hka;% Ndú; fkdfldg tA i|yd ;udf.a Y%uh
jeh lsÍu
160fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
• yels iEu úg u mhska .uka lsÍu" mäfm<j,a ke.Su
• úfõlh yd kskao ksis f,i ,nd .ekSu
• u;a meka yd u;aøjH Ndú; fkdlsÍu
ksjerÈ YÍr ixhq;shla mj;ajd .ekSfï m%fhdack
1' ksis YÍr ialkaO o¾Ylhla mj;ajd f.k hdug yels fõ'
2' fïo m%;sY;h wvq ùu ksid YÍrhg ksis yevhla yd myiqjla ,efí'
3' fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska je<lSug WmldÍ fõ'
4' YÍrh ld¾hlaIuj yiqrejd .; yels fõ'
5' oKysia yd j<¨lr wdY%s; ikaê wdndO wju fõ'
15' 7 rEmh - k¾;kfha fh§u
15' 6 rEmh - fifuka Èùu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
161
l%shdldrlu
ßoauhdkql+, ix.S;hlg wkqj k¾;khla fyda jHdhdï ud,djla ks¾udKh lr l%Svd msáfha § tys ksr; jkak'
wNHdi
my; j.=j mqrjkak'
fhda.H;d idOlh fhda.H;d
idOlh
ye¢kaùu
fhda.H;dj j¾Okh
i|yd l%shdldrlï
fhda.H;d j¾Ok
lsÍfuka ,efnk
m%fhdack
yDohdY%s; ±Ífï
yelshdj
fmaYsuh ±Ífï
yelshdj
fmaYsuh Yla;sh
kuH;dj
YdÍßl ixhq;sh
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
1'
2'
idrdxYh
YdÍßl fhda.H;dfõ tk fi!LHh wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;d idOl wmf.a fi!LH ;;ajh fyd¢ka mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd iDcqj u Þhl fõ'
fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;d idOl kï yDohdYs%; ±Ífï yelshdj" fmaYsuh
±Ífï yelshdj" fmaYsuh Yla;sh" kuH;dj iy YdÍßl ixhq;sh fõ'
úúO l%shdldrlï" jHdhdu" l%Svd iy tÈfkÞ isÿ lrk l%shdldrlï
wdÈfha .e<fmk mßÈ ksr; ùfuka by; i|yka l< tla tla fhda.H;d
idOl jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
162
16Ôjk ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh
lr .ksuq
mdi,a orefjl= jYfhka Tn weiqre lrk ióm;u iudc mßir fol kï
Tfí mjq, yd mdi,hs' fï mßir fol ;=< § wfkla idudðlhka iu.
ñ;=relñka id¾:lj jev lghq;= lrf.k hdug Tng úúO l=i,;d
wjYH fõ' fï i|yd YdÍßl l=i,;d muKla fkdj ufkda iudÔh
l=i,;d o b;d jeo.;a h' tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § yuq jk wNsfhda.j,g
fyd¢ka uqyqK §ug wjYH jk yelshdjka jk fïjd Ôjk l=i,;d"
Ôjk ksmqK;d" ufkda iudÔh l=i,;d hk kïj,ska o ye¢kafõ'
yhjk iy y;ajk fY%A‚fha § Tn udkisl yd iudÔh hymeje;aug
fya;= jk fuka u" úúO wNsfhda. ch .ekSug o wjYH jk Ôjk
ksmqK;d rdYshla bf.k f.k we;' tfia u" udkisl fhda.H;dj /l
.ekSu i`oyd Ñ;a;fõ. iunr;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï l%u" Ñ;a;fõ.
iunr;djg n,mdk idOl yd th mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu;a" ta
i`oyd Tn ;=< j¾Okh l< hq;= Ôjk ksmqK;d;a bf.k f.k we;'
fuu mdvfuka Tn fuf;la y÷kd .;a uQ,sl Ôjk ksmqK;d oyh
w;=ßka" M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh" Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh" iylïmkh"
hk l=i,;d fuka u" iudcdkqfhda.h iy lKavdhï yeÕsï o ixj¾Okh
lr .ekSug wjia:dj ie,fia'
Ôjk ksmqK;d
Tfí mdif,a miq.sh ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aijh isyshg k.d .kak'
fï l%Svd Wf<, i|yd uq¿ mdi, u iyNd.S jQjd fkao@ úúO biõj,
§ ch .kakg we;af;a lsysm fofkl= mu‚' tfy;a iuia;hla jYfhka
.;a l, th uq¿ mdi, u tl;= ù i;=gq jQ wjia:djls' th id¾:l lr
.ekSug Tn we;=¨ wfkl=;a isiqka" .=rejreka yd foudmshka ish,a,kaf.a
u mßY%uh jeo.;a úh' ye, yemamSïj,ska f;drj" ld¾hlaIuj lghq;=
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
163
lr tu W;aijh id¾:l lr .ekSug fya;= jQ úúO mqoa.,hka i;= Ôjk
ksmqK;d fudkjd±hs wms idlÉPd lruq'
M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh
M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh hkq ;u woyia meyeÈ,sj m%ldY lsÍug;a" wka
whf.a woyiaj,g weyqïlka §ug;a we;s yelshdj fõ'
lKavdhula f,i l%shd lsÍfï § M,ÞhS ikaksfõok yelshdj b;du;a
jeo.;a h' Tn m%ldY l< woyi wka wh f;areï .;a;d ±hs kej;;a
úuid n,kak' Tn lKavdhfï wfkla idudðlhkaf.a woyiaj,g tlÕ
fkdjkafka kï wfkla mqoa.,hdf.a is; fkdßfok wdldrhg th m%ldY
l< hq;= h' .eg¨jla mek keÕs úg iqyoYS,Sj" iDcqj l:d fldg tla ù
úi`ÿï fiúh hq;= h' iuyr wjia:dj, § jpkfhka m%ldY fkdl<;a
wfkla mqoa.,hd wi;=fgka miq jk nj tu mqoa.,hdf.a uqyqfKka"
yeisÍfuka yd wx. p,kfhka Tng f;areï .; yels h' túg tu ;ekg
iqÿiq f,i l%shd l< hq;= h'
úúO lKavdhï l%Svdj, § tu lKavdhïj, idudðlhka ikaksfõokh
lrk wdldrh Tn ±l ;sfí o@ úfYaIfhka fjd,sfnda,a yd l%slÜ l%Svdj,
§ idudðlhka úúO wx. p,k yd úOdk u.ska meyeÈ,sj laI‚lj
m‚jqv yqjudre lr .kakd whqre wmQre h' ;r.h w;r ueo § jqj o
16'1 rEmh - mka;s ldurfha § ikaksfõokfha fh§u
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
164
.eg¨jla mek kex. úg ;r.h uolg kj;d Tjqyq tlaj idlÉPd
lr;s' kdhlhd wka whf.a woyiaj,g o weyqïlka § ;SrKhla f.k
l%shd;aul lrhs' thg wka ish¨ idudðlfhda iyfhda.h olaj;s' tla
tla iudðlhka ;u ;ks leue;a;g l%shd l<fyd;a l%Svdfõ § th ksh;
mrdchg fya;= fõ'
M,odhS ikaksfõokh iys; wfhl=f.a ,laIK
³ wka whf.a woyiaj,g ijka §u
³ iqyoYS,Sj l:d lsÍu
³ ;u woyia meyeÈ,sj yd iqyoj m%ldY lsÍu
³ wka whf.a woyia Tjqkaf.a yeisÍfuka y`ÿkd .ekSu
l%shdldrlu
Tng mx;sh ;=< mj;ajk Ñ;% m%o¾Ykhla ixúOdkh lsÍug
Ndr ÿkakd hhs is;kak' tys kdhl;ajh f.k wksl=;a ñ;=rka
thg iyNd.s lrjd .ekSug;a" iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSug;a mx;sh
bÈßfha Tn mj;ajk ±kqj;a lsÍfï mqxÑ l;djla ks¾udKh lr
th bÈßm;a lrkak' tla tla whf.a l;dj, wvq mdvq iy tla
úh hq;= lreKq idlÉcd lrkak'
Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh
16'2 rEmh - Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh i|yd Ndjkd lsÍu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
165
Ñ;a;fõ. hkq wm is; ;=< fyda ndysr l%shdldß;ajfha fjkialï we;s
lrk laI‚l udkisl ;;aj fyda is;=ú,s h' úúO wjia:dj, § wmg
i;=g" úkaokh jeks m%ikak Ñ;a;fõ. fuka u ÿl" ;ry jeks wm%ikak
Ñ;a;fõ. o we;s fõ' Ñ;a;fõ.hla we;s jQ wjia:djl § th y`ÿkd f.k
nqoaêu;aj is;d n,d hym;a m%;spdr ±laùu Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh hs'
miq.sh fY%aKsj, § Ñ;a;fõ. iunr;dj f,i Tn bf.k .;af;a fuu
Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh u fõ'
l%shdldrlu
my; ±lafjk wjia:dj, § Tng we;s jk ye`.Sï iy Tn l%shd
l< hq;= wdldrh olajñka j.=j mqrjkak'
wjia:dj ye`.Su m%;spdrh
WÞ( lKavdhï l%Svd ;r.hl §
wjika ia:dkh ,eîu
ÿl" ,eÊcdj iskduqiqj ch.%dyS
lKavdhug iqn
me;Su" mrdchg
fya;= jQ lreKq
fidhd n,d tAjd
ksjerÈ lr .ekSu
(i) ñ;=frl= wukdm ùu
(ii) Tfnka isÿ jQ w;miq
ùulg .=re;=ñh wjjdo lsÍu
(iii)Tfí nd, fidfydhqrd
yÈisfha wikSm ùu
(iv)úNd.hlska Tng Wiia u
m%;sM, ,eî mx;sfha
m<fjkshd ùu
(v) Tfí mx;sfha isiqfjl=
iuia; ,xld
;r.hlska ch ,eîu
(vi) Tn wirK wfhl=g Woõ lsÍu
(vii).x j;=rg yiq ù Tfí fmd;a
m;a úkdY ùu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
166
m%ikak yd wm%ikak Ñ;a;fõ. hk foj¾.h u m%ldY lsÍug yd m%;spdr
±laùug iqÿiq yd kqiqÿiq l%u we;' hï mqoa.,fhl= Ñ;a;fõ. i|yd
m%;spdr olajk wdldrh wjia:dj" fm!reIh" w;a±lSï" jhia uÜgu fyda
Ôj;a jk mßirh wkqj fjkia jk whqre Tn 7 fY%a‚fha § bf.k .;a
whqre u;la lr .kak'
mka;s ldurfha § fyda l%Svdmsáfha § o úúO Ñ;a;fõ. wmg we;s fõ'
ch.%yKfha § i;=g" úkaokh jeks Ñ;a;fõ. o" mrdcfha § ÿl" ,eÊcdj"
;ry jeks Ñ;a;fõ. o" wk;=re fyda wdndO we;s jQ wjia:dj, § fõokdj
jeks Ñ;a;fõ. o we;s úh yels h' ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aijfha § cjk
yd msáh ;r.j, § ch.%yKh ,enQ isiqka yeisreKq wdldrh u;la
lrkak' w;a by<g Tijd" m%S;s f>daId lrñka" ksjdi Och Tijdf.k
msáh jgd hñka ;ukag iyfhda.h ±lajQ whg wdpdr lrñka Tjqka
;u i;=g m%ldY lrkakg we;' mrdð;hd iuyr úg uq,ska ;u ÿlauqiq
nj uqyq‚ka yd wx. p,kfhka m%ldY l< kuq;a miqj iskyuqiqj
;r. ;SrKh ms<sf.k" ch.%dylhdg w;g w; § iqN m;kakg we;s'
ch.%dylhd iuyr úg zTn;a fyd| ;r.hla ÿkakdZ jeks m%ldYhla
lrkakg we;s' fï hym;a f,i m%;spdr ±laùuls'
mrdch ,enQ whg TÉpï lsÍu" wfkla whg lrorhla jk fia f>daIdldÍ
f,i yeisÍu" ch.%yKh ieuÍug u;ameka mdkh lsÍu yd ch.%dylhd
fyda ;r. ;Srl iu. nyska nia ùu" l%slÜ ms;a; fyda /lÜgqj oud
.eiSu jeks yeisÍï Ñ;a;fõ.j, § whym;a m%;spdr ±laùug WÞyrK
fõ'
ukd Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh ;=<ska wka;¾mqoa., in|;d oshqKq ù"
ch mrdch iuj ú| ord .ekSfï yelshdj we;s jk w;r" Tn m%shukdm
mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
167
iylïmkh
iylïmkh hkq wka whg we;s jk yeÕSï tA wdldrfhka u f;areï
f.k tu mqoa.,hdg tu yeÕSu ord .ekSug Wmldr lsÍuhs' flfkla
hï lrorhlg fyda ÿllg m;a jQ wjia:djkays § th y`ÿkdf.k Wmldr
lsÍu fyda iykhla ,nd §u iylïmkfha wx. fõ' tfia u i;=gl §
tA wh iu. i;=g fnÞyÞ .ekSu o thg wh;a fõ'
úfõl ld,fha § fiksre" ksfrdaO yd f,dapk l%Svd msáhg f.dia fi,a,ï
l<y' ÿjk w;r;=r § fiksre jeà" k<, .,l je§ f,a .,kakg mgka
.;af;a h' Tyq fõokdfjka y~kakg úh' fï ÿgq wfkla hy¿jka fofokd
Tyq fj;g f.dia Tyq ke.sgqjd ¥ú,s msi ±uqy' —Thdg f.dvla ßfokjd
o@˜ ksfrdaO weiqfõ h' — nh fjkak tmd' fi!LHÞkhg .syska whsia
álla ;sínd u ßÈ,a, wvq fõú˜ f,dapk mejiqfõ h' ñ;=rkaf.a iekis,s
joka weiQ fiksref.a fõokdj o wvq úh' ;sfokd u fi!LHÞkhg f.dia
m%;sldr /f.k kej; mx;shg wdfõ iskduqiq uqyqKqj,sks'
by; wjia:dfõ § wfkla ñ;=rka fofokd l,n,hg fyda ìhg m;a
jQfha kï fyda ñ;=rdf.a fõokdj iuÉp,hg ,la lf<a kï ;=jd, ,;a
isiqjdg iykhla ,efnkafka ke;' wfkla fofokd ñ;=rdf.a fõokdj
f;areï f.k Wmldr lsÍug fhduq ùu ksid ñ;%;ajh ;j;a Yla;su;a
úh'
16'3 rEmh - iylïmkh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
168
l%Svd W;aijh w;r;=r § ;r.hlska mrdchg m;a jQ isiqkag wfkla
hy¿jka i,lk wdldrh Tn ±l we;s' msgg ;Ügq lr" Tjqkaf.a W;aidyh
w.h lr" îug hula § Tjqka iu. ld,h .; lr ÿl ;=kS lr .ekSug
Wmldr lsÍu iylïmkh olajk wjia:djls' iylïmkfhka hq;=j
yeisÍu hym;a iudc iïnkaO;d we;s lr .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
l%shdldrlu
Tfí mx;sfha bf.k .kakd isiqfjl=f.a uj /lshdjla i|yd
úfoaY.; ùu ksid Tyq ÿlska isà' Tyqg Wmldr lrk whqre
myÞ fokak'
by; uq,sl Ôjk ksmqK;dj,g wu;rj my; wx.hka ÈhqKq lsÍu o
udkisl" iudÔh hymeje;aug jeo.;a fõ'
iudcdkqfhda.h
iudcdkqfhda.h hkq ;ud Ôj;a jk iudc mßirhg .e<fmk f,i yev
.eiSu hs' úúO iudc mßirhkays yeisßh hq;= wdldrh yd kS;s Í;s úúO
h' WÞyrKhla jYfhka mdif,a kS;s Í;s yd Tfnka wfmalaId lrk
p¾hdjka ksjfia § fouõmshka Tfnka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk yeisÍï
rgdjg jvd ;rula fjkia h' fufia ksjfia §" mdif,a §" Wmldrl
16'4 rEmh - mka;s ldurfha mßirhg yev .eiSu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
169
mx;sj, §" l%Svd msáfha §" nia r:fha § wd§ úúO ia:dkhkays § tu
ia:dkhg .e<fmk f,i yev .eiSu yd l%shd lsÍu Tnf.a id¾:l;ajhg
fya;= fõ' hym;a .;s mej;=ï" iqyoYS,S ikaksfõokh wd§ ,laIK fï
iEu ia:dkhl § u jeo.;a nj u;l ;nd .kak' lKavdhula f,i
l%shd lsÍfï § tluq;=lu" ch mrdch tl;= ù tl f,i ú`o ord .ekSu"
wfkla idudðlhka Èßu;a lsÍu wdÈh hym;a iudcdkqfhda.fha wx.
fõ'
rejka.s YsIH;aj úNd.h iu;a ù fjk;a mdi,lg we;=<;a jQfha i;=áks'
tkuq;a m<uq i;sfha u wE isáfha uy;a idxldfjks' w¿;a mdif,a ks,
we÷ï" kS;s Í;s fndfyduhls' ksjdi ,dxckh iuyr Èkl me,`§ug
wu;l jqjfyd;a YsIH kdhlhkaf.ka wjjdo ,efí' fmr mdif,a
kï ksjdi ,dxckh me,`Èh hq;af;a ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aij ld,hg
muKls' tmuKla fkdj mx;sfha isiqka .Kk o fmr isá mdi,g jvd
jeä h' Tjqka ñ;%YS,s jqj;a úfõl ld,hg fi,a,ï lsÍug lsisfjl=
fidhd .ekSug ke;' fojk i;sh mgka .;a úg rejka.s tl u fma<sfha
isá fk;=,s yd ñ;% jqjd h' fk;=,s wehg mdi,a kS;s Í;s ms<snoj lshd
ÿka miq ks, we÷u ms<sno m%Yakh úi`ÿ‚' úfõl ld,hg isiqka fndfyda
fokd ;u ;uka idudðl;ajh ork iñ;s iud.ïj, jev lghq;= i|yd
iyNd.S jk nj fk;=,s rejka.sg mejiqjd h' rejka.s weh;a iu. mßir
ix.ufha jev i|yd Èfkl iyNd.S jQjd h' bka miq wehg o mßir
ix.ufha idudðl;ajh ,nd .ekSug wdYdjla we;s úh' i;s lsysmhla
.; jk úg ;j;a fhfy<shka lsysm fofkla u wehg uqK.eis‚' weh
±ka mdi,a hkafka b;d i;=áks'
by; WÞyrKfhka w¿;a mdi,lg we;=¿ jQ isiqúh tu w¿;a mßirfha
kS;s Í;s yd isiq p¾hdjka y÷kdf.k tu mßirhg iqÿiq f,i yev.eiS
we;s nj Tng f;areï hkakg we;' rejka.s tu mdi,a mßirhg yev
.eiSug W;aidy fkdl<d kï weh mx;sfha yqfol,d ùug bv ;snq‚'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
170
lKavdhï yeÕSu
l%Svd W;aijfha § iEu fokdg u cjk yd msáh fyda wfkl=;a ;r.j,g
iyNd.S ùug wjia:djla fkd,efí' tkuq;a ksjdifha yd mdif,a
id¾:l;ajh Wfoid úúO l%shdldrlïj,g isiqyq Þhl fj;s' iuyre
lKavdhï biõ i|yd iyNd.S fj;s' iuyre wdpdr fm<md,shg fyda
irU ixo¾Ykhg iyNd.S fj;s' ;j;a iuyre ksjdi l+vdrï iE§ug o"
wdydr iemhSug o" ixúOdk lghq;=j,g o Woõ lr;s' ish,af,da u ;r.
meje;afjk wjia:dj, § fjkila fkdue;sj ;u ksjdifha ;r.lrejka
Èßu;a lr;s' ch ,enQ wjia:dj, § th i;=áka ú| ord .ekSu o" mrdch
,enQ úg § tlsfkld Èßu;a lr .ekSu o lr;s' uq¿ W;aijfha u
id¾:l;ajh ieu fokdf.a iyNd.s;ajh yd l=i,;d u; r`od mj;S'
kuHYS,S nj" bjiSu" wdpdrYS,S nj" wka whf.a woyiaj,g weyqïlka
§u yd .re lsÍu" iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu wdÈh fuka u wm by;
bf.k .;a M,Þhs ikaksfõokh" iylïmkh" Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh
yd iudcdkqfhda.h o lKavdhï l=i,;d i|yd fya;= fõ'
l%Svd W;aijfha § muKla fkdj mx;s ldurfha § o" lKavdhula f,i
lghq;= lrk iEu wjia:djl § u by; ±la jQ .=Kdx.hka id¾:l;ajh
i|yd bjy,a fõ' f,dalfha ckdorhg m;a jQ ud¾áka ¨;¾ lska.a"
f;f¾id uõ;=ñh jeks mqoa.,hka o id¾:l l%Svlhka ;=<ska o by;
16'5 rEmh - lKAvdhï l%shdldrlï
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
171
.;s ,laIK olakg ,enq‚' mdif,a § yd l%Svdmsáfha § ÈhqKq lr .kakd
fuu l=i,;d miq l,l § Tng iudcfha § id¾:l mqrjeisfhl= ùug
WmldÍ jkq we;'
idrdxYh
tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § yuq jk wNsfhda.j,g jvd;a M,ÞhS f,i uqyqK§ug
wjYH jk hym;a p¾hdjka Ôjk ksmqK;d kï fõ'
M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh" Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh" iylïmkh"
iucdkqfhda.h" lKavdhï yeÕSu jeks l=i,;d Tfí Ôú;fha
id¾:l;ajhg fya;= fõ'
fuu l=i,;djka lKavdhula f,i lghq;= lsÍfï § o" iudcfha wka
mqoa.,hka iu. in|;d mj;ajd .ekSfï § o id¾:l;ajh i|yd jeo.;a
fõ'
1' M,odhS ikaksfõokhla we;s lr .ekSug Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= ,laIK
kï lrkak'
2' 6 yd 7 fY%aKsj, § Tn bf.k .;a mßÈ whym;a Ñ;a;fõ. we;s jq úg
Tng l< yels foaj,a ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'
3' iylïmkh hkak y`ÿkajkak'
4' iudcdkqfhda.hg fya;= jk hym;a .=Kdx. kï lrkak'
5' lKavdhï l=i,;dj,g fya;= jk wksl=;a Ôjk ksmqK;d fudkjd o@
wNHdi
172fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
17mdßißl wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj
uqyqK fouq
tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §ug wmg isÿ fõ' f,v frda."
úNd." ;r." kj fhdjqka úfhys fjkialï" wk;=re jeks wNsfhda.j,g
uqyqK ÿka wjia:d Tng o u;l we;s' .=jkaúÿ,sh" rEmjdysksh" mqj;a
m;a jeks ikaksfõok udOH u.ska o wo iudcfha uqyqK §ug isÿ jk
wNsfhda. ms<sn| Tn ±kqj;aj we;' tu wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK
§ug fkdyels jq úg ðú; ydks" foam< ydks" ldhsl yd udkisl mSvdldÍ
;;ajhka we;s fõ'
fujeks wNsfhda. w;ßka frda." wk;=re" wdmÞ" wmfhdack ms<sn| ir,
wjfndaOhla miq.sh fY%a‚j, § Tn ,nd f.k we;'
fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka wk;=re" wdmÞ" wmpdr" yd wmfhdack" ÿïjeá"
uoHidr yd u;aøjHj,g fhduq ùu" frda.dndO jeks mdrsißl wNsfhda.
ms<sn|j o tu wNsfhda. ksid isÿ jk ydksÞhl ;;ajhka" mdrsißl
wNsfhda.j,ska je<lSug .; yels l%shd ud¾." wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj
uqyqK §u i|yd ixj¾Okh lr.; hq;= ksmqK;d ms<sn|j o wjfndaOhla
Tng ,nd .; yels jkq we;'
mdßißl wNsfhda.
tÈfkÞ mßirfha § wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk wNsfhda. mdßißl wNsfhda.
f,i i|yka l< yels fõ'
l%shdldrlu
wm fj; t,a, úh yels mdßißl wNsfhda. ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh,
lrkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
173
Tn ms<sfh, l< ,ehsia;=fõ my; mdßißl wNsfhda. i|yka ù we;a±hs
n,kak'
frda.dndO
mdßißl wNsfhda.
wdmÞÿïjeá"
uoHidr yd
u;aøjHj,g
fhduq ùuwmpdr yd
wmfhdack
wk;=re
±ka wms fuu mdßißl wNsfhda. tlska tl úia;rd;aulj yÞruq'
wk;=re
Èkm;d mqj;am;a u.ska" rEmjdysks udOH u.ska Tn fldf;l=;a wk;=re
±l we;s' wk;=rla ´kE u ia:dkhl § ´kE u mqoa.,fhl=g isÿ úh
yels h' WÞyrK f,i ksjfia §" lïy,aj, §" mdif,a §" l%Svd msáfha §"
uyd uydud¾.fha §" /lshd ia:dkj, §" c,dYj, §" .,aj<j,a" ñksrka
m;,a" bÈlsÍï ia:dk jeks jev ìïj, § wk;=re isÿ úh yels h'
wk;=rej,g m%Odk fya;=j fkdie,sls,su;a nj yd fkdokakdluhs'
17'1 igyk
174fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu
úúO wk;=re fya;=fjka we;s úh yels ydks Þhl ;;aj i|yka
lrkak'
wk;=re ksid we;s jk ydksÞhl ;;aj
• ;e,Sï" iSÍï" lemSï
• W¿lal=ùï" levqï ì÷ï
• ms,siaiSï
• lïmkh" isysuq¾Pd ùu
• frda.dndO we;s ùu
• Ôú; ydks ùu
wk;=rel § we;s úh yels ydksÞhl ;;aj md,kh lsÍug fyda j<lajd
.ekSu fyda ydksh wju lr .ekSug Tn ksr;=rej Yla;su;a úh hq;= fõ'
• udkisl mSvd we;s ùu
• foam< ydks ùu
• jd;h wmsßisÿ ùu
• Yío ÿIKh
• ydkslr úlsrK yd ridhksl
øjH ksid mßir ÿIKh
17'1 rEmh - wk;=re
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
175
wk;=re j<lajd .ekSug .; yels l%shd ud¾.
• wk;=re ms<sn| ±kqj;a fjñka wjfndaOfhka hq;=j lghq;= lsÍu
• wjÞkï iys; l%shdj, fkdfh§u
• wjYH wjia:dj, § wkHhkaf.a Woõ iy Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu
• ;uka mßyrKh lrk oE kshñ; ia:dkj, ;eîug mqreÿ ùu
• kS;s Í;s ms<sme§u
• wdrlaIs; l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu
wk;=rl § isÿ jk ydksh wju lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾.
• m%:udOdr ,nd §u
• wjYH wjia:dj, § uQ,sl Ôú;dOdr ,nd §u
• yels blaukska ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd /f.k hdu
wo iudcfha fjfik iuyr mqoa.,hkaf.a bjiSu fkdue;slu" fkd±kqj;a
nj" kS;s .rel fkdùu" wd§ lreKq fya;=fjka fndfyda wk;=re isÿ fõ'
tu ksid fuu wNsfhda. ch .ekSug" wm ;=< úúO ksmqK;d iy .=Kdx.
ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= fõ' fuu ksmqK;d fmdÿfõ ́ kE u wNsfhda.hla
ch .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a fõ' fuu ksmqK;d ms<sn|j mdvu wjidkfha §
Tng ±k .; yels fõ'
wdmÞ
iajNdj O¾uhdf.a yÈis yd Ⱦ> ld,Sk fjkia ùï ksid o ñksiqkaf.a
jerÈ l%shd ksid o wdmÞ yg .kS'
2004 j¾Ifha foieïn¾ 26 Þ Y%S ,xldfõ fjr<nv m%foaYfha yg.;a
iqkdñ jHikh ms<sn|j Tn wid we;s' tu oreKq wdmÞj u.ska wm rgg
muKla fkdj bkaÈhka id.rh wdY%s; fndfyda rgj,aj,g o ydkslr
n,mEï we;s úh'
176fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu
Tn okakd wdmÞ ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'
wm uqyqK fok úúO wdmÞ
• .xj;=r
• ksh`.h
• kdhhEï
• iqkdñ
• N+ñ lïmd
• iq<s iq<x
• .sksl÷ msmsÍu
2016 j¾Ifha isÿ jq c, .e,Sï" kdh hdï fya;=fjka ck;djg Wkaysá
;eka mjd wysñ úh' Ôú; ydks isÿ úh' f.dú;eka lghq;= lr .ekSug
fkdyelsj Tjqkaf.a wdÞhï ud¾. wjysr ùfuka ÿlaÅ; ;;ajhg m;a úh'
wdmÞ ;;ajhkag uqyqK mE úg udkisl wd;;sh" iudc .eg "̈ frda.dndO fuka
u wk;=rel § we;s jk wdldrfha ydksÞhl ;;ajhka o yg .; yels h'
17'2 rEmh - wdmod
• <eõ .sks iy jkdka;r .sks
.ekSï
• wl=Kq ier je§ï
• f.dvke.s,s lvd jeàï
• hqouh ;;ajhka
• jix.; frda.
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
177
wdmÞ ksid we;s jk ydks
iajNdj O¾ufha isÿ jk fjkialï ms<sn|j ñksidf.a wjOdkh fhduq
jkafka kï fndfyda wdmÞ wjia:djkays § isÿ jk ydksh j<lajd .ekSug
fyda wju lr .ekSug yelshdj ,efí' fuhg WÞyrKhla f,i uE;
ld,fha § nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha óßhneoao .ïudkfha isÿ jq kdh hdu
i|yka l< yels h' tys § kdh hdug fmr lkao Wv fmdf<dj bß;,d
;sîu wdÈ ,laIK fmkakqï lr ;snQ w;r tu wjodkï ;;ajh wjfndaO
lr.;a iuyr jeisfhda tu ia:dkfhka bj;a jQy'
wdmÞ wjia:djkays § we;s úh yels ydksÞhl ;;aj j<lajd .ekSug fyda ydksh wju lr .ekSug .; yels l%shdud¾.
• ;uka" mjq, iy m%cdj ±kqj;a ùu
• ±kqj;a lsÍu i|yd ck udOH fhdÞ .ekSu
• kS;S ms<sme§u
• iudc m%;sm;a;s f.dv k.d .ekSu
• fmr iqÞku
• wdrlaIs; ia:dk y÷kdf.k isàu
• wkjir bÈlsÍïj,ska je<lSu
• jk úkdYh je<laùu
• mdßißl fjkialïj,g ixfõ§ ùu
• yÈis wjia:dj, § lKavdhula f,i Yla;su;aj lghq;= lsÍu
wdmÞ wjia:djkag id¾:lj uqyqKq §u i|yd fmdÿfõ wNsfhda. ch
.ekSug wm i;=j ;sìh hq;= ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= h'
l%shdldrlu
wdmÞ wjia:djlg id¾:lj uqyqK fok wdldrh úia;r lrkak'
• ;e,Sï" isÍï" levqï- ì÷ï" ms,siaiSï
jeks YdÍßl ydks we;s ùu
• frda.dndO we;s ùu
• lïmkh fydA isys uq¾cd ùu
• úÿ,s ier je§u
• Ôú; ydks isÿ ùu
• mßirh ¥IKh
• foam< yd ksjdi úkdY
ùu
178fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
wmpdr yd wmfhdack
iudc úfrdaë l%shdj, fh§u wmpdr f,i ye¢kafõ' WÞyrK f,i
fidrlï lsÍu" u;aøjH Ndú; lsÍu" ysxid lsÍu wdÈh i|yka l<
yels fõ'
wmfhdack hkq fjk;a mqoa.,hka úiska flfkl= iudc úfrdaë l%shd
i|yd fmd,Ujd .ekSuhs'
<ud wmpdr yd wmfhdack ms<sn| my; ±lafjk ksoiqka wjfndaOhla
,nd .ekSug lshjd n,kak'
• <uqka /jàu
• YdÍßlj yd udkislj jo ysxid meñKùu
• ,eÊcd lsÍu
• ìh jeoa§u
• fufyldr fiajfha fhoùu
• <uqka u;a l=vq" u;aøjH m%jdykhg fhdojd .ekSu jeks l%shd
• wksis fmd;a m;a" ùäfhdamg mßyrKhg fm,Uùu
• n,y;aldrfhka fyda uq<d lsÍfuka <uqka úúO ,sx.sl w;jrj,g
f.dÿre lr .ekSu
17'3 rEmh - <ud fufyldr fiajh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
179
wmpdr yd wmfhdackj,ska je<lSug .; yels l%shd ud¾.
• iudc úfrdaë l%shdjla i|yd Tnj fmd,Ujd .ekSug hï wfhl=
W;aidy ork nj yeÕ=kfyd;a tu ia:dkfhka jyd u bj;a fjkak'
• úúO ;E.s fnda. ,nd § jerÈ l%shd i`oyd Tnj fmd,Ujd .ekSug
W;aidy orhs kï m%fõYï jkak'
• tjeks iel iys; foa .ek úYajdijka; jeäysáfhl=g mjikak'
• ksjfia" mdif,a fyda md¿ ia:dkj, ;ksj .ejiSfuka j<lskak'
• Tng ,sx.sl w;jrhla isÿ ùug hk nj yeÕ=kfyd;a jyd u Woõ
b,a,d lE.ikak' wdrlaIs; ia:dkhla fj; hkak'
• ;ukaf.a YÍrh ;ukag iqúfYaI neúka flfkl=g fm!oa.,sl ia:dk
iam¾Y lsÍug bv fkdfokak'
• Tnf.a we÷ï me<÷ï" yeisÍï" l;d ny wdÈh ixjrj isÿ lsÍug j.
n,d .kak'
• jeäysáhka ksfjiaj, fkdue;s wjia:dj, hy¿ fhfy<shka ksfjiaj,g
f.kajd .ekSfuka j<lskak'
• wka;¾cd,h" iudc fjí wvú" cx.u ÿrl:k" fouõmsh jeäysáhkaf.a
wkq±kqfuka f;drj Ndú; fkdlrkak'
mdi,l <ufhl= ;ksj /f`ohs kï .=rejrhl= o mdif,a isáh hq;= hs'
<ufhl= ksjfia ;ksj isà kï jeäysáfhl=f.a /ljrK ;sìh hq;= hs'
wmpdr yd wmfhdack ksid isÿ jk ydks
• udkisl mSvdjkag ,la ùu
• wOHdmkh lvd lmam,a ùu
• iudcfhka fldka ùu
• ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu
• wkjYH .eí .ekSïj,g ,la ùu
• Ôú; ydks ùu yd ish Èú kid .ekSu
wmpdr" wmfhdackj,ska je<lSug;a" tjeks wjia:dj,g uqyqK §ug
isÿ jqjfyd;a wjia:dkql+,j ;SrK .ekSug;a" óg fmr mdvïj, § Tn
bf.k .;a Ôjk ksmqK;d Tng WmldÍ jkq we;'
180fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu
fouõmshka fyda jeäysáfhl= ksjfia fkdue;s wjia:djl Tng
;ksj ksjfia .; lsÍug isÿ fõ kï Tfí wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka
Tn .kakd ls%hd ud¾. i|yka lrkak'
u;aøjH
uoHidr" ÿïjeá yd wfkl=;a ish¨ u u;ajk øjH u;aøjH f,i ie,fla
kj fh!jk úhg md ;nd isák Tng uqyqK §ug isÿ jk ;j;a wNsfhda.
hla f,i uoHidr" u;aøjH yd ÿïjeá i|yka l< yels fõ' fhdjqka úhg
m;a jQjkaf.a YdÍßl fjkialï fia u ufkda iudÔh fjkialï o isÿ
jk ksid iujhia lKavdhï weiqr" wjodkï foa lsÍug we;s leue;a;
jeks .;s ,laIK fmkakqï lrhs'
jerÈ lKavdhïj,g tl;= ùu fya;=fjka fndfyda fh!jkhka uoHidr
u;aøjH yd ÿï mdkh i|yd fhduq ù we;s nj j¾;udk iudch foi neÆ
úg fmkS hk lreKls' Tn fujeks l%shdj,ska je<lS Tnf.a hy¿jka
o thska uqojd .ekSug Yla;su;a úh hq;= fõ' fuu wjêfha § Tnf.a
ks¾udKYS,s;ajh fyd| uÜgul mj;sk neúka lKavdhï yeÕSu hym;a
foa lsÍu i|yd fhdÞ .; hq;= fõ'
u;aøjH Ndú; lrkakka tA i|yd fkdfhl=;a fya;= ldrKd f.k yer
±lajqj o tA lsisjla w¾:j;a foa fkdfõ' fïjdfha krl m%;súmdl rdYshls'
u;aøjH i|yd ksoiqka f,i fldflaka" yISia" .xcd" lxid" ußcqjdkd"
fydfrdhska" uoHidr" is.rÜ" iqreÜgq" îä i`oyka l< yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
181
u;aøjH Ndú;fhka we;s jk ydks
• YdÍßl l%shdldß;ajh ySk ùu
• udkisl úlD;s;d we;s ùu
• wj,iaik ùu
• úúO frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu
• ,sx.sl Yla;sh ySk ùu
• iakdhq ÿ¾j,;d yg .ekSu
• wdhqI wvq ùu yd Ôú; ydks
isÿ ùu
l%shdldrlu
by; ydkslr ;;ajhka we;s ùu wju lsÍug fyda j<lajd
.ekSug l< yels foa ms<sn| Tnf.a woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'
• wd¾Ól .eg¨ we;s ùu
• mjq,a wdrjq,a we;s ùu
• iudc úfrdaë l%shd i|yd fhduq ùu
• wmpdr yd wmfhdack i|yd fm,öu
• iudcfhka fldka ùu
• .egqïldß ;;aj we;s ùu
17'4 rEmh - is.rÜ nyd,kfha we;=<;a wjjdo
182fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
u;aøjHj,ska je<lSug yd wka wh je<elaùug .; yels l%shd ud¾.
• ;uka" mjq, iy m%cdj ±kqj;a ùu
• iudcfha mj;sk kS;s Í;s ms<sme§u
• ksjerÈ p¾hd we;s lr .ekSu
• úúO udOH u.ska flfrk m%pdr nqoaêu;aj y÷kd .ekSu
• úfõlh M,ÞhSj .; lsÍu i|yd l%Svd iy fi!kao¾h l%shdldrlïj,g
fhduq ùu
• u;aøjHj,g fhduq jQ wh mqkre;a:dmk jev igyka i|yd fhduq
lsÍu
• fmdÿ ia:dkj, u;aøjH Ndú;hg úreoaO ùu
u;aøjH" wNsfhda.h Tng ch.; yels wNsfhda.hls
mdi,a orejka jk Tng fuu wNsfhda. myiqfjka ch .; yels h'
u;aøjH Ndú;h ksid isÿ úh yels ydksh ms<sn| Tn ±kqj;a fyhska Tng
bka je<lS isàug yels fõ' fjk;a mqoa.,hka tA i|yd Tnj fmd,Ujd
.ekSug W;aiy orhs kï thska je<lSug o Tng yelshdj we;'
tfia u Tn i;= ksmqK;d Ndú; lr u;aøjH i|yd fhduq ù we;s mqoa.,hka
thska uqojd .ekSug o Tng yels úh hq;= h'
Tng uqyqK §ug isÿ jk ;j;a wNsfhda.hla f,i frda.dndO i|yka
l< yels fõ' fnda jk frda. iy fnda fkdjk frda. f,i frda. j¾.
folls'
fndajk frda.
wdidÈ;hl== u.ska fjk;a mqoa.,fhl=g je,f`ok frda. fnda jk frda.
f,i ye¢kafõ' w;S;fha § mej;s fnda jk frda. lSmhla wo jk úg
u¾okh lr we;s kuq;a ;ju;a jHdma; fjñka mj;sk fnda jk frda.
lsysmhla mj;S'
frda.dndO
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
183
17'5 rEmh - mefmd, frda.h
WÞyrK f,i fvx.=" ó WK" fld,rdj" irïm" mefmd," lïuq,a.dh"
Ñl=ka .=kahd" id¾ia" yd ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. hkdÈh i|yka l<
yels fõ'
fuu frda. fl<ska u fyda jdylfhl= u.ska fnda ùu isÿ fõ'
by; i|yka lr we;s frda. w;ßka fvx.= frda.h mdi,a orejkag fuka
u jeäysáhkag o n,j;a wNsfhda.hlaj mj;S' fvx.= uÿrejka u¾okh
lsÍu i|yd wo jk úg;a wdh;k uÜgñka úúO jev igyka l%shd;aul
flf¾'
uÿrejka fndajk ia:dk úkdY lsÍu u.ska Tng;a tA i|yd Þhl;ajh
,nd Èh yels h'
,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.hla jk HIV/ AIDS frda.h o" úYd,
wNsfhda.hlaj mj;S' iudc idrO¾u msßyS hdu" fuu frda.h me;sÍug
uQ,sl fya;=jla f,i i|yka l< yels fõ'
fnda fkdjk frda.
yDo frda." Èhjeähdj" wêl reêr mSvkh" ms<sld" iakdhq frda. jeks
frda. fnda fkdjk frda. f,i Tn y÷kkjd we;s' fuu frda. we;s ùug
uq,sl fya;= f,i jerÈ wdydr mqreÿ iy jerÈ Ôjk rgd i|yka l< yels
fõ' j¾;udk iudcfha jeä msßila fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska mSvd ú¢;s'
184fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
17'6 rEmh - yDo frda.
frda.dndO ksid we;s jk ydks
• YÍrh fyda wjhj wl%Sh ùu
• wdndê; ;;ajhkag m;a ùu
• YdÍßl fmkqu fjkia ùu
• l%shdYS,S nj wvq ùu
• Ôú; ydks ùu
• wd¾Ól mßydksh
• wOHdmkh lvd lmam,a ùu
• udkisl wiykh
frda. j<lajd .ekSug;a" ydksh wju lr .ekSug;a .; yels l%shd ud¾.
• frda. ms<sn| ;uka ±kqj;a ùu iy iudch o ±kqj;a lsÍu
• fi!LHj;a wdydr mßfNdackh
• msßisÿ mdkSh c,h mßyrKh
• u;a øjH Ndú;fhka je<lSu
• ksis YÍr ialkaO o¾Ylh ^BMI& mj;ajd .ekSu
• iqÿiq mßÈ jHdhdu" úfõlh iy kskao ,nd .ekSu
• udkisl wd;;sh wvq lr .ekSu
• m%;sYla;slrKh ,nd .ekSu
• frda. me;sÍfï ud¾. wyqrd ±óu
• frda. fndajk uQ,hka úkdY lsÍu
• mrïmrd.; frda. we;s úg ffjoH Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu
• ffjoH mÍlaIK i|yd jßka jr fhduq ùu
• frda. we;s jq úg l,g fõ,djg ksis m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
185
l%shdldrlu
fnda fkdjk frda. j<lajd .ekSu ms<sn| mdif,a ñ;=rka ±kqj;a
lsÍug w;a m;%sldjla ms<sfh, lrkak
mdßißl wNsfhda. ch .ekSug ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= ksmqK;d
• bjiSu
• ±kqj;a nj" kS;s .rel nj
• ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSu" nqoaêu;a
j .eg¨ úi£u
• ks¾udKYS,Ss Ñka;kh"
úpdrYS,sS Ñka;kh
• ksis mqyqKqj
• M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh
• hym;a wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d
• Ñ;a;fõ. md,kh
• wd;audjfndaOh
• wd;au úYajdih
• hym;a wdl,am
• hym;a mqreÿ wkq.ukh
• Wml%uYS,Sj lghq;= lsÍu
• lKavdhï yeÕSu
idrdxYh
tÈfkÞ mßirfha wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk mdßißl wNsfhda. f,i
wk;=re" wdmÞ" wmpdr yd wmfhdack" u;aøjH" iy frda. i|yka l<
yels fõ'
fuu wNsfhda. fya;=fjka" úúO wdndê; ;;aj" wOHdmkh lvd lmam,a
ùu" frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu" wd¾Ól w¾nqo" mßir ¥IKh" iudc .eg¨"
Ôú; ydks jeks fkdfhl=;a ydksÞhl ;;ajhkag uqyqK§ug isÿ fõ'
fuu wNsfhda. ch.ekSug wd;audjfndaOh" wd;au úYajdih" ksjerÈ
;SrK .ekSu" hym;a wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d" hym;a mqreÿ wkq.ukh"
M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh" ks¾udKYS,Ss Ñka;kh" hym;a wdl,am" Ñ;a;fõ.
md,kh" kS;s .rel ùu wd§ ksmqK;d ÈhqKq lr.; hq;= fõ'
tfuka u fuu wNsfhda. j<lajd .ekSug;a" md,kh lr ydksh wju
lr .ekSug;a úúO l%shd ud¾. wkq.ukh l< yels fõ'
186fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
wNHdi 1' mdßißl wNsfhda. we;s ùu i|yd n,mdk fya;= i|yka lrkak'
2' mdßißl wNsfhda. ch .ekSug ixj¾Okh lr.; hq;= ksmqK;d
i|yka lrkak'
3' wk;=rla we;s jq úg ydksh wju lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾. i|yka
lrkak'
4' wdmÞ we;s ùug n,mdk fya;= fudkjd o @
5' wdmÞ wjia:djkays § we;s jk ydksÞhl ;;aj j<lajd .ekSug .;
yels mshjr i|yka lrkak'
6' wmpdr yd wmfhdackj,sska ñ§ug l%shd l< yels wdldr i|yka
lrkak'
7' hful= u;aøjHj,g Tnj fmd,Ujd .ekSug W;aidy orhs kï thska
je<lSug Tn l%shd lrk wdldrh i|yka lrkak'
8' fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska je<lSu i|yd .; yels l%shd ud¾. fudkjd o@
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
187
18tÈfkod uqyqK fok wk;=re i`oyd m%:udOdr oek .ksuq
´kE u mqoa.,fhl=g fkd is;+ wjia:djl ´kE u ia:dkhl § yÈis
wk;=rlg fyda yÈis wdmÞjlg uqyqK §ug isÿ úh yels h' tjeks
wjia:djl mqoa.,hdf.a Ôú; wjodku wvq lsÍug ir, Wmldr ,nd
§ug yels ùu b;d jeo.;a fõ' hï yÈis wk;=rla fyda wdmÞjla isÿ
jQ úg ksYaÑ; ffjoHdOdr ,nd fok f;la fyda frday,la fj; fhduq
lrk f;la m%:udOdrhla ,nd §u iqÿiq h' tA u.ska wdmÞjg fyda wk;=rg
,la jQ mqoa.,hd tu wdmÞj ksid isÿ úh yels urKfhka mjd .,jd .;
yels fõ'
óg fmr Tn bf.k .;a 17 fjks mdvfï §" wk;=re yd wdmÞ isÿ úh
yels wjia:d" wk;=re yd wdmÞ ksid we;s jk ydksÞhl ;;aaj" tAjd
j<lajd .ekSug yd ydksh wju lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾. o" tA i|yd
Tn ;=< j¾Okh l< hq;= ksmqK;d o bf.k .kakg we;'
fuu mdvfuka wms m%:udOdrj, wjYH;dj" m%:udOdr ,nd §fï uQ,sl
isoaOdka;" m%:udOdr ,nd fokakd ;=< ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. iy m%:udOdr
,nd §u isÿ jk iq,n wjia:d lsysmhla ms<sn| yÞruq'
m%:udOdrhla hkq l=ula o@
l%shdldrlu
m%:udOdr hkq l=ula±hs y÷kd .ekSug udre lr we;s jpk tla
lr ksjerÈ jdlHhla f.dvke.Sug W;aidy lrkak'
wdmÞjla" ksYaÑ;" ,nd fok" hï yÈis" fyda" f;la" ,nd fokakd
jQ" isÿ jQ úg" wk;=rla" ffjoHdOdr" uq,sl" m%:udOdrh" wdOdrh
fyda iydh y÷kajhs" f,i" m%:udOdrh'
188fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
m%:udOdrhla hkq
hï yÈis wk;=rla fyda wdmÞjla isÿ
jQ úg ksYaÑ; ffjoHdOdr ,nd fok
f;la" ,nd fok uQ,sl wdOdrh fyda
iydh m%:udOdrh f,i y÷kajhs'
l%shdldrlu
Tn okakd mßÈ m%:udOdr §ug isÿ jk wjia:d fudkjd±hs
,ehsia;=.; lrkak'
m%:udOdrhl wjYH;dj
m%:udOdr ,nd §u u.ska my; wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu wfmalaId lrhs'
m%:udOdr
,nd §fuka
wfmalaIs;
wruqKq
iqjh ,nd .ekSug
Wmldr ùu
frda.S ;;ajh
nrm;, fkd ùug
Woõ ùu
frda.shdf.a Ôú;h
fírd .ekSug
yels ùu
18'1 rEmh - m%:udOdr cd;Hka;r ixfla;h
18'1 igyk
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
189
l%shdldrlu
l,ska l%shdldrlfï § y÷kd .;a úúO wjia:dj, § isÿ jQ
YdÍßl ydksh iy thg Tn ,nd fok m%:udOdr fudkjd oehs
my; j.=fõ i|yka lrkak'
wjia:dj isÿ úh yels ydksh ,nd fok m%:udOdrh
1
2
3
4
5
m%:udOdr ,nd§fï uQ,sl isoaOdka;
ukd ksmqK;ajhlska hq;a m%:udOdrlrefjl= m%:ufhka frda.S jQ mqoa.,hd
ms<sn|j uQ,sl fidhd ne,Sula lrhs' tys § isÿ ù we;s wdndOfha fyda
frda.fha ;;ajh o< jYfhka wjfndaO lr .; yels fõ'
my; ±lafjkafka uQ,sl Ôú;dOdr ,nd §u i|yd Ndú; lrk A,B,C,D,El%uh hs'
A - Airway ^Yajik ud¾.h&
uq,ska u Yajik ud¾.h fyj;a jdhq .uka lrk ud¾.h wjysr ù we;a±hs
mÍlaId l< hq;= w;r" tu ud¾.fhys lsishï fohla ysr ù we;akï th
bj;a l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd frda.shdf.a f., yd ysi m%foaYh mÍlaId lr
tu m%foaYj,g wk;=rla fkdue;s kï muKla ysi my<g yrjd ysr ù
we;s oE bj;a l< yels h' jdhq ud¾.h wjysr ù we;a±hs mÍlaId l< hq;=
wjia:d lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'
190fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
- Èfha .s¨Kq wjia:djl
- W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg
- wdydr msg W.=f¾ hdul §
- la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl
- Wilska jegqKq wjia:djl
B - Breathing ^Yajikh&
idudkH wdldrhg Yajik l%shdj,sh ^yqiau .ekSu& isÿ fõ ±hs mÍlaId
l< hq;= h' kdih wi,g wf;ys msá w,a, we,a,Su" Wr m%foaYh Wia my;a
fõ ±hs mÍlaId lsÍu fyda ;udf.a lïuq,a m%foaYh frda.shdf.a kdihg
<x lr iq<x .efܱhs ne,Su l< yels h' yqiau .ekSu isÿ fkdfõ kï
lD;s%u Yajikh ,nd Èh hq;= h' fuh mÍlaId l< hq;= wjia:d lsysmhla
my; i|yka fõ'
- Èfha .s¨Kq wjia:djl
- W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg
- la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl
- Wilska jegqKq wjia:djl
- ms,siaiS isák wjia:djl
- úÿ,sier jeÿKq wjia:djl
C -Circulation ^reêr ixirKh&
frda.shdf.a reêr ixirKh tkï yDofha .eiau mj;S ±hs ksÍlaIKh
l< hq;= h' wf;ys ue‚la lgqj wi,g fyda fn,af,a me;af;ka fyda
mdohg w; ;nd kdä jefgk wdldrh wkqj th mÍlaId l< yels h' tA
wkqj yÈis ;;ajhl § reêr ixirKh kej;S we;a kï mmq mSvkh ,nd
§fuka yDoh ls%hd;aul lr úh hq;= h' reêr ixirKh kej;sh yels
wjia:d iuyrla my; ±la fõ'
18'2 rEmh -Yajik mÍlaIdj
18'1 rEmh - jdhq ud¾. mÍlaIdj
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
191
- Èfha .s¨Kq úg
- úÿ,s ier je§ul §
- Wilska jegqKq úg
- jdykhlg hg ùu isÿ jQ úg
- i¾mfhla oIag l< úg
18'3 rEmh - reêr ixirK mÍlaIdj
D - Defomity ^wdndO&
isÿ ù we;s wdndOfha ;;ajh fyd¢ka mÍlaId lr n,d wjfndaOhla
,nd .; hq;= fõ' tu ;;ajhg .e<fmk wdldrhg m%:udOdrh ,nd Èh
hq;= fõ' fld÷ weg fm<g ydkshla fyda wiaÓ ì£ula isÿ ù we;ehs iel
kï b;d mÍlaIdldÍ fjñka wod< ia:dk fkdfid,ajd ;eìh hq;= h'
Wod( fn,a,g - frÈ len,s folla T;d fn,af,a fome;a;g ;eîu
fyda fld<rhla we;akï th ±óu
fld÷ weg fm< - ,E,a,la Wv ;eîu
w;g fyda mdohg - ,S m;=rla wdOdrlhla f,i ;eîu
18'5 rEmh - levqKq mdohla i|yd fj¿ula fh§u
192fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
E - Exposure, Environment ^ksrdjrKh" mßir ;;ajh&
frda.shd mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd ksrdjrKh l< hq;= fõ' ydksh wju jk
wdldrhg frda.shd mÍlaId l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd mj;sk mßir ;;ajh
wkdrlaIs; kï wdrlaIs; ia:dkhlg /f.k hd hq;= fõ' tfia /f.k
hdfï § frda.shd p,kh iy m%jdykh m%fõYfuka l< hq;= fõ'
frda.shd yqiau .kS kï ndysr wdOdr ,efnk ;=re jï we,hg yrjd
^recovery position& ;nkak' ^18'6 rEmh&
18'6 rEmh - fn,af,a fome;a;g ;eîug frÈ lene,a,lska fld,rhla idod .ekSu
18'6 rEmh - jï we,hg yrjd ;eîu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
193
frda.shd yqiau fkd.kS kï mmq f;rmqu yd lD;s%u Yajikh ,nd fokak'
mmq f;rmqu - w;a fol mmqj ueo ;nd 5-6 cm .eUqrg ñks;a;=jg
jdr 100 l muK fõ.fhka isÿ lrkak' ^18'7 rEmh&
lD;%su Yajikh - by; wldrfha f;rmqï 30lg miq frda.shdf.a uqj
újr lr kdih jid uqjg uqj ;nd mmqj tifjk
fia Yajikh ,nd fokak' ^18'8 rEmh&
18'8 rEmh - lD;%su Yajikh
fuh 30(2 wkqmd;hg frda.shd m%;spdr olajk ;=re isÿ lrkak'
18'7 rEmh - mmq f;rmqu
194fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu
.=re;=ñhf.a u. fmkaùu we;sj mx;s ldurh ;=< zzmmq f;rmquZZ
isÿ lrk wdldrh fofofkl= u.ska wdo¾Ykh lr fmkajkak'
m%:udOdr ,nd fokafkl= i;= úh hq;= .=Kdx.
m%:udOdrh ms<sn`o oekqu" ksis mqyqKqj yd
ksmqK;dj ;sîu
l,n,hlska f;drj lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj
bjiSu
ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj
wjia:dkql+, kdhl;ajh
ksjerÈ iy iqÿiq ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj
mÍlaIdldÍ nj
ldre‚l nj iy wkqlïmd iy.; nj
frda.shd ms<sl=,a fkdlsÍfï yelshdj
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
195
• Wia ia:dkhl isg my<g jeàu" fldkafoa hula fõ.fhka je§u wd§
wk;=re fya;=fjka fld÷weg fm<g ydkshla isÿ ù we;a kï fyda tA
ms<sn|j ielhla mj;S kï frda.shd tiùu fydA m%jdykh l< hq;af;a
,E,a,la u; ;ndf.k h' tfia ,E,a, u;g frda.shd .; hq;af;a
fldghla iunrj fmr<k wdldrhg h' fuh log rolling l%uh f,i
ye¢ka fõ' fkd tfia kï iqIqïkdjg ydks ùu fyda ydks jQ ia:dkfha
wdndOh ;j;a jeä ùu úh yels neúks'
18'9 rEmh - frda.shd log rolling l%uhg yerùu
m%:udOdr ,nd§fï § úfYaI wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;= lreKq
wkjYH ,eÊcdj,ska f;dr ùu
ish,a,kag tl fia ie,lSfï yelshdj
;u wdrlaIdj ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu
ìh ke;s nj
196fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
• isref¾ hula wekS mj;S kï tu wd.ka;=l øjHh bj;a fkdfldg
frday, lrd /f.k hd hq;= h' wekS mj;sk øjHh bj;a lsÍug ;e;a
l<fyd;a wNHka;r bkaøshkag ydks isÿ úh yels h' t fuka u tu
ia:dkfhka reêrh msg;g jykh ù frda.shd urKhg m;a úh yels h'
• isysiqkaj isák úg frda.shdg lsisjla fmùu iy lEug §u kqiqÿiq h'
isysiqka wjia:djl § ljk fyda fmdjk øjH u.ska Yajik ud¾.h
wjysr úh yels h'
• ffjoHjrfhl= mßlaId lrk f;la wdydrmdk ,nd fkd§u jeo.;a h'
tfia l< hq;= jkafka Y,Hl¾uhlg Ndckh lsÍug isÿ jqjfyd;a
meh lsysmhla ksrdydrj isáh hq;= neúks'
• YÍr fldgia lemS bj;a jqjfyd;a tu fldgia msßisÿ fmd,s;ska
wdjrKhl oud" th whsiaj, nyd ffjoHjrhd fj; jyd u /f.k
hd hq;= h'
WÞ( w;a" weÕs,s" mdo
18'10 rEmh - lemS bj;a jQ weÕs,a,la frday,g f.k hdug ieliSu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
197
m%:udOdr ,nd §ug isÿ jk iq,n wjia:d lsysmhla
1' la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl §
la,dka;h we;s jkafka fud<hg Tlaiscka ,eîu wvq jQ úghs' túg
YÍrh wm%d‚l ù hhs' la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl frda.shd ìu fyda
we|l È.d lrjkak' ;o we÷ï nqre,a lrkak' ^WÞ( ghs má" ysr weÿï&'
la,dka; nj ±fkk wjia:djl kï frda.shd mqgqjl jdä lrjd T¿j
my<g kjd ll=,a w;r ;nd .ekSug i,iajkak' ìu fyda we|l frda.shd
È.d lrjkafka kï frda.shdf.a ll=,a we;s me;a; by<g Tijkak'
túg fud<hg wjYH Tlaiscka" reêrh iu. ,efí' fyd¢ka iajdNdúl
jd;dY%h ,eîug i,iajkak' îug lsisjla fkdÈh hq;= w;r c,h
iaj,amhla uqyqKg biSu l< yels h' isysh ,enQ miq WKqiqï hula îug
§u fyda .a¨fldaia iaj,amhla ,nd §u l< yelshs'
18'11 rEmh - la,dka; nj ±kqkq úg isáh hq;= bßhõj
2' i;=ka imd lEu fyda i¾m oIag lsÍul §
uq,ska u wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hdf.a ìh ke;s l< hq;= h' i¾mhd oIag l<
ia:dkh msßisÿ c,fhka ñks;a;= 10 la 15 la muK fidaÞ yeßh hq;= h'
imd lE ia:dkh fi,fjk fia weú§u yd p,kh fkdl< hq;= h' me,|
isák Trf,daiq" uqÿ wd§ ysr jk øjH .,jd bj;a l< hq;= h' i¾mhd
198fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
y÷kd .ekSu fyda i¾mhd ffjoHjrhd fj; /f.k hdu jeo.;a h'
ydksh isÿ jQ ia:dkh ysig jvd my<ska isák bßhõjl ;nkak'
;=jd, u; uqj ;nd bÍu fyda ;sßx.hla fh§u ^;=jd,hg by<ska ;Èka
.eg .eiSu& fkdlrkak'
3' fonr fyda nUr oIag lsÍul §
wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hd jyd u tu mßirfhka bj;a l< hq;= h' frda.shdf.a
ìh ;=rka l< hq;= h' me,| isák uqÿ j<¨ wdÈh bj;a l< hq;= h'
oIag lsÍï nyq,j we;s YÍrfha ia:dk y÷kd .; hq;= h' oIag lsÍfuka
YÍrfha b;sß ù we;s o< wdÈh isyska ;,hla fyda ksh fhdÞ f.k bj;a
l< hq;= h' jvd fõokdldÍ kï merisgfuda,a j¾.fha T!IOhla mdúÉÑ
l< yels h' oIag lsÍï lsysmhla kï jyd u ffjoHjrhd fj; /f.k
hd hq;= h'
4' úÿ,s ier je§ul §
m%Odk úÿ,s iemhqfï fmakqj .,jd fyda m%Odk iaúph l%shd úrys; lr"
úÿ,s n,h jyd u úikaê l< hq;= h' úikaê l< fkdyels úg" úÿ,s
ier je§u isÿ jq jhr fyda WmlrK w;ska fkd we,a,sh hq;= h' tA i|yd
úh<s or fyda ,S fldiq ñgla Ndú; lrkak' jyd u by; bf.k .;a
A,B,C,D,E mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka ;;ajh y÷kd.kak'
reêr ixirKh isÿ fkdjkafka kï yDoh iïNdykh o" Yajik
l%shdj,sh isÿ fkdjkafka kï lD;s%u Yajikh ,nd§u o jyd isÿ l<
hq;= h' ms,siaiqï we;s kï tA i|yd o m%;sldrhla isÿ l< hq;= fõ' fuu
m%:udOdr ,nd foñka frda.shd frday, fj; /f.k hkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
199
18'12 rEmh - úÿ,s iïnkaO;dfjka bj;a lr .ekSu
5' ms,ssiaiSul §
ms,siaiSula we;s úh yels jkafka ;dmfhka" .skaofrka" ridhksl øjH
u.ska iy úÿ,s n,h u.sks' .skak we;s jk wdldrh wkqj th ksúh
hq;= wdldrh fjkia fõ' >klï frÈ Ndú;fhka o" c,h biSfuka o"
we÷ulg .sks weú<s‚ kï ìu fmr<Sfuka o .skak ksjd oeñh yels h'
ms,siaiSfuka wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hd jyd tu ia:dkfhka bj;a fldg
wdrlaIdldÍ ia:dkhlg ref.k hd hq;= h' ms,siaiqKq fldgia jyd u
ñks;a;= 10la muK we,a Èh n÷kl .s,ajd ;eîu fyda .,d hk j;=rg
we,a,Su l< hq;= h'
;o we÷ï" uqÿ" w;a Trf,daiq bj;a l< hq;= fõ' W;=rk Èhr fyda ridhksl
øjHj,ska fmÕS we;s we÷ï m%fõYfuka lmd bj;a lrkak' we÷ï ifuys
we,S ;=jd, iys; jq úg we`ÿu bj;a fkdl< hq;= h' frda.shdf.a ìh ;=rka
lrñka jyd u frday,lg f.k hkak'
200fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
18'13 rEmh - ms,siaiqKq fldgi .,d hk c,hg we,a,Su
6' ;=jd, ùul §
úúOdldrfhka ;=jd, isÿ úh yels hs' ms,siaiqï ;=jd," lemqï ;=jd,"
jeàï" iSÍï" wekSï wd§ lskï wdldrhlska ;=jd,hla isÿ jqj;a reêrh
msg;g jykh ùu je<elaúh hq;= h' fï i|yd reêr jykh kj;sk
f;la tu ia:dkh mSvkhl ,la jk f,i frÈ lene,a,lska fj,Sfuka
yd yDohg jvd by< uÜgulska ;=jd,h isÿ jQ ia:dkh ;nd .ekSfuka
^;=jd,h wf;ys fyda mdofhys kï Tijd ;eîfuka& reêr jykh wvq
lr .; yels h' jyd u ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd /f.k hkak'
18'14 rEmh - ;=jd, ùfuka miq ;=jd,h isÿ jQ ia:dkh yDohg by< uÜgulska ;eîu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
201
7' W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg
uq,ska u uqLh fyd¢ka újr fldg ysr jQ oE y÷kd.; yels ± hs n,kak'
<ufhl= fyda jeäysáfhl= kï Wr fmfoi bÈßhg kjd" uqLh újr lr"
f;rmqu bÈßhg fhduq jk f,i fifuka msgg myr fokak' ke;fyd;a
msgqmiska isgf.k w;a fol ñg fud<jd Worfha by< fldgi ;Èka
f;rmkak'
l=vd orefjl= kï tla w;lg m%fõifuka /f.k uqkska yrjd" ysi
my<g isák fia w,a,df.k" Worfha by< fldgi keuqKq oKysi u;
;nd ;Èka msgg ;Ügq lrkak' ysr jQ oE t<shg fkdtkafka kï" jyd u
ffjoHjrfhl= fj; /f.k hkak'
8' kdifha hula isr jQ úg
kdih ls;s leùu u.ska lsúiSug i,iajkak' tfia fkdyels kï lsisÿ
WmlrKhla kdih ;=<g ±óu isÿ fkdlr jyd u frday,la fj; f.k
hkak' tfia f.k hdfï § isgf.k fyda b|f.k isàug i,iajkak' isr
jQ foh Yajik ud¾.hg hdug bv we;s ksid ksod .ekSu fkdl< hq;= h'
18'15 rEmh - jeäysáfhl=f.a W.=f¾ hula
isr jQ úg bj;a lrk wdldrh
18'16 rEmh - l=vd orejl=f.a W.=f¾ hula
isr jQ úg bj;a lrk wdldrh
202fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
9' Èfha .s,Su
yÈisfha orejka" jeäysáhka Èfha .s,S ñh hk wjia:d fndfyduhla
udOH u.ska wmg ±k.kakg ,efí' Èfha .s,Sul § Yajikh lsÍu wmyiq
ù urKhg m;a fõ'
Èfha .s¨Kq mqoa.,fhl= fírd f.dvìug .;a miq uq,ska u ABCDE l%uh
wkq.ukh lrñka frda.shdf.a ;;ajh y÷kd .; hq;= fõ' wjYH kï mmq
f;rmqu fyda lD;%su Yajikh ,nd Èh yels h'
l%shdldrlu
my; i|yka wjia:dj, § m%:uOdr ,nd §u wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
I' la,dka;h iEÿKqq úg
II' jeäysáfhl=f.a W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg
idrdxYh
wk;=rl § fyda wdmÞjl § ksYaÑ; ffjoHdOdr ,nd fok ;=re" frda.shdg
uq,ska u ,nd fok wdOdr m%:udOdr f,i ye¢ka fõ'
m%:udOdr ,nd §fuka frda.shdf.a ;;ajh nrm;, ùu je<elaùug" iqjh
,nd §ug fuka u frda.shdf.a Ôú;h fírd .ekSug o yels fõ'
m%:udOdr ,nd §u i|yd ABCDE l%uhg frda.fha fyda wdndOfha ;;ajh
wjfndaO lr .; yels fõ'
´kE u wjia:djl § wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hd jyd tu ia:dkfhka bj;a
lr wdrlaIs; ia:dkhlg f.k hdu;a" frda.shdf.a ìh ÿre lsÍu;a
jeo.;a fõ' tfia u m%:udOdr ,nd § jyd u ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd
fhduq l< hq;= fõ'
ksis mqyqKqj" ±kqu" bjiSu" lreKdj" ks¾NS; nj" mÍlaIdldÍ nj" ksjerÈ
;SrK .ekSu" ia:dfkdaÑ; m%×j wd§ .=Kdx. m%:udOdr fok ;eke;a;d
;=< mej;sh hq;= fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
203
wNHdi 1' m%:udOdr ,nd §fï wruqKq ;=kla i|yka lrkak'
2' m%:udOdr ,nd §fï ABCDE l%ufõofha tla tla mshjr § flfrk
ld¾hh fláfhka ,shd olajkak'
3' m%:udOdrlrefjl= i;= úh hq;= .=Kdx. myla ,shd olajkak'
4' i¾mfhl= oIag l< ia:dkhlg fkdl< hq;= fohla i|yka lrkak'
5' mqoa.,fhl= úÿ,s wk;=ßka uqojd .;a miq wkq.ukh l< hq;=
l%ufõohla i|yka lrkak'
6' ms,siaiSula isÿ jQ úg jyd u l< hq;= jkafka l=ulao@