1 verginia

7/28/2019 1 verginia

1/39

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

Gopal Singh CharanLecturerSGL College of Nursing


2/39

CREDENTIALS ANDBACKGROUND OF THETHEORIST

The Nightingale of Modern Nursing

Modern-Day Mother of

Nursing.

Born in Kansas City,

Missouri, in 1897

She attended the U.S.Army School of Nursing.

4/3/2013 2


3/39

CREDENTIALS AND BACKGROUND

OF THE THEORIST

Subsequently, she joined Columbia as amember of the faculty, where she

remained until 1948.

Her most important writing, Principles

and Practice of Nursing.

Honor Society of Nursing named their

library in honor of her contributions Died: March 19, 1996

4/3/2013 3


4/39

Sources of Hendersons definition of

Nursing

First, she participated in the revision ofa nursing textbook.

Second, she was concerned that

many states had no provision fornursing licensure to ensure safe and

competent care for the consumer.

4/3/2013 4


5/39


nursing (contd)

Official statements on the nursingfunction were published by the

American Nurses Association(ANA) in

1932 and 1937. Henderson viewed these statements

as nonspecific and unsatisfactory

definitions of nursing practice.

4/3/2013 5


6/39


Nursing cont..

Individual care is evident in that shestressed assisting individuals.

She proposed 14 components of basic

nursing care to augment her definition. In 1955, Hendersons first definition of

nursing was published in Bertha

Harmers revised nursing textbook.

4/3/2013 6


7/39

Henderson's Definition of

Nursing

The unique function of nurse is toassist the individual, sick or well,in the performance of thoseactivities contributing to health or

its recovery (or to peaceful death)that he would perform unaided ifhe had the necessary strength,

will or knowledge. And to this insuch a way as to help him gainindependence as rapidly as

possible. 4/3/2013 7


8/39

Values & Beliefs She strongly believed in "getting

inside the skin"of her patients inorder to know what he or she needs.

The nurse should be the substitute forthe patient, helper to the patient and

partner with the patient.

84/3/2013


9/39

Values & Beliefs Like she said...

"The nurse is temporarily the

consciousness of the unconscious, the

love of life for the suicidal, the leg ofthe amputee, the eyes of the newly

blind, a means of locomotion for the

infant and the knowledge andconfidence for the young mother..."

4/3/2013 9


10/39

14 components of BasicNursing Care

Breathe normally.

Eat and drink adequately.

Eliminate body wastes.

Move and maintain desirable

postures.

Sleep and rest.

Select suitable clothes-dress and

undress.

104/3/2013


11/39

The 14 components cont..

Maintain body temperature

Keep the body clean

and well groomed and

protect the integument

Avoid dangers in the environment and

avoid injuring others.

4/3/2013 11


12/39

The 14 components cont..

Communicate with others inexpressing emotions, needs, fears, oropinions.

Worship according to ones faith. Work in such a way that there is a

sense of accomplishment.

Play or participate

in various forms

of recreation.

.4/3/2013 12


13/39

The 14 components cont Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity

that leads to normal development andhealth and use the available health

facilities

4/3/2013 13

Physiological

Psychosocial

Spiritual

Occupational


14/39

Major concepts

Patient

Have basic needs that are component

of health.

Requiring assistance to achieve healthand independence or a peaceful

death.

Mind and body are inseparable andinterrelated.

144/3/2013


15/39

Major concepts cont..

Considers biological, psychological,sociological, and spiritual components

Environment

Healthy individuals may be able tocontrol the environment, but illness

may interfere with that ability.

Nurses should protect patients from

mechanical

injury.

4/3/2013 15


16/39


Nurses should minimize the chancesof injury through recommendations

Doctors use nurses observations and

judgment as the base theirprescriptions for protective devices.

Nurses must know about social

customs and religious practice toassess dangers.

4/3/2013 16


17/39


Health

Health is a quality of life.

Health is basic to human functioning.

Health requires independence and

interdependence.

174/3/2013


18/39


Promotion of health is more importantthan care of the sick.

Individual will achieve or maintain

health if they have the necessarystrength, will or knowledge.

4/3/2013 18


19/39


Nursing Temporarily assisting an individual who

lacks the necessary strength, will and

knowledge to satisfy 1 or more of 14 basic

needs.

Assists and supports the individual in life

activities and the attainment of

independence. Nurse serves to make patient

complete whole", or

"independent. 4/3/2013 19


20/39


The nurse is knowledgeable in bothbiological and social sciences.

The nurse function as a member of a

medical team. Nurse should have knowledge to

practice individualized and human

care and should be a scientificproblem solver.

4/3/2013 20


21/39

Henderson and NursingProcess

Henderson views the nursing processas really the application of the logical

approach to the solution of a problem.

Nursing process stresses the scienceof nursing rather than the mixture of

science and art on which it seems

effective health care service of anykind is based.

214/3/2013


22/39

Nursing Process Hendersons 14 componentsand definition of nursing

Nursing Assessment Compare data to knowledge base of

health and disease.

Nursing Diagnosis Identify individuals ability to meet own

needs with or without assistance,

Nursing plan Document how the nurse can assist theindividual, sick or well.

Nursing implementation Assist the sick or well individual to

maintain health or recover from illness

Nursing evaluation Successful outcomes of nursing care

are based on the speed with which or

degree to which the patient performs

independently the activities of daily

living.

224/3/2013


23/39

CHARACTERSTICS OFNURSING THEORY Theories can interrelate concepts in

such a way as to create a different

way of looking at a particular

phenomenon. Theories must be logical in nature.

Her definition and components are

logical and the 14 components are aguide for the individual and nurse in

reaching the chosen goal.

234/3/2013


24/39

CHARACTERSTICS OFNURSING THEORY cont..

Theories should be relatively simple yet

generalizable.

Her work can be applied to the health of

individuals of all ages.

Theories can be the bases for hypotheses

that can be tested.

Her definition of nursing cannot be viewed

as theory; therefore, it is impossible to

generate testable hypotheses.244/3/2013


25/39

CHARACTERSTICS OFNURSING THEORY cont.

Her ideas of nursing practice are wellaccepted throughout the world as a

basis for nursing care.

However, the impact of the definitionand components has not been

established through research.

254/3/2013


26/39

THEORETICAL ASSERTIONS

THE NURSE PATIENTRELATIONSHIP

Three levels comprising the nurse patient

relationship can be identified, ranging from

very dependent to a quite independent

relationship

264/3/2013


27/39

THEORETICAL ASSERTIONScont..

Substitute

Helper

Partner

274/3/2013


28/39


THE NURSE-PHYSICIAN RELATIONSHIP

The care plan, formulated by both the nurse

and patient, must be implemented in such a

way as to promote the physicians prescribedtherapeutic plan.

Henderson stressed that nurses do not

follow doctors orders

284/3/2013


29/39

THEORITAL ASSERTIONS

THE NURSE AS A MEMBER OF THEHEALTHCARE TEAM

The nurse works in interdependence

with other healthcare professionals Henderson stated no one of the team

should make such heavy demands on

another member

294/3/2013

THEORETICAL ASSERTIONS


30/39


4/3/2013 30

NURSE

PATIENT ANDFAMILYPHYSICIAN

ANAESTHETICPATIENT

ANDFAMILY

PHYSICIAN

NURSE


31/39

APPLICATIONS cont..

Practice The nurse can help the patient move to an

independent state by

4/3/2013 31

Assessment

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation


32/39

APPLICATIONS cont..

Provide a rationale for collectingreliable and valid data about the

health status of clients

Help build a common nursingterminology to use in communicating

with other health professionals

324/3/2013

APP ICATIONS


33/39

APPLICATIONS cont..

Education

Provide a general focus for curriculumdesign

3 phases of curriculum development

4/3/2013 33

Fundamental needs

Meet theneeds

Patient andfamilycentered


34/39

APPLICATIONS cont..

ResearchResearch questions arise from each of the

14 components of basic nursing care.

Henderson concluded no profession,occupation or industry in this age can

evaluate adequately or improve it practice

without research Offer a framework for generating

knowledge and new ideas.

344/3/2013


35/39

Strengths

Nursing education has been deeplyaffected by Hendersons clear vision

of the functions of nurses.

It is broad in scope.

354/3/2013


36/39

Weaknesses

No concept of the holistic nature ofhuman being.

Lack of conceptual linkage between

physiological and other humancharacteristics.

Lacks inter-relate of factors and the

influence of nursing care.

364/3/2013


37/39

References

Ann Marriner Tomey; NursingTheorists and their Works; 5th edition;

2002; Page no.98-107

Malanie M and Evelyn m Willa;Theoritical basis for nursing; 2nd Ed

2007 page no.137-140

Kozier nad erbs;Fundamental ofnursing,8th ed;page no.43-44.

374/3/2013


38/39

References cont.. Marilyn P; Nursing theories and nursing

practice, 2001, page no.143-149Anne H and John R; A tribute to Virginia

Henderson; Advances in nursing science;

1996 Sep 19(1) 1-2 Edward j Halloran; Virginia Henderson and

her timeless timings; journal of advancednursing; 2006 May, page no. 17-24

Excellence in Nursing; American journal ofnursing; 1990 Apr.Page no.76-77

Current nursing.com

384/3/2013


39/39

1 verginia

Documents