Slide 1

1. Three Kinds of Memory 2. Three Processes of Memory 3. Three Stages of Memory 4. Forgetting and Memory Improvement Chapter 7: Memory

Slide 2

Bell Work: Chapter 7 Section 1 Get books/folders 1 st Ten Minutes 1. Read All of Pg. 153 2. Think of some general knowledge, experiences, and skills you hold in your memory a) List some skills you have, something you remember learning from Grade school, and some huge event you remember! b) We will create a class list and categorize them later 3. Task #1 a) Write down all the T/F on pg. 154 with a space underneath each statement to be fixed later on

Slide 3

Task #2: Quiet 10 Minutes In your Journal Write down the overall Question of Section 1 Then apply your PQ4R skills of Previewing and asking questions about your reading of Section 1 Hint: There should be 5 Questions...... The 1 st should be What is Memory The 2 nd should be What are the three kinds of memory You should be able to figure out the 3 other questions as well as answers by applying the 4 Rs (Read, Reflect, Recite, Review)

Slide 4

What is Memory Memory is the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills leaned in the past There a 3 KINDS OF MEMORY Episodic Memory Generic Memory Procedural Memory

Slide 5

What is episodic memory Episodic Memory is the memory of a specific event. Event that took place in the persons presence, or the person experienced the event Flashbulb Memory Recalling events in great detail Some episodic memories are so intense that its as if we photographed many of the details Knowing exactly where you were when 9/11 happen is an example of this

Slide 6

What is Generic Memory? Generic Memory is the general knowledge that people remember Not really focused on when info was acquired Examples Who freed the slaves? Who is the president of the U.S? Name the capital of Nebraska

Slide 7

What is Procedural Memory? Procedural Memory consists of skills, or procedures, you have learned Examples: Riding a bike, Throwing a ball, Classroom rules/procedures

Slide 8

Lesson Closing Task #3 Copy down Chart on board into columns titled Episodic, Generic, and Procedural Memory Place the events listed into appropriate columns Task #4 Complete Thinking bout Psychology; pg. 155

Slide 9

Bell Work Get Books/Folders Task #1: Answer the 1 st True/False Turn to Task #4 Go over Answers to Thinking bout Psych

Slide 10

Activity Look at these Numbers for 30 Sec. Try and memorize them using any means necessary other than writing them down OTTFFSSENT

Slide 11

Task #5: PQ4R Section 2 Only Form the Questions as you will look back to use this for review Question 1: What are the 3 Processes of Memory? Question 2: What is encoding? What makes it up? Question 3: ?? Question 4: ?? Leave a line under each to possibly answer them!

Slide 12

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? Encoding Storage Retrieval What makes up each?

Slide 13

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Encoding Translation of information into a form it can be stored Changing physical stimulation received into psychological formats via Codes.

Slide 14

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Storage? 2 nd Process of memory Maintenance of encoded information over a period of time Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Org. Systems Filing Errors

Slide 15

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Retrieval? Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought Context-Dependent State-Dependent Tip-o-Tongue

Slide 16

Lesson Closing Get w/ 9 oclock partners Designate one partner the Memory and the other person the Information Information person will have information that will need to be given in 2 of the 3 types of codes (semantic, acoustic, visual) Memory will then be presented with the information a couple of times and then have to recall them in front of the class

Slide 17

Visual/Acoustic/Semantic Codes Visual Attempts to keep a mental picture as the memory Acoustic Repeating information many times Attempting to record information as a sequence of sounds Semantic Trying to figure out what the information might mean Attempting to represent the information in terms of its meaning? Can you Remember the Letters from before? 1

Slide 18

Storage Maintenance Rehearsal Repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it Think Practice, rehearsal, review work, etc Elaborative Rehearsal Making it meaningful by relating it to information already well known Using vocab. Words in sentences, L-J vocab is an example of this Org. Systems Organizing information into classes/groups as our knowledge expands and grows Filing Errors We often mislabel when storing our information much like that of losing things like papers, CDs, computer files (forgot where saved!) 2

Slide 19

Retrieval Context Memories that come back to you in that place Memory is b/c of the situation in which the person 1 st had the experience Think of Sayings/Rituals you may do in sports/activities May only be recalled later in life by re-visitation State Memories retrieved b/c the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated Happy feelings = Happy memories : Sad = Sad Tip-o-tongue Read Tip of Tongue pg. 160; often use semantic/acoustic codes 3

Slide 20

Bell Work Task #6 Thinking about Psychology (pg. 160) Go back and answer the 2 nd T/F of Task #1 (pg.157) Task #7 PQ4R Section 3: Question 1: What are the three stages of memory? Question 2: What is Sensory Memory? What makes it up? Question 3: ? Question 4: ?

Slide 21

Memory!!!?!?!?!?!?? Look at figure 7.1 on pg. 154; right down the words from it on the top of your notes, do not draw them! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuvF113uty4

Slide 22

What are the 3 Stages of Memory?

Slide 23

Stages of Memory: Copy this down!

Slide 24

What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Sensory Memory? 1 st Stage of Memory Immediate, initial recording of information through our senses Mental pictures we take from visual stimuli are called Icons

Slide 25

What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Short Term Memory? Also called Working Memory Whenever you are thinking of something, met a new person, acquire new knowledge you attempt to remember it is here

Slide 26

What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Long Term Memory 3 rd /Final Stage Taking certain steps to store it there Repetition is key!! Maintenance and Elaborative Capacity of Memory Memory as Reconstructive Schemas

Slide 27

Lesson Closing Revisit Task #1 Answer T/F #3 from pg. 161 Task #8 Pg.165: Read/Answer Psychology in the World Today HW for tomorrow (Worksheet) Completion Grade on everything but Ways to Improve and Forgetting

Slide 28

Iconic/Eidetic/Echoic Memory Iconic Memory Like Snapshots, just a fraction of a second Eidetic Memory Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time Think Photographic Memory Echoic Memory Mental traces of sounds Held longer, and easier to remember than visual codes Saying things aloud or to yourself makes them easier 1

Slide 29

Primacy/Recency/Chunking/Interf. Primacy Effect Tendency to recall initial items in a series of items Remembering the 1 st things Recency Effect Tendency to recall last items in a series Chunking Organization of items into manageable or familiar unit. Think of OTTFFSSENT easier to remember as O TT FF SS ENT; here its 5 chunks before 10 letters Interference Occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes place of what was already there 2

Slide 30

Capacity/Reconstructive/Schemas Capacity of Memory Can hold the equivalent of vast numbers of videos/films of our lifetime of experience; more likely to remember things that make an impact on us and are paying close attention to Memory as Reconstructive Memories are not recorded and played back just like Videos but instead RECONSTRUCTED according to the personal and individual ways we view the world Schemas Mental representations that we form the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge are called schemas 3

Slide 31

Bell Work Turn in Movie Projects right away!! Task #9 Complete Thinking about Psychology (pg. 166) Go over answers to Task #6 Completion Check of HW from yesterday

Slide 32

Task #10 PQ4R Section 4 Question 1: What is Forgetting and Memory Improvement Question 2: ? Question 3: ? Question 4: ? Question 5: ? Question 6: ?

Slide 33

What is forgetting and Memory Imp.? Forgetting can occur at any of the three stages of memory Sensory Short-term Long-term Sensory can be forgotten almost immediately Short term could after 10-12 seconds unless you find a way to transfer it to long term (Think Dan and phone #) Long term memory forgetting often occurs b/c memory is recalled incorrectly or is mixed up w/ new information

Slide 34

3 Basic Tasks: Recognition, Recall, and Relearning Recognition (Read 1 st paragraph pg. 168) Identifying objects or events that have been encountered before What are the easiest types of tests? Forgetting defined as failure to recognize something encountered Recall To Bring it back in to mind, trying to reconstruct it in your mind Forgetting much easier, if in short term memory forgetting gradually decreases w/time but still decreases Re-Learning Not remembering things once learned, but relearning can often be rapid Think Math problems/formulas

Slide 35

Different Kinds of Forgetting Forgetting often attributed to interference or decay Decay Fading away of memory Similar to a burning out candle

Slide 36

Extreme forms of Memory Loss Repression Memories that may be so painful or unpleasant that they are forgotten to help protect us from anxiety Amnesia Severe memory loss caused by brain injury, shock, fatigue, etc. Infantile: Memory loss before age 3 Anterograde: Memory loss from trauma that prevents forming new memories Retrograde: Memory loss leading up to a traumatic event: Concussions=exmample

Slide 37

Improving Memory MEMORY CAN BE IMPROVED Drill and Practice: Transfer from SM to STM to LTM Relate to knowledge (Elaborative) Form unusual Associations Read aloud Section Construct Links bt items Mnemonic Devices Systems for remembering information Chunking, acronyms, jingles

Slide 38

Lesson Closing Quietly read through review on pg. 174 Believe me this will greatly help your comprehension As you do this be looking at Tasks (2,5,7, and 10) Complete Review (Due Monday in class) Terms/Concepts 1-10 Critical Review 1-6 TEST TUESDAY!! REVIEW MONDAY