2 smacking or reasoning?Part I Getting readyFamily education, a rather controversial issue, is now receiving more and more attention from the parents. As is known by all, the younger generation is the flower of one country, the hope of tomorrow and the future pillar ionone state. Then, how on earth should the parents, the first teachers of children, behave in bringing up their children?A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. pick up: stop for and take or bring (persons) along with one 2. rebel: resist any authority or control 3. smack: n. slap, a sharp blow with the o0en hand or and flat object

v. slap loudly, strike with the open hand or any flat object4.reason: argue or talk in a logical way5. spank: striking with something flat, as the open hand, esp. on the buttocks, as in punishment6. adopt: take (sb) into one’s family as a relation, esp. as a son or daughter, by legal process7. adolescent: a boy or a girl from puberty (青春期) to adulthood; teenage person8. soap opera: radio or TV serial drama with domestic problems, etc. in a sentimental and melodramatic (通俗闹剧) way9. lenient: merciful, not severe in disciplining, punishing, judging, etc.10. spare the rod, spoil the child: a child who is not punished will become undisciplined and unruly.B You are going to hear a short passage on the rules for children. Supply the missing words.When parents make a lot of rules about their children’s behavior, they make _____ -for themselves. I used to spend half my time making sure my rules were _____, and the other half answering questions like “jack can get up whenever he likes, so why can’t I ?” or “why can’t I _____ Angela? Jack’s mum doesn’t mind who he plays with” or “jack can drink anything he likes. Why can’t I drink _____ too?”Jack’s mum, I decided, was a ______ woman. I started saying things like “of course, ____. You can drink as much wine as you like” and “No, I don’t mind how _____ you get up” and “yes, dear, you can play with Angela as ______ as you like.”The _____ have been marvelous. They don’t want to get up late any more, they’ve decided they don’t like wine, and, most important, they’ve ______ playing with Angela. I’ve now realized (as Jack’s mum realized a long time ago) that they only _____ to do all these nasty things because they weren’t _____ to .Part II Radio phone-inFrom ancient times to the present,. Human beings are never free from personal problems. Fortunately, in modern society, one can always seek help or advice from a variety of sources such as psychologists, TV programs, radio hot lines and so on and so forth.A In this section you are going to hear a telephone conversation on a radio program called “phone-In”.1. first listen to some names. Tessa Colbeck Maurice rex rosemary Christine

Brighton Manchester Norfolk2. now listen to the conversation. While listening for the fist time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the following questions. Questions1. Apart from the radio presenter, how many people are invited on this programmed?__________________________________________________________ 2. Who is Doctor Maurice Rex?He is _____________at the University of Norfolk.3. If you live in London, which number should you ring?_________________________________________________________4. How old will the caller be in two months’ time?_________________________________________________________5. How long does it take the caller to walk from her friend’s house to hers?_________________________________________________________6. What’s the name of the caller’s friend?_________________________________________________________7. Why doesn’t the caller’s dad allow her to stay out late?Because he is _________ and is afraid that it may not be ___________.8. If the caller doesn’t come home on time, what will her dad do?He will not let her ____________.9. Maurice gives advice to the caller. What is it?Maurice advises her to _____________quietly with her dad and have a __________about it.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the telephone conversation. Do the multiple choice.1. Tessa Co beck is a ______________.a. doctor b. writer c. university teacher d. radio reenter.2. If you live outside London, the number you should ring is ______ 2222122.a. 10 b. 21 c. 01 d. 203. The caller is supposed to get home ______ at night.a. at a quarter to ten b. after ten o’clockc. at a quarter after ten d. before ten o’clock4. Tessa Co beck first thinks that the caller lives in ____.a. Brighton b. Manchester c. London d. Norfolk5. What does Tessa suggest the caller to at the end of the conversation?a. Tell her had what she thinks about it.b. Ask her dad why he does so.c. Persuade her dad to pick her up.d. Promise her dad that she will behave in her friend’s house.Part III Family disciplineAccording to a report carried out by the magazine Children, nine out of ten parents smack their children, but parents often misunderstand their children’s bad behavior. Is it right for parents to use smacking as a punishment? Will parents feel guilty about using it?A You are going to hear some people talking about their attitudes towards the punishment of children. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column.

After the second listening, decide whether the speaker in each passage is a parent or a kid. Write “P” for a parent and “K” for a kid.A Parent or a Kid?Speaker 1: ____ Speaker 2: _____ Speaker 3: ______Speaker 4: ____ Speaker 5: _____ Speaker 6: ______B Listen to the monologues again. Look at the following chart. For the first two columns, tick one suitable attitude for each speaker. For the last column, fill in the missing information according to what you hear on the tape. You can refer to the above notes as well.Speaker 1Approval of Punishment to some Degree:Disapproval of Punishment:Possible Action one will Take to a Kid: A certain amount of ______ will be needed, but not ______of it.Speaker 2Approval of Punishment to some Degree:Disapproval of Punishment:Possible Action one will Take to a Kid: _____ to them; try to _____ why one is upset and what it is that the kid has done______.Speaker 3Approval of Punishment to some Degree:Disapproval of Punishment:Possible Action one will Take to a Kid: ______a child and try to make him/her understand.Speaker 4Approval of Punishment to some Degree:Disapproval of Punishment:Possible Action one will Take to a Kid: He wouldn’t be as______ as his dad was.Speaker 5Approval of Punishment to some Degree:Disapproval of Punishment:Possible Action one will Take to a Kid: sometimes a quick, short ____ on the _____ or _____is necessary to make a child understand.Speaker 6Approval of Punishment to some Degree:Disapproval of Punishment:Possible Action one will Take to a Kid: It is a mixture: ______ at a child, sit down and _____ with a child, ______ a child out of the room, send a child_______ his room, not______ them have any pudding for the dinner, or even a little______.Part IV More about the topic: AdoptionMore often than not, there are some familiar scenes deeply impressed in our minds: when one gets to know by chance that he/she was adopted, he/she feels extremely painful and hates everybody around him/her, including the foster parents. Nevertheless, the fact is, being an adopted child is nothing to be ashamed of. He/ she is just perfectly the same with any other children.

You are going to hear a discussion about adopting children. Supply the missing words while listening.Woman: Many of the disadvantages- or many of the troubles that occur, with ______children, do of course also occur in the cases of children _____to their parents. But there are some, for example, grandparents say, who refuse to _____ an adopted grandchild as their own, or schoolchildren, children, like adults, are often ____, and who find out that a child is adopted, and perhaps tease or rag the child. Those ______ difficulties of course don’t arise in the case of children born to their _____. So I think there are a few difficulties that arise, that stem ____from adoption, but those parents who have ______ difficulties, I think often forget that many, many, what I call ____ children, children born to their parents, er, produce the ______ difficulties, so that one has to be careful in saying, this is _____ adoption.Man : you put a great stress on the need to tell the child as _____ as possible that he or she is adopted …Woman: yes.Man: why is this so?Woman: I think it’s terribly important, because the child is bound to _____ it sometime or other. I have met some very _____ case\s, where the parents hadn’t _____ the child, that he or she was adopted, and then some well-meaning, perhaps not so well-meaning, ____, told the child, or adolescent. It was a great _____ to the child, in some cases, the child literally packed a suitcase and ______. I know of several cases of ____ who did that. And even if they don’t react quite so violently, on such a vital topic, they _____ them? Also, if you don’t tell your child that he, or she, is adopted, it______that there is something faintly shameful about it, and of course this is not the case, and it should be not ______ or _____ to be the case, either by the parents or the children. And if the parents, or anyone_____ associated with the child feels it, they’re not very _____, in my opinion, to be adoptive parents. Part V Memory test: Freedom or Discipline?Almost in all countries, there is fear in many a home. When there is a lack of freedom and love, you cannot have self-regulation. Instead, you will have rebellion. As a matter of fact, you can only have a free atmosphere in the home when fear is absent.A In the following short passage, you are going to hear some complaints poured out by Louisa’s mother about watching TV. After that some questions will be asked. Listen and write down brief answers as quickly as possible according to the notes you have taken while listening.1. __________________ 2. _____________________3. __________________ 4. _____________________B You are going to hear a monologue in which a boy complains about his parents. After that some statements will be read to you. Decide whether they are true or False. Put “T” or “F” in the brackets. While you listen, don’t forget to write down some key words in the notes column.1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( )Part VI Reminder of key points in this unitPart I Verb & verb phrase : make trouble Noun & noun phrase : rule result

Other : marvelous nastyPart II Verb & verb phrase : concentrate on stay out get mixed up pick sb up Noun & noun phrase : personal problems studio agony column chat Other : embarrassing roughPart III Verb & verb phrase : rebel smack defend reasonNoun & noun phrase : solution dark experience smack moan alternative spankOther : upset awfully drawn-out incrediblyPart IV Verb & verb phrase : occur adopt tease rag stem from put a stress on be bound to pack

know of react closely associate with Noun & noun phrase : adoption biological children adolescent shock suitcase teenager Other : adoptive in the case of due to as early as possible well-meaning literally

Violently vital faintly shamefulPart V Verb & verb phrase : deprive sneak be of the opinion be of value hang out spare the rod, spoil the rod, spoil the child . apply.Noun & noun phrase : input soap opera directionOther : first and foremost under one’s care crummy naïve lenient on one’s own

biblical harsh 3 a sweet, sweet home Part I. Getting readyA. Home is a place where people can cook, eat, sleep, relax, and care for their children. It protects people from harsh weather--- the freezing snow or blizzard, the pouring of heavy rain, the howling of the wild wind, the glare and heat of the burning sun--- as well as from insects, wild animals, and other dangers.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the

definitions.1. foldaway: that can be folded together for easy storage 2. blind: anything that keeps out light, as a window shade or shutter3. detached: not connected, separate4. estate: landed property; individually owned piece of land containing a residence5. sink: any of various basins, as in a kitchen or laundry, connected with a drainpipe and

usually, a water supply6. appliance: a device or machine for performing a specific task, esp. one that is worked

mechanically or by electricity7. study: a room in a house designed for study, writing, reading, etc.8. warranty: written or printed assurance (to repair or replace defective goods)9. guarantee: give an assurance that something will be replaced or repaired if it does not

meet specifications.10. install: fix in position for use B A house agent is showing a couple around a flat, which they probably will rent. Below is a list of furniture items. Listen to the conversation and fill in suitable numbers in the plane

figure of the flat.1. foldaway double bed and mattress 5. fitted wardrobe2. coffee table 6. electric cooker3. refrigerator 7. sofa4. bathroom 8. tumble dryerPart II The dream houseIt seems that people never cease dreaming. Once their dream comes true, they will begin dreaming of better things or different things soon after. For example, one may first dream of owning a small room, then an apartment with a private bathroom, then a detached house, and then a villa in the country. What is the house in your dream like?A In this section you are going to hear six people describing their dream house. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the mid-column. After the second listening, write down the type of dream house each speaker would like to live in.B Listen to the passage again. After that you will hear some questions on the tape. Please answer them in no more than four words with the help of the above notes.1. ______________ 2. _______________3. ______________ 4. _________________5. ______________ 6. _________________7. ______________ 8. _________________Part III Flat hunting Houses not only offer protection from the weather but they also help protect the people who live in them from people outside. Sometimes a house protects things we want to keep safe from burglars; and sometimes a house simply offers you a chance to be by yourself and away from other people. In order to make sure of all these things, you must be very careful in looking for a proper place to live in.A In this section you are going to hear a woman visiting a flat, which she is thinking of buying or renting. Below are some of the things mentioned in the conversation. Decide which will be taken away by the former house owner and which will be left behind. Complete the following chart with the help of the notes you have taken while listening.Gas cooker fridge dishwasher gas firePlumbing stove washing machine ovenThings that will be taken away things that will be left behindB You must have already known that there are three bedrooms and one bathroom in the flat. Listen to the conversation again. With the help of the above notes, fill in the furniture items that are suitable for each room or that are already fitted in the room.Rooms : the smallest bedroom the medium sized bedroom

The largest bedroom the bathroomFurniture items: C Now listen to the conversation again and decide whether the statements after the conversation are True or False. Put “T” or “F” in the brackets. 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( )Part IV More about the topic: the refrigerator artA refrigerator, which was originally designed to keep food fresh, is now being used in more and more different ways. You can use it as a cupboard for storing various things, and you

can even use magnets to stick all kinds of papers on its door so as to remind you of the things you have to do. Some people call it refrigerator art.The following passage is about refrigerator art. Supply the missing words while listening.

Man: Refrigerators are large machines that keep foods ::__________. But a lot of people use them to ::_______ more than just food.Woman: Call it refrigerator art. In some homes the refrigerator works like a ::__________ to show collections of refrigerator magnets. People use magnets to stick papers like ::_______ and children’s ::_______ to the metal of a refrigerator. But a refrigerator magnet can be a ::_______ of art itself. Some people just enjoy looking at them, countless numbers of refrigerator magnets can be found in ::_______. Some have small copies of foods or ::_______ on the front. Some show colorful designs or pictures of famous people. Some refrigerator magnets are electronic. They make ::______, like this one that is shaped like a motor-cycle and sounds like a motor-cycle::______ starting. Other magnets are extremely small like sets of magnetic words and ::__________ for writing poetry on the refrigerator. One example of this kind of magnets set is for ::_______. It makes it possible to write frightening Halloween messages that ::________ in the dark. Businesses often give refrigerator magnets to people as a marketing::_______ to sell their services. Some::________ agencies also have them. For example, the American space agency sells magnets shaped like::_______ and space shuttles. Refrigerator magnets can be ::________. Student engineers at the University of Wisconsin at Madison use them in ::_________. And young children use refrigerator magnets that are letters to play and learn. They ::________ the letters in different positions to make words. A refrigerator door covered with a lot of magnets can be educational in ::________ ways, too. Children can learn about the laws of ::________ just by watching what happens when someone closes the door too hard. The magnets all ::_______. Refrigerators can become as crowded with magnets on the outside as they are with food on the::________. So when people say they need a ::_______ refrigerator, what they might really mean is they need a bigger refrigerator ::________.Part V Memory test: the warranty insuranceSuppose some robbers broke in and took many things away from your house, or suppose there was something wrong with your TV set, your washing machine or your refrigerator and a large sum of money would be needed for repairs. What should you do? There is no need to worry. You can protect yourself against loss by buying insurance policies which promise to pay you for the things that were stolen in the robbery or for repairing things that broke down.You are going to hear two people talking about taking out a warranty insurance for some of their household goods. Complete the following two charts with the information you hear. Of course you can refer to the notes you have taken while listening.Chart 1Name: Mr.M.LewisAddress : ___abbey road,_____Things chosen for insurance (you can tick the items.) 1. the washing machine 2. the black-and-white television set

3. the fridge4. the color television set 5. the oven6. the cooker7. the cooker Chart 2Insurance items purchase date make model the original warranty period insurance fee

Moffat CrestaPart VI Reminder of key points in this unitPart I Verb & verb phrase : be fully fitted end up in Noun & noun phrase : bed-sitting room foldaway double bed mattress wardrobe

Night attire roller blinds tumble dryer electric cooker cubbyholeOther : novelPart II Verb & verb phrase : cut offNoun & noun phrase : dream house foof-garden pot-plant pillar dry-stone wall

high tide Other : detached uncoil daft isolatedPart III Verb & verb phrase : come round leave behind make intoNoun & noun phrase : estate agent particular dishwasher sink plumbing appliance gas fire lounge balcony study airing cupboard showerOther : reliablePart IV Verb & verb phrase : stick fall off Noun & noun phrase : magnet work of art HalloweenOther : in the darkPart V Verb & verb phrase : cover go wrong guarantee install break down hang on Noun & noun phrase : warranty insurance hob fortuneOther: in case in the long run

4 going to school (I)Part I Getting ready Education denotes the methods by which a society hands down from one generation to the next its knowledge, culture, and values. The individual being educated develops physically, mentally, emotionally, morally, and socially. The work of education may be accomplished by an individual teacher, the family, a church, or any other group in society. Formal education is usually carried out by the school.A. The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.

1. counselor: someone who is paid to listen to people’s problems and provide support and advice2. make the grade: succeed; reach the necessary standard3. quit: stop (doing something) and leave4. term: any of three periods of time into which the teaching year is divided at schools, universities, etc.; also semester: any of two periods of time into which the teaching year is divided in the U.S.5. concentrate: direct (one’s thoughts, efforts, attention, etc.) towards a particular activity or porpoise6. intelligent: having or showing powers of learning, reasoning, or understanding, especially to a high degree.7. go to pieces: lose the ability to think or act clearly because of fear, sorrow, etc.8. strict: severe and demanding obedience, especially in rules of behavior9. requirement: something that is needed or that is demanded as necessary]10. goody-goody: a person who likes to appear faultless in behavior so as to please others, not because he or she is really goodB. A school counselor in a high school is trying to understand exactly what Sam’s problem is. Listen to their conversation and decide whether the following statements are true of false. Put “T” or “F” in the brackets.( ) 1. Sam has an examination tomorrow.( ) 2. he thinks he will do well in the exam.( ) 3. at the moment he feels worried.( ) 4. he thinks his father will be sympathetic if he does badly in the exam.( ) 5. Sam wants to quit the exam because he is afraid that he would let his father down again.( ) 6. Sam once entered a chess competition.( ) 8. after the competition, Sam’s father told his friends how good Sam was at chess.( ) 9. at the end Sam says that the counselor does not understand his problem.C. You are going to hear Mr. and Mrs. Thompson discussing their daughter’s work in parkway secondary School with her class teacher. Listen carefully. Fill in the missing comments and information on the school report form. Write only one word for each blank.PARKWAY SECONDARY SCHOOL REPORT FORMNAME: Tracey Thompson CLASS: 4A YEAR: 1998-1999CLASS TEACHER: Tracey is a very ____ girl. She must learn to _____ less and work______.MATH: Tracey enjoys math. Recently she has found the work ________.BIOLOGY: Tracey’s work has not been up to standard of late. She must _____ during lessons.ART: Tracey’s quite good at______ , but she spends too much time________to her friends.GEOGRAPHY: Tracey is a lively member of the class. However I have not had and____from her all ______.ENGLISH: Excellent. She does very good work. Tracey always has______to ______during lessons.

FRENCH: If only Tracey could speak_______ during lessons! This term she is______ of the class.SPORT: A good term. Tracey has played an_____part in the success of the _____ team.

Part II The teacher I remember best The American educator Horace Mann once said: “as an apple is not in any proper sense an apple until it is ripe, so a human being is not in any proper sense a human being until he is educated.” Education is the process through which people endeavor to pass along to their children their hard-won wisdom and their aspirations for a better world. The most important role played in education is the teacher.A. You are going to hear someone telling you about his most memorable teacher. Listen to the first part of the monologue. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer each of the following questions in no more than three words or numbers.Questions1. Which teacher do I remember best?::_________________________________________________2. How long did I study French with him?::________________________________________________3. How old was I when I met the teacher?::________________________________________________4. What languages did I study at the university?::________________________________________________5. What kinds of exercises did the teacher give us?::________________________________________________6. What kinds of facilities were unavailable in those days?::________________________________________________7. What course did the music teacher’s wife give us?::________________________________________________8. What did I use to do during the summer holidays?::________________________________________________B Listen to the second half of the monologue. While listening for the first time, take notes in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the following chart.NationalityAppearance: hair eyes eyebrows other featuresLeisure activity: music sportFamily: C Now listens to the whole monologue again. Answer the question: why can’t is forget the French teacher?Though he was very ::__________and not very ::_________, with him I really ::_____________. He was very ::____________with us. He made us::_______________. Because of the limitation of the teaching facilibegin to like ::______________. It was mainly because of him that I went on to study ::_________________at ::_____________. With him I

learned that learning a ::____________ is like ::______________ or ::_____________ into a ::_____________. And it helps us to see that the way we ::______________ and ::_________________ in our country isn’t necessarily the ::_______________ or, indeed, the ::__________________.Part III Teachers and pupilsResearch commissioned by the World Bank shows that a teacher’s qualifications, qualifications, experience, education kevel, and knowledge have significant consequences for what children achieve. The trend world-wide is for all teachers to receive higher education and specialist teacher training. But a good relationship between teachers and students is also very important.A. you are going to hear Christine telling you the advantages and disadvantages of teaching as a job. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the following chart.AdvantagesThere are so many enjoyable ______ things.Students are so _________.It’s very rewarding.DisadvantagesIt’s _______________ work.It’s awfully tiring _______________, and ___________ at times.B Now you are going to hear Christine telling you the changes that have taken place in the relationship between teachers and pupils. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the following flow diagrams.According to Christine, there have been two major changes in the relationship between teachers and pupils:I. THE QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP (Fill in the blanks.)Teachers have become more _______, more ______, and more prepared to allow the students _________ as individuals.As a resultThe relationship is more ______, more ______, and less ______.ThereforeStudents are involved much more in their own ______ and their own ______.II. THE CLASSROOM (Tick the right box.)Nowadays, teachersTry to rule using fear, punishment and threatTry to win and earn the respect of childrenTo build up A relaxed relationship and relaxed classroomAn authoritarian classroomWhich meansLow expectations.Purposeful quality work.C Now listens to the whole speech again. According to Christine, what makes a good teacher?

According to Christine, a good teacher:Enjoys instead of fearing the ::___________ things that can’t be planned for; Is a good listener;Is someone that students ::___________ as a _____;Teaches students about “::_____________” they’re going into, and about ::___________ and ::___________ as well as what is written in the textbook;Treats students ::____________ and is able to develop _____ relationships with students;Is able to take the students into a whole world, which is _____ and _____;Really ::________________ for students;Is skillful enough to organize a well-ordered, ::___________, ::___________ and ::___________ classroom;Trusts students as ::________________;::_______________ Students to know more about him/her as an ::___________;Takes students’ ::________________ on board, and listens to students’ ::______________ his/her own work;Is able to earn the ::____________ of students, and therefore builds up a ::______________ relationship with them;Part IV More about the topic: Computers and University LifeComputers are increasingly used in classrooms in combination with traditional modes of instruction. Computer-aided education can dramatically increase a student’s access to information. Many students benefit from the immediate responsiveness of computer interactions and appreciate the self-paced and private learning environment.The following short passage is about the relationship between computers and university life. Supply the missing words while listening.Computers are an increasing part of life in ::___________ and ::_____________. Many students and teachers depend on their electronic ::___________. Computers can search the world for ::_____________ stored in electronic ::___________ and the Internet computer system. They can help ::_______________ complex scientific ::___________. They can also make simpler tasks easier like writing ::____________ and ::____________.American colleges and universities spent more than ::___________ dollars on computers last year. They also spent almost ::___________ dollars dent to ::___________ a computer. Some ::____________ computers to their students.Computers are used a lot for electronic mail called ::____________. Some professors like to ::_____________ with their students or ::______________ reports by e-mail. Students also write to ::___________ and ::___________. Students use the Internet computer system to do ::____________, and at some schools, students can use their computers to ::_____________ their ::___________ and to ::_____________ up for ::_____________. In fact, with computers, students do not even have to go to class anymore. The class cans ::_____________ to them.Paul Elverson is a ::___________ professor. He also helps run an ::______________ called “connected education.” It teaches college classes in ::___________, _____ and other subjects by computer. More than ::___________ students have taken these classes since ::_____________. For such a class, a professor prepares ::____________ for students to read on their computers any time of ::____________ or ::_____________. Students also learn

the ::____________ of the class. They communicate with the ::___________ and other ::_____________ by e-mail. Professor evensong says the students can learn as ::____________ or ::____________ in ::_____________ months as they can in ::_______________ or ::_____________ months of traditional classes. Yet, he ::___________ there are ::___________ with this technology.Many who take ::____________ classes are known as non-traditional students. These students are generally ::____________ and have a ::____________ and a ::___________ to support. ::____________ of higher education students in America now are ::____________.Part V Memory Test: Children of a DecadeMemory is the process of storing and retrieving information in the brain. The process is central to learning and thinking. Four different types of remembering are or dearly distinguished by psychologists: recollection, recall, recognition, and relearning. Do you have a good memory? Can you remember the days when you were in your primary school?Jack and Shirley are appearing on a radio program about childhood. They are both going to be interviewed about their memories. Listen carefully. Complete the following chart by filling in jack and Shirley’s answers to each question listed.What do you remember about: jack ShirleyYour first holiday?Your first day at school?Your school days?Your favorite teacher?Your worst teacher?Your last day at school?Part VI Reminder of key points in this unitPart IVerb & verb phrase: quit make the grade let sb. Down get knocked out concentrate give up on sb. Guide go to pieces come bottom look on the bright sideNoun & noun phrase: counselor anxiety image chess explanation comment biology geography average attitude hockeyOther: anxious reluctant intelligent well above oral positive Part IIVerb & verb phrase: count make…easyNoun & noun phrase: grammar vocabulary video cassette rugbyOther: strict friendly in spite of bushyPart IIIVerb & verb phrase: plan for turn into come out treat imply breed involve take sth. On board lose out hand over demand take risk achieve shout at Noun & noun phrase: lesson plan hoot relationship downside drop standard familiarity contempt assessment feedback youngster threat expectation submission Other: unexpected entertaining amazing physically emotionally appropriate magic relaxed formal violently supportive vice versa vital authoritarian purposeful Part IVVerb & verb phrase: depend on search require communicate sign up admit

Noun & noun phrase: electronic brain electronic library internet program electronic mail (e-mail) requirement technologyOther: complex computer-basedPart VVerb & verb phrase: keep in touch with soak come to put sb. off bring tears to emblazonNoun & noun phrase: decade tabby chap Lake District porridge incident goody-goody hymnOther: homesick favorite worst marvelous shy staid5 going to school (II)Part I Getting readyReading is an activity characterized by the translation of symbols, or letters, into words and sentences that have meaning to the individual. The ultimate goal of reading is to be able to understand written material, to evaluate it, and to use it for one’s needs. Mature readers bring to the text their experiences, abilities, and interests; the text, in turn, allows them to expand those experiences and abilities and to find new interests.A The following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. receptive: willing to consider new ideas2. Intrigue: interest greatly, especially because strange, mysterious, or unexpected3. Elementary: concerning the first and most simple part of something 4. Course: a set of lessons or studies5. Freshman: a student in the first year at college or university6. Objective: an aim, especially one that must be worked towards a over a long period7. Revision: the work of studying again lessons already learnt8. Literature: written works that are of artistic value9. Regulate: make-work at a certain speed10. Small hours: the early morning hours just after midnightB You are going to hear several dialogues describing problems in reading English.Listen carefully and complete the following chart with all the problems and advice mentioned.Problem1. _______too much on ______2. can’t find the ______ in an ______ or a ______.3. not _____if the writer is being ____ or not.4. read too _______.Advice1. try to read a text without using a _____ the ______ time you read it.2. ________ quickly first to get an idea of _________and don’t_________.3. read ________ possible.4. set yourself a _________ and try to read _______ you can within the________.Part II How to write well?Writing is a method of human intercommunication. Writing can be achieved in either limited or full systems. Limited systems are used for purposes such as keeping accounts, recalling significant facts and conveying general meanings. Such systems are characterized by a high degree of ambiguity. Full systems are capable of expressing un-ambiguously any

concept that can be formulated in language.You are going to hear a monologue on how to write well. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column; after the second listening, answer the questions.Questions1. the human brain is divided into two parts according to the speaker. What are they?___________________________________________2. which part of the brain does a successful writer use to write a story?___________________________________________3. what are the major things necessary to make up a story according to the speaker?___________________________________________4. according to the speaker, a successful writer is usually in the habit of doing all the following exceptA) wanting to become one of the characters he/she creates.B) sitting quietly and waiting for a story to come to him.C) imaging himself/herself living in the setting of his/her story.D) drinking and smoking while writing to seek inspiration.B listen to the monologue again. Complete the following procedure on how to write a good story with the help of the above notes.Imagine that you are a ___________.Sit quietly while your mind __________ over the _______.Be _______ to the _________________________ that emerge. Write about the first ________________ you have chosen.Sit quietly in the place that your __________ has chosen.Wait for a ________________ to approach you.Sit on the _______________ of the scene. _________, ________, ___________ and record what happens before your eyes.Become one of the ________ and feel what happens from a particular ________.Become one of the other characters and ___________ from that person’s _________.Find your own way into the ___________ in whatever way your right brain ______ to you.Begin to _________ your story and let the story _________ as you write.Part III Visiting BritainPrograms through which people visit foreign countries to further their study or training, to teach, or to perform if they are artists or athletes are called exchange programs. All over the world, numerous educational, industrial, public, and private organizations take part in and conduct such programs. Among these are the British council and the institute of international education in America.You are going hear an interview in which someone gives advice to foreign students who want to study in Britain. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Questions1. if you go to a British council office abroad and ask them about courses in Britain, which of the following can you expect them to do?1) give you a list of courses and some general advice.

2) give you detailed advice on which course to choose.3) register you for the course you choose.2. the speaker mentions two things a student can do himself to make sure he goes on a course that suits him. What are they?1) __________________2) __________________3. the speaker mentions three kinds of schools that offer courses for foreign students. What are they?1) __________________2) __________________3) __________________4. why is it a good idea to stay with an English family?It’s the best way to ________________________.5. Why should you choose your family carefully?Otherwise you might find yourself with a family who ____________ or who __________.6. Why is it a good idea to bring? 1) A raincoat?In case ______________.2) One or two pullovers?In case _____________.3) travelers’ chouse?In case_____________.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Complete the following sentences with the help of the above notes.1. there are a variety of courses from _____________________ right down to ________, and perhaps one of the best ways of ___________________ about them is first of all to go to your local _______________________ office.2. …Basically I think the foreign student has to ___________ for himself by writing to _______ that he might get from the British council.3. …As far as ________ is concerned, it’s a good idea to stay if possible in an ________.4. As much you learn _________ in Britain, you still need the experience of practicing English in a __________________ , and staying with an English family is ______________- the best way of __________________ that kind of practice.5.…as for choosing a school, it’s important to get a _________ -try and find a family that one of your friends has already _______ or that you’re _______ or that somebody has _________.Part IV More about the topic: Personal Aims and ValuesValues, in ethics, means standards or qualities considered worthwhile and desirable. University students are usually considered to be God’s favored ones. Their academic studies will directly influence their future career. Besides academic studies, their personal aims and values in life are as important or more.He following short passage is about a “Freshman Report” given by the American council on personal aims and values. Supply the missing words while listening.To many researchers the most interesting part of the American council’s “Freshman Report” is the one that shows what these students said about their ______ and _____ in life.

Each student was asked to “______ the importance to him _______ of each of the following”.Becoming ______ in one of the performing arts (acting, dancing, etc.)Becoming an _______ in my field_______ The political structure_______ Other people’s social values_______ a familyHaving an _____ social life (going to parties, etc.)Having friends with different ______ from mine Having ________ for the work of othersBecoming __________Helping others who are in _____making a _______ to scienceWriting_____ works (poems, stories, etc.)Never ______ anything to anyone________ artistic works (painting, music, etc.)Keeping up-to-date with ________ affairsBeing _________ in a business of my own Helping in programs to clean up the ______Developing a good _____ of life Helping with a _______ action programGetting _______ within the next five years Seven of the above were rated “______” by more than half of the young men and women. Each of the ______ appears below with the ______ of freshmen who considered it important.______ with political affairs ______Having an active _________ ______Being an authority in my ___ ______Raising a ______ ______Having _____ different from me ___________ others in difficulty ______________a philosophy of life _____it is interesting to note which _____ were not rated very important by large numbers of these _______ college students. There was no strong_______ to become rich, or to be successful in _______, or to ________ others what to do. Helping to ______ the environment came close to being included in the list; it was ______ very important by _____ of the students.Above all, however, the students indicated a ______ for helping others and for _______ how life should be lived.Part V Memory test: study habitsHabit is an act acquired by experience and performed regularly and automatically. Habits include mannerisms, such as moving the hands when talking; satisfying psychological cravings such as smoking or overeating; and even characteristic reading preferences, such as that for Shakespearean tragedies. Do you know your study habit?You are going to hear two teachers in a staff room discussing how they used to study when they were at the university. Draw two flow diagrams to show their study habits.WOMAN

_______ incredibly early._______ a bit.Have _______________ a bit do ______, etc,have lunch.Have _______ in the afternoonHave ______.MAN_______ fairly early, around_______have ________get himself ______________work solidly for _________ without _______Part VI Reminder of key points in this unit Part IVerb & verb phrase: look up in / rely on /copy out / set a limitNoun & noun phrase: consultant / business management/ sense of humor / speed readingOther:Part IIVerb & verb phrase: imagine / consult/ wander/ emerge/ approach/ proceed/ intrigue/unfold Noun & noun phrase: setting/ character/ story-line/ plot/ plot/ image/ location/ edge/point of view/perspective/scriptOther: receptive /specific/ particularPart IIIVerb & verb phrase: work out/make a selection/ collect/ accept/ concern/ acquire/ get on with/ get thrown outNoun & noun phrase: course/ variety/ British council/ register/ alternative/ accommodation/ recommendation/ pullover/ traveler’s cherub/ risk Other: advanced/ elementary/ various/ overseas/ basically/ incasePart IVVerb & verb phrase: indicate / influence/ make contribution/ owe/ rate/ considerNoun & noun phrase: American Council/ freshman / performing art/ political structure/ social value/ responsibility/ environment/ philosophy/ community/ desire/ concernOther: original/ up-to-datePart VVerb & verb phrase: revise / share with/ potter about/ have fun/ regulate/ re-read/ select/ plough through Noun & noun phrase: revision technique/ rock music/ small hours/ brunch/ literature Other: amazingly/ opposite/ incredibly/ solkid(ly)/ unpleasant/ sensible/ classical/ regardless6 the computer: a necessary evil?Part I Getting readyA computer is a machine that performs calculations and processes information with astonishing speed and precision. A computer can handle vast amounts of information and solve complicated problems. It can take thousands of individual pieces of data and turn them

into more usable information with blinding speed and almost unfailing accuracy.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. process: put (information, numbers, etc.) into a computer for examination2. program: supply (a computer) with a list of instructions that must be given to a computer in order to make it perform an operation3. laptop: a computer small enough to be held on one’s knees for use4. electronic mail (e-mail): an electronic system which joins a group of computers, allowing people to send messages to each other on their computers5. keyboard: several rows of keys on a computer6. internet: an international network of computer databases7. world wide web (www): a popular system that makes it easier for people to find and use information on the internet8. browser: a computer program that lets you find and use information on the internet9. silicon ship: a very small piece of silicon containing a set of electronic parts and their connections, which is used in computers10. integrated circuit: a very small set of electrical connections printed on a single piece of semiconductor material, such as a chipB You are going to hear a short passage about the different sizes of computers. Write down every word as a dictation. It will be read three times. First reading, read from beginning to end. Second reading, read with pauses. Third reading, read without pauses again.(you may find the following words hard to spell: mainframe computer , microprocessor.)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C You are going to hear the first part of a conversation between a school headmaster and the chairman of the board of directors of the school. They are arguing about the plan for buying a computer for the school. Write down all the pros and cons.ProsCan be used for storing school ___________, list of ________ and details of ____________Can save the ___________ a lot of __________Children can work out their own ___________ which will stimulate their _________ in _______________and help them to ____________ the subject better_________ studies are getting very popular in the _________ schools and _________ConsRather pricey (expensive)Would be ______ to spend the money on more ______, _____ equipment and _________Just like __________ machinesWaste children’s ________ on _________Children won’t _______ anything from it Part II Airlines are wiring up for travelers“Laptop” is a newly coined word for portable computer. A other word for “laptop” is “notebook”. Though laptops are comparatively small in size, they are almost as functional as

big ones. You can check your e-mail, and reply to those that require a response. You can send a message of your own to a friend in another city. You might also read a few articles in some of the worldwide discussion groups.A You are going to hear a report on the use of laptop computers in planes. Fist listen to the topic sentences. Fill in the blanks while listening.1. ten years ago, it was unusual to see people in a ________ working on ________. Now they are _____.2. it all___ when they began to have a consistent policy about the use of _____ during flight.3. then came the _ phone.4. finally airlines are starting to offer_ power sources for______.5. ___ and_____ -flight facilities at airports have been trying to _______.6. new aircraft will all have a modem point and _____ at every seat. And phones will get_____ satellite links.B Now listen to the whole report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, decide whether the statements are true or false. Put “T” or “F” in the brackets.Statements( ) 1. now it is very common to see people in a plane working on laptop computers.( ) 2. today many passengers work on laptops in a plane, but only very few will make phone calls, send faxes, check e-mail or surf the world wide web.( ) 3. as soon as you board a plane, you may begin use of your laptop.( ) 4. laptop computers first appeared in scare stories.( ) 5. passengers are not allowed to use their laptops during take-off.( ) 6. the on-board phone not only allows passengers to make urgent last-minute calls to the office but also allows full data communications to fax machines, corporate computer networks and the internet.( ) 7. with in-seat power sources for notebooks, battery life is no longer the biggest challenge for notebook users.( ) 8. though people can work on laptop computers in a plane, they are forbidden to use them at airports.( ) 9. Using the modem point, people in a plane will be able to write e-mail and send data.( ) 10. it is expected to cost about 700 050 000 to fit the modem likes, telephone handsets and modify seats in one aircraft.C Now listens to the report again, and corrects all the false statements in activity B.Part III Techno-chatThe Internet is the name for a group of worldwide information resources. These resources are so vast as to be well beyond the comprehension of a single human being, not only is there no one who understands all of the internet, there is no one who even understands most of the internet. Using the Internet means sitting at your computer screen and accessing information. But do you know Internet can sometimes act as a matchmaker?A You are going to hear tom and Jason talking about Internet and techno-chat. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions in no more then five words or numbers.Questions

1. where do the beauty and utility of internet lie?_________________________________2. what are the two main functions of the internet according to the conversation?_________________________________3. what is internet compared to in the conversation?________________________________4. how did one of the speakers meet his girl friend?_______________________________5. what’s the name of the bulletin board?_______________________________6. how long has it been around?______________________________

7. How much computer time will one dollar buy?_________________________8. Who are you going to talk to on a computer network?_____________________________________9. Is it possible for you to have a private conversation on a computer network?________________________________10. What’s the main advantage of talking through a computer?________________________11. What are the rush hours for techno-chat program?_____________________12. What does tom mean by saying “look in the mirror, man.”?_____________________B Now listens to the conversation again. Complete the following summary about Internet and techno-chat programs by writing in the missing words with the help of the above notes and answers.The Internet is a computer______. It is the _____ and most _____ achievement in eh history of _____. Its ____ and______ laid in the _____ the internet_____ millions of people all over the world to ______ and to _____. You communicate by either ____ and ____ electronic mail, or by ______ a connection to someone else’s computer and _______ messages _____ and _____ you share by ______ in discussion groups and by _____ the chat programs on the internet allow you to talk to people whom you ____ wouldn’t talk to , and let you talk about _____ with ____, without prejudice.Part IV More about the topic: computer Technology and individual privacyComputers handle many tasks in business, education, manufacturing, transportation, and other fields. They provide scientists and other researchers with a clearer understanding of nature. They give people who work with words an effective way to create documents. They enable designers and artists to see things theta have veer been seen before. But sometimes computers are offensive enough to interfere with people’s private life.The following short passage is about how individual privacy is affected by modern computer technology. Supply the missing words while listening.Most people agree that modern computer_____ is a very successful way to ______

information. Information that used to take____ or _____ to find can now be found in a few____ or at most a few____ using a computer. Yet computer experts say that this technology has developed so___ that present____ do not___ some basic______.Now there is_____ about the ____ that computers are being used to gather ___ information about_____. The following story wills help____ the person is not_____, but the story shows what kind of ___ can be gathered. Our story is about a young man named john. John works for a large_____.John likes his____. He enjoys his______. He likes the other___ in his office and he thinks he receives fair___. John just found out that his company has gathered information apt him. He ____ that company officials have all his _____ records. For the past _____years. They also know all the _____ john has ever lived. They know what _____ he has made . they even know he was____ when he was only ___ years old. The arrest was a _____ and the _____ against him were dismissed. But the _____ of his arrest still______.John also discovered the company has gathered information about his___ and ____. It has his____ record, his____ records and ____ records, it also __ it has his____ record, his ____ records and ____ records, it also has a list of all the _____ calls john has made for the ____ year. In fact, john discovered that the company has____ information about him than john has about himself. John was____.John ____ to his supervisor. The supervisor____ how john___. But he said that gathering such information is ____ and there was really ____ john could do.That story is not really true. However it ____ to people like john every day, many large companies now gather information about their ___. Many companies now____ all telephone calls made by their workers. Company ____ want to know if the worker is ___ the telephone only for _____ business. They also record what __ or _____ the worker has in his or her ____. If the worker ___ and ____ electronic-mail, the company may want ___. The companies say they want to know if a worker is using ____ computer equipment for ____ than company business. Companies say they are not____on their workers, they say they are ___ their workers are____ the ___ is:” does the company have the ____ to seek this kind of information?”Some experts say____ is the best protection of ___ they say people must learn what kind of information can be gathered____. And they must develop ways to best___ themselves against the illegal___ of their privacy.Part V Memory test: who invented the First Computer?Computers are tremendously important in a variety of ways. They simplify many difficult or time-consuming tasks to an extraordinary degree. They provide businesses, governments, individuals, and institutions with an efficient way to manage large amounts of information. Nevertheless, very few people know who invented the first computer and when it was invented.A You are going to hear a short passage about the history of computers. First get familiar with the following names.Alan Turning Blaine PascalCharles Babb age Got fried von LentzNow listen to the passage. While you listen, don’t forget to add more key words in the notes column. After listening, write down briefly what happened in each year listed below with the

help of the notes.2000 years ago: ________1642: _________1671: _________1834: _________1936: _________1946: _________1960s: ________C You are going to hear a monologue about computer systems. Listen carefully and complete the following chart.Part VI Reminder of key points in this unitPart IVerb & verb phrase: perform/ process/ spare/ hunt in/ work out/ stimulateNoun & noun phrase: mainframe/ microprocessor/ chip/ space invader/ electronic game/ catalogue/ filing cabinetOther: pricey/ reasonable/ in minutes/ reassuringPart IIVerb & verb phrase: check/ surf/ creak open/ fly over/ keep pace/ spring up/ modify Noun & noun phrase: laptop computer/notebook/ fax/ e-mail/ world wide web(WWW)/keyboard/ suspicion/ electro-magnetic radiation/ data/ intent / power source/ terminal/ web browser/ modem/ satellite linkOther: odd/ gradual/ consistent/ initially/ scare/ modest/ urgent/ on-board/ in-seat/ built-in/ in the region ofPart IIIVerb & verb phrase: share/ establish/ tag along/ participate/ guarantee Noun & noun phrase: achievement/ mankind/ industrial revolution/ utility/ techno-chat program/ match-maker/ chat session/ cappuccino sipper/ inhibition/ prejudiceOther: absolutely/ significant/ impressive/ wondrous/ available for free/ fantastic / privatePart IVVerb & verb phrase: gather/ protect/ dismiss/protest/ spy on Noun & noun phrase: concern/ extent/ individual/investment/ charge/ financial record/ tax record/ supervisor Other: shoicked/(il) legal/ costlyPart VVerb & verb phrase: compute/add/multiply/ divide/ program/ break code/ input/ outputNoun & noun phrase: abacus/ infants’ school/ valve computer/ integrated circuit/ silicon chip/ RAM/ROM/monitor/ disc drive/ scanner/ joy stick/ component/ light pen/Central Processing/Unit (CPU)Other: mathematical/ external/ internal/ arithmetic/ logic/ principal/ floppy 7 earning and spending money wiselyPart I Getting readyWith the improvement of people’s living standards, the consumption of goods has been increasing year by year. In order to meet people’s need in this aspect, more and more department stores, shopping centers, supermarkets and grocery stores appear. At these

places, bargain prices are offered for different goods at different time. Therefore, of one has a very clear idea of them; he/she is bound to save a lot of money.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. bargain: something offered, bought, or sold at a price favorable to the buyer 2. mail order: an order for goods to be sent by mail3. postage: the amount charged for mailing a letter or package4. delivery: taking (letters, parcels, goods, etc.) to houses, to the buyer(s)5. credit card: card issued by a bank, allowing the holder to draw money from its branches and to charge bills at certain restaurants, airlines, hotels, airlines, hotels, gas stations, etc.6. expense: money used or needed for something, financial cost, fee7. fair: a gathering of people held regularly for the sale of goods8. profit: money gained in business, etc.9. in stock: on hand, available for sale or use10. refund: repay, give back or pay back (money, etc.)B You are going to hear some announcements made in a big department store. After that some questions will be asked. Please write down the answers in no more than five words.1. ____________.2. ________3. __________ and teacups.4. ____________________5. _______________________6. ________________________7. __________________8. ____________________Part II Mail orderHave you ever read any magazines or advertisements where there are pictures as well as brief introductions of fashionable dresses or attractive book covers? This is a new type of sales service mail order. If you are interested in any one of these items, you can either telephone or write to the company telling them in detail what you would like to buy and then the goods will be delivered or posted to you pretty soon. Isn’t that very convenient?In this section you are going to hear a woman telephoning a mail order company. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, fill in the priority order form with the help of the notes.Priority Order FormPart III A claim for expensesAs an employee in a company, sometimes you may have to go away on official business. In theist case, the company will usually pay for your meals, transportation fares and accommodation fees. However, this does not mean you can spend money in whatever way y9u like. The accountant will examine your claim for expenses very carefully, trying to make sure that you have spent all the money properly.A You are going to hear a conversation between a young employee and a senior cashier of the firm he works for. While listening for the first time, focus on the numbers and add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions briefly.

Questions1. when was the one-day course held?___________2. at what time did the one-day course begin?___________3. at what time was the one-day course supposed to end?________4. how much was the train fare from London to Westhampton?________5. how much did David pay altogether when he stayed at the hotel called the “Crown”?______6. when did David stay at the Park Hotel?________7. how much did David pay for bed and breakfast at the park Hotel?________8. how much did David pay for the dinner he dad at the park hotel?__________9. what were the total expenses?_______9. how much did the lunch at the school cost?________B Now listen to the conversation again and decide whether the statements after the conversation are True or False. Put “T” or “F” in the brackets.1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )Part IV More about the topic: Junior AchievementJunior achievement is an old organization in the United States offering all kinds of programs to teach young people how to do business. In the early 1990s demand for the programs increased in many countries. Today, junior achievement international operates programs in more than 100 countries. More than 800 000 students outside the U.S are taking part. Now let’s have a look at what it is doing inside the U.S!The following passage is about an American organization offering business education to the young generation. Supply the missing words while listening.Woman: An organization in the United States has been teaching young people about the American business system for almost______ years. Now we operate in more than______ other countries.Woman: junior Achievement is the word’s oldest, _______ and fastest growing economic educational organization, it began in_______ in Springfield, Massachusetts. The group’s first program was for high school students after school ______. Its goal was to show young people how businesses are organized and_____. The students learned by_____ their own companies. Local business people advised them.Man: First, the students_____ a product. Then they sold chairs in their ______. They used this money to buy the materials needed to make the product. They produced the product and sold it. Finally they returned the ____ to the people who ______ shares in the company. The

junior achievement “company program” was very successful. It continues to teach young people about American _____ by helping them operate their own companies.Woman: in ______, junior achievement began teaching students in their classrooms about business. Today, there are programs for students of all ages from _____ to ______. More than______ American students are involved in junior achievement. They are taught by more than ________ business advisors who are not paid.Man: junior achievement has programs for young school children ages ____ through ____. Volunteer business are organized. They teach how products are made and ______. They also teach about the American economy, the system of money, _____ and trade. And they teach students how the economy affects their families and their _____. Woman: junior achievement has programs for middle school student’s ages___ to ____. A volunteer business expert teaches the students once a week. One program is called “project Business”. It is about economic theories. Students learn about____ and ___. They learn about corporations. And they learn about world_____.Woman: another junior achievement program for ____ to ____ -year-old students is called “the economics of ______ in school”. It is for students who may be thinking about____ before completing high school. These students learn the importance of continuing their education. First they play a much education is needed for each _____. And it shows how much money each job_____. The students learn that workers with more education get better jobs and ____ more money. Then the students learn how much money they need to ____ the things they want. They realize that they probably will not earn enough money if they do not ____________ high school.Part V Memory test: Radio advertisementsIn our highly commercialized society today, no business can be successful without advertising, one way or another. With advertisements, more people get to know about the product; with advertisements, more people get to know how good the product is; and with advertisements, people achieve confidence in the product.You are going lot hears some radio advertisements for a variety of commodities (preferable only one time). After that some questions will be asked. Find the right answers as quickly as possible according to the notes you have taken while listening.1. a. 59.9 pounds. B. 6.99 poundsc. 5.99 pounds. d. 69.9 pounds.2. a. 24 hours. B. 12 hours.c. 4 hours. d. I hour3. a. medicine b. candy.c. milk d. frozen food.4. a.5300388. b.5033808.c. 5303808. d.5308308.5. a.30 pounds. b.13 pence. c. 30 pence. d.13pounds.6. a. soap powder. B. shampoo.c. beauty soap. d. cleanser.Part VI Reminder of key points in this unit

Verb & verb phrase noun & noun phrase other

Part I scratch bargain non-stickScrape frying-pan hand-held Basement once-in-a-lifetime Hairdryer Switch Dressing-gown Treat Suites

Part II mail order medium Catalogue in case Priority Initial Tracksuit do-it-yourself tool kit postage delivery grand total credit card fortnightPart III go over to cashier junior

Stay on clerk worthwhileBreak down claim awfulTow away expenses reasonableBe booked up fare astronomical Lift Trade fair

Part IV be involved in goal Affect profit Advisor Volunteer Project Supply and demand Corporation

Part V develop a film video latestComputerize title in stockFecund obligation competitivePop photo processor genuineTune catch professionalRenovate craftsman on the premisesBreak away synthesizer Newsagent Cuff

Stain Gravy

8 choice versus chancePart I Getting readyAnyone who works regularly has a vocation. making a choicer, however, offers the opportunity to have a vocation that is satisfying and rewarding. The alternative is a job that is a matter of chance, depending only on what can be found easily. Leaving the choice to chance generally proves unsatisfactory and leads to boredom with work and difficulty in performing the job well.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the

definitions.1. career: the general course of a person’s working life2. made a fortune: earn a great amount of money, possessions, etc.3. torture: severe pain or suffering caused in the mind or body4. shift: a group of workers who take turns with one or more other groups5. aptitude: natural ability or skill, especially in learning 6. team work: the ability of a group of people to work together effectively; (work done

through) combined effort7. client: a person who buys goods or services 8. survey: a general examination or study (of conditions, opinions, etc.), especially

carried out by asking people questions9. cross-section: a part or group that is typical or representative of the whole10. brainstorm: have a sudden clever idea

B A new friend of yours is telling you about his career. Listen carefully. Rearrange the following events in the order of time, and then complete the following flow diagram.

A. Go to universityB. Leave schoolC. Become a teacherD. Go into the army E. Look for a new job F. Work as a clerk in a small officeG. Finish the university course

Part II Summer jobsThe knowledge of the world of work will be very helpful for a student’s future career. Ignorance of the many ways in which people earn a living has been a great deterrent to freedom of occupational choice. To solve this problem, many students find holiday jobs to gain actual word experience as part of their educational preparationA You are going to hear an interview with some students who are doing holiday jobs in Brighton. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Questions1. Where have the following people been wording?

a. Christine: b. Kevin:

c. Kevin’s brother: 2. How much has Christine earned? 3. In which part of the day has Christine been wording mostly? 4. What has Christine done in the hotel? 5. which of these statements about Christine are true and which are false?

( )a. The most enjoyable part of being in Brighton for her has been the job.( )b. She has had free meals and accommodation.( )c. She has made a fortune in Brighton.( )d. She hasn’t spent much money.( )e. She has been working as a waitress some of the time.( )f. She finds Brighton an interesting place.

6. Kevin’s been doing two different kinds of work. What are they? 7. What was Kevin’s main reason for coming to Brighton? 8. What has Kevin’s brother done in Italy? 9. Why is Kevin’s brother particularly lucky? B Now listen to the interview again. Write in the missing words with the help of the above notes. Interviewer: And have you been it? Or has it been rather ? Christine: NO, it hasn’t been , but I’ve got to know and

I’ve made, and I’ve managed to do lots of things in my too. It’s a , so there’s been quite a lot in the evenings—you know, __________, __________, ________, and so on—and on my ____________ I’ve been doing quite a bit of _____________.

Part III Jobs: my idea of hell, my idea of heavenJob satisfaction in employees is extremely difficult to measure. Tasks that bore some people interest others and some people will work hard even though they are dissatisfied with their word (for example, to earn more money). Levels of punctuality, rates of absenteeism, and the rate of labor turnover are perhaps the best indicators to measure job satisfaction.

A You are going to hear three people describing the jobs they would hate to do. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, tick the places that they consider as hells in the right-hand column.

Places that offer job vacancies An abattoir (屠宰场) an AIDS clinic A factory a nuclear power stationA casino (赌场) a universityA chicken batter (层架式鸡笼)B Now listen to the same three people describing the jobs they would really like to have.

While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, write down their ideal jobs in the right-hand column.

Ideal Jobs First speaker: ______________________________________________.Second speaker: ____________________________________________.Third speaker: ______________________________________________.

C Now try this: listen to some more authentic versions of the monologues. Pay close attention to the reasons given by each speaker. Complete the following chart with the help of the above notes.

Reasons given for jobs undesirable reasons given for jobs desirable1st speaker It would be too repetitive. I’m paid a lot of________. It would drive me____. I can ________and see __________.2nd speaker It would be so__________. The New York Meets is the________ It would be too much ________for me. In the world.3rd speaker I could be ______________of doing it I can have an opportunity to_____ it would be like a form of________. I can be______ and work on my___.Part IV More about the topic: occupational outlookThe availability of occupations depends on shifts in the motional economy and increasingly on economic developments worldwide. Three are several ways to measure their affects, including the rate of unemployment, the international balance of trade, and the productivity of workers.The following short passage is about the occupational outlook in America. Supply the missing words while listening.For many people their firework, or______, is a matter of_____ rather than____. Yet there is great variety in the world of work. The task of____ the right work from the thousands of available choices takes_____. Individuals need to know many things about themselves and many things about____. After they have this information in hand, the____ of the work a choice can be made. This procedure requires_____, ____, and_____, but the ____ are great.There are several____ to be considered when choosing a vocation: aptitudes, _______, education and _____, wages and _____, and physical demands. Each is _____ to making a good vocational choice.Based on the occupational outlook handbook, some American occupations are expected to ___ in the future and others are likes to ____ sharply. Changes are related to the unites states____. The occupational areas expected to be in greatest____ will be in response to ____ predicted in American society for the coming years. The following occupations are expected to have the fastest growth: ____and auditors;Actuaries; computer_____, operators and technicians; corrections____ electrical and electronic ___ and technicians; _____ and legal assistants; ______ practitioners and managers; _________ specialists; securities and _________ analysts; _____ programmers; travel___. Occupational areas expected to decline include jobs that require ____ skills, those that do not_____ computers or other technologies, and those that are unable to ___ to changes in society. This does not mean that there will be no jobs in these areas- simply fewer ____ and fewer ____. They include:___ and meat cutters; industrial truck and trailer ____; ___ carriers and postal clerks; statistical____; stenographers; telephone ___ and repairers.Part V Memory test : my line of workYou are going to hear three people describing the work they do. Listen carefully, and decide what each job is. Make notes of the aspects of their jobs the speakers like and dislike.Job likes dislikes1st speaker

2nd speaker3rd speakerPart VI Reminder of key points in this unit

Verb & verb phrase noun & noun phrase other Part I criticize career unemployed Stay in economy increasingly Gather location various Remain at home aspect

CommunityPart II make fortune accommodation boring Plus bowling obviously Peel sunbathing reasonable Hire out suntan fantastic

CourierPart III melt down abattoir day in and day out

Be capable of nuclear power station madComprehend casino revoltingPinpoint AIDS clinic self-explanatoryBeat boredom sameWork on one’s own responsibility independent Chicken battery amongst Night shift Torture Archaeologist Anthropologist Third baseman Photographer Contact

Part IV select requirement available Have sth. In hand reward vocational Match factor present Consider aptitude potential Expect decline accountant essential Relate auditor sharply Be in response to actuary electrical Predict programmer electronic Rely on technician legal Respond to medical practitioner financial Specialist industrial Security postal Analyst statistical Stenographer InstallerPart V stick behind client beforehand

Deal with viewing impersonalHandle readership figure variedBuild up survey creativeAdmit cross-section in hell of Persuade brainstorming session expensiveCount teamwork tremendouslyDry up campaign tediousGet the sack drawbackBother front man/womanMove on characterOverload grapevine Battle-ax

9 Review (I)Activity I Children’s jokesYou are going to hear three jokes. Answer the following questions.1. how did the lad explain why he was on crutches?__________________________________2. can y9ou imagine what happened in the end?__________________________________3. what does the cab driver mean by the last sentence?__________________________________4. which joke do you like best? Why?____________________________________Activity 2 hope you don’t mind my askingYou are going to hear part of a radio program in which three different people are asked some personal questions. Listen carefully; make notes in the following chart to help you to remember what each speaker says. Make your notes as brief as possible.First speaker second speaker Third speakerWhat do enjoy most in life?What is your greatest ambition?What has been your greatest achievement?Which person do you admire most?Who do you get on with best of all?What was the nicest thing that happened to you yesterday?Activity 3 who’ll get the job?A You are going to hear Mrs. Grey, the personnel Manager, and Mr. Toms interviewing Jane Langley. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.1. what does “conscientious” mean according to Jane Langley?______________________________________________

2. why did she leave her last job?____________________________________________B You are going to hear Mrs. Grey, the personnel manager, and Mr. Toms interviewing Michael james. Listen carefully and answer the following questions:1. why do you think Mr. Toms interrupt Mrs. Grey?__________________________2. how often does Michael play football and golf?__________________________C Now listen to the personnel Manager and Mr. Toms discussing jane and Michael after they have interviewed them. Then answer the following questions.1. who are they going to give the job to ? why?__________________________2. do you agree with their choice ? why?__________________________Activity 4 Market surveyYou are going to hear about a market survey that took place in a supermarket on ways of killing time. Listen carefully. Make notes in the following chart to help you to remember what each speaker says. Make your notes as brief as possible.Question how do you kill the time in a supermarket queue?StanJudyAliceActivity 5 Men and womenA You are going to hear someone talking about things she thinks women usually do better and things she thinks men do better. Listen carefully and make two lists.Things women Do Better Things Men Do BetterB Listen to the conversation again. Complete the following chart.Differences Between Men and Women Women menDoing boring domestic thingsAttitude towards the universeEarly ageConversation10 smoking killsPart I Getting readyIt is a fact that cannot be denied: smoking kills. Cigarette smoke contains many chemicals which are harmful to your body. It can give you lung cancer, heart attack, and it can make you cough and become breathless. That’s why smoking should be prohibited in all public places.

A the following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. Vulnerable: weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally 2. inhale: breathe in 3. clot: a sticky lump that forms when blood dries up and becomes thicker4. artery: any of a branching system of the muscular tubes that carry blood away from the heart5. exposure: a situation in which you are affected or influenced6. block: stop, hinder7. zone: an area that has particular features or characteristics8. at the expense of; giving up something for the sake of something else9.ce: compel observance of 10. addict: devote or give (oneself habitually or compulsivelysmokers are not the only ones to run the risk of smoking-related diseases. Passive smokers also suffer increased risk of poor health. Do y9u know what passive smokers are and what they can do to protect themselves?B You are going to hear a short passage about non-smokers. Write down every word as a dictation. Ti will be read three times. First reading, read from beginning to end. Second reading, read with pauses. Third reading, read without pauses again.____________________________________________________________________________________________There is a close relation between smoking and heart diseases. Then how much do you know about your heart? Do you know what a heart attack is?C You are going to hear a dialogue. Supply the missing words.A: I once heard people talk about coronary heart disease. What is coronary? Could you tell me ____ about it?B：Well, our ______ is a muscular organ. It’s just like a pump. It pumps blood to every part of our _____. There are two small arteries that bring ______ carrying food and oxygen to the _____ muscles. They are called the coronary arteries because they look like a “corona” or crown ______ the heart. If a branch of the coronary arteries is _____blocked, part of the heart muscles gets too ____food and oxygen. There will be ______ heart pain.A: Is it a heart attack? B: Not exactly. If a branch of the coronary arteries is ______ blocked, part of the heart muscles ___________ getting food and oxygen. Then there will be ____ heart pain or a heart attack. A: So in either case, the person is said to have coronary heart ______. Is it right? B: Yes.A: But what blocks the arteries?B: Arteries are usually blocked by _____ fat-like substance called cholesterol. When we eat too much ______ or when we are overweight, cholesterol is deposited on the inner ______ of our arteries. This build-up of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries is called

arteriosclerosis. A: I think no one wants this to happen to _____. B: So let us reduce our risk of getting a heart _______ in adulthood by starting now to live a healthy life _______— eat wisely, exercise regularly, learn to relax and never, never smoke. A: Why never smoke?B: To make it simple, _________ smoke makes the heart pump faster and allows less oxygen to reach the heart muscles. Part II The ASH man As early as the 19th century, isolated reports were circulated that cigar and pipe smoking caused cancer of mouth. Nowadays, more and more people have realized the harmful effects of tobacco smoking. As an individual, what can you do to combat smoking?A You are going to hear an interview. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the questions.Questions 1. Why do you _________ people smoking?2. If I smoke, it doesn’t _________ other people’s health, does it?3. And the most vulnerable passive smokers are ___________?4. Suppose you were at a ________, and people started smoking. Would you take a

________ on it?5. Do you think that people will _____ smoking altogether in your _________?B Now try this : listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Complete the answers by the ASH man.1. The smokers are breathing out _______ different chemicals into the air which I didn’t

actually choose to breathe in.2. Smoking is by far the largest preventable cause of ________, premature death, and

indeed _______.3. If people smoke _____________ a day from their late teens for the rest of their life,

__________ of them will go to an early grave. 4. Scientists are now in no doubt at all that regular _________ to other people’s cigarette

smoke is a _____________ to non-smokers.5. Those children actually inhale the equivalent of about _______cigarettes a year in

cigarette fumes, cigarette particles and so forth. 6. If I’m very ________ by it, I just make my _________ and leave. 7. Smoking will be something that people may keep to do in the ________ and privacy of

their own __________.8. I do want people to have the real ________ to learn information without counter

propaganda by the tobacco industry.Part III Heart attack A heart attack causes people a lot of pain. People often die of a heart attack. Therefore, a heart attack should be treated as an emergency.A You are going to hear the first part of a talk. While listening the first time, focus on the cause of a heart attack. While listening for the second time, pay more attention to the symptoms. Take down key words in the notes column. After listening, complete the following chart in note form. The number in brackets indicates the number of words you can use.

Heart attacks:Cause: blood clot _______(1)- coronary arteries; _______(2)- heart muscle- ______(1)Symptoms: main: _________(2)Others: occur suddenly; develop gradually; feel sick, _____(1), out of breath how long: ______(2); a few minutesHow strong; slight_____(1); _______(2)B Now listen to the second part of the talk which gives advice about what to do if someone suffers from a heart attack. The following phrases describe what you should do and should not do when dealing with a heart attack, put these phrases into the correct column. Pay attention to the order.Leave the patient alone.Call an ambulance immediatelyTravel to the doctor yourselfPut pillows or cushions behind the patient’s head and neck, bend the kneesLift the patient into a half-sitting positionTry mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration (if necessary).Give something to eat or drink.Press down on the patient’s chest to force blood around the bodyStay with the patient.Loosen any tight clothing around the neck, chest and waistKeep the patient warm and as calm as possiblePart IV More about the topic: tobacco smoking and arteriosclerosisNicotine is known to contract the blood vessels and to release hormones that raise the blood pressure. Both effects could have an adverse influence on the heart. Smokers have distinctly higher leg ells of carbon monoxide in their blood than nonsmokers. It has been shown that even minute amounts of carbon monoxide decrease the exercise ability of patients with known coronary artery disease.The following science report is about the relationship between tobacco smoking and arteriosclerosis. Supply the missing words while listening.A new study shows that people who____ large amounts of tobacco are speeding up normal damage to their arteries. It ____ that the longer and more people smoke, be permanent. The artery damage appears to____ at a faster rate even after people stop smoking. The study also shows that the harmful effect of other people’s smoke called “environmental tobacco smoke” ____ much greater than thought. It appears to _____ the arteries of people who never smoke.The artery damage is____ arteriosclerosis. Arteries are muscular tools. They ___ blood away from the heart. The arteries harden naturally as people get older when arteries harden, their walls_____ to a sharply increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. The condition____ to a sharply increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. The American medical association____ arteriosclerosis is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other condition.Doctors in Winston-Salem, North Carolina did the study. They____ thud effects of smoking on the progress of arteriosclerosis.More than____ adults took part in the study. They were from____ years old. It was one of the largest studies ever___ on the earth effects of smoking tobacco. The journal of the American medical association____ the results. The adults in the study were in ____ groups:

current smokers, former smokers, non-smokers often_____ by environmental tobacco smoke, or non-smokers____ affected by tobacco smoke. At the beginning of the study the researchers____ the ____ years later to discover the progress of arteriosclerosis. The researchers frond that arteriosclerosis got worse____ faster in current cigarette smokers compared with smoked but___. The artery walls thickened___ faster in people who had often____ environmental tobacco smoke than in those who had not. The researchers also found that the effects of smoking____ greater among people with diabetes and high blood pressure.Researchers say that the effect of smoking on the progression of atheosclerosis probably is____ to how much and how long people smoke. They believe that stopping smoking would___ further damage to the arteries. Medical experts____ that the importance of environmental to bacon smoke as a risk for heart disease has not been____. Information about it was rarely collected. They say environmental tobacco smoke may be a reason why there is a history in some families of people___ heart disease while they are young. Critics of smoking say new measures are___ to help the public avoid tobacco smoke. The American heart association says the new study___ powerful support for a ban on smoking in all public places.Part N Memory test: combating smokingOne way to discourage smoking was to increase taxation. In some countries, especially in Europe, the tax on a pack of cigarettes increased dramatically in the late 20th century.A You are going to hear a short piece of news. Listen carefully and choose the correct answers as quickly as possible.1. What is Dr John Carport’s call? a. Canceling travelers’ tax-free cigarette allowances.b. Increasing travelers’ cigarette price.c. Reducing the amount of travelers’ tax-free cigarette allowances.2. Dr John Carport’s call was made on____.a. Britain’s ninth national dayb. Great national no smoking dayc. Britain’s ninth national no smoking day3. ____ people now do not smoke in this country.a. three out of four b. Two out of five c. Two out of three4. ____of smokers actually try to give up smoking on at least one occasiona. 60% b. 70% c. 75%5. _____of all smokers are really determined to quit smoking.

a. Two thirds b. half c. three fourths6. the purpose of Dr John Carport’s call is to____.

a. Combat smoking b. put the price up c. cancel travelers’ rightsAlthough more and more people have realized the ill effects of smoking, there is a trend that the number of teenagers who smoke is increasing. This is a problem that we can’t afford to neglect.B Now listen to a piece of news about the situation of smoking byu teenagers in the U.S pay attention to all the numbers. Match column A with column B.Column A column B

1. before age 18 - dying from cancer or other diseases linked to smoking2. 30% of high school seniors – annual surveys began3. in 1976 - annual surveys began4. 420 000 Americans - not believing there is a great risk with smoking5. 3 million adolescence - most adults who smoke began the habit6. I million adolescence - using chewing tobacco/smokeless tobacco products7. Half of eighth graders - smoking cigarettes now in the U.SPart VI Reminder of key points in this unit

Verb & verb phrase noun & noun phrase otherPart I breathe in no smoking zone at the expense of

Enforce steward mildBlock coronary artery severeDeposit crown wiselyPump oxygen regularlyReduce the risk of cholesterolRelax inner wall Arteriosclerosis

Part II object to passive smoking in close confinesMeet/go to an early fume in no doubtGrave chemical additionalInhale circle altogetherTake a hard line on counter propaganda by and largePlay the rules glossy package believe it or notMake one’s excusesMix

Part III loosen heart attack burstingPress down blood clot out of breath Take sb. Straight to emergency dizzyRecover artificial respiration

Part IV speed up environmental tobacco permanentHarden smoke rarely Stroke Diabetes High blood pressure Progression Public place

Part V scrap news conference with regard to Coincide with annual survey eventually Combat high school senior Impose the ban on adolescence Kick the habit chewing tobacco Addict smokeless tobacco products Persist respiratory ailments Retarded lung function

AlcoholMarijuana

11 eating the right thingsPart I Getting readyOne of the reasons why we eat food is to get energy. When the amount of food we eat balances the amount of energy our body needs, there is no surplus to be changed into body fat. This is the ideal situation.A the following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. excessive: too extreme2. deficiency: not having as much as needed3. efficacy: capacity to produce a desired effect4. caffeine: a chemical substance found in coffee, tea, and cocoa, which makes your brain and body moiré active5. decaf: coffee that has had most of the caffeine removed from it6. obesity: the condition of being extremely fat7. kebab: food that consists of small pieces of meat and sometimes vegetables that have been put on a thin metal rod and grilled8. Polystyrene: a very light, plastic substance used especially to make containers or as an insulating material9. Organic food: food free from chemical injections or additives10. Yogurt: a slightly sour, thick liquid which is made from milk that has had bacteria added to itTo grow and maintain healthy we must eat the right kinds of food and the right amounts as well. A balanced diet is one that has the right amount of all the food need by the body. It has some food for growth, some food for energy, some food for protection against disease and some water. So what kinds of food should we eat every day?B Before listening to this extract from a lecture listens to some words. Make sure you know their pronunciation and the meaning. After listening to the lecture, make proper ticks to show what nutrients each food contains.Carrot: 胡萝卜 carbohydrate: 碳水化合物Liver: 肝脏 protein: 蛋白质Date: 枣 vitamin: 维他命Rose-hip: 玫瑰果，蔷薇果 mineral: 矿物质Molasses: 糖蜜，糖浆 calcium: 钙Lentil: 小扁豆 iron: 铁Citrus fruit: 柑桔类水果 iodine: 碘About one-third of the people in the world drink coffee. It comes from the fruits of a small tree grown mainly in parts of south America and Africa, especially in brazil and Kenya. The fruits usually contain two seeds, which we call coffee beans. They hate to be roasted and ground to powder before they can be made into a drink. Do you like coffee? Is it good for your health?C You are going to hear a dialogue, supply the missing words

A: How about a cup of______?B: No, thanks. I don’t drink coffee.A: Why not?B: I am trying to cut down on my____ consumption.A: Caffeine consumption? I can’t do a thing unit I’ve had my____ cup of coffee.B: Caffeine is just the beginning. I used to drink coffee until I read that it contains____ chemicals, including tannins, caramelized_____ and carbon dioxide.A: No way. You’re pulling my legB: I’m dead serious.A: I think I’m going to switch to_____B: Even decaf contains a small amount of caffeine. A recent____ in USA Today has linked heavy coffee drinking with____ trouble. It said that persons who drink more than____ cups a day have an increased risk of heart attack and_____.A: But I thought Americans love their coffee and cappuccino.B: We do. The USA drinks more coffee than any other country and_____ love their caffeine. But most____ doesn’t realize how addictive and dangerous it can be. Caffeine is rapidly absorbed in the ____, appearing in all tissues and organs within about___ minutes. By the way, how many cups do you drink a day?A: Okay, okay. I’m swearing off coffee. So how about a ____?B: Are you kidding? Coke has____ as much caffeine as coffee. Moreover, it ’s not just the caffeine, but the amount of sugar that’s in soft____. All that sugar and caffeine can’t be good for you.A: You’re turning into a real____ fanatic, you know.B: I just want to take care of____. Maybe you should start being more health conscious.A: Then how about a ____ in the park?B: I thought you’d never ask.Part II Health foodNowadays, many new products are in the “health” category, and the main focus is on reduced fat and calorie content and increased dietary fiber. Do you think it is necessary to consider these factors when buying food?A The following words are used in a mini-talk, listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.1. sweetener: an artificial substance used in drinks instead of sugar2. additive: a substance added to foods or other substances in order to improver them3. fertilizer: a substance spread on the ground in order to make plants grow more successfully4. insecticide: a chemical that is used to kill insects5.hormone: a chemical that is produced in your body6. allegation: a statement7. toxic: poisonous8. antioxidant: a chemical compound or substance that inhibits oxidation9. anti-fungal: capable of reducing or destroying a kind of plant which has no leaves or green coloring like mushrooms and mold10. moldy: covered with a soft gray, green,. Or blue substance that sometimes forms on old

food or on damp walls or clothesB Now listen to the mini-talk. While listening for the first time, take down key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the following chart.Terms usage of the term examplesHealth food general term/___ of healthful foods whole grain/___ / corn oil____ classification. Between types of _____ organic food narrowest classification/ most ________fruit/ vegetable- treated with _____/ no insecticides/ not____/ fish/ dairy/ poultry- animals fed organically grown feed/ no ____C Now listen to the mini-talk again. Answer the following questions with the help of the above notes.1. According to health food advocates, is bread an organic food? Why or why not?______________________________________________2. What happens to food when it is processed?______________________________________________3. When buying food, on what do people usually base their choice? And what should be considered first?______________________________________________Part III Fast food surveyFast food has come into our life rapidly. Because of its speed and convenience, people like it everywhere. In almost every big city, you won’t miss hamburgers, fried chips and so forth.A You are going to hear a market survey on fast food. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete all the questions.Questions1. do you ever_________?2. what ______ fast food do you eat?3. __________ fo you eat fast food? Every day? More than once a ______? Less than once a week?4. what time of _____ do you snack between meals?6. what do you _ fast food?

A. it’s_____.B. It_______ good.C. It’s good for you.D. It’s an______ way of eatingE. It creates litter.

B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the dialogue. Complete the survey.1. do you ever cat fast food/2. what kind of fast food do you eat?3. how often do you eat fast food?Every day? More than once a week? Less than once a week?4. what time of day do you eat fast food?

5. do you only eat it as a main meal or do you snack between meals?6. what do you think of fast food? Definitely true True falseA. It’s convenientB. It tastes goodC. It’s good for youD. It’s an expensive way of eatingE. It creates litter.Part IV More about the topic: organic foodsWhen you are buying food, what do you consider first: the nutrients the color or the price? Do you believe in organic foods for which you may pay more?The following report is about organic foods. Supply the missing words while listening.Americans buy___ million dollars worth of food in a year. About____ them better and safer than non-organic foods. Organic foods are produced as naturally as possible. Man-made___ are not used on the crops. Since organic foods often as possible. Man-made_____ are not used on the crops. Since organic foods often require more farm_____, they usually cost more. Yet the organic trade association says organic food_____ in the united states have increased. This group says sales of organic foods have been increasing between______ and _______ each year. Organic crops are being grown on small____ operated by families. Some big companies are using part of their_____ for organic farming. And many private farm cooperatives are joining in organic______. Successful farming magazine says producers believe the ______ in increasing for organic foods.Organic goods used to be limited mostly to small____, selling only natural foods. But now they can be found in some large food stores too. Expert’s say____ is generally keeping up with demand. Business seems to be especially good these days for____ of organic dairy products. Americans are demanding more_____, cheese, ____ and yogurt that do not contain chemicals. Organic _____ also are more common, farmers are raising more cows and_____ with o9rgnically-grown feed and without anti-biotic ____ or chemicals that increase growth, yet growing crops with out chemical____ or insect poisons can be difficult. ____ often are limited at first. Farms must meet requirements before their crops can be declared organic by a private___. Chemicals must not have been used on the farm for____ years. And the same crops can not be grown in the same ___ year after year.Since the organic farming industry is still small, there are also ______ problems. Farmers often must drive their___ farther to be processed or sold than crops normally have to travel. But industry experts say they expect_____ as more big food companies recognize the growing___ for organic foods.Part V Memory test: the British dietIn different countries of the world and among different peoples, there is a wide range of foods which can be combined in order to provide a balanced diet. The type of diet a person adopts depends on what foods are available, how much they cost and on religious and cultural beliefs. Do you know what average British people eat? Do they eat a balanced diet?The following dialogue is about the British die, listen carefully and complete the fowl-diagram which. Which, when completed, will tell you why the British diet is not good.The British dietHigh in _________

Low in_________Having a link to___________ and so onInappropriate for long-term healthPart Vi reminder of key points in this unitPart I Verb & verb phrase: convert / put forward / allege / cut down on/ pull one’s leg/ switch to/ absorb/ swear offNoun & noun phrase: carbohydrate/ protein/ mineral/ tissue building/ tissue building/ deficiency/ cholesterol/ fatty deposit/ substitute/ carrot/ rose-hip/ liver/ citrus fruit/ efficacy/ calcium/ iron/ iodine/anemia/ caffeine consumption/ decaf/ cappuccino/ soft drinkOther: starchy/ excessive/ addictive/ health-consciousPart IIVerb & verb phrase: sprayNoun & noun phrase: whole grain/ corn oil/ raw honey/ sweetener/ refined sugar/ canned fruit/ additive/ fertilizer/ insecticide/ poultry/ organically-grown feed/ hormone/ (un) processed food/ allegation/ antioxidant/ alternative Other: widely/ poisonous/ toxic/ anti-fungal/ moldy/ preservingPart IIIVerb & verb phrase: send out forNoun & noun phrase: burger/ pizza / kebab/ litter/ plastic/ polystyreneOther: convenientPart IVVerb & verb phrase: operate/ keep up with/ declareNoun & noun phrase: organic food/ farm labor/ private farm cooperatives/ yogurtOther: Part VVerb & verb phrase: highlight/ neglectNoun & noun phrase: obesity/ intake/ decadeOther: inappropriate/ remarkably

12 Are you fit and healthy?Part I Getting readyHealth is freedom from disease. However, to be just healthy is not enough. If you are overweight, you’re more likely to develop some diseases than people with normal weight. When you’re worried too much, it’s more likely for you to suffer from headaches and difficulty in sleeping. Therefore, you should also try to keep fit so that you are able to meet the physical needs around you.A the following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. junk food: food that is not very good for your health but is easy and quick to prepare2. obese: extremely fat3. waist: the marrow part of your body above your hips4. quit: stop5. sneeze: take in the breath and then blow it down the nose noisily

6. resistance: the power to remain unharmed or unaffected7. workout: a period of physical exercise or training8. vigorous: energetic; lively9. toss: move repeatedly from side to side10. pulse: the regular beating of blood through the body, which can be felt in particular parts of the bodyWe eat food every day. However, if we eat too much food we get overweight. It is usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are then stored as fat. Being extremely fat can also lead to a serious medical problem.B You are going to hear a dialogue. Supply the missing words.Yume: mike, why are so many Americans_____?Mike: well, that’s a good question, Yuma. You’d think that with the current_____ craze in the U.S there wouldn’t be so many over weight Americans.Yume: just how many people are overweight?Mike: about____ of Americans are overweight. Interestingly, one study said that low-income groups have a ____ percentage of overweight people than higher income families.Yume: are there any other___ like that in the study?Mike: yes. The study also said that the _____ the climate, the lower the percentage of obese people.Yule: yes . the study also said that the ____ the climate, the lower the percentage of obese people.Yume: that makes sense. When it’s hot, you usually don’t feel like eating a ____.Mike: is that why Japanese people are typically skinnier than Americans?Yume: well, our diet has a lot less fat and_____ than American food. And Americans eat a lot more____ than we do.Mike: you’re right, and we also eat more____ and junk food. But there’s another reason why so many Americans are fat.Yume: what’s that?Mike: nobody_____ anymore- not ever kids. The average American home has the TV on for____ hours a day!Yume: wow! No wonder you Americans are so fat. You don’t get enough____. Say, mike, aren’t you getting a little bigger in the waist?Mike: yeah, I guess so.Yume: you really need to watch_____ you eat and get some exerciseMike: hey, I started a diet and lost____ pounds.Yume: so what happened?Mike: I quit and gained it all back plus____ pounds.We are under stress when we are faced with a demand and do not know how to handle it. Stress may be caused by life’s events, such as, starting school, examinations, a new job, sickness, and death. Situations can cause stress too. Besides, The environment-noise, heat, overcrowding- and ourselves., like our personality, our beliefs, are also some of the caused of stress. Since stress is part of life, we cannot get rid of it. But we can learn how to control stress.C You are going to hear a short passage, focusing on the stressful situations involved and the

four ways to control stress, supply the missing information.Stressful situationsProblems: disagreement between people; how to________ peopleProblems: problem solving; _______Money problems: not enough to_____; disagreement over____Four ways to help control stress from situations:Part II Stress and catching coldsLife’s events, such as losing a Jon, sickness, examinations, cause stress because they bring about changes in our lives. A little stress makes us think and try harder. But too much stress or stress that goes on for a long time can affect our mental health and physical health as well. It can make people nervous, worried, depressed or \bad-tempered. Iota can also cause difficulty in sleeping, loss of appetite, or headaches.A You are going to hear a science report in which scientists explored the relation ship between stress and colds. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, match column a with column BColumn A column B1. colds can result from - at a higher risk of developing a cold2. people who feel extreme tension - the risk of a couldfor a period of time may (be)3. signs of a cold include - lack of exercise, poor diet, or working too hard4. severe stress lasting a month or more increases - coughing, sneezing and a blocked nose B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the experiment report.Experiment reportProject: link between stress and coldsResearchers: researchers at the university of PittsburghSubjects: __ people Age: ____Procedure: 1. subjects were given______ - physical

- social- ______- ______

2. ______ were placed in the noses. 3. the next five days- examining to find out who became infected & ________findings: 1. stress lowers_____ 2. sever stress lasting______ 3. people suffering from stress caused by _________ are more likely to get sick. 4. two causes of stress- _________________ - increase the riskPart III “so you manna keep fit, huh?”Exercise strengthens your heart and lungs. When you exercise, your muscles become stronger and your joints more flexible. However, if you want to get the most benefit out of an exercise, you also need to make a plan for it. Do you know how to do that?A You are going to hear the first part of a radio feature, focusing on the time and the five golden rules. While listening for the first time, take down key words in the notes column.

After the second listening, supply the missing information. How long? What for?Warming-up exercises Vigorous activity Cool-down exercisesThe five golden rules:1. Always wear _________________ clothes when you’re exercising. You need to feel

_____________.2. You should always do some simple _________first. To get your body ready for

__________.3. Never try to do ___________________________. Take it nice and easy now. There’s

__________ about this.4. Don’t forget to relax completely for ___________________ when you’ve finished your

workout. You need to ______________ after you’ve been exercising.5. _____________ if you feel any pain in your ___________________.B Now listen to the second part, What is that exercise that Crystal Collins shares with us? Pick out the correct pictures that describe the exercise and arrange them in correct order.Part IV More about the topic: Are You Fit and Healthy?To keep fit and healthy is everybody’s life goal. Then how can we achieve that? Does it just mean that we do a lot of exercise now and then?The following passage is about health, diet and exercise. After listening for the first time, decide whether the statements are true or false. Put “T” or “F” in the brackets. After the second listening, try to find out the English equivalents of those expressions in the material. True or false( ) 1. The average adult needs nine hours sleep per night.( ) 2..If you can’t sleep, get up and do something active.( ) 3. Crash diets are good for you if you want to lose more weight.( ) 4. The most important point of the “high protein” diet is that you mustn’t cook the food

with oil, butter or any fat.( ) 5. The orange and milk diet includes oranges, oil and one litre of milk.( ) 6. If you want to keep fit, you need to do a lot of exercise now and then.

Chinese English

弥补失去的睡眠薄荷茶辗转反侧一茶匙均衡多样的饮食减少使人肥胖的食物彻底戒除食糖替代品不粘煎锅深呼吸一段楼梯

感觉气喘嘘嘘Part V Memory test: How Much Exercise Is Enough Exercise?How much do we need to exercise for fitness? How often? How hard? How long ? Is it the

longerthe better? Our body gets enough exercise only when our heart is working at a certain speed.Mild exercise may be better than nothing, but it also cannot improve our fitness.You are going to hear a short passage on exercise. Work out your own target heart speed

range.Then arrange the fitness effect checking process in its correct order.Your own target heart speed range:My target heart speed range is between _______ and ______ beats per minute.

Check whether your exercise gives you the fitness effect 1. starting energetic exercise 2. stopping 3. 5 minutes’ warm-up exercise 4. checking pulse rate 5. 10 minutes’ energetic exercise 6. counting pulse beats

Part VI Reminder of key points in this unit

Verb & verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase OtherPart I Make sense

Feel like Quit GainSacrifice

Junk food PlusObeseTwo heads are Better than one.

Part II InfectAffect

VirusCoughingSneezingA blocked noseResistance

Severe

Part III relax take it nicetake it easystep up

Warming-up exerciseCool-down exerciseHeart rate Rush Workout

VigorousGolden

Part IV Catch up on Toss

Herb tea A (tea) spoonful of

Part V MultiplyKeep in mind

Stretch exercisePulse rate Stretch exercise

UpperLowerMinus

Pulse rate Pulse beat

accurate

13 About yourselfPart I Getting readyOur body is made up of different parts, such as face, hands and feet. Body words have been widely used figuratively in some phrases. And these phrases often create very vivid images.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the

definitions.1. grind to halt: stop moving 2. abdomen: the part of your body below your chest where your stomach and intestines

are 3. coil up: wind into a continuous series of loops 4. dehydrate: remove all the water5. contaminated food: food becoming impure, unhealthy, or harmful 6. bacteria: very small organisms which can cause disease (细菌)7. gobble up: eat up quickly and greedily 8. reserve: a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed 9. lash: hit violently

B You are going to hear several short dialogues. Pay attention to the numbers and body words in the phrases. Then guess the meaning of the phrases with body words.1. A: Do you know many ________ you’ve got?

B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh. ________ ? More? (A: Yes) ________? A: Yes.2. A: Do you know how many ________ there are in your body?

B: How many bones? I’ll take a guess. ____________.A: __________.

3. A: How often does your __________ beat?B: __________ times a minute.A: No, ________ times a minute.

4. Bob: Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?Billy: Just you keep your great _________ out of this, Bob, will you?(Meaning: ________________________)

5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you in my life again.Steven: Oh no.Mary: You really have put your ___________ in it, haven’t you?(Meaning: ____________________)

6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a ________, please?Dave: What?Kate: I said can you give me a ___________.Dave: All right, I’m coming. No need to shout.(Meaning: _____________)

7. Max: Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man like my son Julian?Frank: No, I haven’t heard of any at all recently.Max: Well, could you keep your _______ open, just in case?(Meaning: ____________)

8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then?Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?Carol: No. Maggie Brown. She’s in love again.Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?Carol: With her boss. ____________ over heels in love with him, she is.(Meaning: ________)

9. Nick: Have you ever lent any money to Mick?Jill: Mick? Huh! I wouldn’t lend him any if I were you.Nick: Why not? Doesn’t he pay it back?Jill: No. Never. He’s up to his _______ in debts.(Meaning: _______________)

10. Liz: She’s a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complains. Nothing’s too much trouble for her.

Pat: I know, yeah. Not many like her about. She’s all _________, really. All __________.(Meaning: _______________)

Part II The digestive system and diarrheaThe human body is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. The food we eat helps to give us energy. It has a long journey to make before all its goodness has been taken into our body. The food takes up to six hours to be digested in the stomach, depending on the size of the meal. The complete digestive process takes about 24 hours. But sometimes the system can go wrong.A You are going to hear a talk on the digestive system and diarrhea. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, match column A with column B with the help of the notes.

Column A Column B1. gut symptoms __ absorbing digested food into blood stream

__ contaminated food 2. the digestive system __ drinking enough __ a long tube coiling up in the abdomen3. causes of diarrhea __ carrying away waste products __ constipation4. jobs of the digestive system __ infection by viruses or parasites __ breaking down food 5. treatment for diarrhea __ adding enzymes __ diarrhea

B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the causes and treatment of diarrhea by a doctor. Complete the statements.

Causes of diarrhea There are infections, and this is _______________, which is caused by sort of

bacteria or organism. Some foods __________ might irritate ____________ and tend to give you

diarrhea. Some people when they __________ and _______________ tend to get diarrhea. People who suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome tend to get tummy pains

and _________.Treatment of diarrhea

Most attacks of diarrhea are not _______ and they ________ by themselves within _________.

The most important thing is to ________________________. It is better not to _________________ and not to worry about that. Ideally, the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of ____________. You can get special dehydrating fluids, which are ______________-. You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful of ________________.

Part III ImmunityThe environment contains many potentially destructive microorganisms. It is impossible for us to avoid contact with microbes. That’s why our body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections, Then why don’t we suffer from constant illness? Do we have our own defense system?A The following words and phrases are used in a discussion on the immune system. Listen to the words and phrases first. Study the definitions carefully.1. germ: 微生物,细菌2. defense system: 防御系统3. cell: 细胞4. white blood cell: 白细胞,白血球5. molecule: 分子6. bone marrow: 骨髓7. antibody: 抗体8. measles: 麻疹9. polio: 小儿麻痹症10. tuberculosis: 肺结核11. AIDS: 爱滋病B Now listen to the following discussion. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Questions 1. Since we have the immune system, why do we still need vaccinations?____________________________________________________________2. How does a vaccination work?____________________________________________________________3. Can we produce vaccines for any disease? Give an example.____________________________________________________________

4. Why is it so difficult to attack AIDS?

C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the discussion. Complete the diagram. Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place.

1. the virus that causes AIDS 2. remembering the chemical makeup of invading germs and attacking them very quickly3. fighting invading disease 4. destroying the body’s immune system5. protecting the body against specific infections6. putting the body at greater risk from other common infectionsPart IV More about the topic: The Circulatory SystemTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into eight systems such as the muscles, the circulatory and respiratory systems and the digestive system.The following short passage is about the circulatory system. Supply the missing words while listening.All ____ of our body must have nourishment and oxygen in order to function and grow, and their ______ products must be removed before they accumulate and poison the _____. The circulatory system distributes ________ materials and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the _______, blood vessels, and blood. The blood is also part of the body’s ________ system. It has antibodies and white blood _______ that protect the body against foreign ______.The heart is a muscle that is divided into _______ nearly identical halves: one half receives blood from the ______ and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends ______ that has traveled through the body _______ to the lungs. When the heart muscle contracts, the blood is forced out into ________ and enters small capillaries. Blood returns to the heart through veins. Materials enter and leave the blood across the thin ________ of capillaries, which are located near every ______ of the body. In almost every case, blood leaving a group of capillaries travels to the _______ and then to the lungs for more _______ before it returns to the capillaries. The one exception is _____ that has traveled through capillaries in the _________ system. The vein from this system, called the portal vein, carries blood directly to the ______, where nutrients are stored before the blood returns to the ________.Part V Memory test: HairNobody’s really sure why people go bald, but some scientists believe that people may inherit baldness. If you are interested, check out your mother’ father. Your hairline may look like his when you get older.Now listen to this radio phone-in. Complete the following chart.Caller’s name Problem Caller’s doctor’s opinionSolutionAdvice

Part VI Reminder of key points in this unitVerb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other

Part I Take a guess Keep one’s nose out of Put one’s foot in Give sb. a hand Keep one’s ears open

bone Head over heels Up to one’s neckAll heart

Part II over-tax grind to a halt coil up digest break downSqueezedehydrate irritate clear up

digestive system fuel mechanismabdomen digestionmusclegut bowel intestineenzymefecessymptomdiarrhea constipationcontaminated foodvirusparasitedehydrationfluid life saverbacteriasyndrometummy painsa pinch of

InsufficientlyRustySluggishEfficientlyWateryIrritableReasonableobviously

Part III LashCome into playassist

ImmunityGermReserveBackupBone marrowAntibodyMeaslesPoliotuberculosis

Constant (ly)Literally

Part IV AccumulateDistributeContract

NourishmentCapillaryVein

IdenticalDirectly

Nutrient Part V Comb hair Shampoo

BaldnessPatchWig

BaldRidiculous

14 safety First

Part I G etting ready Wherever you go, whatever you do, safety is always first. It is therefore important for us to be able to identify potential hazards and learn some ways of removing or remedying the problem.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. adhesive dressing: sticky covering put on a wound to protect it while it heals 2. pillion rider: a person who sits behind the one controlling the motor-cycle 3. pinch: squeeze between the thumb and a finger4. tilt: cause to slope, as by raising one end5. publicize: make widely known to the public6. fracture: a crack or break in something, especially a bone7. vomit: eject part or all of the contents of the stomach through the mouth8. anesthetic: a substance that stops you feeling pain either in the whole of your

body when you're unconscious or in a part of your body when you're awake9. fatal: capable of causing death10. exhaust: gas that is produced when the engine of a motor vehicle is runningWhen you run and play in the field, you may sometimes fall and bruise your knee. Small cuts and minor grazes are unavoidable in our daily life. Such cuts and grazes will usually need little or no treatment. The bleeding will clean the wound naturally, and it should stop within a few minutes, as the blood clots and dries. More serious cuts may need to be gently cleaned with soft cotton and warm water. TheyShould then be dressed with a clean cotton bandage.B You are going to hear a checklist of questions about simple first aid. Supply the missing words.Follow this simple checklist of questions. Ask yourself each of these questions in order to make sure you treat cuts and grazes properly:First. Is the cut on the ___________ ? If it is, call a doctor as soon as possible—especially if the ____________ is injured.Second. Is the cut bleeding badly? If it is, put a clean piece of _________ wool over it and press down firmly for about ___________ minutes.Thirdly. Ask yourself if the cut is still bleeding _____________ . If it is, dress it with a clean cotton bandage and call a doctor as ____________ as possible.Fourthly. Is the cut a ________ one, and is it wide open? If it is, clean the cut _________ ,

with clean cotton wool and a little warm water, then hold it _________ with an adhesive dressing.Fifth question. Was the cut made by a __________ or a long, sharp piece of wood? If it was, there may be some ~ in the cut. Let it bleed for a while, to clean itself. Then clean it with cotton wool and warm water and dress it with a clean cotton _________________ .Finally, don't forget that young __________ can become very easily upset or shocked by a cut -- especially if it is a serious one. Try to keep them ______ and quiet. Don't give them anything to drink, but keep their lips ~ with a little water.A bicycle is a very useful transportation tool. Cycling is also a good exercise foryour health. Nevertheless, it is important to learn some knowledge to cycle safely.Always check the condition of your bicycle. Ride a bicycle which is of the right sizeand suitable for your cycling ability. Remember to keep your bicycle in a safe placeand to lock it whenever it is left unattended. Observe all the traffic rules.C You are going to hear someone giving you some advice on cycling. Supply the

missing information.Before you cycleCheck to see that your bicycle is in good working order before you use it.Check these things:~ Is the chain _____________ ?~ Is the seat too high or too _ ___?~ Is there a ____________ at the rear?~ Are the ________________ well adjusted?~ Are the _______________ pumped up?~ Does the bell _________________ ?~ Do the brakes ____________ ?When you are cycling~ Ride safely ... not too _________.~ Use your brakes gently to control your __________.~ Ride carefully on ___________ roads.~ Keep both ____________ on the handlebars.~ Keep a ____________ from other vehicles.~ Obey all traffic ___________ on the road.~ Use a carrier or ____________ to carry all packages.~ Watch out for doors ______________ when cycling near a parked vehicle.~ __________________ as you are approaching a junction.~ ___________ the bell to let pedestrians know that you are coming.~ __ clear hand signals.Remember~ Never cycle ___________. the flow of traffic.~ Never __ a pillion rider on your bicycle.Part II Kiss of lifeAnyone whose breathing has stopped needs artificial respiration at once. Breathing can stop from one of many reasons: drowning, electric shock, poisoning, suffocation or a sudden illness such as a heart attack. Lack of oxygen can cause brain damage within only three to

five minutes and longer oxygen starvation leads to death.A You are going to hear someone telling you how to give artificial respiration. While

listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After thesecond listening, arrange the pictures in the correct order.

To check whether a person is breathing, you may put your ear close to his nose and mouth: you should be able to hear air passing in and out of his throat. Or you may put a mirror close to his lips: if he is breathing, the mirror mists over.B Now try this: listen to an authentic version of a dialogue. A swimming instructor is demonstrating artificial respiration for two students. Listen carefully. Complete each step for artificial respiration.~ Get the person lying _________. Check for breathing. Listen at ______________.~ Lift the neck ________________ and press down ________________.~ Pinch ______________ and keep _____________ on the forehead, with the other hand to

keep ________.~ Make ________________________. Give _____________________ as quickly as possible.~ Breathe ________________ and check ___________.Part III ClimbingMountain climbing is the sport of attaining high points in mountainous regions, mainly for the pleasure of the climb. It differs from other outdoor sports in that nature alone provides the field of action for the participant. Some people say climbing is safe, but others say it is a dangerous pastime. What do you think?'A The following words and phrase will appear in a radio feature. Listen to the words and phrase first. Study the definitions carefully. 1. Mont Blanc: a mountain, 4 810 meters high, in the Alps on the French-Italian border 2. massif: a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an

independent portion of a range 3. ascent: an upward journey 4. staggering: surprising 5. bicentenary: a 200th anniversary or its celebration 6. Chamonix: a town in S. E. France, in the Alps at the foot of Mont Blanc 7. unforeseen: unexpected 8. gendarme: a member of French national police organization constituting a branch of

the armed forces with responsibility for general law enforcement9. footing: a secure placement of the feet in standing or moving

B Listen to this radio feature carefully. Pay attention to all the numbers and their relevant information. While listening for the first time, take down key words in the notes column. After the-second listening, complete the chart.C Now listen to the radio feature again. Answer the questions. The words and phrases in the brackets may help you do the exercise.(ascent/unforeseen conditions/waitress in Chamonix / down the mountain/slips/weather conditions/climbers themselves/tired)1.What happened in 1786?______________________________________________________2. Who was the first woman to conquer the mountain? When? _________________________3. When do most of the accidents happen? __________________________________________

4. What are some of the causes of accidents? What is the most common cause according to the speaker?

Part IV More about the topic: Treating ShockWhen you suddenly have an experience which is unpleasant, upsetting, or very surprising, you have a shock. However, in medicine, shock is a serious physical condition in which your blood cannot circulate properly, for example, because you have had a bad injury.The following passage gives you some hints on how to treat shock. Supply the missing words while listening. Right, tonight we're going to look at the problem of shock. In medical terms, _______isn't just emotional upset. It is a very definite physical condition in which the _______ and the circulation gradually lose ________. Gradually the patient becomes pale and cold, drowsy, and perhaps he or __ even loses consciousness. Shock can result from all major _______ -- bleeding, wounds, burns and fractures -- and the speed of the patient' s deterioration depends on the severity of the _________. So whenever someone has been badly injured, you must do _______ things: you must give specific help for the actual __ itself, and you must also do something to halt or at least to try and _______ the shock process. Now here's one or two hints on ~ to do this. First of all, you ______ move the patient unless you absolutely have to. If you're in a burning house or in the middle of a motorway, you'll have to _______ him, of course. But otherwise treat him where he is until the doctor or the ambulance __________. And the next thing to remember is that you should position the patient _______ down with his head low and his feet raised. This is to _______ the blood flow to the heart, lungs and brain. But __________, of course, be tempted to move any part that might be fractured. Be careful always of that. ________ any tight clothing, such as braces, belt, collar, or even-- you'll be surprised to learn nowadays -- corsets. This will _ the patient more comfortable and allow him to _______. more easily. Keep the patient warm by _________ a blanket or coat loosely over them. If he's lying on a cold surface, then try to __ something underneath him as well. But again, do that very gently. ____ use hot-water bottles, because hot-water bottles actually ________ blood away from the internal organs towards the skin surface. So although that may sound like a commonsense thing to do, it actually _____________. Reassure the patient, this is very important, by being _______ yourself, confident, methodical and, above everything, sympathetic the whole time. Even if the patient seems to be ________, they may be able to hear any unfavorable comments you make, in_________ fact. And if he hears or sees you whispering, then he' s bound to imagine the worst. He'll be in a very _______ state and this will make his condition ________ too.

And the final _______ to remember is that you must not give anything at all by _________. of drink, whether alcohol or tea or may be vomited__________ Any sort of drink, whether alcohol or tea or _______, may be vomited up, causing choking. And it may also complicate __________ if an anesthetic is needed later in _____. So all the old wives' tales you've heard about administering brandy, forget them. If the ______ feels dry and he says he s thirsty, or you suspect that they may be thirsty, you can allow him to suck gently a _____________ or a sponge moistened with water.Part V Memory test: Surviving in the Snow

It's not impossible for us to be stuck in bad weather some day like storms and snowfalls. Do you know how to deal with that? The following radio feature gives you some advice on how to survive in the snow. Listen carefully. Decide whether the statements are true or false. Put "T" or "F' in the brackets, ( ) 1. According to the presenter, it is even more tragic when we consider most of the deaths

could not be avoided. ( ) 2. Since the car is the most important piece of survival equipment, don’t leave it unless

you can see your destination. ( ) 3. If you know you're going to hit bad weather, remember to bring blankets, a sleeping

bag and, ideally, hot drinks. ( ) 4. In order to keep the car ventilated, have the window on the side away from the wind

open a little. ( ) 5. It's dangerous to use the car heater to keep warm because the exhaust can kill you in a

few hours. ( ) 6. If you know you're setting off in bad weather, ring up your destination to the police in

case something happens on the way. Reminder of key points in this unit

Verb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other

Part I press down graze at the rear keep a distance from cotton bandage approach adhesive dressing pump up hand signal adjust flow of traffic pillion rider junction

pedestrian Part II drain artificial respiration backwards pinch nostril upwards tilt victim take a deep breath

make a tight seal seal off keep a steady rhythm Part III give much publicity sporting activity due to publicize massif unforeseen take sufficient ac- nationality liable to count of bicentenary ascent rescue operation footing slip Part IV depend on fracture drowsy

lose consciousness deterioration pale reassure circulation confident vomit up hint Methodical halt choking sympathetic suck an aesthetic the old wives' tale: moisten sponge Part V break down survival equipment in for Get caught destination away from get lost drift Fatal Suffocate snowfall apart from Ventilate sleeping bag set off shovel ring up hot drink take a turn for exhaust fume15 sportsmanship and championshipPart I Getting readySports mean competitions of physical strength, skill, or endurance against opponents or against an objective standard such as time, height, or distance. Sports can be divided into professional sports and amateur sports, or team sports and individual sports.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. sports fan: a very keen follower or supporter of a sport 2. championship: a competition held to find the champion 3. dynamic: of force or power that causes movement

4.referee: a judge in charge of some games5. foul: an act that is against the rules

6. penalty area: (in football) a space in the shape of a rectangle which is in front of the goal 7. commentary: spoken description (with opinions and explanations) that is broad-cast

with, and at the same time as, an event, occasion, football match, etc. 8. final: the last and most important in a set of matches 9. stamina: the strength of body or mind to fight tiredness, discouragement, or illness

10. deuce: (in tennis) 40: 40; 40 points to each player. After deuce has been reached, one of the players must then get two points in a row to win the game.

B You are going to hear a news item about a basketball tournament. Write the scores in the circles. Which team wins each game? Which is the champion team? Write the team's names in the squares.Part II Yoga exercisesClassical yoga is a doctrine that is theistic and emphasizes purification through meditation. A yogi, or practitioner of yoga, meditates in order to achieve true bliss, which involves a complete withdrawal from the world. Yogis assume the bodily posture that affords them the most stability and the least effort. The yogi strives to transcend body and matter through consistent meditation.A You are going to hear a conversation between two students Paul and Lisa about some

yoga exercises. Listen carefully. Match the names of the yoga postures with proper

pictures. ( ) candle / shoulder-stand ( ) plough ( ) fish

( ) forward bend ( ) cobra ( ) locust ( ) bow ( ) headstandB Listen to the conversation again. While you listen, add more key words in the left-hand

column. After listening, complete the descriptions for each yoga posture. Descriptions1. Candle Start by ______ on your _______ and then _______ your _______ up till all the weight's

__________ on your ________ and your ________ are straight up in the air.2. Plough Start by _______ on your and then ________ your ________ over till your _______ the

floor behind you.3. Fish Start by ________ on your ________ and then _________ your _______ and __________

the weight on the _______ of your ________.4. Forward Bend Start by _____ straight and then _______ forward.5. Cobra Start by ______ on your _______ and then _____ your ________ into the air.6. Locust Start by ____ flat on your __________ with your _____ by your sides and then ________

your ________.7. Bow Start by ______ on your ______ and then ________ your and your _______ till you can

__________ your _______ with your ______.8. Headstand ________ on your _______. C Listen to the conversation once more. Complete the following chart with the help of the

above notes.Part III Signals used by referees and linesman in footballFootball ( or soccer in America) is a team sport played with the object of driving the ball into the opponent's goal. The ball is controlled and advanced primarily by using the feet. A player can also use the thigh, the chest or the head. Only goalkeepers are allowed to handle the ball. Football is the world's most popular sport, with millions of fans throughout the world.A You are going to hear a conversation between a football course tutor and several students

about signals used by referees and linesmen. Listen carefully. Which signals in the following pictures are mentioned? Match them with the explanations by writing the correct numbers in the brackets.

( ) Direct free-kick ( ) Hand-ball ( ) Offside ( ) Start the game ( ) Foul in penalty area ( ) Stop the clock

( ) Foul near linesmen ( ) Indirect free-kick ( ) Match nearing end ( ) Throw-in ( ) Goal kick ( ) New ball ( ) Player must leave field ( ) Time up ( ) Play on ( ) Player is to be substitutedB Listen to the conversation again. While you listen, add more key words in the left-hand

column. After listening, complete the descriptions for each signal.Descriptions1. Play on Hold the _________, at _____ height, with the _____.2. Direct free kick Blow the whistle and point with _____________ to-wards the ground.3. Indirect free kick Hold ________ firmly _________ at the side, and ___________ straight _____________ in

the air, with the ______________.4. Foul near linesmen Hold the flag ________ and wave it __________ and ___________.5. Foul in penalty area Hold the flag _________ the ___________, ___________ towards the __________.6. Offside Hold the flag _____________ the line of play in the direction in which the offside took place.7. New ball Hold the _________, _______, in front of his ______.Part IV More about the topic: Women in SportsBasketball is another team sport played generally indoors by two teams of five players each. One of the most popular sports in the world, basketball is played by men and women of all ages and ability levels in more than 200 countries. The WNBA is said to be evidence of the increasing popularity of women sports. More women are succeeding as athletes. The following short passage is about professional women basketball players in America. Supply the missing words while listening.The Woman's National Basketball Association played its first _____ this past summer. The WNBA was _______ by the man's National Basketball Association. The WNBA is called the little __ of the NBA. There're ________ teams in the women's league. They play in __ major American cities. The women's basketball games have been more _______ than expected. An average of almost _______ people attended the ______ games during the ______________ season. _____ American television networks also ________ some of the games. ____________ of people watch them. Major companies pay to _________ their products during the broadcasts of the games. The WNBA ______a lot of women. Female __________ describe the ______ during the games. Female ________ make sure the players ______the rules.The WNBA is the ______ professional women' s basketball league now playing in the United States. An ________ group started the American Basketball League last _____. The ____ ABL teams play in the ____ and ______ in smaller cities. An average of _______ people attend the ABL games last year. The League is not as ________ as the WNBA. However,

several members of both _____ are well known. They played for the United States on the women's basketball team that won a __________ during the _________in Atlanta, Georgia.How is women's basketball different from men's basketball? One former college men's basketball _____ says, "Women's basketball is ________ to watch than men's basketball. It is more _______. It has more ______. And the players work together more as a ____. It costs much _____to attend a WNBA game than a men's____________ basketball game. So many______ attend the women’s basketball players to be their _______. The players are ______ of another thing that women can do well.” Another _________ between men's and women's basketball is that female players have a _______. relationship to the people who come to watch them ____. For ex-ample, female players spend _____ after the games _____ their fans and _______ their names for them. However female players ___ much less money than male professional basketball players. Last year ABL players earned an average of ______. The average pay for a male NBA player's is more than _______ a year. A star of the New York Liberty Team of the WNBA ________ the differencebetween men's and women's basketball this way: "Women play a _____ game—________ basketball. Right now women are still playing for the __ of the game." People who attended the WNBA games could buy many kinds of basketball _______ and otherproducts. One shirt described professional basketball this way:"_________ by man, __________ by woman."Part V Memory test: Which Sport?Historically, a rigid distinction has been made, between amateur athletics and professional sports. This distinction has become less rigid with time. Major league baseball, basketball, and football are the chief professional games. Skiing, swimming, and the various forms of tennis and running rank as the most popular individual amateur sports.A Below is a list of popular sports and a set of sports pictures. Listen carefully. Match the sports with their pictures. sumo; bowling; cricket; golf; rugby; squash; tennis; baseball; hockey; skiing; snooker; swimming; hurdling; basketball; football; boxing; running; table-tennis; B Listen to some extracts of sports commentaries. Decide which sport is being played in each extract you hear. You may find the above list helpful. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.Part VI Reminder of key points in this unit Verb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other

Part I beat sports fan Vs(versus) play championship win over hawk panther comet bowling

Part II take it easy yoga posture dynamic run through candle / shoulder-stand absent-minded lie on back / stomach plough hold on the crown of head stretch circulation arch cobra bend digestive system hypnotize miracle straighten locust have high opinion of bow trunk Part III involve referee complicated start off linesman / linesperson vital catch one's eye free kick firmly indicate foul lethal penalty area offside thigh Part IV attend association major broadcast WNBA / ABL / NBA former advertise league traditional consider announcer professional sign structure invent evidence perfect average Olympic Games Part V glance back rugby smoothly over one's shoulder snooker confidently lob hurdling steadily smash commentary deuce serve commentator unmarked umpire fit final full stretch jab center pocket cue ball loose ball full back lineout goal line

stamina 16 “Have Fun!”Part I Getting ready

Entertainment has various forms: games, e.g. bingo, cards, dice games; dancing, e.g. ballet, folk dance, popular and social dance; music, e.g. folk music, MTV, opera; outdoor recreation, e.g. camping, skiing, swimming, tennis; reading, e.g. comics, novels, periodicals; movies and theater, e.g. motion pictures, drama; electronic home entertainment, e.g. radio, television, video games; and community celebrations, e.g. festivals, holidays.A The following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. classical: (of music) written with serious artistic intentions and having an at-traction that lasts over a long period of time2. documentary: a film or television or radio broadcast that presents facts3. coverage: the amount of time and space given by television, a newspaper, etc., to a particular subject or event4. cast: the actors in a play, film, etc.5. subtitles: words printed over a film in a foreign language to translate what is being said6. pageantry: splendid show of ceremonial grandness with people in beautiful dress7. satire: (a work of) literature, theater, etc., intended to show the foolishness or evil of some person, organization, or practice in an amusing way8. installment: a single part of a book, play, or television show which appears in regular parts until the story is completed9. Sports enthusiast: a person who is habitually full of enthusiasm for sports10. speciality: a particularly fine or excellent productB People in the United States spend their free time in different ways. You are going to hear some short conversations discussing the popularity of some leisure activities. Listen carefully. Tick the correct answers and write down detailed information with numbers or percentages in the brackets.1. Which type of music do more people classical enjoy? country and western rock 2. Why do most people listen to the radio? for news for entertainment 3. What type of magazines do more people TV guides read? news magazines 4. Which sport is more popular? swimming

jogging 5. Which is true of more people? They never exercise. In their free time,

they like to be active. hat's on the box?

Part II What’s on the box?Television is the most widespread form of communication in the world. Though most people will never meet the leader of a country, travel to the moon, or participate in a war, they can observe these experiences through the images on their television. Television has a variety of applications in society, business, and science. The most common use of television is as a source of information and entertainment for viewers in their homes.

A You are going to hear a television critic recommending some of the programs. Look at the TV program guide below and tick the programs that are recommended by the critic. While you listen, don't forget to add more key words in the notes column.

BBC 1 BBC 2

7:00 The Rockford Files 7:00 News and Weather 7:50 Football 7:15 The Private Life of the Bee 9:30 News 8:00 Madam Butterfly 9:45 Murder at the Vicarage 10:00 Match of the Day 11:00 The Roaring Twenties (1939) 10:45 Kramer Versus Kramer (1979)

ITV Channel 4 7:00 Love Story 7:00 Watch Your Step 7:30 Detective 7:30 Stranger than Fiction 8:30 MI5 8:15 Science Now 9:30 World in Action 9:00 Hamlet 10:00 News at Ten 11:00 Psycho (1960) 10:30 High Plains Drifter (1972) B Now listen to the conversation again. Give further information to each programrecommended. Complete the following chart.Program Channel Time Further Information lTV 8:30 a ____________ about the ___________ and __________ of the British Secret ______— the growth of Military Intelligence ______ __________ into the UK equivalent of the _____ or ____ World in Action a ____________ about an ______________ of multinational.___________ -- concentrates on the __ and __ industries Channel 4 7:00 ________ teams of university __________ and ________ have to survive for ____________ in the __________ of Scotland and they've got to solve various problems – find ________, solve __________ work out how to _____________, how to ___________. make a _________, cook ______ -- to reach their goalFootball live ___________ of ________ Vs __________ BBC 2 10:00 the __ of today's __ play High Plains 10:30 a reallv ________________ film starring Clint

Drifter Eastwood with superb ____________; a kind of ____________ of the battle between __ and __ Channel 4 9:00 a television production of ________________’s

Hamlet_ with a cast of _______________ ac- tors and ______________

Part III What's on?London, situated at the head of the Thames River estuary, west of the river's mouth on the North Sea, is the capital city of Great Britain. Being as one of the world's most important financial and cultural centers, London is noted for its museums, performing arts, exchange and commodity markets, and insurance and banking functions, as well as a host of specialized services. A You are in England and telephone the Teletourist number for information about events and places of interest in and around London. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, complete the blanks in the statements.Statements1. All the events you hear about are on today. Today is ________.2. At the Hayward Gallery there is an exhibition of works by a famous ________________ Sir Edwin Lutyens.3. If you want further information, the number of the _________ Information Center is ____.4. The changing of the guard outside Buckingham Palace to-day takes place at ___________.5. This evening the London Philharmonic Orchestra is playing at the ___________________.6. The composers in the program given by ______________ Isaac Stern ______________ and Andrew Wolf this evening will be ________________.7. One of the two theaters that are on Charing Cross Road is ______________________.8. The Royal Shakespeare Company is not performing Romeo and Juliet; it is performing __________.9. If you want information about times, admission prices and travel details of the events, the number to ring is __________.10.If you want information about events and activities of interest to children, the number to ring is ____________.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the recorded telephone information. Complete the following chart.Entertainment Place Content Exhibition Works by British architect Sir Edwin Lutyens British Museum

Passmore Edwards Museum British Library Gallery Pageantry A general changing ceremony Horse Guards Parade Greyhound Racing The London Philharmonic Orchestra

perform works by ______, _______ and ____________. Isaac Stem and Andrew Wolf present a program of works by ___________, ______and ______. Show Wyndham Theater Garrick Theater Comedy: Political satire: Shakespeare The Royal Shakespeare Company present Richard II. Ballet Royal Opera House Sadler's Wells Theater The __________________________

_______'s programPart IV More about the topic: American Unusual MuseumsMuseum is a Latin word, derived from the Greek mouseion, originally meaning a temple dedicated to the nine Muses. Not until the Renaissance was the term applied to a collection of objects of beauty and worth. The United States has thousands of museums. Some museums show large collection of art, some show objects of science or history. Other museums show collections of unusual things.The following short passage is about the unusual museums in America. Supplying the missing words while listening.Museums show collections of ___________ art or objects of __________ or _________ value. The large _____ museums show thousands of different kinds of things. Some of the small museums throughout the United States show collections of one kind of_________. Many of them are ________ subjects for a museum.One such museum is called the "Museum of Bad Art". The museum has more than ______ terrible looking ___________.Another unusual art museum is called the "American Visionary Art Museum". The works of art in this museum are ________, but they are _________ from those in ________ art museums. Visionary art is produced by people without any art ______.Many small museums in America have collections of _______ things. One ex-ample is the "Dolls House and Toy Museum". It has many old ____ and _______. It has small versions of ___________ that are common play things for young children. It also has small toy houses with ________ and __________ inside.The "American Sanitary Plumbing Museum" has a collection of ________ -- the devices people use in their homes and offices to ___________ human wastes. The museum shows the

history of the American _______________. Many kinds of old toilets and plumbing tools are in the museum.Other museums have collections of _________ things found in a home. For example, the "Lock Museum of America" has _______ devices that held doors or other objects ________ Some of the locks open only at ________ time. Other locks use many kinds of mechanical __________. Some of the locks are _________ or __________ of years old. They are from many different countries including __________,________ and __________.There also is a museum for devices that measure _____________. It is called the "World's Only Thermometer Museum". The museum has more than ____ thermometers. The thermometers are in many different ______ and ______.Several interesting American museums are about _______ subjects. One is the National Museum of Dentistry The museum tells about the history of the medical treatment of _______. Some frightening devices that once were used to _______ infected teeth can be seen. Most people do not consider a visit to the ______ their idea of a _____. However, the director says he wants to make the museum a ________ to visit. He says he also wants to ________ visitors about the importance of ___________ their teeth.Another museum has a collection of devices that help people ____. The “Heating Aid Museum" has almost _____ hearing aids from around the world. They include ______ and ______ devices. Some old ________ were made to look like other objects. That is because people did not want anyone to know that they were ________. a hearing aid.Some popular ________ in America also have museums. One is the "Jello Museum". Jello is the name of a popular American food that shakes when you move it. Jello tastes like different kinds of _______. Jello was invented in _____. The museum tells about the history of the _______.There is another unusual museum that tells about a popular food product -- mustard. Mustard is a ________ substance made from seeds. People have added it to their food for _______. The "Mustard Museum" has more than ______ different kinds of mustard. There are mustards from almost every American _______ and from several foreign _______. The museum shows how mustard is made. Visitors can taste ___ kinds of mustard.If you visit one of these small museums, you'll not find __________. But you'll find visitors who think these collections are not only _______ but also very ______.Part V Memory test: Entertainment AnnouncementsAll sporting, artistic, and recreational activities carried out in non-working hours are leisure activities. Traditional leisure activities include many forms of sports, gardening, fishing, collecting hobbies, card games, and eating out. Since the 1960s the shorter working week, better diet and health care, greater mobility through car ownership, and the growth of cheap air travel, have encouraged tourism and outdoor leisure pursuits.You are going to hear four kinds of entertainment announcements: cinema announcements, radio announcements, restaurant announcements and holiday announcements. Listen carefully, and complete the following charts.Chart 1 ABC White ladies Cinema AnnouncementCinema Film Certificate Doors OpenABC I weekdays: Sundays:

ABC 2 weekdays: Sundays: ABC 3 weekdays: Sundays: Late show for Fri.

Chart 2 Radio AnnouncementRadio Program BroadcastingTime Radio I Radio 2 Radio 3 Radio 4 Chart 3 Restaurant AnnouncementRestaurant Main Feature Price Opening Booking Hours Number King StreetBistro (fixed) Castle Restaurant (average) Chart 4 Holiday AnnouncementPlace Price Duration Main Features Tel. Number Becktano in the 204653 beside a in the near the by a on a with lots of no no no no no Part VI Reminder of key points in this unit Verb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other Part I body builder classical Red Cross pop action movie attendant soda Part H make public concen- TV critic further trate on recommendation right away survive documentary amazing

appreciate equivalent originally release CIA / KGB multinational mention investigation daft take the bold step of clue Vs (versus) puzzle remarkable live coverage superb allegory little-known cast distracting subtitle Part III be keen on exhibition mounted present gallery royal architect contemporary archaeological currently pageantry available ceremony Buckingham Palace greyhound orchestra rundown political satire admission Part IV carry away visionary art scientific hold sth. closed plumbing industry historical add ... to human wastes terrible looking mechanical device traditional dentistry frightening hearing aid infected Jello spicy mustard seed Part V produce installment spectacular conduct mission freshly deliver audience fixed book enthusiast luxurious dream about commentary in advance credit card swindle menu speciality all-in holiday 17 For a Cleaner planetPart I Getting readyPollution problems in many countries have gone beyond acceptable limits. The world’s forest voter greatly lessens, the soil suffers serious erosion, the quality of the air s unsatisfactory, surface and underground water is contaminated, traffic noise is far too high.

All these problems call for stronger control over forest, air, water, soil and noise pollution, and much improved protection of the environment, especially in areas of concentrated population and industrial growth.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. rain forest: a hot, wet, evergreen forest in tropical areas where rainfall is heavy and there is no dry season.2. extinction: destroying or being destroyed, dying out, as a species of animals 3. species: sort, biological group having some common characteristics able to breed with each other but not with other groups.4. equator: an imaginary circle around the earth, equally distant at all points from both the North and South Poles: it divides the earth’s surface into the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.5. substance: matter of a particular kind or chemical composition6. air conditioning: a method of supplying a room, building, railway coach etc. with air theta is purified and kept at a certain temperature and degree of humidity 7. recycle: treat or process in order to use again8. additive: substance added to another in small quantities to produce a desired effect 9. fuel: any material, such as coal, oil, gas, wood, etc, burned to supply heat or power.10. release: let go or let looseB here is a conversation between a mother and son from which you can learn something about the rain forests. After that some question will be asked. Supply the missing words in answering them.1. He is making a poster to save the __________.2. They cover _____ of the Earth’s land3. They are mainly loggers, ________, and ______.4. ______ of the world’s plant and animal species live in rain forests.5. There is almost no change in ______ or growing _______.6. About _____ to ____ inches per year.7. _________8. He wants to buy ________.Part II The Campaign for clean air (CCA)There are more and more organizations all over the world striving to make the earth a cleaner place for people to live on. Due to their untiring efforts, most cities are cleaner than they were 10 years ago, major strides have been ado in the technology to control pollution, and people are becoming more and more aware of the necessity to protect the environment.A You are going to hear some words and phrases taken from a radio interview. Listen and read the explanation of their meaning. Try to familiarize yourself with these words and phrases.1. pollutant: something that pollutes, esp. a harmful chemical or waste material sent off into the water or atmosphere2. sulfur dioxide: so2 , a heavy, colorless gas which may cause difficulty in breathing.3. acid: sharp and biting to the taste, sour4. emission: something that is sent out, given forth or discharged

5. carbon dioxide: CO2, a colorless, odorless gas that cannot be burned, some what heavier than air.6. carbon monoxide: co, a colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas, produced by the incomplete burning of certain materials; it burns with a pale-blue flame 7. dose: amount (of medicine, drug, etc.) to be taken at one time8. reflex: ability to react quickly and effectively9. greenhouse effects: the warming of planet10. icecap: a mass of ice that spreads slowly out in all directions from a centerB you are going to hear a radio programmed in which peter whitehead interviews francs Kelly on the problem of air pollution. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, fill in the gaps in the summaries.SummariesIn this passage, Mr. Frances Kelly has altogether mentioned three kinds of _____: sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.1. sulfur dioxidesulfur dioxide emissions mainly come from ______ stations. It will lead to acid rain which kills off ____ and ____ life in lakes and destroys the _______.2. carbon monoxidecarbon monoxide is mostly produced by ____ vehicles. It may cause ____ and a _____ of the reflexes. Moreover, scientists are almost sure that it has an effect on the _______ of children.3. carbon dioxidemore and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will bring about the _______ of the polar icecaps and subsequent ____ of low-lying areas. In order to solve these problems. Mr. Frances Kelly thinks that the government should have far stricter ____ on these emissions and ___ should also be made to help deal with these problems.Part III Traffic pollutionNowadays, noise has become an annoying problem, since it is heard almost every where in modern cities. Jet aircraft, heavy trucks, and sirens all contribute to loud, unpleasant sounds. Noise control has become a global concern of considerable significance.A In this section you are going to hear several people discussing the problem of traffic pollution with a government official, Barbara fielding. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Questions1. why are there traffic congestion and pollution on the road? Because there are too many ____ on the road.2. in the first caller’s opinion, what is the most effective solution?The most effective solution is not to build ___, but to improver our _____instead, such as more buses, more ____, and shared _____.3. what is the real problem according to the second caller?4. what does she think of what the government is doing now? she considers it as_____.5. what is the general suggestion she puts forward? She suggests that the government try their best to make people ____ their cars.6. what concrete measures does she mention?She mentions several measures such as limiting ____ in she mentions several measures such

as limiting ____ in towns, making the roads ____ in stead of ____, and making the city centers just for pedestrians and ______.B now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the telephone conversation and decide whether the statements after the conversation fare Truer or False. Put a “T” or “F” in the brackets.1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( )5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( )Part IV More about the topic: the indoor air pollutionAlthough there are automatic air pollution monitoring systems in many cities to guide pollution control efforts, one always fails to realize that many sources of air pollution are inside one’s house such as refrigerators, gas coolers, and air conditioners. In fact, the air pollution they bring about is no less insignificant than that outside. The following passage is about indoor air pollution. Supply the missing words while listening. More than ___ scientists, public health officials and other experts from ___ countries met near Washington D.C. earlier this month. They discussed the ___ problem of indoor air pollution. Many countries have spent thousands of ____ of dollars during the past 20 years to make the outside air ___ to breathe. Experts say, however, that air inside buildings in often___ times more dangerous than the air outside. The air inside is full of cabin monoxide, substances from tobacco ____ and biological materials such as ___, insects and moulds. These harmful substances exist in all kinds of buildings,, houses, schools, hospitals and offices. ____ them can lead to lung cancer, breathing disorders, ___ stomach sicknesses or ear and ___ problems. Some of the worst indoor air pollution exists in developing countries where ___ and coal are used for ____. Scientists say breathing these substances may be responsible for almost___ of the deaths around the world. Experts at the recent conference said ___ of indoor air problems are caused by ___ and ___ systems, but they agreed that the problem of indoor air pollution is a ___one. So they said the solutions must be local. In the U.S., the Environmental protecting agency is spending more than ____ dollars over ___ years to establish environmental health centers at several universities. Scientists at the centers will___ indoor air pollution and work with local officials to improve the air ___ in local buildings. James hill is a former president of a professional group of American heating and air-conditioning experts. He says experts have learned how to improve indoor air in the past ___ years. They also know how to ___ and take care of buildings so that the air inside will be ___. Mr. Hill says that knowledge now should lead to ____. He says the goal is to teach designers, builders and the public how to keep from polluting indoor air. Conference delegates ____ that health experts, builders and engineers need to work together to ___ indoor pollution. They called for a betters of current technology to produce _______, _______ air inside buildings.Part V Memory test: Old TiresMore and more attention is now being given to reducing pollution, maintaining a natural ecological balance and recycling wastes. Naturally, an important way to achieve this is to expand the use of cleaner fuels. Thus, gas is being more widely used to replace raw coal, cheap and clean solar energy is being studied, and with the development of science and technology, even old tires may become a kind of clean fuel one day.

You are going to hear a passage about how to deal with old tires. After that some questions will be asked. Find the right answers as quickly as possible acc99ording to the notes you have taken while listening.1. a. in the house.. b. wherever one likesc. in the land field d. in the garage2. a . 24000000 b. 420000000c. 340 000000 d. 240 0000003. a . the tires can catch fire.b. the tires can carry diseases.c. the tires can become a home for insects.d. the tires can trap water.4. a. they should be buried underground.b. they should be recycledc. they should be repairedd. they should be thrown away5. a. because tires have long been used as a fuelb. because people may run out of other fuelsc. because burning tires can send out good chemicals into the air.d. because in the future, it is possible to make the tires burn cleaner.Part VI Reminder of key points in this unit Verb & verb Phrase Noun & noun hares other Part I cover rain forest tropical Be impressed project Work on petition Extinction Logger Species Equator DonationPart II issue air pollutant in the longer term Kill off sulfur dioxide damaging Impose on acid rain polar Emission subsequent Carbon monoxide low-lying Carbon dioxide Dose Reflex Build-up Greenhouse effect Icecap FloodingPart III be aware traffic pollution in my opinion Discourage from congestion positive Carry on public transport drastic

Collapse pedestrian realisticPart IV lead to substance local Be responsible for tobacco current Investigate mould Keep from disorder Call for air-conditioningPart V deal with automobile unwanted Throw away vehicle worldwide Trap waste material open-air Recycle threat Melt particle Rip asphalt Release additive Fuel Chemical18 Review (II)activity 1 preferencesan interviewer is interviewing Sarah on preferences. Listen carefully. What things does Sarah like? Write down her answers in proper places.1. school subjects: ___________2. places to live: _____________3. TV: _____________________4. Food: ___________________5. Vacations: ________________Activity 2 Do you believe it?A listen to several newspaper headlines. Write them down.1. ________________________2. ________________________3. ________________________4. ________________________5. ________________________B Listen to the news. What information is in the stories? (Tick a or b.) Do you think they might be true? Tick to show your opinion. (Open-ended)

True?Maybe probably not impossible

1. a. videotape of UFO sports show __________ __________ _________b. people on earth saw a TV sports show from a UFO. __________ __________ __________2. a . the school was damaged, and many students were hurt. __________ __________ ___________b. the school was damaged, but no students were hurt. __________ __________ ___________3. a. the statue looks like a rock star. ___________ __________ __________b. the school was damaged, but no

students were hurt. ___________ ________ ___________4. a. he stopped eating. ___________ ________ ___________b. he only ate one kind of food. __________ _________ ___________5. a. the elephant performs tricks beforesoccer games. _________ __________ ________b. the elephant is a good soccer player __________ __________ ________activity 3 in-flight serviceyou are going to hear two people talking on an airplane about in-flight service. Listen carefully. Answer the following questions.1. how long is the film?_____________________2. what is the certificate of the film? _____________________3. how much will the passengers pay to see the film?Dollars: ________ Sterling: _________ Francs: __________ Marks: __________4. what is the title of the film?______________________5. what kind of film is it?______________________6. where do some of the scenes in the film take place?______________________7. where is the bar?______________________8. besides the film and the bar what other service does the plane have?______________________Activity 4 Match of the dayA you are going to hear three sports commentaries. Decide which sport is being played.1. ____________________2._____________________3. _____________________B Listen to the commentaries again and complete the following sentences.1. onokuni, also known as ______, is fighting against Fujino shin, whose nickname is _______. Fuji no shin weights _______, but Onokuni is _________ heavier. ________wins the fight.2. the match is being played in _________. The two teams are ______ and ____. Higuita _____ from the goal to try to get the ball, but this allows ______to _____. So the score is _______, and ______ are almost certain to win. This means they will play in the ________.3. With 80 meters to go, Glenda Walsh is ______. But ______ overtakes her and ____. Her time is _____, which is a good win because it’s only her ________ this summer.Activity 5 you and your communityYou are going to hear part of a radio program called “you and your community”. Listen carefully and answer the multiple choice questions.1. What does the Chief Superintendent mean by a “jobber”?a. Anybody who does jobs free for others.

b. A workman who only wants to be paid cash for a job.c. Someone who offers to do a job but who probably doesn’t finish it.d. A builder who advertises jobs “done cheaply” in the newspaper.2. What does the Chief Superintendent say about young householders?a. They are more careful than old people.b. They tend to keep a lot of cash in their houses.c. Most pay by check for building jobs to their property.d. Many are deceived as easily as old people.3. Why do the police want people to tell them about “jobbers ”?a. Because it will help them to prevent crimes.b. So that they can warn professional builders about themc. Because they want to inspect their work.d. So that they can talk to the jobbers about unsolved crimes.4. What did “jobbers” do to one old person?a. They attacked his cat.b. They threatened to break up his housec. They did something very unpleasant to his dog.d. They tried to make him tell them where his money was.