1. selayang pandang imunologi
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Basic Immunology in
Medicine
Rina Susilowati
Department of Histology & Cell Biology
Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University
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Outline2
History of immunology
Function of the immune system
Arms of the immune system
Phases of immune responses
Immune responses in health and diseases
Application of immunology in medicine
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History of immunology 3
The eradication of smallpox by vaccination. After a period of
3 years in which no cases of smallpox were recorded, the World
Health Organization was able to announce in 1979 that smallpox
had been eradicated.
Edward Jenner discovered in 1796 thatcowpox, or vaccinia, induced protectionagainst human smallpox
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Robert Koch (1843 –1910) provedthat infectious diseases are causedby microorganisms
History of immunology
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Shibasaburo Kitasato (1892 –1931) in
collaboration with Emil von Behring
(1854 –1917)
discovered specific antitoxin activity
against tetanus and diphtheria in serum
Elie Metchnikoff (1845 –1916) was the first champion of cellular
immunology, focusing his studies on the central role of phagocytes in
host defense.
History of immunology
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History of immunology
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The function of immune system
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https://str.llnl.gov/JanFeb10/dzenitis.html
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The arms of the immune system
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Cytokinesprotein secreted by a cell that
affects the behavior of other
cells
Chemokines
chemoattractants proteins
Cells communicate with
each other via signaling
molecules
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Skin and mucosa: the first defense barriers
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Innate immune system
Macrophages: the guards in the state border
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Innate immune system
Neutrophils: the reserve soldiers
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InflammationCellular components: macrophages, neutrophils Humoral components: complements
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Dendritic cells
The military intelligence officer inthe border of the state
The most professional antigen
presenting cells (APC)
DC bridging innate & adaptive immune system
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Activated dendritic cells
activate naïve T cells in thesecondary lymphoid organs
(lymph nodes, spleen, mucosa-
associated lymphoid organs)
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Adaptive immune system:The main “actors” are the lymphocytes
Very specialized military units
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Adaptive immune system:The main “actors” are the lymphocytes
maturation activation Effector function
Peripheral Lymphoid organs: Lymph
nodes, Spleen, MALT
Central Lymphoid organs: Bonemarrow and thymus
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Effector T cells eliminate infected cells or helping othercells in immune system
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Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells and secreteantibodies
Somatichypermutation
Isotype switching
Activated B cells
Plasma cells
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Immunoglobulin distribution and function
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Immunoglobulin Distribution
IgG & IgM Plasma
IgG & m-IgA Extracell f luid
d-IgA Secretion acrros epithelia, breast milk
IgG in fetus Transplasental IgG mother
IgE Beneath epithelial surfaces
no Brain
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Phases of immune responses
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Phases of immune responses
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Phases of immune responses
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Immune responses in health and diseases
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Application of immunology in medicine23
Prevention
Vaccination
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Diagnosis / Prognosis
Detection of Biologicalmarkers
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S020uF6fxJSggAkA6jzbkF/SIG=12pu1frlo/EXP=1241398021/**http:/thatstamil.oneindia.in/img/2008/05/vaccination250_19052008.jpg
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Therapy
Immunoglobulin
Cell therapy
Immunomodulator
Application of immunology in medicine
hank You
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