1 take out clickers: “go 41 go” -or- “ch 41 ch” and calculators next lecture:friday, dec....
TRANSCRIPT
1
Take out CLICKERS: “GO 41 GO” -or- “CH 41 CH” and CALCULATORS
NEXT LECTURE: Friday, Dec. 11; Review for FINAL EXAM
HOMEWORK #15: Ch. 11: # 2, 6, 16, 26, 54, 62 Due in Recitation, Tomorrow
QUIZ #16: WebCT (On-Line): Wednesday-Friday (Dec. 9-11)Chapter 11 material
COURSE EVALUATIONS: On-Line (WebCT); 3 Bonus Points possible…
FINAL EXAM: Monday, December 14, 7-9 PM
Chemistry 177December 9, 2009
2
Structures of Solids: Metals and Ionic Salts
Sphere Packings: 3D
Hexagonally Closest Packed (HCP)
A
B
A
B
(Mg, Sc, Ti, Zn)
Cubic Closest Packed (CCP = FCC)
A
B
C
A
(Al, Ca, Ni, Cu)
ROTATEFCC = Face-Centered Cubic:
(Unit Cell)
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
3
Unit Cells: Counting Atoms
# Atoms/Unit Cell =
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
4
Unit Cells: Counting Atoms
Face-Centered Cubic Body-Centered Cubic
# Atoms Inside =# Atoms on Faces =# Atoms on Edges =# Atoms on Corners =
# Atoms/Cell =
# Atoms Inside =# Atoms on Faces =# Atoms on Edges =# Atoms on Corners =
# Atoms/Cell =
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
5
Unit Cells: Counting Atoms; Density
# Atoms Inside =# Atoms on Faces =# Atoms on Edges =# Atoms on Corners =
# Atoms/Cell =
542.86 pm
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
How many Si atoms are in the unit cell?
6
Unit Cells: Counting Atoms; Density
What is the density (g/cm3) of Si under normal conditions (T = 298 K, p = 1 atm)?
AW(Si) = 28.1 g/mol1 pm = 1010 cm
Mass of Si Atoms:
Volume of Unit Cell:
Density:
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
542.86 pm
7
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
Write the Balanced Chemical Equation for the following:
8
Liquid
Solid Gas
Supercritical Fluids
Different Solid Phases(a) Multiple Crystalline Phases(b) Amorphous(c) Magnetic, Superconducting
Phase: state of matter that is uniform throughout in both chemical constitutionand physical state. Two or more phases can coexist.
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
9
Phase Diagrams Graphical Representation of Equilibrium Behavior
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
Variables: T, p, x1, x2, …, xC
Mole Fractions of Components
1 Component: only T and p (x1 = 1)
Gibbs Phase Rule: Relationship between # Distinct Chemical Components (C) # Phases (P) # Independent Variables (F)
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
10
Phase Diagrams (Examples)
Source: http://www.cbu.edu/~mcondren/water-phase-diagram.jpg
H2O
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
11
Source: http://www.cbu.edu/~mcondren/CO2_phase_diagram.jpg
Phase Diagrams (Examples) CO2
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
12Source: http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/images/phasexp.gif
Phase Diagrams (Examples) H2O
Rank the forms of ice from lowest to highest DENSITY:
Ca. 104 atm(1 MPa = 9.869 atm)
(2000 atm)
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
13
IronPressure
13 GPa
Temperature1173 K 1660 K 1808 K
Liquid
1043KCurie Temperature
-Fe: 11.78 Å3
-Fe: 10.66 Å3
-Fe: 12.13 Å3
-Fe: 12.60 Å3
VolumeDecreases
Volume Increases
D.A. Young, Phase Diagrams of the Elements, 1976.
Phase Diagrams (Examples)
HCP
CCP
BCC
BCC
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
14
Critical Points
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE300.7C
Benzene (Tc = 308C)
309.2C
SUPERCRITICALFLUID
307.4C
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids