1.The number of Hispanic Operated Farms is increasing faster than other demographic groups. 3.The rate of increase of Hispanic farms continues to rise.2. Average acres per farm operated by Hispanics are higher than the U.S. average and other demographic groups.4.The percentage of operator-owned land by Hispanics has risen above that of the US.5. Average sales for Hispanic Operated Farms increased faster than most groups. (Note: 80% of the Other race category are Hispanics) Hispanics have a higher proportion of Very Large farms . Hispanics have a higher proportion of Very Small farms. 8.The number of Hispanic operators with less than five years on the present farm has increased. Many Hispanic operators have not been on the farm long enough to establish long-term relationships with USDA personnel.12. The share of high-value specialty crops (fruit, tree nuts, etc.) was much higher than for U.S. farms. This helps explain high sales per farms for Hispanics. Some of the low USDA program participation may be attributed to the fact that only 12% of Hispanic farmers specialized in traditional commodity crops such as corn and grain.10. USDA program participation among Hispanics is low.11. But Hispanic Participation in USDA programs is increasing steadily.9. In the 1990s, the number of Hispanic farms outside the border region increased and the geographic distribution of Hispanic farms transformed from a regional to a national phenomenon. The number of counties with Hispanic Farms increased from 589 counties in 1982 to 1,775 counties in 1997. (Based on published Ag. Census counts. Counties with less than three Hispanic farms may be showed as zero.)Twelve Trends of Hispanic Operated Farms .By David Buland and Fen Hunt, USDA/NRCS EconomistsYears on Present FarmPercentage Change in # Farms compared with the previous census.References:Census of Agriculture, 1978, 1982, 1987, & 1992. Bureau of Census, www.census.govCensus of Agriculture, 1997. USDA-NASS. http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/ Dismukes, Robert, 1997. Characteristics and Risk Management Needs of Limited-Resource and Socially Disadvantaged Farmers. USDA-Economic Research Service, Agriculture Information Bulletin, No. 733. www.ers.usda.gov/epubs/pdf/aib733/index.htm Durand, J., D.S. Massey, & F. Charvet, 2000. The Changing Geography of Mexican Immigration to the United States: 1910-1996. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 81(1), University of Texas. Effland, A.B.W., and K. Kassel, 1998. Hispanics in Rural America: The Influence of Immigration and Language on Economic Well-Being. In Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Rural Areas: Progress and Stagnation, 1980-1990, L.L. Swanson, ed., USDA-ERS, Ag. Ec. Report No. 731. www.ers.usda.gov/epubs/pdf/aer731/AER731h.PDF Effland, A.B.W., R.A. Hoppe, & P.R. Cook, 1998. Minority & Women Farmers in the U.S. In Agricultural Outlook, USDA-ERS, AGO-251www.ers.usda.gov/epubs/pdf/agout/may98/ao251d.pdfFimmen, Carol, Burton Witthuhn, Jeff Crump, Michael Brunn, Gloria Delaney-Barmann, Debi Riggins, Maria Gutierrez, Dan Schabilion, and Britta Watters, 1998. A Spatial Study of the Mobility of Hispanics in Illinois and the Implications for Educational Institutions. Julian Samora Research Institute, Working Paper #43. http://www.jsri.msu.edu/RandS/research/wps/wp43.pdf Gutierrez P. and J. Eckert, 1991. Contrasts and Commonalities: Hispanic and Anglo Farming in Conejos County, Colorado. Rural Sociology, Vol. 56(2), pp. 247-263. Huffman, W.E., and J.A. Miranowski, 1996. Immigration, Meat Packing, and Trade: Implication for Iowa. Iowa State University, Staff Paper #285. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/isu/isu285.pdf Kraft, S., 1993. Pilot Study of Limited Resource Farm Operators in Southern Illinois: Alexander and Pulaski Counties Final Report. Submitted to the Illinois State Office of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the Shawnee Resource Conservation Development Council. Mountjoy, D.C., 1995. Outreach Efforts: The Elkhorn Slough. Small Farm News, University of California at Davis. Mountjoy D.C., 1996. Ethnic Diversity and the Patterned Adoption of Soil Conservation in the Strawberry Hills of Monterey, California. Society & Natural Resources, 9:339-357. Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1996. Process for Identifying Limited Resource Farmers and Ranchers. Social Sciences Institute, Technical Report, Release 2.1. http://people.nrcs.wisc.edu/SocSciInstitute/limitedframe.htm Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1997. Working with Asian and Hispanic Limited Resource Farmers and Ranchers. Social Sciences Institute, Technical Report, Release 4.1. http://people.nrcs.wisc.edu/SocSciInstitute/working_with_frames.htm Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1998. Conservation in the 1996 Farm Bill: Social Factors Influencing Program Implementation. Social Sciences Institute. Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1999. Social and Economic Data Access Web Site. Social Sciences Institute. http://people.nrcs.wisc.edu/SocSciInstitute/socanthrSoftData.htm Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2000. Performance and Results Measurement System Parity Report. Strategic and Performance Planning Division. http://calais.itc.nrcs.usda.gov/prmsproducts Perry, J., with B. Hoppe, et. al., 1998. Small Farms in the U.S. In Agricultural Outlook, USDA-Economic Research Service, AGO-251. http://www.ers.usda.gov/epubs/pdf/agout/may98/ao251e.pdf Rochin, R.I., 1989. The Changing Nature of American Agriculture and Its Impact on Hispanic Farm Labor: Topics for Research and Analysis. Michigan State University, Working Paper No. 3. http://www.jsri.msu.edu/RandS/research/wps/wp03abs.html Rogers, Carolyn C., 2000. Aege and Family Structure, by Race/Ethnicity and Place of Residence, Rural Minority Trends and Progress. In Rural Minority Trends and Progress, USDA-Economic Research Service, AGO-731. http://www.ers.usda.gov/epubs/pdf/aer731/AER731d.PDF

Figure 1617

STITEM_STTEXT_ST.TEXTF97D97F92D92F87D87F82D82Corrected 92 Data1.TEXT

001600001Tenure of operator: All operators, all farms (farms)19118591925300208775902240976All farms, all operators (farms)

001600002Tenure of operator: All operators, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)476584348744640054367Black & other races@1: (farms)

001600003Tenure of operator: All operators, all farms (acres)9317952559455315069644706250986796579All farms, all operators (acres)

001600004Tenure of operator: All operators, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)587385575524102451974575052910625Black & other races@1: (acres)

001600005Tenure of operator: All operators, harvested cropland, all farms (farms)14106061491786164363301809756All farms, harvested cropland (farms)

001600006Tenure of operator: All operators, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)311122982130940040294Black & other races@1: harvested cropland (farms)

001600007Tenure of operator: All operators, harvested cropland, all farms (acres)3093954752959369762822238800326306462All farms, harvested cropland (acres)

001600008Tenure of operator: All operators, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)30318472579292225649202861357Black & other races@1: harvested cropland (acres)

001600009Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, all farms (farms)11468911111738123854701325773All farms, full owners (farms)

001600010Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)293972666528407033965Black & other races@1: full owners (farms)

001600011Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, all farms (acres)3160445482962420763177871490342448434All farms, full owners (acres)

001600012Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)464350924465770543553565042175419Black & other races@1: full owners (acres)

001600013Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, harvested cropland, all farms (farms)7555407833538912880985976All farms, full owners, harvested cropland (farms)

001600014Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)177261694518108023243Black & other races@1: full owners, harv cropland (farms)

001600015Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, harvested cropland, all farms (acres)664692926103327967278104086861630All farms, full owners, harvested cropland (acres)

001600016Tenure of operator: All operators, full owners, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)11272048713637809960986361Black & other races@1: full owners, harv cropland (acres)

001600017Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, all farms (farms)5738395966576090120656249All farms, part owners (farms)

001600018Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)11472105939996013093Black & other races@1: part owners (farms)

001600019Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, all farms (acres)5076733445266120125198145230530703476All farms, part owners (acres)

001600020Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)101107407840760637553109350836Black & other races@1: part owners (acres)

001600021Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, harvested cropland, all farms (farms)5069045335655523720603083All farms, part owners, harvested cropland (farms)

001600022Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)856081438050011164Black & other races@1: part owners, harv cropland (farms)

001600023Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, harvested cropland, all farms (acres)1971132631864486751687189300193219488All farms, part owners, harvested cropland (acres)

001600024Tenure of operator: All operators, part owners, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)14134301223607101770401407216Black & other races@1: part owners, harv cropland (acres)

001600025Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, all farms (farms)1911292169052402000258954All farms, tenants (farms)

001600026Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)67896229623707309Black & other races@1: tenants (farms)

001600027Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, all farms (acres)1080773631226774181268689530113644669All farms, tenants (acres)

001600028Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)21927252742559204547901384370Black & other races@1: tenants (acres)

001600029Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, harvested cropland, all farms (farms)1481621748681999730220697All farms, tenants, harvested cropland (farms)

001600030Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (farms)48264733478205887Black & other races@1: tenants, harv cropland (farms)

001600031Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, harvested cropland, all farms (acres)458129204845502246226846046225344All farms, tenants, harvested cropland (acres)

001600032Tenure of operator: All operators, tenants, harvested cropland, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)4912134843224577920467780Black & other races@1: tenants, harv cropland (acres)

001600033Tenure of operator: Percent of tenancy, all farms (percent)1011.311.5012All farms, tenancy (%)

001600034Tenure of operator: Percent of tenancy, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (percent)14.214.314013Black & other races@1: tenancy (%)

001600035Operators by place of residence: On farm operated, all farms13617661378701148793701581101All farms, residence, on farm (operators)

001600036Operators by place of residence: On farm operated, farms operated by Black and other races@1279992561426412031597Black & other races@1: residence, on farm (operators)

001600037Operators by place of residence: Not on farm operated, all farms4125544085604426130429322All farms, residence, not on farm (operators)

001600038Operators by place of residence: Not on farm operated, farms operated by Black and other races@1153131361713382014132Black & other races@1: residence, not on farm (operators)

001600039Operators by place of residence: Not reported, all farms1375391380391572090230553All farms, residence, not reported (operators)

001600040Operators by place of residence: Not reported, farms operated by Black and other races@143464256484608638Black & other races@1: residence, not reported (operators)

001600041Operators by principal occupation: Farming, all farms9615601053150113817901234787All farms, occupation, farming (operators)

001600042Operators by principal occupation: Farming, farms operated by Black and other races@1215842089721376026387Black & other races@1: occupation, farming (operators)

001600043Operators by principal occupation: Other, all farms95029987215094958001006189All farms, occupation, other (operators)

001600044Operators by principal occupation: Other, farms operated by Black and other races@1260742259023264027980Black & other races@1: occupation, other (operators)

001600045Operators by days worked off farm: None, all farms7552548018818444760861798All farms, days worked off farm, none (operators)

001600046Operators by days worked off farm: None, farms operated by Black and other races@1165211598916329019077Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, none (operator)

001600047Operators by days worked off farm: Any, all farms1042158992773111556001187374All farms, days worked off farm, any (operators)

001600048Operators by days worked off farm: Any, farms operated by Black and other races@1277892382125002029487Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, any (operators)

001600049Operators by days worked off farm: 1 to 49 days, all farms1076801104371351160156421All farms, days worked off farm, 1-49 (operators)

001600050Operators by days worked off farm: 1 to 49 days, farms operated by Black and other races@129602675308603458Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, 1-49 (operator)

001600051Operators by days worked off farm: 50 to 99 days, all farms572775474364915067312All farms, days worked off farm, 50-99 (operators)

001600052Operators by days worked off farm: 50 to 99 days, farms operated by Black and other races@120091720198702327Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, 50-99 (oper)

001600053Operators by days worked off farm: 100 to 149 days, all farms612686010070622074300All farms, days worked off farm, 100-149 (operators)

001600054Operators by days worked off farm: 100 to 149 days, farms operated by Black and other races@121391920207202519Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, 100-149 (oper)

001600055Operators by days worked off farm: 150 to 199 days, all farms1066541019231077010114497All farms, days worked off farm, 150-199 (operators)

001600056Operators by days worked off farm: 150 to 199 days, farms operated by Black and other races@131892827282403427Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, 150-199 (oper)

001600057Operators by days worked off farm: 200 days or more, all farms7092796655707372060774844All farms, days worked off farm, 200 or more (operators)

001600058Operators by days worked off farm: 200 days or more, farms operated by Black and other races@1174921467915033017756Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, 200+ (operator)

001600059Operators by days worked off farm: Not reported, all farms1144471306461277230191804All farms, days worked off farm, not reported (operators)

001600060Operators by days worked off farm: Not reported, farms operated by Black and other races@133483677330905803Black & other races@1: days worked off farm, not rptd (oper)

001600061Operators by years on present farm: 2 years or less, all farms92574947111135540127176All farms, operators: years this farm =10 stckhldr (farms)

001600123Type of organization: Corporation, family held: More than 10 stockholders, all farms (acres)999999399241497730867012193725All farms, corporation, family >10 stockholder (acres)

001600124Type of organization: Corporation, family held: More than 10 stockholders, farms operated by Black and other races@1 (acres)370626979344902089857Black & other races@1: corp, family >10 stckhldr (acres)

001600125Type of organization: Corporation, family held: 10 or less stockholders, all farms (farms)743086275559599050842All farms, corporation, family =10 stckhldr (acres)

001600133Type of organization: Corporation, other than family held: 10 or less stockholders, all farms (farms)68706914537905997All farms, corporation, not family =