11

SpanisSpanish h

MissioMissionsns

22

SPANISH CONTROL OF THE SPANISH CONTROL OF THE TEXAS BORDERLANDSTEXAS BORDERLANDS

To control the Texas To control the Texas borderlands the Spanish built 4 borderlands the Spanish built 4 types of settlements:types of settlements:1.1.missionsmissions – religious communities – religious communities

2.2.presidiospresidios – military bases – military bases

3.3.settlementssettlements – small villages with – small villages with farmers and merchantsfarmers and merchants

4.4.ranchosranchos – or ranches – or ranches

33

MissionsMissions Developed in response to other Developed in response to other

countries beginning to settle in the countries beginning to settle in the United States.United States.

The Spanish established these missions The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, and to spread to protect its borders, and to spread Christianity.Christianity.

The Spanish built missions near rivers to The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply.ensure a good water supply.

Missions included churches, dormitories, Missions included churches, dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens.workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens.

Missionaries taught the Indians about Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to Catholicism, and taught them how to farm.farm.

44

MissionsMissions To protect these missions, To protect these missions,

presidios were established. A presidios were established. A presidiopresidio is a military base. is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for generally responsible for protecting several missions.protecting several missions.

Settlers homes Settlers homes were built near were built near missions, so that they would be missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso.San Antonio and El Paso.

Spaniards lived near missions on Spaniards lived near missions on ranchosranchos, and raised cattle., and raised cattle.

55

GLUE MAP IN TO JOURNAL

66

MissionsMissions

77

MissionsMissions

88

New Missions along the Rio New Missions along the Rio GrandeGrande

In the late 1600’s, the In the late 1600’s, the Spanish began building Spanish began building missions just south of the missions just south of the Rio Grande.Rio Grande.

They also built missions They also built missions among the Pueblo Indians of among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico.New Mexico.

99

MissionsMissionsIn 1682, the Spanish built In 1682, the Spanish built

the first mission in Texas, the first mission in Texas, just east of present-day El just east of present-day El Paso. This mission was Paso. This mission was called called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.

1010

Spanish Settlements on the Spanish Settlements on the FrontierFrontier

COPY INTO YOUR JOURNALCOPY INTO YOUR JOURNAL

RepresentSpanish govern-

ment there

Convert AmericanIndians there to

Catholicism

Developsettlements

there

To control the borderlands

Mission System

Goal Goal Goal

Four types of Spanish settlements

missions, presidios, towns, ranchos

1111

Why the French Interest in Why the French Interest in Texas? Texas?

Wanted to gain a port for the Wanted to gain a port for the fur tradefur trade

Establish trade with the Spanish Establish trade with the Spanish coloniescolonies

To gain a claim to Texas and To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empirechallenge Spain’s empire

Unfortunately, the expeditions Unfortunately, the expeditions led by LaSalle ended in disasterled by LaSalle ended in disaster

1212

EFFECT OF THE LA SALLE EFFECT OF THE LA SALLE EXPEDITIONEXPEDITION

Gave France a strong claim to Gave France a strong claim to TexasTexas

22ndnd Flag to fly over Texas (French) Flag to fly over Texas (French)Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. Spain sent expeditions to find Ft.

St. LouisSt. LouisSpain built missions in East Texas Spain built missions in East Texas

to protect their claim to the landto protect their claim to the land

1313

Activity: VocabularyUsing the new vocabulary, Using the new vocabulary, draw a plan for a Spanish draw a plan for a Spanish Mission, Mission,

Label the following:Label the following:

1.1.MissionMission

2.2.PresidioPresidio

3.3.RanchoRancho

4.4.SettlementSettlement

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Example

1515

Example

1616

Spanish Missions cont.Spanish Missions cont.

DAY TWODAY TWO

1717

Spanish in East TexasSpanish in East Texas Between the years of 1686 and 1687, the Between the years of 1686 and 1687, the

Spanish sent six expeditions by land, and Spanish sent six expeditions by land, and five by sea, in an attempt to locate Fort St. five by sea, in an attempt to locate Fort St. Louis.Louis.

In early 1690, two men Alonso De Leon and In early 1690, two men Alonso De Leon and Father Damian Massanet along with about Father Damian Massanet along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called Texas. It was called San Francisco de los San Francisco de los TejasTejas..

In 1693, after three years of hardships, In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico.ground and fled to back to Mexico.

1818

Spanish in East TexasSpanish in East Texas A Spanish priests of San Francisco de los A Spanish priests of San Francisco de los

Tejas, Tejas, Father Francisco HidalgoFather Francisco Hidalgo, requested , requested to build a mission in East Texas, but the to build a mission in East Texas, but the Spanish king refused.Spanish king refused.

Hidalgo decided to ask the French to build Hidalgo decided to ask the French to build a mission instead.a mission instead.

In 1713, the French sent In 1713, the French sent Louis St. DenisLouis St. Denis to to help Father Hidalgo.help Father Hidalgo.

Both men returned to Spanish settlements Both men returned to Spanish settlements and the Spanish arrested them. and the Spanish arrested them.

Because St. Denis told the Spanish that he Because St. Denis told the Spanish that he was sent to help Father Hidalgo, the was sent to help Father Hidalgo, the Spanish became nervous and began to Spanish became nervous and began to make plans to return to East Texas.make plans to return to East Texas.

1919

FAILURE OF SPANISH FAILURE OF SPANISH MISSIONS IN EAST TEXASMISSIONS IN EAST TEXAS

Location too remoteLocation too remoteFloods, droughts, diseaseFloods, droughts, diseaseInternal conflictsInternal conflictsIndians not interested in Indians not interested in

religious instructionreligious instruction

2020

SAN ANTONIO RIVER AREASAN ANTONIO RIVER AREA

San Antonio was seen as a San Antonio was seen as a midpoint between the East Texas midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande missions and the Rio Grande settlementsettlement

Mild climate and location by a Mild climate and location by a riverriver

Became the site of the most Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and successful Texas missions and settlementssettlements

2121

WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXASSPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS

Chicken War Chicken War – conflict between – conflict between French and Spanish in Texas where French and Spanish in Texas where the French attacked Mission San the French attacked Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes.Miguel de Linares de los Adaes.The chickens at the Mission scared The chickens at the Mission scared the French soldier’s horses and they the French soldier’s horses and they began to run away. The “chicken began to run away. The “chicken attack” was seen as funny to the attack” was seen as funny to the Spanish, but they retreated just in Spanish, but they retreated just in case. They went to the mission at San case. They went to the mission at San Antonio de Valero.Antonio de Valero.

2222

Activity:Activity:Chicken WarChicken War

1.1. In your journal draw a In your journal draw a cartoon of the Chicken War.cartoon of the Chicken War.

2.2. What do you “predict” What do you “predict” would have happened if the would have happened if the chickens had not been chickens had not been there.there.

2323

Spanish Return to TexasSpanish Return to TexasFrance and Spain decide to France and Spain decide to

work together for the missions work together for the missions in East Texasin East Texas

Spain wants to spread Spain wants to spread ChristianityChristianity

France wants to trade with the France wants to trade with the IndiansIndians

Spain builds 6 new missionsSpain builds 6 new missions

2424

Problems with Spanish Problems with Spanish MissionsMissions

Missions were over 500 miles Missions were over 500 miles away from Spanish away from Spanish settlements (San Antonio de settlements (San Antonio de Valero was built as a mid Valero was built as a mid point for this reason)point for this reason)

Apaches and Comanches Apaches and Comanches raided the supplies wagonsraided the supplies wagons

Difficult to get suppliesDifficult to get supplies

2525

Successful missions:Successful missions:1. San Antonio1. San Antonio

2. Nacogdoches2. Nacogdoches

3. Los Adaes3. Los Adaes

4. Goliad4. Goliad

Other missions failed Other missions failed because:because:

1. disease1. disease

2. Indian attacks2. Indian attacks

3. crop failure- hunger3. crop failure- hunger

2626

Life in Life in MissioMissio

nsns

2727

MISSIONS AND MISSIONS AND PRESIDIOSPRESIDIOS

Life centered around work Life centered around work and worshipand worship

Life was harsh, uncomfortable Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little fooddwellings, little food

Life for soldiers was Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficultdangerous and difficult

2828

Life in a MissionsLife in a Missions The day started at dawn with The day started at dawn with

religious services.religious services. Indians’ workday began under Indians’ workday began under

the direction of the priests the direction of the priests The day ended with prayers The day ended with prayers

and dinner and dinner

This process hardly ever worked, because This process hardly ever worked, because the Indians refused to let go of their the Indians refused to let go of their

old traditions old traditions

2929

Life in a MissionLife in a Mission Men tended crops, while the Men tended crops, while the

women made pottery, cared for women made pottery, cared for the livestock, wove cloth, and the livestock, wove cloth, and cooked.cooked.

The dwellings were The dwellings were uncomfortable.uncomfortable.

People sometimes went hungry.People sometimes went hungry.

3030

Spanish MissionSpanish Mission

DAY DAY THREETHREE

3131

Life in a Life in a PresidioPresidio

3232

Life in a PresidiosLife in a Presidios Missions were most likely to succeed, Missions were most likely to succeed,

if they had a presidio nearbyif they had a presidio nearby These military outposts were These military outposts were

generally made of adobe, stone, and generally made of adobe, stone, and timber.timber.

They had a chapel, barracks for They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building.headquarters building.

The soldiers were not paid very The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged.dirty and ragged.

3333

LIFE IN SPANISH LIFE IN SPANISH SETTLEMENTSSETTLEMENTS

The mission had diverse The mission had diverse populationspopulations

And they consisted of homes, And they consisted of homes, government buildings and storesgovernment buildings and stores

The economy was based on The economy was based on farming and ranchingfarming and ranching

Social activities centered around Social activities centered around church and familychurch and family

3434

The economy of the settlements The economy of the settlements was mostly based on farming and was mostly based on farming and

ranching.ranching. The cattle business helped The cattle business helped

San Antonio and other towns San Antonio and other towns grow.grow.

VaquerosVaqueros, or cowboys, , or cowboys, worked on ranches near the worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling.riding and cattle handling.

3535

Mission Mission GovernmentGovernment The The alcaldealcalde, served as , served as

mayor, sheriff, and judge of mayor, sheriff, and judge of small cases.small cases.

The friars often allowed the The friars often allowed the Native Americans to vote in Native Americans to vote in local elections and to hold local elections and to hold public offices. public offices.

3636

SPANISH CULTURE AND TEXAS SPANISH CULTURE AND TEXAS TODAYTODAY

Spanish heritage present in Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and Texas architecture and celebrationscelebrations

Apparent in music and foodApparent in music and food Spanish influence seen in place-Spanish influence seen in place-

names, towns, or riversnames, towns, or rivers Some Spanish missions are still Some Spanish missions are still

active churches.active churches. They laid out the first Texas They laid out the first Texas

roads.roads.

3737

Examples of SpanishInfluence in Texas

Life in Spanish TexasLife in Spanish TexasCopy this graphic organizer Copy this graphic organizer

into your journals:into your journals:

culture(architecture,

art, food,language,

music)

legaltraditions

cattleranching

traditions and terms

routes offirst Texas

roadsCatholic

heritage andmissions

manySpanish

place-names