1 the emerging role of the roof in a sustainable world dr. james l. hoff research director craig...
TRANSCRIPT
1
The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World
Dr. James L. HoffResearch Director
Craig SilvertoothExecutive Director
2Few Major Building Systems Offer As Many Energy & Environmental Benefits…
… And Few Major Building Systems Are Installed as Frequently as Roofs!
The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World
Why Sustainable Roofing?
3
The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World
Energy / Environmental Benefits
Increased Energy Efficiency
Clean Energy Production
Cleaner Air & Water
Reduced Material Waste
Extended Building Life Cycle
4
1 Billion Sq. Ft.
3 Billion Sq. Ft.
New Construction
Re-Roofing North American Low-Slope Roofing Market
(Billions of Square Feet, 2006)
Each year, 4 billion square feet of commercial roofs are installed in North America, exceeding new commercial construction by a factor of 4!
The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World
The Roofing Multiplier Effect
Source: TEGNOS Research, Inc. 2008
51. High R Roofs
2. Cool Roofs
3. Rooftop Energy Production
4. Roof Daylighting
5. Rooftop Water Management
6. Roofing Material Management
7. Roof Life Cycle Management
The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World
Sustainable Roofing Opportunities
Energy
Environment
7
High R Roofs
What is a High R Roof?
“A High R Roof is a roof that provides a level of thermal resistance (R) substantially higher than current minimum standards and practices.”
Center For Environmental Innovation In Roofing
Knowledge Center( http://roofknowledge.org/main/energyefficientroofs/highrroofs/whatisahighrroof )
8
High R Roofs
Why High R Roofs?
Globally:
Locally:
• Most effective way to reduce green house gas emissions between now and 2030
• Increasing federal, state & local incentives available
• Established economic payback
9
ASHRAEClimate
Zone
1234567
“Old” ASHRAE 90.1 -1999
10151515152025
“New”ASHRAE
90.1 - 2007
15202020202530
TypicalCity
Example
MiamiHoustonAtlanta
BaltimoreChicago
MilwaukeeMinneapolis
Minimum R-Values:
Low-Slope Commercial Roof Insulation
High R Roofs
Current ASHRAE Minimum Standards
First major increase in roof R values since 1972…
“Proposed”ASHRAE 189.1P1
20252525253035
… with more increases to follow soon
1 Third public review draft, May, 2009.
10
High R Roofs
R-Value & LEED
ASHRAE 90.1-2007LEED 2009 Minimum**
13579
1113151719
Energy SavingsTarget
Baseline10%
12%16%20%24%28%32%36%40%44%48%
ProportionalRoof R-Value*
20.022.2
22.723.825.026.327.829.431.333.335.738.5
Source: Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing. Note: Chart is applicable for buildings within ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5 - from Houston, Texas to Chicago, Illinois. Target energy savings and proportional roof insulation R-values will be lower in Zone 1 and higher in Zones 6 and 7. For a detailed analysis of a specific building in a specific location, ASHRAE 90.1-2007 should be consulted.
LEED 2009 (v3)
New Building Energy Savings Targets(ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5)
* Roof R-Value Needed to Achieve Proportional Energy Savings **Minimum LEED 2009 (v3) Prerequisite
ProportionalRoof U-Value*
0.0500.045
0.0440.0420.0400.0380.0360.0340.0320.0300.0280.026
LEED Points
Available:
(EA Credit 1)
11
High R Roofs
R-Value & LEED
ASHRAE 90.1-2007LEED 2009 Minimum**
13579
1113151719
Energy SavingsTarget
Baseline5%
10%12%16%20%24%28%32%36%40%44%
ProportionalRoof R-Value*
20.021.1
22.222.723.825.026.327.829.431.333.335.7
Source: Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing. Note: Chart is applicable for buildings within ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5 - from Houston, Texas to Chicago, Illinois. Target energy savings and proportional roof insulation R-values will be lower in Zone 1 and higher in Zones 6 and 7. For a detailed analysis of a specific building in a specific location, ASHRAE 90.1-2007 should be consulted.
LEED 2009 (v3)
Existing Building Energy Savings Targets(ASHRAE Climate Zones 2 through 5)
* Roof R-Value Needed to Achieve Proportional Energy Savings **Minimum LEED 2009 (v3) Prerequisite
ProportionalRoof U-Value*
0.0500.045
0.0440.0420.0400.0380.0360.0340.0320.0300.0280.026
LEED Points
Available:
(EA Credit 1)
13“A cool roof interacts with solar radiation to reduce solar heat transfer from the roof into the building and reduce ambient air temperatures above the roof surface.”
Center For Environmental Innovation In Roofing
Knowledge Center(http://roofknowledge.org/main/energyefficientroofs/coolroofs/whatisacoolroof)
Cool Roofs
What is a Cool Roof?
14
Cool Roofs
Why Cool Roofs?
• Building Energy Savings
• Heat Island Reduction
• Peak Electricity Reduction
Atlanta, GA
Standard Rate: Summer Peak Rate:
$ $$$
1972 1993
15
Cool Roofs
Where are Cool Roofs Useful?
• In climates with warm, sunny summers
• In areas considered Urban Heat Islands
• In areas with increased peak electricity rates, demand charges, and interruptible supply agreements
16
Cool Roofs
Cool Roofing Options
Cool Vegetated
Roofs
Reducing Heat Build-Up By Reflecting the
Sun’s Rays
Cool Reflective
Roofs
A Traditional Alternative Using Transpiration & Thermal Mass
LEED 2009 Cool Roofing Options1
1 LEED SS Credit 7.2
17
Cool Roofs
Cool Roofing Options
Cool Reflective Cool Vegetated
+ Variety of material and color options
+ Little or no initial cost premium
– May lose some reflectivity with age
+ Potential environmental benefits in addition to cool roofing
– Increased weight and depth requirements
– Cost premium
LEED 2009 Cool Roofing Options1
1 LEED SS Credit 7.2
19
Rooftop Energy
Why Rooftop Energy?
• Direct Access to Sun and Wind• Low Cost “Energy Real Estate”• Close to the Customer / Close to the Grid• Expanded Federal, State & Local Incentives• Rapidly Approaching “Grid Parity”
20
Rooftop Energy
Current Technologies
• Photovoltaics (PV)
• Solar Thermal
• Combined PV / Solar Thermal
• Roof-Mounted Wind Turbines
22
Roof Daylighting
Why Roof Daylighting?
• Easy to install or retrofit in typical low-rise commercial buildings
• Proven energy savings / high return on investment when integrated with building lighting system
• Increasing federal, state & local incentives available
23
Roof Daylighting
Current Technologies
Passive Systems Capture, Reflect &
Direct Daylight
Active Systems
Follow the Sun to Maximize
Sunlight Capture
Integrated Systems Combine Solar and
Electric Lighting in an Integrated Package
25
Rooftop Water Management
Why Rooftop Water Management?
• Reduced storm water runoff
• Improved water quality in rivers and lakes
Cities with Combined Sewer Systems
Combined sewer system are remnants of the country's early infrastructure and so are typically found in older communities. Combined sewer systems serve roughly 772 communities , home to over 40 million US citizens.
26
Rooftop Water Management
Water Management Options
Vegetated Options Ballasted Options
Retaining Storm Water Runoff with Planting Media &
Moisture Retention Mats
Retaining Storm Water Runoff with Moisture
Retention Mats
… Plus Hybrid Vegetated / Ballasted Options
Combining the best of both alternatives
27
Rooftop Water Management
Water Management Options
Vegetated Ballasted Hybrid
+ Possible LEED credits (SS Credits 6.1 & 6.2)
+ LEED cool roof credit (SS credit 7.2)
– Cost premium
+ Opportunity to optimize economics & benefits
+ LEED cool roof credit for 50% vegetated
+ Possible LEED credit (SS Credits 6.1)
+ Low initial cost
29
Roofing Material Management
Why Roofing Material Management?
• 160 Million Tons Of Construction Waste
• 40 Million Tons of Roofing Waste • 25%+ of Total Construction Waste
Annual U.S. Landfill Waste
Source: US EPA (1998)
30
Roofing Material Management
Current Recycling Options
• Asphalt Shingles / Wood Shakes: Local and regional recyclers are developing roof recycling programs.
• Single-Plies: Several roofing manufacturers and trade associations have initiated recycling programs for some single-ply membranes.
• Metal Roofing: The metal industries have well-established recycling programs.
• Insulation: A new organization has started a successful national recycling program for foam insulation boards
32
Sustainable Roofing Opportunities
Roof Life Cycle Management
• Roof Asset Management
• Preventative Maintenance Programs
Not only extend the roof life cycle, but the life cycle of the entire building
33
The Emerging Role of the Roof in a Sustainable World
Sustainable Roofing Resources
• Online Energy Calculators
• Federal, State & Local Energy Incentives
• Federal Stimulus Project Resources
• Cool Roofing Resources
• Renewable Energy & Daylighting Resources
• Vegetated Roofs / Water Management Resources
• Roof Recycling Resources
• Roof Life Cycle Management Resources
34
• High R Insulation & Energy Savings
– NRCA “EnergyWise” (http://energywise.specright.net/)
– Calculates roof energy costs per ASHRAE 90.1
– Allows comparison between roofing alternatives
– Provides printable summary with charts & graphs
• Cool Roofing & Energy Savings
– DOE Cool Roofing Calculator (http://www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/facts/CoolCalcEnergy.htm)
– Calculates annual heating / cooling savings for cool roofs
– Allows comparison between roofing alternatives
– “CoolPeak” option for areas with peak demand charges
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Online Energy Calculators
35
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Federal, State & Local Energy Incentives
• Federal Tax Incentives Assistance Project
– http://www.energytaxincentives.org/
– Information on Commercial Building Energy Efficiency Tax Deduction
– Information on Solar Energy Investment Tax Credit
• Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency
– http://www.dsireusa.org/
– Covers both energy efficiency & renewable energy incentives
– Includes state and local programs, including utilities
• Green Roofs Tree of Knowledge
– http://greenroofs.org/grtok/index.php
– Covers community incentives for vegetated roofing systems
36
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Federal Stimulus Information
• Construction Stimulus Special Section
– http://www.construction.com/stimulus/default.asp
– Information by market sector (Federal buildings, state projects, local schools)
– Sponsored by McGraw Hill
• Federal Stimulus Construction Project Leads
– http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/construction-project-leads/infrastructure/
– Free downloadable regional reports
– Sponsored by Reed Construction Data
37
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Cool Roofs
• Cool Roof Rating Council
– http://www.coolroofs.org
– Third-party certifier of cool reflective roof ratings
– Resource for cool reflective roofing standards & incentives
• Energy Star Roof Program
– http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roof_prods.pr_roof_products
– Home of EPA Energy Star cool roofing product registry
• LBL Heat Island Group
– http://eetd.lbl.gov/heatisland/
– Resource for heat island / cool roofing research
38
• Interstate Renewable Energy Council
– http://www.irecusa.org/
• U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energies Technology Program
– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/
• Whole Building Design Guide: Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
– http://www.wbdg.org/resources/bipv.php
• Daylighting Collaborative
– http://www.daylighting.org
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Renewable Energy & Daylighting
39
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Vegetated Roofs / Water Management
• Penn State Center for Green Roof Research– http://hortweb.cas.psu.edu/research/greenroofcenter
• Green Roofs for Healthy Cities– http://www.greenroofs.org
• NRCA Green Roof Systems Manual– http://www.nrca.net
40
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Roof Recycling • Construction Waste Management Database
– Sponsored by Whole Building Design Guide
– National database with state and local sources by material
– (http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php?c=6)
• Foam Insulation Recycling– Nationwide Foam (http://www.nationwidefoam.com/)
• Single-Ply Roof Recycling– Vinyl Roofing Division, CFFA (http://www.vinylroofs.org/)
– EPDM Roofing Association (http://epdmroofs.org)
• Metal Roof Recycling– Metal Construction Association (http://www.metalconstruction.org/)
• Asphalt Shingle & Wood Shake Recycling– American Roofing Recyclers (http://www.roofingrecyclers.com )
41
Sustainable Roofing Resources
Roof Life Cycle Management
• Whole Building Design Guide
– Building Commissioning
– Facilities Operation & Maintenance
– http://www.wbdg.org/index.php
• National Roofing Contractors Association Inspection Manuals
– Built-Up and Modified Bitumen Roofing Systems
– Existing Single-Ply Roofing Systems
– Spray Polyurethane Foam-Based Roofing Systems
– Steep-Slope & Low-Slope Architectural Metal Panel Roof Assemblies
– http://www.nrca.net
WBDGWHOLE BUILDING DESIGN GUIDE