1ST NINE WEEKS REVIEWUS HISTORY CIVIL WAR –EARLY 1900S

04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION

•Name the advantages that the Confederacy had over Union forces

they were fighting in their own territory

Their population was larger

Better leadership from top rate generals

Highly motivated to fight; had a strong cause to fight•What group helped the runaway slaves on the Underground Railroad?

Abolitionists04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION•What caused the first southern states to secede from the Union?President Lincoln is elected•What is habeas corpus?Can’t be held in jail without being accused of a crime•Why did Lincoln suspend the writ of habeas corpus?Arrest and hold Confederate sympathizers living in the Union

•Why was the capture of Vicksburg so important to Union troops? Once they captured it, they had control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION

•Which terms of the Compromise of 1850 would have most pleased southerners?

Admitting Missouri as a slave state or the creation of the Fugitive Slave Act•What was Clara Barton best known for in regards to the Civil War?

Served as a nurse for the wounded on both sides•What is Clara Barton’s lasting legacy today?

Started medical practices that formed the basis of modern battlefield medicine (Red Cross)

04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION•What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?It was the last time the South would invade the Union•What is the main reason why there was such a high mortality rate during the Civil War?New, deadlier technology was too much for the older war tactics armies were using•Why did the US draft laws of 1863 anger the poor, working class?Because people could pay $300 to have someone replace them and the poor did not have that kind of money

04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION

• What is popular sovereignty?

The people choose how the government runs and/or officials to represent them in the government

• Under popular sovereignty, who would decide whether slavery would be allowed in a new territory?

The people of that territory

04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION•Which law allowed for FL to join the Union as a slave state while Iowa joined as a free state in 1845?

The Missouri Compromise

•Why did violence erupt in “Bleeding Kansas”?

The passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

•What did Lincoln and Andrew Johnson have in common in regards to Reconstruction?

Both wanted the Southern states to reenter the nation as quickly as possible.04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION

• For which amendment did the Emancipation Proclamation lay the foundation for?

13th amendment (ended slavery)

• Did the Emancipation Proclamation end slavery?

NO!!!

• Who issued it? Congress or President Lincoln?

Lincoln since he was commander-in-chief

04/20/23

CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION•Why were the Radical Republicans opposed to Lincoln’s 10% Plan?

They thought he was too lenient; they wanted the South to pay for everything; he offered forgiveness to nearly all Confederates who would support the US•What is sharecropping?

system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land•How did it continue the cycle of oppression of newly freed slaves?

It made them economically dependent on farmers since the majority, if not all, of their wages went back to the landowners04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION

•Name what each of the following Amendments did.

•13th

Ended slavery

•14th

Allowed for equal rights for all men

•15th

Allowed for all men to vote

04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION•What was the main reason why Andrew Johnson was impeached (removed from being president).

He constantly opposed Congress’s proposals for Reconstruction; there was always a power struggle between the two

•Which Supreme Court Decision decided that slaves were considered property and not citizens. Therefore they could not sue another citizen?

Dred Scott v. Sanford

•What was the greatest success of the Freedman’s Bureau?

Secured funding and support for education04/20/23

CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION•What were the end results of the Compromise of 1877?

Hayes elected president & withdrawal of troops from the South to end Reconstruction

04/20/23

INDUSTRIALIZATION•What is Social Darwinism?

Belief that wealth is the measure of one’s inherent value and those that had it were most “fit”

•What are some of the ideas did Social Darwinism supported?

Accumulation of wealth

Hard work

Industrialization

People become rich because that is the law of nature and the law of God

04/20/23

INDUSTRIALIZATION•What is Samuel Gompers best known for?

He was a leader in the labor union movement

•Why were time zones invented?

To accommodate the schedules of railroad companies and train travelers

•Why did business tycoons establish trusts during the late 1800s?

To reduce competition

•What law outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade?

The Sherman Antitrust Act04/20/23

INDUSTRIALIZATION•What was the main goal of the ICC (Interstate Commerce Act)?

To decrease excessive railroad shipping rates

•Describe vertical integration

-It was used by Andrew Carnegie

-Allows companies to reduce costs and charge higher prices to competitors

-Companies buy out raw material producers and distributors

04/20/23

INDUSTRIALIZATION

•What is the Bessemer process?

A process for purifying iron which made steel; allowed for mass production of steel (easier and cheaper)

•Why was the Bessemer process so important?

Without it, buildings and suspension bridges could not be made as quickly as they were made04/20/23

IMMIGRATION•What was the name of the island where Asian immigrants were processed? Where was it located?

Angel Island; San Francisco

•Name the four “native” characteristics based on the acronym WASP

(1)White (2)Anglo-(3)Saxon (4)Protestant

•What was the purpose of Americanization?

To assimilate people of various cultures into one dominant culture

04/20/23

IMMIGRATION•Name some of the countries from where the “new immigrant” would have come.

Poland

Austria

Spain

Italy•Name pull factors

Jobs, religious freedom, better living conditions•Name push factors

Unemployment, religious persecution, famine, civil war

04/20/23

NATIVE AMERICANSWhat is assimilation? How did the United States try to assimilate Indians?

Forcing a foreign culture to adopt the dominate culture; opened Indian Schools and forced them to attend to learn English and the other norms of American society

What did the Dawes Act aim to do? How would it change the lives of Native Americans?

Assimilate Native Americans into American culture; get Native Americans to own land and stay on it; push them to adopt agriculture lifestyle

What was the impact of the completion of the transcontinental railroad?

Native Americans were forced off their lands; the population of the West grew tremendously04/20/23

“Scott’s Great Snake” Anaconda Plan drawing

04/20/23

04/20/23

Before/After photo of student at Carlisle Industrial Indian School

04/20/23

Keppler’s Standard Oil Cartoon, “Next!” (Puck Magazine, 1904)

04/20/23