1 vlan trunking protocol- chapter 4 ccna exploration semester 3 modified by profs. ward and...
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VLAN Trunking protocol- Chapter 4
CCNA Exploration Semester 3
Modified by Profs. Ward
and Cappellino
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Topics
The role of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Operation of VTP Configure VTP on switches
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Semester 3
LAN Design
Basic Switch Concepts
VLANs
VTP- Ch 4
STP
Inter-VLAN routing
Wireless
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Purpose of VTP VLANs are created on a _______________. What if you have the same VLANs on 10 linked
switches? Or 100 linked switches? Do you have to create the VLANs on every switch and allow them on each trunk? As the number of switches increases the overall administration
required to manage VLANs and trunks becomes a challenge. VTP helps…
VTP allows a network manager to _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ in the network
Switch can be configured as a ________________________ Access ports to VLANs on each switch must ______________
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VTP Factory Defaults
Version ______ (Versions 2 and 3 also exist.) VTP domain name is _______________ VTP mode: __________________ One active VLAN- ______________ Configuration revision number 0 Any switches added to a domain should be in
the default condition or they may send unwanted information to other switches.
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show VTP status Parameters…
VTP Version Maximum VLANs Supported Number of Existing VLANs VTP Operating Mode- server, client, or transparent. VTP Domain Name VTP Pruning Mode VTP V2 Mode (disabled by default) VTP Traps Generation MD5 Digest (checksum of VTP configuration) Configuration Last Modified
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VTP Components
VTP Domain3 different VTP modes:
VTP ______________ VTP _____________ VTP _____________
VTP Advertisements VTP Pruning
More to come on all of these…
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VTP Domain
Group of layer 2 switches _______________ and the _____________________________
Boundary of domain ends at __________________ Each switch can belong to only ______________. Domain _________ the extent to which
configuration ____________________ _________________, so all switches in domain
must be Cisco switches. Switch can be linked but not part of domain.
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VTP Server Mode
______________ mode of switch One switch acts as server. __________________________ on the server
switch for the entire VTP domain _____________on this switch. Information saved in ________________. Server ________________________ in the same
VTP domain over active trunk links. Keeps ________________ through a ___________
____________________
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VTP Client Mode
Client _________________________________ and forwards that info to other switches Client switches then have the same VLANs as the server
A switch in ________________________________ ____________________________________
Client _________________________________ held only in RAM and lost if switch is powered off If shut down and restarted, switch sends a request
advertisement to a VTP server for updated VLAN information
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VTP Transparent Mode
Switch _____________________________ _________________________________ Can ________________________, not shared
with other switches. Put a switch in transparent mode if it has
local VLANs that are not on other switches. The other switches do not need to know about
them. VLAN _____________________________
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VTP Frame Structure _________________ (aka messages)
____________________________________________________________ to VTP-enabled switches.
VTP Frame EncapsulationA VTP frame ____________________ and a __________________________The ________________ is inserted into the _____________ of an Ethernet frame. The Ethernet frame is then _________ ______________________________________________ in the domain sends _______________________ out each trunk port
Received by neighboring switches, which update their VTP and VLAN configurations as necessary.
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Fields of a VTP Frame
__________ _____________________ ___________________ 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC Reserved multicast address for ___________________
VTP header field - The contents vary depending on the VTP message type but always contains these VTP fields: ___________ - Identifies the domain for the switch. Domain name __________ - Length of the domain name. ____________ - Set to either VTP 1, VTP 2, or VTP 3. __________________________ - The current configuration
revision number on this switch.
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Configuration revision number
32-bit number. Default value is _____________. It is _____________________________
__________________________ Reset to 0 if domain name changes. Switch uses revision number to see if
________________________________________________ that what that switch already holds.
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VTP ______________________
Contains the ________________, the _____ ___________, and other VTP ____________ __________________
Sent immediately __________________ with updated revision number.
Sent ______________________________ to check on current VTP configuration revision number.
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VTP _________ Advertisement
Sent ____________________- if: The VTP _________________________ The switch __________________________
___________________________________________________________ than its own
A subset advertisement message is missed for some reason
The ________________________
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VTP Advertisement process
A switch receives a summary advertisement. _______________________ to its own
domain name. If name is different, the switch ignores the packet.
If the name is the same, the switch _________ _______________ to its own revision number. It’s own number ___________________ the
packet. It’s __________________, sends an
________________________________
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VTP _________ Advertisement
Contains _______________________ Several subset ads may be needed if there is a lot
of information. ____________________________________
or after: _________________________ Suspending or activating a VLAN __________________________ Changing the MTU of a VLAN
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Subset Advertisement Fields
Version Code Seq-number Domain name length
Management domain name (padded to 32 bytes)
Configuration revision number
VLAN info field 1
VLAN info field 2
Etc.
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Subset Ad VLAN info field
VLAN-Info
Info length Status VLAN-Type VLAN-name Len
ISL VLAN ID MTU size
802.10 index
VLAN name (padded to multiple of 4 bytes)
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Pros and cons
_____ network – ______________ with VTP. ______ network – good for consistency and
___________________________ ___________ switches need lots of
_______________, clients do not. Redundancy – don’t have everything on one
server switch. Extreme care when _________________
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VTP pruning
______________________ Enable it on _______________ in domain. Stops VLAN traffic from being sent on links
that _______________________________ _______________ that are _________________
on the remote switch Cuts down on traffic on trunk links. Enabled using the vtp pruning global
configuration command
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VTP Configuration Guidelines Summary
Curriculum goes into more detail- these are good guidelines to know…
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Domain names and passwords
Configure a domain name on the ______________________________ The other switches will ________________ If you configure domain name on other switches,
check that it is exactly the same as domain names are case sensitive.
If you use a _______________ then it must be ______________________________
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Versions
VTP _____________ is used by _______ on Catalyst switches, but they can use version 2.
If you configure version 2 on one switch then the other switches should learn the new version and change to it.
If a switch is _____________ of running version 2 then it will ___________________ ______________________________
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Configure VTP Highlights…
Configure VTP with a _________________ _________________________________
Existing VLANs are removed when you start to configure VTP.
Check that links are ____________________ Configure client switches to ____________
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Commands on server
SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco1 SW1(config)#vtp password cisco
(Password is optional)
Server mode is default, but if it was changed: SW1(config)#vtp mode server
Version 1 is default, but command is: SW1(config)#vtp version 1
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Commands on server
Create VLANs- as shown in chapter 3
Check that link is a trunk. Check VTP operation SW1# show vtp status Assign switch ports to VLANs.
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Client configuration
SW2(config)#vtp mode client Check that link is a trunk. Check VTP operation SW2# show vtp status Assign switch ports to VLANs -as shown in
chapter 3
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Things to check when troubleshooting VTP configs
______________. It needs to be _____________ on all switches in the domain.
_________________. Is it exactly _____________ on all switches?
__________________ if any. Is it exactly ________ on all switches?
Check that there is at ______________________. Better to have two.
If you recently added a new switch, has its revision number been set to 0?
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VTP
A lot of this chapter material is summarized in this flash
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/473/vtp_flash/