Sustainable Land Use; Restoration in Surface-Mine Land

Ma Thet Hnin Hnin SuDip.EIA/EMS- 1Mining Engineering Department, YTUPresentation – 1 (Second Semester)

December 30, 20151

LAND CLASSIFICATION..., (MYANMAR NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY- CHAPTER 2)

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Forest Land

Agricultural Land Other Lands…,

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Myanmar’s National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) 2012.

1. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources2. Integrated Economic Development, and3. Sustainable Social Development.

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Five steps; Create a suitable rooting medium for good tree

Loosely grade the topsoil or topsoil

Use ground covers

Plant two types of trees—early resistant species for wildlife and soil stability, commercially valuable crop trees

Use proper tree planting methods 3

CAUSES OF LAND DEGRADATION

Large scale soil erosion Dumption of waste water and materials Over Irrigation(salinity & alkalinity in the soil) Illegal Logging Increasing population Rate Poverty Shifting Cultivation( Taung-Yar Cutting) Mining Construction of infrastructures and Dam/ Reservoir

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For Our Planet,Land is the most important exiting mineral resources.Mineral can be obtained by mining process.

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Chapter V, Right of Utilization of Land Water for Mineral Production, Under Myanmar Mine Law

Various mine sites are operated ………..

Degraded land after Mining Operation• lost crown /canopy, seed pools and root system • Lost of Native biodiversity species and ecosystem• Lost of land capability and Stability• lost option for development multi-sector• Change natural/ existing Land cover• Increase Soil Erosion

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RESTORING OBJECTIVES Protection

Stabilize the land use pattern Cover the exposed land Reduce the erosion and surface run-off

Conservation Stimulate native plant species (biodiversity) Conserve potential native species Improved wild life habitat

Production Improved soil fertility (long term) Produce non woody products Benefit for local people

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Using Native Tree Species,• Selection of local species, ground cover seedlings • Relatively fast growth • Light demanding and low nutrient

demand• Produce abundance litter and its litter decomposed• Easy to propagate and to survive culture• Low cost for planting and maintenance

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COMPETITIVE GROUNDCOVERCOMPROMISING THE SURVIVAL OF TREES

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A professional tree-planting crew in action on amine site.

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BENEFITS OF RESTORING Re-establishment of potential native species Protecting from erosion and surface run-off Improving wildlife habitat Improving native species biodiversity Improving soil productivity, and stability Improving environmental conditions and esthetically pleasing

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Use of quality Reforestation procedures in Reclamation

Mine operator Cost-effective reclamation, Positive public perceptions

EnvironmentProductive forest will provide the numerous “ecosystem services”Creates a “win-win-win” situationDevelop the Payment for Ecosystem Services(PES) 12

Benefits

TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY; POLICY AND LEGISLATION

Environmental Conservation Law Chapter 9, Article 18- shall carry out the conservation,

management, sustainable use and enhancement of regional cooperation of Natural Resources

Myanmar Forest Policy Measure(3.2)Polluter Pays- to compensate for environmental and ecological degradationMyanmar Constitution 2008Chapter 1, Article 45- The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment, andChapter 8,Article 390(B) - Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in carrying out Environmental conservation

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REFERENCES Myanmar Land Use Policy (6-Draft) Myanmar Environmental Conservation Law Myanmar Mine Law Myanmar Constitution 2008 Guideline for Reclamation after surfaced-

mined Land

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!

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