1 © wärtsilä 03 july 2015 presentation name / author, documentid: eco tugs with df engines...
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1 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Eco Tugs with DF Engines
Ibrahim BehairyDirector Middle East
Ship Power / Wärtsilä UAE
IMOC 2014 Saudi ArabiaJubail 3-4 Sept. 2014
2 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Contents
– Introduction.
– Challenges and main Market Drivers.
– Design background.
– Terminal Tug and DF engine type.
– Fuel Selection.
– What is LNG and how safe?
– Conclusion.
– Q & A.
Saudi Arabia to Go Green...
• KSA Strategic Geographical Location in the M.E:
• Central Trade Hub with modern ports.• Strong National Fleet. ( Off Shore + Merchant).
• Oil & Gas in KSA:• 2nd Largest Country in Oil production.• 6th Largest Country in Natural Gas Reserve.• This supports the trend of using LNG as new source of power.• (Availability+Price+Environment)
19 April 2023
DF Vs SG 3 © Wärtsilä
Factor trends: Environment
LOCAL
GLOBAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
Acid rainsTier II (2011)Tier III (2016)NOx
Greenhouse effectUnder evaluation by IMO
CO2
Acid rainsSulphur content in fuelSOx
Direct impact on humansLocally regulated
Particulatematter
4 © Wärtsilä 2sDF Engine
5 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Development drivers for tug boats
• Environment– Emission reduction
• NOX emissions
• SOX emissions
– GHG “climate change” and human health• CO2
• Particles
• Fuel cost– Increasing oil prices
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Design target
“Develop a machinery system producing the lowest possible emissions, whilst supporting the highest possible functionality for tug operations”
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Terminal Tug Concept
Concept:– Terminal tug– LNG as primary fuel– Main machinery
• Electric propulsion• 2 x dual fuel generating sets
– Azimuthing stern drive (ASD)
Main particulars– Length, overall 35,6 m– Length, waterline 32 m– Beam 13,8 m– Bollard pull 100
tonnes– Installed power 6300 kW
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Considerations for fuel selection
• Emissions potential• Quality standard• Cost• Safety• Availability• Storage
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– Natural gas is mostly methane (CH4)
– Methane contains the highest amount of hydrogen per unit of energy of any fossil fuel
• Carbon to hydrogen ratio 1 / 4 (gasoline: 1 / 2,25)
• Lower CO2 emissions
– Natural gas is:• Non-toxic
• Colourless
• Odourless
• Lighter than air
What is Natural Gas?
Methane (CH4)
H
H
H HC Ethane (C2H6)
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Why bunker has to be in liquid form (LNG)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NG 1 bar LNG 10bar CNG 200bar
600
Fuel relative volume, energy content equal
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LNG tank – space demand
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
DIESEL LNG (10 bar)
Rel
ativ
e V
olum
e
Tank room
Tank
Fuel
Energy content equal
Storage volume (Relative to MDO above double bottom)
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DF Engines - Operating modes
* ** ** * **
******
** **
***
**
Intake ofair and gas
Compression ofair and gas
Ignition bypilot diesel fuel
Otto principle
Low-pressure gas admission
Pilot diesel injection
Gas mode: Ex. In. Ex. In.Ex. In.
Intake ofair
Compression ofair
Injection ofdiesel fuel
Diesel principle
Diesel injection
Diesel mode:Ex. In. Ex. In.Ex. In.
Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NOX
Big temperature difference
NOx formation!
Otto, max flame temp.
Diesel, max flame temp.
1858-1913
1831-1891
2sDF Engine / May 2013April 19, 2023
DF Engines - Emissions
CO2
NOx
SOx
ParticulatesDieselengine
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Emissionvalues [%]
-25%
-85%
-99%
-99%
19 April 2023
14 © Wärtsilä
DF Vs SG
Dual-Fuel enginein gas mode
IMO Tier III compliant
SOx compliant
EPA compliant
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Cleaner Exhaust Emissions
• 25-30% lower CO2
– Thanks to low carbon to hydrogen ratio of fuel
• 85% lower NOX
– Lean burn concept (high air-fuel ratio)
• No SOX emissions
– Sulphur is removed from fuel when liquefied
• Very low particulate emissions
• No visible smoke
• No sludge deposits
What about Methane slip and THC?
19 April 2023
DF Vs SG 16 © Wärtsilä
• Total un-burnt Hydrocarbons (THC) is currently not regulated by IMO
• THC are part of exhaust gases, where Methane (CH4) is one part of THC
• 60-90% of THC is consisting of Methane, depending on the gas quality
• Methane is 25 times more harmful than CO2 and listed as a greenhouse gas (GHG)
Total Greenhouse Gases
19 April 2023
DF Vs SG 17
Based on the ISO defined operating profileCH4 in THC is 60-90% depending on gas composition
Approx ~20% reduction*
* Based on 32 / 34 bore comparison
CH4 as CO2 equivalent when CH4 part of THC is max 60%
CO2
18 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Design focus - expanded
• Lowest emissions– Fuel selection – Engine technology
• Highest functionality– Thrust response– Required bollard pull
DF Engine
DUAL-FUEL (DF)
GAS-DIESEL (GD)
Gas burning technologies
19 April 2023
DF Vs SG 19 © Wärtsilä
SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG)
1987 1992 1995
DE
SIG
N P
HIL
OS
OP
HY
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Wärtsilä Dual-fuel engine characteristics
– High efficiency– Low gas pressure– Low emissions, due to:
• High efficiency
• Clean fuel
• Lean burn combustion
– Fuel flexibility• Gas mode
• Diesel mode
– Two engine models• Wärtsilä 34DF
• Wärtsilä 50DF Wärtsilä 6L50DF
21 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Technical data W34 (DF) Engine
Engine speed rpm 720 750
Bore mm 340 340
Stroke mm 400 400
Mean piston speed m/s 9.6 10
Mean eff. pressure bar 20 19.8
Max output/ cyl. kW 435 450
L
L
3
2
1
4
5
6
7
LNG Pac for DF Engine
5. Dual-Fuel Main engine
1. Fueling Station
2. Gas Storage
6. Dual-Fuel Aux engines
3. Evaporators
4. Gas valve unit enclosure
7. Integrated control system
Leading into the Gas age complete system supply
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2sDF Engine
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LNG tank
• Cylindrical pressure vessel– C-type acc. to ICG code
• Vacuum insulated
• Approved for passenger vessels
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LNG storage location
Gas storage below deck
Min. B/15 or 2 m (the lesser)
Never less than 760 mm
Never less than 760 mm
Min. B/5 or 11,5 m (the lesser)
LNG tank
LNG tank
Glycol-water skid
2013
25
Wärtsilä LNGPac™ ISO / Jonatan Byggmästar
The glycol-water (GW) skid extracts heat from the engine LT-water circuit for evaporating and heating of the LNG
• A mixture of glycol and water is used as heating media and supplied to the evaporator skid
• The GW skid shall preferably be installed in the engine room
Flange connections• GW to/from evaporator skid• LT- water in & out
Equipment• Redundant GW pumps• GW/LT heat exchangers• Process valves• Instrumentation
Gas Valve Unit in enclosure benefits
Main features• Can be located in the same
engine room, dedicated compartment not needed
• Compact design and easy installation (plug-and-play concept)
• Integrated ventilation system when combined with LNGPac
• Lower total investment cost compared to existing GVU
• Optimal for retrofit installation, due to compact size
26 © Wärtsilä
2sDF Engine
27 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Bunkering
– LNG Terminal
– Tanker truck
– Tanker ship / barge
– Land based storage tankSuorce:www.knutsenoas.com
30 © Wärtsilä
Engine characteristics - Operating mode changes (3/3)
SpeedLoad
Receiver pressureGas pressure
Pilot fuel pressure
Diesel actuator
Transfer from gas modeto diesel mode
at 100% load
Test result 18V50DF
Speed
Gas pressureLoad
Receiver pressure
Pilot fuel pressure
Diesel actuator
Transfer from diesel modeto gas modeat 80% load
Test result 18V50DF
31 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Fuel prices
USD/ton EUR/ton USD/MBtu
MDO 980 ---- ----
MGO Abt.1000 ---- -----
LNG 465 ---- ------
31 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Source: www.bunkerworld.com (Rotterdam February 2008), LNG price estimated
1 EUR = 1.47 USD
33 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Conclusions
• LNG for low emissions
• DF Engines for lower fuel consumption, and emissions
• Electronics instantaneous load response
• Dual Fuel flexibility
10
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50
60
70
80
90
100
00:00 00:20 00:40 01:00 01:20 01:40 02:00 02:20 02:40 03:00 03:20 03:40 04:00
34 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:
Thank You..!
WärtsiläWärtsiläLeading Gas Applications in Off Shore MarketLeading Gas Applications in Off Shore Market
e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]