1

SciBooNE PAC Outline

• Section - Presenter (Author)

2

SciBooNE PAC Outline -1• Introduction - TN

– Basics of neutrino oscillations (TN)• As in ICFA talk

– K2K has shown or published (TN)– (Show that we have seen many surprises in recent data)– CCQE: low Q2 anomaly, favors higher MA

– CC Coherent pi+– More?

– MB has shown (MOW)– CCQE: low Q2 anomaly– CCpi+: low Q2, 25% reduced cross section– NCpi0: lower coherent fraction

• Oscillation goals for next gen. exps - TN (TN)– Motivate importance of good cross section measurements

• Is 23=45?• What is 13? Mass hierarchy?• CP violation???

3

SciBooNE PAC Outline - 2• Low E cross sections - state of field - TN

– Lipari plot/Flux comparison (TN)– Stress that flux is not contaminated by high energy tails

– Relevance for oscillations (TN)• Describe which cross sections contribute to signal and

backgrounds

– Table of what’s covered/what’s going on (TN)

• SciBooNE Description - TN– SciBar Detector (TN)

• Detector configuration, MRD physics optimization

– BNB (MOW)• HARP, E910• Proton plan (MOW)

– Site optimization

4

SciBooNE PAC Outline - 3• SciBooNE Measurements - MOW

– SciBooNE Only (MOW)• Radiative Delta Decay• NCpi0 energy dependence

– T2K (TN)• NCpi0 BG• CCpi+

– MiniBooNE (MOW)• WS BGs• Intrinsic nues

5

SciBooNE PAC Outline - 4• Logistics - MOW (MOW)

– Outline general ideas• MRD materials

– Costs• Include labor, money

– Schedule– Collaboration– Students

• Conclusions - MOW (MOW)– Can be important part of neutrino program at FNAL– Complementary to MINERvA (not competition)– Bring neutrino physicists to FNAL

6

Thoughts on Signal and BG s• Oscillation expts use CCQE events on nuclear targets for signal

– Nuclear targeta provide more interactions, better statistics– Simple kinematics good energy reconstruction

• e Appearance– Need to distinguish e from in detector– BG = processes that fake e oscillation signals (flavor BG)

• Intrinsic e• NC0• NC decay

– Affect counting experiment

• Disappearance– Need to distinguish CCQE from other CC processes– BG = processes that fake QE signal (-interaction BG)

• CC1+– Affect energy fitting experiment (poor energy resolution)

• Note: CCQE BG processes also affect e searches!

7

Past Cross Section Uncertainty Table

Type Cross Sec. E<1 GeV 1<E<3 GeV E>3 GeV

CCQE ~10%(Bubble chambers)

etc.

CC1+(res) etc.

CC1+(coh)

NC10(res)

NC10(coh)

CCQE No data!

CC1+(res) No data!

CC1+(coh) No data!

NC10(res) No data!

NC10(coh) No data!

8

Future Cross Section Uncertainty Table

Type Cross Sec. E<1 GeV 1<E<3 GeV E>3 GeV

CCQE SciBooNE-n% MINERvA-m% M - m%

CC1+(res) SB - n% M - m% M - m%

CC1+(coh) SB - n% M - m% M - m%

NC10(res) SB - n% M - m% M - m%

NC10(coh) SB - n% M - m% M - m%

CCQE SB - n% ?? ??

CC1+(res) SB - n% ?? ??

CC1+(coh) SB - n% ?? ??

NC10(res) SB - n% ?? ??

NC10(coh) SB - n% ?? ??

9

SciBooNE (P-954) ProposalSciBooNE (P-954) ProposalK2K SciSciBar detector at FNAL BooBooster NeNeutrinos

T. Nakaya (Kyoto) and M. Wascko (LSU)

Dec. 8, 2005@FNAL PAC

10

Collaboration Members• BarcelonaBarcelona

• ColoradoColorado

• ColumbiaColumbia

• FNALFNAL

• ICRRICRR

• KEK KEK

• KyotoKyoto

• LANLLANL

• LSULSU

• RomeRome

• ValenciaValencia

11 institutes, 45 people11 institutes, 45 people

F. Sanchez, J. Alcaraz, S. Andringa, X. Espinal, G. Jover, T. Lux, F. Nova, A. Y. Rodriguez

M. Wilking, E.D. Zimmerman

J. Conrad, M. Shaevitz, K. B. M. Mahn, G. P. Zeller

S. J. Brice, B.C. Brown, D. Finley, T. Kobilarcik, R. Stefanski

Y. Hayato

T. Ishii

T. Nakaya, M. Yokoyama, H. Tanaka, K. Hiraide, Y. Kurimoto, K. Matsuoka, M. Taguchi, Y. Kurosawa

W.C. Louis, R. Van de Water

W. Metcalf, M. O. Wascko

L. Ludovici, U. Dore, P. F. Loverre, C. Mariani

J. J. Gomez-Cadenas, A. Cervera, M. Sorel, A. Tornero, J. Catala, P. Novella, E. Couce, J. Martin-Albo

(*) Potential Ph.D. thesis students, Institute representative

11

Outline of this presentation (<40 pages)1. Highlights (1page)2. Introduction (8page)

1. Neutrino Physics2. Neutrino Cross Sections

3. SciBooNE Experiment (10 page)1. Physics Motivation2. FNAL Booster Neutrinos3. SciBar Detector

4. SciBooNE Physics (10page)1. Anti-neutrinos2. Neutrino Cross Sections for T2K3. Measurements for MiniBooNE4. Others

5. Logistics (5page)6. Conclusion (1page)

12

1. Highlight

• Anti-neutrinos– Unexplored object.

• Non quasi-elastic interactions– Precise knowledge on cross

sections is necessary for T2K.

• MiniBooNE near detector.– Confirmation and Redundancy for

a mysterious (LSND) phenomena.

Decay region

50 mMiniBooNE Detector

SciBarSciBarMiniBooNE beamlineMiniBooNE beamline

100 m100 m

　 1 2

E (GeV)

T2K

K2K

SciBarat BooNE

Flux (

norm

aliz

ed b

y a

rea)

13

39m

41.4

m2. Introduction

21 3

m223

m212

e

Super-KSuper-KK2KK2K

• Neutrino Oscillations (1998-2005)

SNOSNOKamLANDKamLAND

Neutrino massesNeutrino masses (m122, m23

2)

Mixing AnglesMixing Angles (12, 23)

13 ➾

14

Next Step (2006-2015)

• Discover the last oscillation channel– 13

• CP violation in the lepton sector–

• Test of the standard oscillation scenario (UMNS)– Precise measurements of oscillations (m23

2, 23)

3

2

1

CPMMNSVU

e

e 1

3

2

100

0

0

0

010

0

0

0

001

1212

1212

1313

1313

2323

2323 cs

sc

ces

esc

cs

scUi

i

MNS

ijij

ijij

s

c

sin

cos

atmospheric Cross Mixing solar

T2KT2K

NONOAA

15

protons

Strategy of accelerator oscillation experiments.

MiniBooNE K2K-ND

SciBooNE MINERA

proton

HARP

MIPP(E)

Intense beam Gigantic detector

(E)near(E) ↔ (E)far(E)

16

Unexplored Area of Neutrino Physics

MINOS, NuMI

K2K, NOvAMiniBooNE, T2K, SciBooNE

Super-K atmospheric

DIS

in this E range interesting:

• Data from old experiments (1970~1980)

• Low statistics• Systematic Uncertainties

• Nuclear effects (p/n absorption/scattering, shadowing, low Q2 region)

• Not well-modeled

• New data from MiniBooNE & K2K shedding light on this

• More data at 1GeV with fine grained resolution will advance Neutrino Physics.

QE

1

17

Recent K2K results on the neutrino cross sections.

• Will be updated soon.

18

Recent MiniBooNE results on the neutrino cross sections.

• Will be updated soon.

19

3. SciBooNE ExperimentA fine-segmented tracking detector with an intense low

energy neutrino beam.• SciBar Detector

– Well-working detector (2003.9- at K2K)– Fine granularity (2.51.3cm2) and Fully-Active– PID capability

• FNAL-BNB– An intense and low energy (~1GeV) beam.

• ≤ 1 year data taking is sufficient.– Both neutrinos and anti-neutrinos.– The beam is well-understood from the CERN HARP

measurements.

An ideal marriage of the detector and the beam for An ideal marriage of the detector and the beam for a precision neutrino interaction experiment. a precision neutrino interaction experiment.

(A new experimental team from K2K and MiniBooNE)(A new experimental team from K2K and MiniBooNE)

e+ e-

e

+e-

K2K Data

20

We are here

MiniBooNE is here

NuMi is here

SciBooNE will be hereSciBooNE will be here

Fermilab Accelerator Complex and BNB (Booster Neutrino Beam)

21

FNAL BNB （ 2E20 protons for SciBooNE ）

,K+

p

,K-

Relative neutrino fluxes

e

Log

sca

le

E(GeV)

•Directorate recommends planning on 1-2E20 POT/year

From BNL-E910

New HARP data are available soon.

p Be +X Cross Section

pbeam

6.7E20 POT/3 years

0

3

6

Beam Simulation

22

Expected flux spectraAt z=100m At ground level Same energy point

Several detectorlocations: A~H

Very lowEnergy statistics

~1/10

An ideal location of the detector

A

B

C

DE F G

H

deep

Far from the targetHere is BEST

23

Detector Component• SciBar Detector

– From KEK, Japan

• Electron CalorimeterElectron Calorimeter– From KEK, Japan– European collaborators have

the responsibility.

• Muon Range Detector– Will be built at FNAL from

the parts of an old experiment (FNAL-E6xx).

– The material exists and the detailed design is on-going.

beam

SciBar

EC MRD

24

SciBar DetectorSciBar Detector

Extrudedscintillator(15t)

Multi-anodePMT (64 ch.)

Wave-lengthshifting fiber

EM calorimeter

1.7m

3m

3m

• Extruded scintillators with WLS fiber readout

• The scintillators are the neutrino target

• 2.5 x 1.3 x 300 cm3 cell• ~15000 channels• Detect short tracks (>8cm) • Distinguish a proton from a pion by

dE/dx• Total 15 tons

High track finding efficiency (>99%)

Clear identification of ν interaction process

Constructed in summer 2003

25

SciBar ComponentsSciBar Components

64 charge info. 2 timing info.

VME board

Extruded Scintillator (1.3×2.5×300cm3) ・ made by FNAL (same as MINOS)Wave length shifting fiber (1.5mmΦ) ・ Long attenuation length (~350cm) Light Yield : 18.9p.e./cm/MIP

Multi-Anode PMT・ 2×2mm2 pixel (3% cross talk @1.5mmΦ)・ Gain Uniformity (20% RMS) ・ Good linearity (~200p.e. @6×105)Readout electronics with VA/TA• ADC for all 14,400 channels• TDC for 450 sets (32 channels-OR)

Top View

26

4 cm

8 cm

262

cm

Readout Cell

Beam

Fibers

• “spaghetti” calorimeter re-used from CHORUS

• 1mm diameter fibers in the grooves of lead foils

• 4x4cm2 cell read out

from both ends

• 2 planes (11X0)

Horizontal: 30 modules Vertical : 32 modules

• Expected resolution 14%√E

• Linearity: better than 10%

Electron Catcher

27

Event Display (K2K- Data)Event Display (K2K- Data)

p

CCQE candidate(+n+p)

3track eventCC-1 (+p+)

candidate

Large energy deposit in Electron Catcher

e CCQE candidate

proton

electron

• The neutrino events are well observed with a fine resolution.

28

MiniBooNE Cross Section Results

29

MiniBooNE CCQE on CH2

Muon AngleMomentum Transfer

•Deficit of events at low Q2•Corresponds to forward angle muons (good angular resolution)

•Indicates some new physics?

30

MiniBooNE CCQE on CH2

•Shape at higher Q2 disagrees•Corresponds to large angle muons (good angular resolution)

•Indicates higher MA?

Momentum Transfer Muon Angle

31

( 10

-36 c

m2 )

MiniBooNE CC1+ on CH2

• systematic errors due to cross sections (~15%),• photon atten. and scatt. lengths in oil (~20%),• energy scale (~10%)• MiniBooNE result lower than NUANCE prediction

• More consistent with ANL result than BNL result

32

( 10

-36 c

m2 )

• systematic errors due to cross sections (~15%),• photon atten. and scatt. lengths in oil (~20%),• energy scale (~10%)• MiniBooNE result lower than Monte Carlo predictions

• More consistent with ANL result than BNL result

MiniBooNE CC1+ on CH2

33

MiniBooNE NC10 on CH2

• systematic errors:• cross section uncertainties (~15%, 20%)• energy scale (5%)

• MiniBooNE coherent fraction well below Rein-Sehgal and Marteau

34

Conclusions from MB results

• Nuclear targets seem to have unpredicted effects on neutrino event kinematics

• Cross sections (i.e., event rates) differ from predictions– Different rates of signal and BG events

• Flavor BGs and -interaction BGs

• What other surprises are there??

35

Booster Neutrino Beam

36

run (Cross Section)– CC-1 cross section with MA.– CCQE MA measurement– NC 0 measurement– Search for CC coherent – Search for NC coherent 0

– Search for the radiative Delta decay (+N+N’+)– Beam e flux for MiniBooNE eappearance search for MiniBooNE disappearance search

Study interaction to improve MC modeling of those interactions

7. Physics of SciBar at BNBComparison of Comparison of flux spectra flux spectra

at K2K, T2K and BooNEat K2K, T2K and BooNE

Flu

x (

norm

aliz

ed b

y ar

ea)

0 1 2 E (GeV)

T2K

K2K

SciBarat BooNE

37

NeutrinoB.G. (~35%)

• Anti- run– CCQE measurement.

• Negligible BG from .• Energy Dependence and MA can be measured

– CC-1 cross section with MA.– NC 0 measurement

• Also +p+p+0 exclusive final-state search

– Search for CC coherent – Search for NC coherent 0

– Hyperon production in anti- mode

contamination for MiniBooNE anti- measurements.

38

Neutrino run (0.51020 POT)

# of interactions in 10 ton Fiducial Volume

~78,000

e~ 700

cf. K2K-SciBar (0.21020 POT) : ~25,000

The well-developed analysis and MC simulation software in K2K are used for these studies.

Further Improvements are also expected and promising.

39

Event Selection with MRD matching (P, )

CC-QECC-QECC-1CC-1CC-coh. CC-coh. CC-multi CC-multi

1 track1 track

2 track QE2 track QE

2 track non-QE2 track non-QE

~13,500 events QE~67%

~1,970 eventsQE~76%

~2,360 eventsCC-1~49%

PP

PP

PP

40

CC-1+ measurement• Physics motivation for T2K

– Dominant background to disappearance in T2K– The uncertainty of nonQE/QE needs to be known to

~5%

The disappearancemeasurement error(90%CL)

(sin2 2) (m2)

stat. only (nQE/QE)= 5% (nQE/QE)=20%

41

CC-1+ measurement (cont’d)

pp

pp

pp

SciBar has an abilitySciBar has an abilityto separate the finalto separate the finalstatestate

Sensitive to theSensitive to thenuclear effectnuclear effect

Final state ,p, ,n, No pion (nucl. effect)

E distribution for CC-1+

Clear event-by-event Clear event-by-event final-state tagging!final-state tagging!

42

CC-1+ measurement (cont’d)

Selection criteria #(CC-1+)

[events]

Purity Efficiency

Generated in FV 13,892 ------- 100%

CC inclusive sample(SciBar+EC+MRD)

8,977 24.1% 64.6%

# of tracks =2 2,705 32.6% 19.5%

2nd track = MIP-like 1,355 46.8% 9.8%

Additional vertex activity can separateAdditional vertex activity can separate+p+p+p++p+++ from from +n+n+n++n+++

CC-1+ signature:2-track, both are MIP-like

Statistics will allow a 5%Statistics will allow a 5%measurementmeasurement

+ detection efficiencyas a function of P+

+ e

fficie

ncy

Emitted +

43

NC-10 measurement• Physics motivation for T2K

– Dominant background to e appearance in T2K

– Need to be known to 10% level

0

2-ring merged to 1-ring2-ring merged to 1-ringin Cherenkov detectorin Cherenkov detector

200~700MeV/c 200~700MeV/c 00ss 1 2 3 4 5

Exposure /(22.5kt x yr)

10-2

- stat. only- BG=10%- BG=20%

sin

2 2 1

3 s

ensi

tivit

y

44

NC-10 measurement (cont’d)0 detection efficiencyas a function of P0NC-10 event display

• Good efficiency forGood efficiency for high-momentum high-momentum 00

• Reconstructed Reconstructed 00

~800events~800events

0 e

fficie

ncy

Emitted 0

00s are detecteds are detectedas two shower-likeas two shower-liketracks in SciBartracks in SciBar

Additional vertexAdditional vertexactivity can separateactivity can separate+p+p+p++p+00

fromfrom+n+n+n++n+00

45

E distribution of NC-10 interaction

Normalized by theentries up to 5GeV

T2K neutrinos with a 0 for e background (after e selection)

SciBooNE neutrinos with a 0

K2K measurement

46

NC-10 measurement (cont’d)

Projected SciBar at K2K

Projected SciBar at BooNE

(+p+p+0)

10% measurement10% measurement

Map out energy dependence at point where cross section turns over

47

Anti-neutrino run (1.51020 POT)

# of interactions in FV ~40,000

~22,000

48

MRD matching sample (P, ) w/ vertex activity cut

CC-QECC-1CC-coh. CC-multi BG

1 track1 track

2 track QE2 track QE

2 track non-QE2 track non-QE

~9,300 eventsQE~80% BG=7%

~910 events BG~80%

~1,700 events BG~56%CC-1~21%

CC-coh. ~15%

PP

PP

PP

49

Reconstructed E

Anti- QE: ~80%WS BG: ~7%

WS CCQE: ~80%

+n-+p+p++n

Can see the proton ➾ see neutrino background in anti- beam

50

Anti-neutrino CCQE measurement

Physics motivation• The first anti-neutrino CCQE measurement below 1GeV• It is important for T2K phase-II

μμμN

μμNrecν θpEm

mEmE

cos

2/2

CC-QE: CC-QE: + + pp ++ + + nn

• Detected as a 1-track1-track event in SciBar• Can reconstruct neutrino energy

No data

n

(p, )

51

CC-coherent measurement

• CC-coherent : +A+A+A++A+

• Physics motivation– SciBar observed no

CC-coherent production

in the K2K beam

(hep-ex/0506008)

– It will be a good check by using both neutrino and anti-neutrino beam

CLCC

CohCC%90@1060.0

)(

) ( 2

52

CC-coherent measurement (cont’d)

Neutrino Run(0.5x10Neutrino Run(0.5x102020POT)POT) Anti-neutrino Run(1.5x10Anti-neutrino Run(1.5x102020POT)POT)

#(coherent )~160eventsEfficiency = 0.11Purity = 0.44

#(coherent )~240eventsEfficiency = 0.11Purity = 0.49

Rec. QRec. Q22 distribution of final sample distribution of final sample

We can measure in both neutrinoWe can measure in both neutrinoand anti-neutrino beamand anti-neutrino beam

Rec. Q2 (GeV/c)20.1

300

0

Rec. Q2 (GeV/c)20.1

0

200

53

Backup

54

E spectra of NC-10 interaction

<E>=1.2GeV @BNB<E>=1.5GeV @K2K

Neutrinos which produce 0 at BNB(assuming 0 detection efficiency is flat)

Normalized by theentries up to 5GeV

55

NC-10 efficiency as a function of neutrino energy

Estimated by eye-scan of event display

# of

eve

nts

NC-10 interactiongenerated in FV

Events with twoshower-like tracks

NOTE: black histogram includes the events that 0 is not emitted due to nuclear effect

56

Why do the neutrino cross section help future Why do the neutrino cross section help future experiments, like T2K?experiments, like T2K?

• Observables ∝ Flux() efficiency ()

E(GeV)

K2K-ND ☺☺(HARP)

Some results

Well- understood

1.3

MiniBooNE ☺☺(HARP)

Under Progress

Under calibration & tuning

0.7

SciBar@BNB

☺☺(HARP)

Will be good

Well- understood

0.7

T2K-ND280 ☻☻?? ?? ----- need some time

0.7

MINERA ☺☺(MIPP)

----- ?? 2~5?

☺☺☺☺☺☺

57

SciBar Installation (1)

58

SciBar Installation (2)

59

SciBar Installation – complete !

60

Calculating the BNB primary p Be + X interactions:

• Sanford-Wang parameterization fit to E910 hadron production data, 6 and 12 GeV

• Parametrization

• allows extrapolation from various data sets (different pbeam

)

• allows interpolation of cross section tables between existing experimental data

• E910 publication in preparation

• HARP will nail down production at 8 GeV with small errors (use E910 fit as cross check)

Size of JAM errorat our Pbeam

GFLUKA prediction(no error shown)

12.3 GeV/c E910 beryllium Data Y. C

ho et al., Phys. R

ev. D4, 1967 (1971)

J.Link, C

olumb ia

61

BNB Proton Delivery

• Directorate recommends planning on 1-2E20 POT• We assume 2E20 POT in a one year run

– 0.5E20 POT in mode, 1.5E20 in mode– This is consistent with FNAL Proton Plan

62

HARP Beryllium Thin Target Results

Preliminary

Preliminary double differential + production cross sections from the Be 5% target are available

0.75 < p < 5 GeV/c

30 < < 210 mrad

Momentum and Angular distribution of pions decaying to neutrinos that pass through the MB detector.

p(GeV/c) (

mra

d)

Dave Schmitz – Columbia University

63

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Total: 8.7% 4.7%

For HARP p Al X

Similar systematics expected for Be

HARP data taken with thick targets will measure K fluxes

64

Neutrino fluxes at different locations

• Study neutrino flux, event rates at various locations

• Consider physics potential at each location– Total flux, energy spectrum, /K fractions, WS

BGs, cost

• Overwhelming conclusion:– On-Axis Location at 100 m is the best choice

65A

B

C

DE F G

H

Expected neutrino fluxAt z=100m At ground level Same energy point

Several detectorlocations: A~H

Very lowEnergy statistics

~1/10

66

Conclusions from detector location study

• On-axis is the best position.• At location B (z=100m, y=300cm), neutrino energy is

slightly lower and the total event rate is ~half the on-axis position.

• At locations C~G– neutrino energy is too low to be of interest to next generation

oscillation searches– Intriguing wrong sign and /K mixes negated by low statistics

• At location H, neutrino energy is same as that of on-axis position, but statistics ~10 smaller.