1 topic 6.2.3 polynomial multiplication — area and volume polynomial multiplication — area and...

1

Topic 6.2.3Topic 6.2.3

Polynomial Multiplication— Area and Volume

Polynomial Multiplication— Area and Volume

2

Lesson

1.1.1

California Standards:2.0 Students understand and use such operations as taking the opposite, finding the reciprocal, taking a root, and raising to a fractional power. They understand and use the rules of exponents.

10.0 Students add, subtract, multiply, and divide monomials and polynomials. Students solve multistep problems, including word problems, by using these techniques.

What it means for you:You’ll multiply polynomials to solve problems involving area and volume.

Polynomial Multiplication — Area and VolumePolynomial Multiplication — Area and VolumeTopic

6.2.3

Key words:• polynomial• monomial• distributive property

3

Lesson

1.1.1

Polynomial multiplication isn’t just about abstract math problems.


6.2.3

Like everything in math, you can use it to work out problems dealing with everyday life.

4

Topic

6.2.3 Polynomial Multiplication — Area and VolumePolynomial Multiplication — Area and Volume

Find Areas by Multiplying Polynomials

(2x + 11) cm

(x + 5) cm

You can use polynomial multiplication to find the area of geometric shapes whose dimensions are expressed as polynomials.

For example, to find the area of this rectangle, you multiply its length by its width.

Area = l × w = (2x + 11) × (x + 5)

5

Example 1

Solution follows…

Topic


Find the area of the space between the two rectangles:

Solution

The length of the middle rectangle is 5x + 6 – 2x = (3x + 6) in.

The width of the middle rectangle is 3x + 2 – 2x = (x + 2) in.

Area of space = area of large rectangle – area of small rectangle

(5x + 6) inches

(3x + 2) inches

xx

xx x

x

xx

= (5x + 6)(3x + 2) – (3x + 6)(x + 2)

= 15x2 + 28x + 12 – 3x2 – 12x – 12= 15x2 + 10x + 18x + 12 – (3x2 + 6x + 6x + 12)

= (12x2 + 16x) in2

6

1. Find the area of a rectangle whose dimensions are (3x + 4) inches by (2x + 1) inches.

Lesson

1.1.1

Guided Practice


6.2.3

Solution follows…

12

2. Find the area of the triangle on the right.

(The formula for the area of a triangle is Area = bh.)

3. The height of a triangle is (3x – 2) inches and its base is (4x + 10) inches. Find the area of the triangle.

(3x + 4)(2x + 1) = 6x2 + 3x + 8x + 4= (6x2 + 11x + 4) in2

2x – 3

5x + 3

(0.5)(5x + 3)(2x – 3) = (0.5)(10x2 – 15x + 6x – 9)= (5x2 – 4.5x – 4.5) square units

(0.5)(4x + 10)(3x – 2) = (0.5)(12x2 – 8x + 30x – 20)= (6x2 + 11x – 10) in2

7

4. Find the area of a rectangle whose dimensions are (3 + 2x) inches by (5 + 6x) inches.

5. Find the area of a square with side length (a2 + b2 – c2) ft.

6. The area of a trapezoid is given by A = ½h(b1 + b2) where h is the height and b1 and b2 are the lengths of the parallel sides.

Find the area of this trapezoid.

Lesson

1.1.1

Guided Practice


6.2.3

Solution follows…

(3 + 2x)(5 + 6x) = 15 + 18x + 10x + 12x2

= (15 + 28x + 12x2) in2

(a2 + b2 – c2)(a2 + b2 – c2) = a4 + a2b2 – a2c2 + a2b2 + b4 – b2c2 – a2c2 – b2c2 + c4

= (a4 + 2a2b2 – 2a2c2 + b4 – 2b2c2 + c4) feet2

(0.5)(x + 1)(x + x + 4) = (x + 1)(0.5)(2x + 4)= (x + 1)(x + 2) = (x2 + 3x + 2) in2

(x + 1) in.

(x + 4) in.

x in.

8

Topic


Multiply Polynomials to Find Volumes

You’ve just used polynomials to find the areas of shapes.

You can also multiply polynomials to find volumes — the next two Examples show you how.

9

Example 2

Solution follows…

Topic


Find the volume of the box on the right.

Solution

Volume = Length × Width × Height

= (5x + 8)(6x – 4)(4x + 6)

= [5x(6x – 4) + 8(6x – 4)](4x + 6) Multiply the first two polynomials

= (30x2 – 20x + 48x – 32)(4x + 6)

= (30x2 + 28x – 32)(4x + 6) Simplify the first product

(5x + 8) in.

(6x – 4) in.

(4x + 6) in.

Solution continues…

10

= (30x2 + 28x – 32)(4x + 6)

Example 2

Topic


Find the volume of the box on the right.

Solution (continued)

(5x + 8) in.

(6x – 4) in.

(4x + 6) in.

= 4x(30x2 + 28x – 32) + 6(30x2 + 28x – 32)

= 120x3 + 112x2 – 128x + 180x2 + 168x – 192

= 120x3 + 112x2 + 180x2 – 128x + 168x – 192

= (120x3 + 292x2 + 40x – 192) in3

Multiply out again

Commutative law

11

Polynomial Multiplication — Area and VolumePolynomial Multiplication — Area and Volume

Example 3

Topic

6.2.3

Find the volume of a box made from the sheet on the left by removing the four corners and folding.

Solution

Volume = Length × Width × Height

Solution follows…

= (8 – 4x)(6 – 4x)(2x)

= [8(6 – 4x) – 4x(6 – 4x)](2x)

= (48 – 32x – 24x + 16x2)(2x)

Multiply the first two polynomials

6 in

8 in

2x 2x

2x 2x

2x

2x

2x

2x

(6 – 4x) in(8 – 4x) in

2x in

Solution continues…

12


Example 3

Topic

6.2.3

Find the volume of a box made from the sheet on the left by removing the four corners and folding.

Solution (continued)

= (48 – 32x – 24x + 16x2)(2x)

6 in

8 in

2x 2x

2x 2x

2x

2x

2x

2x

(6 – 4x) in(8 – x) in

2x in

= (48 – 56x + 16x2)2x

= 96x – 112x2 + 32x3

= (32x3 – 112x2 + 96x) in3

Simplify the first product

Multiply by the third polynomial

13

7. Find the volume of a cube with side length (3x + 6) inches.

Lesson

1.1.1

Guided Practice


6.2.3

Solution follows…

8. A concrete walkway around a swimming pool is 6 feet wide.

If the length of the pool is twice the width, x feet, what is the combined area of the walkway and pool?

(3x + 6)(3x + 6)(3x + 6) = (9x2 + 36x + 36)(3x + 6)= (27x3 + 162x2 + 324x + 216) inches3

(2x + 6 + 6)(x + 6 + 6) = (2x + 12)(x + 12)= 2x2 + 24x + 12x + 144 = (2x2 + 36x + 144) ft2

x ft

6 ft

6 ft

6 ft

6 ft

2x ft

14

Lesson

1.1.1

Guided Practice


6.2.3

Solution follows…

Use the rectangular prism shown to answer these questions.

9. Find the volume of the prism.

10. Find the surface area of the prism.

11. If the height of the prism was reduced by 10%, what would be the new volume of the prism?

(2x + 3)(3x – 1)(x + 7) = (6x2 + 7x – 3)(x + 7) = (6x3 + 49x2 + 46x – 21) ft3

2(2x + 3)(x + 7) + 2(3x – 1)(2x + 3) + 2(x + 7)(3x – 1)= (4x2 + 34x + 42) + (12x2 + 14x – 6) + (6x2 + 40x – 14) = (22x2 + 88x + 22) ft2

(2x + 3) ft

(3x – 1) ft

(x + 7) ft

The volume of the new prism would be 90% of the volume of the old prism.0.9 × (6x3 + 49x2 + 46x – 21) = (5.4x3 + 44.1x2 + 41.4x – 18.9) ft3

15


Independent Practice

Solution follows…

Topic

6.2.3

Expand and simplify the following.

1. (3y + 5)3

2. (2y – 1)3

3. The area of a parallelogram is given by the formula A = bh, where b is the length of the base and h is the height of the parallelogram.

Find the area of a parallelogram that has a base length of (2x2 + 3x – 1) cm and a height of (3x – 1) cm.

8y3 – 12y2 + 6y – 1

27y3 + 135y2 + 225y + 125

(6x3 + 7x2 – 6x + 1) cm2

16



Solution follows…

Topic

6.2.3

4. A gardener wants to put a walkway around her garden, as shown on the right.

What is the area of the walkway?

5. Obike made a box from a 10 inch by 9 inch piece of cardboard by cutting squares of x units from each of the four corners.

Find the volume of his box.

(14x2 + 16x) ft2

(4x3 – 38x2 + 90x) in3

9 in

ches

10 inches

x x

x x

x

x

x

x

(7x + 3) feet

(2x + 5) feet

xx

xx x

x

xx

17



Solution follows…

Topic

6.2.3

6. Find the volume of the solid shown.

7. Find the volume of another triangular prism that has the same base measurements as the one above but a height 25% less than the height shown above.

( x3 + 7x2 + 32x + 48) ft312

( x3 + x2 + 24x + 36) ft338 4

21

(x + 4) ft(x + 6) ft

(x + 4) ft

18

Topic

6.2.3

Round UpRound Up


For problems involving area, you’ll have to multiply two terms or polynomials together.

For problems involving volume, you’ll have to multiply three terms or polynomials.

1 topic 6.2.3 polynomial multiplication — area and volume polynomial multiplication — area and...

Documents