1 spss 202: linear and logistic regression using spss (workshop) dr. daisy dai department of medical...
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SPSS 202: Linear and Logistic Regression Using SPSS
(Workshop)
Dr. Daisy Dai
Department of Medical Research
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Contents
• Correlation (Pearson, Spearman, r-square)
• Scatter Plot and Trending
• Simple regression
• Multiple regression
• Logistic regression
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SPSS Data Entry
• SPSS data can be entered manually. – The format is ready for analysis.
• SAS, Excel, txt, etc. data can be easily imported to SPSS.
• SPSS data files are saved as “SPSS data document (.sav)”.
• SPSS output files are saved as “SPSS viewer document (.spv)”.
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SPSS Data Entry
• SPSS has a few unique features in data entry. – Categorical variables need to be coded. For instance,
code male as 1 and female as 0 or vice versa.– When you have two treatments, test and control, please
use 1 for test and 0 for control. – Categorical variables that are not coded in other sourced
data files will not be imported or analyzed properly in
SPSS. – Continuous variables don’t need coding. – Missing values needs to be defined in “variable view”
page.
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Log in SPSS
• CMH offers server version SPSS 18. Any employee can log in SPSS from your employee account.
• Go to Start
->Program
->Accessories
-> Remote Desktop Connection
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Log in SPSS
• In the Log On Window, enter your cmh user name and password.
• Choose log on to CMH
• Click OK.
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Data Set 1: Anemia in Women
• A survey was conduct to a sample of 20 anemia women, randomly selected from a pre-defined geographical area. The participants had a blood sample taken and their hemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV) measured. They were also asked their age, and whether or not they had experienced the menopause.
• The goals of the study were to determine whether Hb affects PCV or the other way around or whether Hb was associated with age.
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Data
Subject Number Hb (g/dl) PCV (%) Age (years) Menopause0 = No, 1 = Yes
1 11.1 35 20 0
2 10.7 45 22 0
3 12.4 47 25 0
4 14.0 50 28 0
5 13.1 31 28 0
6 10.5 30 31 0
7 9.6 25 32 0
8 12.5 33 35 0
9 13.5 35 38 0
10 13.9 40 40 1
11 15.1 45 45 0
12 13.9 47 49 1
13 16.2 49 54 1
14 16.3 42 55 1
15 16.8 40 57 1
16 17.1 50 60 1
17 16.6 46 62 1
18 16.9 55 63 1
19 15.7 42 65 1
20 16.5 46 67 1
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Task 1: Import Data
• Double click spss 18 icon on the screen.
• Click File
-> Open
-> Data.• Click OK.
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Task 1: Import Anemia Data
• Select the folder where data saved. (Note: since SPSS is in the server, we need to save files in the net work drive. I usually save files to my account in U drive. )
• Enter file name.• Select file type. (SPSS
data file is in .sav format. SPSS can open excel or many other files, please make sure you choose the right file type).
• Click Open.
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Task 2: View and Modify Data
• Now the data is open. • There are two tabs on
the screen, data view tab and variable view tab.
• We can read the data in “data View” tab.
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Task 2: View and Modify Data
• We can define data structure including variable name, label, etc. in “Variable View” tab. • Note the categorical variable, menopause, needs to be coded in the values column. Enter 0 for
No and 1 for Yes.
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Task 3: Scatter Plot
• Generate scatter plot between Hb and PCV.
• Please list the dependent (outcome) variable in y-axis and the independent (explanatory) variable in x-axis.
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Task 3: Scatter Plot• All variables in the Anemia data
set is listed in the left panel
• Select the variables for y axis and x-axis by first clicking the variable in the left panel and then clicking the arrow and the corresponding spot in the right panel.
• The marker variable is optional. If you want to label the subjects, then choose the corresponding variable as the marker. For instance, you can label the subjects by ID or by menopause. Here we choose menopause.
• Click OK.
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Task 3: Scatter Plot
• One can double click the figure to prompt Chart Editor.
• Click on the fitted line icon located in the middle of last line of tool bar.
• We can also edit font or add in text box.
• Close Chart Editor.
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Task 3: Scatter Plot
• One can fit linear, quadratic or cubic trend along with confidence interval to the data.
• Loess (local regression) is an useful tool to fit non-linear and irregular data.
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Task 4: Save output
• One can save SPSS output file by clicking file -> save as to generate a viewer file in. apv format. This file can be edited by SPSS in the future.
• Or one can export the figure by right click and export to a word or pdf document. This file is permanent without revision to figures.
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Practice
• Generate scatter plot between Hb and age.
• Fit an appropriate trend.
• Use Chart Editor to edit the font and add text when needed.
• Save the figure.
• Interpret the scatter plot and r-square.
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Tasks
• Continue with anemia data.
• Determine Pearson and Spearman correlation among the continuous variables
• Interpret results
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Correlation
• We have three continuous variables in the data sets: Hb, PCV and Age.
• Select these three variables and check Pearson (parametric) and Spearman (non-parametric).
• Check two-tailed for conservative analysis
• And flag significant correlations.
• Click OK.
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Pearson and Spearman Correlation
Nonparametric correlations are based on ranks of data and it can be applied when data does not follow normality assumption (skewed) or outlier exists.
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Tasks
• Continue using anemia data.
• Perform simple linear regression.
• Determine the fitted regression model.
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Regression
• Select Hb as Dependent variable (y axis).
• Select PCV as Independent variable (x axis).
• In this case, PCV is the explanatory variable and Hb is the outcome variable. In other words, we investigate how PCV will impact Hb.
• Click Ok.
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Hb=5.589+0.205*PCV
When PCV=35, the predicted Hb=5.589+0.205*35=12.8
PCV is significantly associated with Hb with p-value=0.001
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Tasks
• Continue with anemia data.
• Consider PCV and age as two risk factors associated with Hb.
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Multiple Regression
• Select Hb as Dependent variable.
• Select PCV and age as Independent variable.
• Click Ok.
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Hb=5.239+0.097*PCV+0.11*age
When PCV=35 and age=20, the predicted Hb=5.239+0.097*35+0.11*20=10.8
The observed Hb is 11.1.
PCV is significantly associated with Hb with p-value=0.008 after taking age into account.
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Case Study 2: Relapse Rate in AML
One hundred and two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in remission were enrolled in a study of a new antisense oligonucleotide (asODN). The patients were randomly assigned to receive a 10-day infusion of asODN or no treatment (Control), and the effects were followed for 90 days. The time of remission from diagnosis or prior relapse (X, in months) at study enrollment was considered an important covariate in predicating response. The response data are shown in next page with Y=1 indicating relapse, death, or major intervention, such as bone marrow transplant before Day 90. Is there any evidence that administration of asODN is associated with a decreased relapse rate?
p. 323
25 15 0 60 9 1 94 9 026 6 1 62 12 0 95 9 128 15 0 63 12 0 98 12 129 12 1 66 3 0 99 3 1
102 6 1
Patient Number X Y
Patient Number X Y
Patient Number X Y
3 9 1 38 15 0 72 9 15 3 0 40 15 1 75 15 08 12 1 41 9 0 76 15 09 3 1 43 9 0 78 12 012 3 1 45 12 1 80 9 013 15 1 47 3 1 82 12 016 9 1 48 6 1 84 15 018 12 1 51 6 1 86 18 119 3 1 53 12 0 87 12 023 9 1 55 12 0 89 15 124 15 1 57 12 1 91 15 027 9 1 59 3 1 93 15 030 6 1 61 12 1 98 18 031 9 1 64 3 1 97 18 134 6 1 65 12 1 100 18 035 12 0 68 6 1 101 18 037 9 0 70 6 1
Control Group
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Task: Logistic Regression
• Select Relapse as dependent variable.
• Select time and treatment as covariate.
• One can also add in time by treatment interaction.
• Since treatment is binary, click categorical tab and select treatment as categorical covariates.
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Thank You
For more information, visit my website
http://www.childrensmercy.org/content/view.aspx?id=9740
Or go to Scope ->Research -> Medical Research -> Statistics