1 safe and attractive infrastructure traffic law in practice prepared by difu, presented by tilman...
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Safe and Attractive InfrastructureTraffic Law in Practice
Prepared by Difu, presented by Tilman Bracher.
Pardubice, 22nd February 2012
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Content
1. Cycling in Germany’s Federal structure: divided responsibilities and funding on the national / regional / local levels and between the municipalities
2. Traffic law and Infrastructure rules - legal framework for road safety and mutual respect
3. Other issues in the legal environment to encourage cycling
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3CMB Expert Seminar, Pardubice,
22nd February 2012
Administrative District
Regional Level: Länder
Federal Level
Community Level (Cities and Municipalities)Responsible for Cycling: planning and implementation of specific projects
Government structure in Germany
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16
10. 000, - 98% belonging to 350 administrative districts
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Compulsory responsibilities in Transportation
Municipalities / districts upkeep and construction of municipal roadways and paths Land use planning
Länder (regional) (16 lander) upkeep and construction of state roads regional trains; school education; building standards
Federal level (1) Motorways and Federal highways (including cycle paths) Road safety Legal framework (eg. traffic code & standards, taxation) Indirect: climate protection, health care, environment
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policy documents and specific projects (political decision & administratice capacity)
Local Local policy documents (eg. cycling plan, mobility strategy) specific projects (campaigns, parking stands)
Länder (regional) policy documents (integrated & cycling) specific funds (eg. Bike & Ride provision at stations) Specific projects (e.g. tourism routes, coordination of joint
municipal working group)Federal level
Nat. Cycling Strategy, provision of tools, capacity building Pilot projects & research (e.g. on public bicycles)
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6CMB Expert Seminar, Pardubice,
22nd February 2012
Funding non-investment measures
Administrative District
Regional Level: Länder
Federal Level
Local Level (Cities and Municipalities)Responsible for Cycling: planning and implementation of specific projects
Investment Funding
Funding principleEU sources
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Division of Responsibilities: Other stakeholders
Federal Level bodies and stakeholders: FGSV - Road and Transport Research Ass.: Road and Cycling
Manuals
BASt –Federal Road Office – Safety research, UBA Federal Environment Office – Climate Protection strategy, ….
Deutscher Verkehrssicherheitsrat / Deutsche Verkehrswacht – School education / pool of volunteers
NGOs, Bicycle industry and sales
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Policy papers, design manuals, legal standards
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National Collaboration body B/L-AK
Government-Länder joint Working Group formed in 1998Coordination by BMBVS unit in charge of cycling Members representing: Several Federal Ministries All Länder Leading Municipal Associations Deutsche Bahn (German Railways) Cyclist Associations Difu Other Players
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capacity building by Bicycle portal www.nrvp.de
Public repository of pooled know-how with 5000 entries onResearch % documentsfederal initiatives and funding measures, (inter)national practical examples literature database News, calender
Internal area for cooperation and coordination among experts working on the federal level.Newsletter to 1500 recipients
English section www.nrvp.de/en CyE download section news updates international practice
examples
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11CMB Expert Seminar, Pardubice,
22nd February 2012
General Objectives• Increase the cycle traffic share in
Germany by 2012• Promote cycling as a part of
sustainable, integrated transport policy
• Promote modern socially acceptable and environmentally friendly local mobility in line with the mission statement „city of short distance“
• Improve road safetyNon-investive project fundingSecond NRVP 2013-2020 abead
Germany‘s firstNational Cycling Plan (NRVP) 2002-2012
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12CMB Expert Seminar, Pardubice,
22nd February 201212
Campaigns funded by NRVP 2002 - 2012
Non infrastructure project funding from >2 Mio € in 2002 to ~>10 Mio. € in 2009
Bicycle Friendly Personality 2009Klaus Töpfer / Source: wikipedia.de
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Bicycle Academy Special Program in Berlin & all lander
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Capacity building: New highway code information in 2009
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14CMB Expert Seminar, Pardubice,
22nd February 2012
Issue of harmonization between Design Manual and rules for administration
• Cycle lane application• Cycle path & lane standards• Road marking standards• (cyclists) safety prior to (car) traffic
flow
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Responsibility for cycling within the local administration
Autonomy of Municipalities Primary responsibilitiy for urban and transport planning and
policyHow to integrate bicycling in the public administration?
No single bicycle coordinator - getting bicycling into the mainstream (e.g. Münster, München)
Bicycle coordinator at the major’s office (if major is committed), for cycling a cross-cutting task
Bicycle coordinator within planning or engineering unit (eg. Nuremberg, Leipzig)
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Consortium of Bicycle-Friendly Cities, NRW (AGFS)
Succes StoryAGFS offers array of brochures on
specialist topics Conventions Competitions guideline for new
members with its view on how to pursue a successful cycling policy
57 members of the AGFS on the 1st of March 2010 in red (cities) and orange (municipalities).
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17CMB Expert Seminar, Pardubice,
22nd February 2012
€money
Level of target
Attitude
Level of target
Historic examples: train, car, speed limit, low emission zones, (re)integrating cycling, integrated transformation of roads
Low hanging fruits are easy to harvest
The first steps are mostdifficult
First, a comment on the principles of funding
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Funding structure
• Infrastructure construction, maintenance and operation• Data per Kilometer / per Inhabitant
• Cycling expenditure• German communities range from 0.5 to 8 €/Inhabitant p.y. • Example of Berlin 2010: 3 €/inh.• Best Practice (NL): 20 €/inhabitant p.y.
• Lander + Bund (each): 1 €/inhabitant p.y. • Best Practice (BB): 5 €/inh.
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traffic law principles• Road law: all roads are for
general public use • Specifications for Federal
long distance roads• Traffic code: Rules for
behaviour of motorists, cyclists and pedestrians
• Rules for traffic authority (eg. on signalling and standards)
• Imlementation, control standards & sanctions
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Legal Practice
Existing traffic law incorporates a change of paradigm •Accepting cyclists as full members of traffic; •Safety prior to traffic flow•No longer: Cycle paths should cyclists out of way of motor traffic
•Lack of implementation of existing law: updated regulation widely not known (nevertheless responsible for legal issues).
– Lack of capacity building in municipal staff – Deficits in actual knowledge– (inefficient) priorities of control not according to accident
profilesExpertenforum NRVP am 16. Juni 2011 in
Berlin
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20 years discussion on mandatory cycle paths
Accident hot spots•on-board cycle paths at intersections (blind angle)•In particular when driving on the left side•On-board cycle paths not suitable in dense conditions (lack of space, loading, parking…)Recommendations>> differentiated result fromreseach (e.g. car frequenciesversus mixing the modes >> no cycle path sometimes better than a poor quality one
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2nd amendment StVO in Germany in september 2009 (repeatition summer 2012)
Criteria for better cycling facilites in administrative instructions (VwV-StVO),closely linked with state of the art on cycling facilities (ERA 2010)
„mandatory use“ only in exeptional casesContra-flow cycling in 30 kmh roadsCycling streets at 30 kmhCyclists on bus lanesBetter protection of pedestrians, ……..
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Cycling law issues identified in Czech Republic In 2011: Cycle
Conference (www.cyckloconference.cz) with 5 subjects, to identify the potentials for the Czech legal framework
Some comments (for further debate)
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Cycling issues identified in Czech Republic and corresponding experiences in Europe
1. Turning: between road and sidewalk (pedestrians + cyclists have priority), combined right of way (not with pedestrians), one-way streets (> priority for on road bicycle lanes at intersections)
2. Signalized intersections and bicycle lanes (> joint signalization, free right turns (> practice, but not legal)
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Cycling issues identified in Czech Republic and corresponding experiences in Europe
3. Riding in lanes: multipurpose lane (“advisory safety lane”) good experience;roundabouts without cycle lanesbicycle streets rare
4. Crossing: cycle path at minor street good marking, colored pavement, bicycle box for advanced cycle use, indirect left turn as a second option
5. Relation among users: speed reduction 70 kmh on minor rural roads, 30 innerurban, common space with pedestrians for access traffic needed, priority to pedestrians
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Other issues in the legal environment to encourage cycling
Technical standards for bicycles / pedelecs (EU)
Taxation system (Belgium: subsidies for employees, red. VAT for repair (EU permission))
House construction legislation (Berlin: quality bicycle parking)
Land use plans (formal road planning procedures)
Public transport plans and contracts
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Difu GmbH
Tilman BracherJörg Thiemann-Linden
Zimmerstrasse 13-1510969 Berlin
++49 30 39001-138www.nrvp.de, [email protected]
Thank you.