1 tsm363 fluid power systems fluid power introduction and applications dr. tony e. grift dept. of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
TSM363 Fluid Power Systems
Fluid Power Introduction and Applications
Dr. Tony E. Grift
Dept. of Agricultural & Biological EngineeringUniversity of Illinois
![Page 2: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Agenda
• Energy Transfer Systems• Pascal’s Law• Basic Hydraulic Systems
• Pump• Actuators• Pressure Relief Valve (PRV)
• Applications• Agriculture• Construction/mining• Forestry
![Page 3: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Video: Modern Marvels Hydraulics Ch1: 0-11:03 (11:03)
• Introduction• Power steering• Hydraulic brakes• Thrill rides• Basic fluid power• Jack• History
![Page 4: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Units are irrelevant if everything is kept in Pure SI:
• Distance in m• Area in m2
• Volume in m3
• Time in seconds (s)
• Flow rate in m3/s
• Force in Newton (N = kgm/s2)• Pressure in Pascal (Nm-2)• Work (energy) is Force through a Distance (Nm)• Torque is also Force times a Distance (Nm)• Power is Work per unit of Time (Nm/s)
• Viscosity in Pascal*second (Pa*s)
![Page 5: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Video 1: Introduction (3:20)
• Power supplies cannot directly move loads• Hydraulics can lift large loads in linear fashion (bucket of dump truck)• Conversion into useable form and transmission to work location• Compressed fluid is the energy carrier
• Fluid properties are important• Advantages
• Force can be applied in accurate amounts• Hydraulics have good power/weight ratio (mobile applications)• Precise positioning possible• Hydraulic motion is uniform and speeds are variable• Hydraulic systems can be started under maximum load (platform lift)• Overload protection easily implemented (PRV)
• Forms of hydraulic systems• Stationary systems• Mobile systems
• Construction equipment• Vehicles (Off-road and On-road), ships• Aircraft
![Page 6: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
A hydraulic system is nothing more than an Energy Transfer System
• Fluid Power Advantages• multiplies forces• constant torque at all speeds• can work remotely and around
corners• High power density• Easy to implement linear motion• Only two actuators, linear and
rotary
• Disadvantages• Leakages• Sensitive to contamination• Can be dangerous
![Page 7: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Caterpillar 797 Dump Truck (world’s biggest until 2004)
• 3400 HP• 360 Tons capacity• 40 MPH Fully loaded• Mechanical drive
![Page 8: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Liebherr 282B 400 Ton Mining truck (record holder 2005)• 2,700 HP Detroit Diesel • 505,000 lb (229,000 kg)• 267 yd3 (204 m3)• 400 tons (363 tonnes)• Electric AC Drive
![Page 9: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Video 7: Hydraulic system design (1:13)
• Three system components• Power supply unit: external either electric, internal
combustion engine or human (hydraulic jacks)• Power control section (valves, many types,
functions and implementations)• Drive unit (actuators: cylinder and motors)
![Page 10: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Fluid Power Energy Transfer System
M
E
ne
rgy L
ev
el
ni, Ti
P
1
Q
1
P
4
Q
4
vo, Fo
no, To
![Page 11: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Video 2: Pressure Fluids (2:02)
• Function of hydraulic fluids• Transmit pressure energy• Serve as lubricant• Protect metal from corrosion• Dissipate heat from oil flow• Carry away abraded particles to the filter
• Fluid properties• Viscosity is resistance to flow• Lubricated properties• Mineral or sythetic oils used in hydraulic systems• Additives make oil suitable for certain applications• Only 7% compressible by volume
![Page 12: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Basic Principles
• Liquids form in the shape of the container (like the lines for transmitting fluid power)
• Liquids can be considered incompressible
![Page 13: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Energy Transfer Methods
• Fluid power is one method of energy transmission:• It transfers potential energy in fluid medium to do
desired work.
• Other methods of energy transmission:• Mechanical transmission• Electrical transmission
![Page 14: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Video 3: Pascal’s Law (2:41)
• Pressure determines work output• Pressure applied to surface give Force• Closed system: same pressure is present everywhere • (Pascal’s law)• Operating speed determined by flow rate
• Pressure applied to a confined liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions, and acts with equal force on equal areas, and at right angles to them.
AFP
t
VQ
Blaise Pascal
![Page 15: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Pascal’s Law: Pressure in static closed system (confined fluid) is the same everywhere
10 N 100 N1 m2 10 m2
10 N/m2
![Page 16: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Video 4: Force transmission (1:35)
• Pressure propagation transmits force• Equal diameters>equal forces• Different diameters> different forces• Force can be transmitted or stepped down• Large masses can be moved with small forces
through cycling pumps (manual jack)
AFP
![Page 17: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
10 N
100 N1 m210 m2
10 N/m2
1 m
10 m
ooii LFLF
Conservation of Energy
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed
![Page 18: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Elements of Fluid Power systems
• Power is transmitted by pushing a confined liquid.• Input component is a positive displacement pump.
• Flow from pump is dependent on speed• Flow from pump is independent of system pressure
• Output components are called actuators
![Page 19: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Positive Displacement Pump
• Except for efficiency, pump output is constant regardless of pressure.
• Pump outlet is sealed from inlet.• Fluid at the inlet is forced to the outlet.
![Page 20: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Linear Actuators
A2
p1 p2
A1
2211 ApApF
F
![Page 21: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Linear Actuators
• Cylinders
Double actingDifferential area
Double actingDual Rod
![Page 22: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Rotary Actuators
• Motors
![Page 23: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Advantages of Fluid Power
• Variable Speed• Actuators can be driven from a high to low speed using a
flow control valve.
• Reversible• Hydraulic actuators can be instantly reversed in direction of
motion.
• Overload Protection• A pressure relief valve protects a hydraulic circuit from
overload.• Also, a pressure relief valve provides a set clamping force.
• Can Be Stalled• A load can stall a fluid power circuit without damage.
![Page 24: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Where do we find Hydraulics?
![Page 25: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
John Deere Utility tractor with dual pumps
![Page 26: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Valtra introduces powerful new hydraulics with output of 160 liters/minute
![Page 27: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Mining & Construction Equipment
![Page 28: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Mining Equipment
![Page 29: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Hydraulics is the Energy Transfer System on most mining equipment
Cylinders
Motors
![Page 30: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Backhoe arm
![Page 31: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
![Page 32: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
![Page 33: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
![Page 34: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Forestry Equipment
![Page 35: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Feller-bunchers fell trees and drop them in a pile
![Page 36: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Cut-to-length feller heads
![Page 37: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Timberjack experimental felling ant?
![Page 38: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Skidders pull trees out of the forest to a collection site
![Page 39: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Forwarders stack trees for transport
![Page 40: 1 TSM363 Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Introduction and Applications Dr. Tony E. Grift Dept. of Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Illinois](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0261a28abf838cd5f77/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Dept. of Agricultural & Biological EngineeringUniversity of Illinois
TSM363 Fluid Power Systems
Introduction to Hydraulics
The End