1 sesi 1011 topic 1 - overview of ai

7/29/2019 1 Sesi 1011 TOPIC 1 - Overview of AI

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CIK NUR MAISARAH BT MOHDSOBRAN

B/1 17

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia [email protected]

With Thanks:

En. Mohd Fairuz

En. Mohd Razali Bin Mohamad Sapiee

BEKC 4783

ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE


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Artificial Intelligent Overview

Objectives

To introduce student to the field of

Artificial Intelligence (AI).

To understand what is meant by AI.

To introduce fuzzy logic and neural

networks as AI techniques.

To introduce some applications of Fuzzylogic and Neural networks.


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What Is Human Intelligence?

In general, intelligence means the ability to learn,

understand and think in a logical way about things(Oxford).

Encyclopedia Britannica - The ability to adapt

effectively to the environment, either by making achange in oneself or by changing the environment.

It embodies

learning (a change in oneself). manufacturing and sheltering (changing the

environment).

migration (finding a new environment).


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One way to understand intelligence is bylooking at our own capabilities, which

means thathumans are able to:

think

understand

recognize generalize

adapt

learn

make decisions solve daily problems

perceive


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Several Forms Of Intelligence Of BiologicalSystems

Capability to Learn

Capability to Generalize/Classify Capability to Survive

Gathering of Information

Recognizing Patterns


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Babies learn from

the day they were born!


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Capability to Learn

Capability to Generalize/ClassifyCapability to Survive



Several Forms Of Intelligence OfBiological Systems


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Generalization And Classification


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Capability to Learn

Capability to Generalize/ClassifyCapability to Survive



Several Forms Of Intelligence Of

Biological Systems


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Human Survive in difficult situation


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Capability to Learn





Biological Systems


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Gathering Information


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Capability to Learn





Biological Systems


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Humans Are Good At Recognizing

Patterns


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Humans are good at

understanding even

difficult handwritings

- thus human

recognition

capability is robust


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Other Forms Of Intelligence Of BiologicalSystems Include:

Self-repair

Self-guidance

ReproductionMaking decisions

Reasoning capability

Predicting/forecasting

Understanding noisy or fuzzyinformation


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What Is Artificial Intelligence?

Based on Oxford:

Artificialmade or produced to copy

something natural.

Intelligence - the ability to learn,understand and think in a logical way

about things.

Artificial Intelligencean area of study

concerned with making computers copy

intelligent human behavior.


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What Is Artificial Intelligence?

It is a branch of science which deals with helping

machines find solutions to complex problems in amore human-like fashion.

This generally involves borrowing characteristics

from human intelligence and applying them asalgorithms in a computer friendly way.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/ArtificialFictionBrain.png


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What is intelligent systems ?Intelligent system is a system which canexhibit human intelligence by applying

artificial intelligence approaches.

Why build intelligent systems ? To decrease the level of human supervision

to the systems.

Intelligent systems can give better solutions.


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Advantages of artificial intelligent systems ? Machines can be used to take on complex and

stressful work that would be otherwise performed

by humans.

Machines can complete the task faster than a

human assigned to do the same task. Use of robotics to discover unexplored landscape,

outer space and also be useful in our home

activities.

Less danger, injury and stress to humans as thework is done by a artificially intelligent machine.

Less errors and defects.


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Disadvantages of Artificial intelligent systems ? Lacks the human touch. Human qualities are

sometimes ignored.

The ability to replace a human job. This gives rise

to humans feeling insecure and may have the

fear of losing their job.Artificial Intelligence can malfunction and do the

opposite of what they are programmed to do.


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Disadvantages of Artificial intelligent systems ?Can AI turn against human?


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Disadvantages of Artificial intelligent systems ?


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What is the implication of adding

intelligence in machines?

If artificial systems can be made more robust,

costly redesigns can be reduced or eliminated.

If higher level of adaptation can be achieved,existing systems can perform their functions

longer and better

If machines can be made to be self-organizedthen less operations are needed by humans


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Is there really an intelligent machine ordevice?

Lets look at a so-called intelligentdevice thats already available in the market


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Genie FuzzyLogic Jar

Cookers

Example of Products with AI


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It also has a Neuro-

Fuzzy Logic System-

a smart system that

knowsyour

lifestyle and learns

your pattern ofuse(like what time

the doors are most

frequently opened or

closed) and controls

the refrigerator

accordingly eitherthrough quick

cooling, low cool or

defrosting.



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This Refrigerator has a Neuro-Fuzzy Control System

For Door Cooling and Super-Cooling and Freezing)



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Fuzzy Gear-shift Control In Proton Perdana



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Wood Recognition By

Neural Networks

Bintangor

Durian

Nyatoh

Ramin

Manual

inspection



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Is there really an IntelligentMachine/System?

From this point of view it appears that an intelligent

system (or device) contains a collection of simplefeatures that jointly make the system easy to use


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Can Machines Be Developed To

Have Intelligence?

Perhaps one way to dothis is to developalgorithms based onhuman or animalintelligence


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Expert Systems

Fuzzy Logic

Neural Networks Genetic Algorithms

Chaos Theory

Rough Sets

Artificial Life, etc.

DNA Computing

Quantum Computing

Some Examples of

Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Subject Topics

Many AI techniques have

been developed based on

biological systems/behavior


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Fuzzy Logic Has Been Developed

From The Human Reasoning Process

Knowledge

Base

Infer

This is adragon fly!

Sensor

Dragon Fly

6 legs

wings

Body with 3 parts Insect


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Artificial Neural Network Or ANN Is The

Term Used To Describe A Computer Model

Assumption Of The Biological Brain.

An information-processing

system that has certain

performance characteristics

in common with biologicalneural networksAxon

Soma

Synapse

Dendrites

Nucleus

wji

wji

wji

oi

oi

oi

f(netj) oj

AN ARTIFICIAL NEURON


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Intelligent Systems Design

Intelligent

Man-

Machine

Interface

Expert systems

Fuzzy logic

Neuralnetworks

.

Intelligent machine

Algorithms,

computations

(Sensors)

ExecutionTASKS

Expert systems

Fuzzy logic

Neuralnetworks

.

Cognition

Perception


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Why The Need To Develop Intelligent Systems And

Why Now?

More challenging problems

More complex systems

More powerful computers

/hardware

Better/powerful algorithms

Better software tools

Mans desires


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Where AI can/should be applied? Data is overwhelming/abundance

Too many manual operations/procedures

Optimization is possible

Parallel/Distributed procedures/architectures are needed Decision making is required

When current techniques are too complicated to be

used/designed

Mathematical models are too complex /impossible To increase efficiency

To reduce cost

To improve performance and reliability


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Where AI should not be applied? Lack of Data

Simpler techniques are available / sufficient

Further optimization is not possible


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Some Important Facts that you need toknow. AI is not the only solution

AI is only one part of technology

AI is just a tool for improvement You must know your domain/target

application


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