1 reporting internals from a reports point of view renee teatro customer support services

1

Reporting Internals From a Reports Point of View

Renee TeatroCustomer Support Services

Copyright 2007, Information Builders. Slide 2

Author: Cesare Petrizio Company: Information Builders Presentation Title: Reporting Internals From a Reports Point of View Abstract: This presentation looks at what FOCUS is doing under the

covers when a TABLE is executed in FOCUS on any platform, or through WEBFOCUS. Also, the TABLE could be against a FOCUS file, MSS TABLE, VSAM, etc. Application developers can create more efficient requests when they understand how FOCUS sets up to retrieve data from FOCUS files, Relational TABLEs, and other non-FOCUS data sources. Learn the answers to such questions as: When would an index be more efficient? One pass or two? DEFINE vs. COMPUTE? What is AUTOPATH and AUTOINDEX, and what do they mean in terms of efficiency?

Presentation Information


Agenda

Reporting Internals Retrieval Internals

Analysis Phase Retrieval Phase Internal Matrix Generation

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Analysis Phase

Open and CHECK Master File Descriptions

Verify DBA access to file(s)

Determine I/O access modules required

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CHECK FILE EMPLOYEE NUMBER OF ERRORS= 0 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS= 2 ( REAL= 2 VIRTUAL= 0 ) NUMBER OF FIELDS= 6 INDEXES= 0 FILES= 1 TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL FIELDS= 46

CHECK FILE KIDS NUMBER OF ERRORS= 0 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS= 1 ( REAL= 1 VIRTUAL= 0 ) NUMBER OF FIELDS= 3 INDEXES= 0 FILES= 1 TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL FIELDS= 33

CHECK FILE SPICE NUMBER OF ERRORS= 0 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS= 1 ( REAL= 1 VIRTUAL= 0 ) NUMBER OF FIELDS= 2 INDEXES= 1 FILES= 1 TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL FIELDS= 29

Analysis Phase The CHECK FILE

Is This A Good Sign?

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Analysis Phase The Files

FILE=EMPLOYEE,SUFFIX=FOC

SEGNAME=SEG1,SEGTYPE=S1

FIELD=EMP_ID, EID,A9,$

FIELD=FIRST_NAME, FN,A15,$

FIELD=LAST_NAME, LN,A15,$

SEGNAME=INSSEG,SEGTYPE=SH2

FIELD=COVER_DT, ,YMD,$

FIELD=TYPE_COVER, ,A3,$

FIELD=FAMILY, ,A1,$

FILE=KIDS,SUFFIX=SQLMSS

SEGNAME=SEGK,SEGTYPE=S2

FIELD=EMP_ID, EID ,A9,$

FIELD=CHILD_DOB, CDOB ,YYMD,$

FIELD=CHILD_NAME, CNAME ,A20,$

FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=XFOC

SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S1

FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, INDEX=I,$

FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20,$

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Any DBA Specified?

What Type Of File Access Method(s)


Retrieval Internals

Retrieve

DEFINE

JOIN

Screening

FOCUS or External Sort

Aggregation

COUNT/MIN/MAX

TOTAL Screens

COMPUTE

Format

Extracts

Analysis Report

Generator

Sort File

OutputGenerator

RETYPE

REPLOT

HOLD

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Retrieval InternalsThe Files XFOCUS

FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=FOC




FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=XFOC




Are Any Of The Following Different?

DEFINEs

Selection Test

JOINs

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FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX= SQLMSS


FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, A9 ,$

FIELD=SPOUSE,SPOUSE_NME,A20 ,A20,$


Retrieval InternalsExample

SH2KU

KEMP_ID

SPOUSE

JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS AJ

EMP_ID

FIRST_NAME

LAST_NAME

COVER_DT

TYPE_COVER

FAMILY

JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMP_ID IN KIDS AS BJ

EMP_ID

CHILD_DOB

CHILD_NAME

K

KM

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JOIN SYNTAX


JOIN field1 [WITH rfield] IN hostfile [TAG tag1] TO [ALL] field2 IN crfile [TAG tag2] [AS name][END]

where:field1, field2 - Are the fields common to both Master Files. WITH rfield1 - Use only if field1 is a virtual field; assigns a logical home with a real field in the host file. hostfile - Is the host Master File. TAG tag1 - Is a tag name of up to eight characters (usually the name of the Master File), which is used as a

unique qualifier for fields and aliases in the host file. The tag name for the host file must be the same in all the JOIN commands of a joined structure. ALL - Use if non-unique relationships exist in the target file. crfile - Is the target or cross-referenced Master File. TAG tag2 - Is a tag name of up to eight characters (usually the name of the Master File), which is used as a unique qualifier for fields and aliases in the cross-referenced file. In a recursive joined structure, if no tag name is provided, all field names and aliases are prefixed with the first four characters of the join name. AS name - Assigns a name to the JOIN structure. You must assign a unique name to a join structure if:

• You want to ensure that a subsequent JOIN command will not overwrite it. • You want to clear it selectively later. • The structure is recursive, and you do not specify tag names.

END q

RETRIEVAL VIEW OF FOCJNT FILE EMPLOYEE ON 03/16/09 AT 09.04.14 SEG01 01 S1 ************** *PIN ** *FIRSTNAME ** *LASTNAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I SEGS 02 I KU .............. :EMP_ID :K :SPOUSE : : : : : : : :............: JOINEDI SPICE I +-----------------+ I I I KIDS01 I INSSEG 03 I KM 04 I SH2 .............. ************** :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DATE ** :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER ** :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY ** : :: * ** : :: * ** :............:: *************** .............: ************** JOINED KIDS


JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS AJJOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMPID IN KIDS AS BJ

STRUCTURE OF FOCJNT FILE EMPLOYEE ON 03/16/09 AT 09.05.56 SEG01 01 S1 ************** *PIN ** *FIRSTNAME ** *LASTNAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I +-----------------+-----------------+ I I I I SEGS I KIDS01 I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I KM 04 I SH2 .............. .............. ************** :EMP_ID :K :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DATE ** :SPOUSE : :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER ** : : :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY ** : : : :: * ** : : : :: * ** :............: :............:: *************** JOINED SPICE .............: ************** JOINED KIDS


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PIN FIRSTNAME LASTNAME EMP_ID SPOUSE EMP_ID CHILD_DOB CHILD_NAME000000010 DANIEL VALINO 000000010 SANDY 000000010 2000/01/31 Nick

000000020 MICHAEL BELLA 000000020 NANCY 000000020 1979/12/31 Alan

000000020 MICHAEL BELLA 000000020 NANCY 000000020 1980/01/31 Walter

000000020 MICHAEL BELLA 000000020 NANCY 000000020 1999/03/31 Betty

000000030 LOIS CASSANOVA 000000030 WILLIAM 000000030 1976/01/31 CASSIE

000000040 RUTH ADAMS 000000040 BOB 000000040 2003/01/31 ANN

000000050 PETER ADDAMS 000000050 CAROL 000000050 2006/01/31 JACK

000000060 DORINA PATEL 000000060 ALFRED 000000060 2000/12/31 WILLY

000000070 EVELYN SANCHEZ 000000070 JAMES 000000070 2008/08/30 JOSE

000000080 PAMELA SO . . .

000000090 MARIANNE PULASKI . . .

000000100 TIM ANDERSON . . .

SET ALL=ONJOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS AJJOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMPID IN KIDS AS BJTABLE FILE EMPLOYEEPRINT *END


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Updated JOIN syntax

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JOIN [LEFT_OUTER|INNER] hfld1 [AND hfld2 ...] IN hostfile [TAG tag1] TO [UNIQUE|MULTIPLE]crfield [AND crfld2 ...] IN crfile [TAG tag2] [AS joinname]END

where:INNER - LEFT_OUTER - Specifies an left outer join or inner join.

hfld1 - AND hfld2... Is the name of a field(s) in the host file

IN hostfile - Is the name of the host file.

TAG tag1 - is a tag name of up to eight characters which is used as a unique qualifier for fields

TO [UNIQUE|MULTIPLE] crfld1 - Is the name of a field in the cross-referenced file

AND crfld2... - Is the name of a field in the cross-referenced file with values in common with hfld2.

IN crfile - Is the name of the cross-referenced file.

TAG tag2 - Is a tag name of up to eight characters

AS joinname - Is an optional name of up to eight characters that you may assign to the join structure.


Analysis

Retrieve DEFINE field expressions for pertinent files

Read and parse the request

Check DBA and set up access restrictions at SEGMENT and FIELD levels

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DEFINE

Segment is determined by: WITH field Fields used in expression

Constant expressions are evaluated when file is opened (segment 0)

DEFINEs are evaluated ONLY if required by requestDEFINEs are evaluated at detail level only

Each DEFINE field is associated with a specific segment

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Analysis

Activate fields (real and DEFINEd) Read USE list and/or check Access Files and

FILEDEF/ALLOCATES Open and Verify files Invoke the Data adapter

Activate segments: referenced subtree(s) – smallest subtree which contains “root” and every segment referenced directly or indirectly (HEADING PARENT AND GRAND CHILD)

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Retrieval InternalsThe Files

SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I INSSEG 02 I SH2 ************** *COVER_DT ** *TYPE_COVER ** *FAMILY ** * ** * ** *************** **************

SEGK 01 S2 ************** *EMP_ID ** *CHILD_DOB ** *CHILD_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** **************

SEGS 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID **I*SPOUSE ** * ** * ** * ** *************** **************

KIDS EMPLOYEE SPICE

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SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I +-----------------+-----------------+ I I I I SEGS I SEGK I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I KM 04 I SH2 .............. .............. ************** :EMP_ID :K :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DT **:SPOUSE : :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER **: : :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY **: : : :: * **: : : :: * **:............: :............:: *************** JOINED SPICE .............: ************** JOINED KIDS

Retrieval Internals

JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS J1

SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I +-----------------+ I I I SEGS I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I SH2 .............. ************** :EMP_ID :K *COVER_DT **:SPOUSE : *TYPE_COVER **: : *FAMILY **: : * **: : * **:............: *************** JOINED SPICE **************

JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO ALL EMP_ID IN KIDS AS J2

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Retrieval Internals

DEFINE FILE EMPLOYEE

INS_TYPE/A6 = DECODE TYPE_COVER(DDS 'DENTAL'

EYE 'VISION' MDS 'HEALTH' ELSE 'OTHER');

TODAY/YYMD = '&YYMD';

AGE/I3 = (TODAY - CHILD_DOB) / 365.25;

END TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE

PRINT INS_TYPE

CHILD_NAME AGE

BY LAST_NAME BY FIRST_NAME

BY SPOUSE

IF AGE LE 20

END

Seg 4 Define Based on TYPE_COVER

Seg 0 Define (No Reference) Seg 3 Define Based on

CHILD_DOB

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SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I +-----------------+-----------------+ I I I I SEGS I SEGK I INSSEG 02 I KU 03 I KM 04 I SH2 .............. .............. ************** :EMP_ID :K :EMP_ID ::K *COVER_DT **:SPOUSE : :CHILD_DOB :: *TYPE_COVER **: : :CHILD_NAME :: *FAMILY **: : : :: * **: : : :: * **:............: :............:: *************** JOINED SPICE .............: ************** JOINED KIDS

Retrieval InternalsSegment Activation

TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE PRINT INS_TYPE

CHILD_NAME AGE


BY SPOUSE

IF AGE LE 20 END

Seg 1 Activated by FIRST_NAME and LASTNAME

Seg 2 Activated by SPOUSE

Seg 3 Activated by CHILD_DOB and CHILD_NAME

Seg 4 Activated by TYPE_COVER Via INS_TYPE DEFINE

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Retrieval InternalsField Activation

Fields Mentioned in the Body of TABLE are ACTIVATED FIRST_NAME LASTNAME SPOUSE CHILD_NAME

CHILD_DOB (Via AGE DEFINE) TYPE_COVER (Via INS_TYPE

DEFINE)

DEFINE FILE EMPLOYEE

INS_TYPE/A6 = DECODE TYPE_COVER(DDS 'DENTAL'

EYE 'VISION' MDS 'HEALTH' ELSE 'OTHER');

TODAY/YYMD = '&YYMD';

AGE/I3 = (TODAY - CHILD_DOB) / 365.25;

END TABLE FILE EMPLOYEE

PRINT INS_TYPE

CHILD_NAME AGE


BY SPOUSE

IF AGE LE 20

END

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Retrieval

Unique segments are promoted into path of parent and are never missing

IF/WHERE tests on database fields are evaluated upon retrieval

DEFINE fields are evaluated if needed IF/WHERE tests are evaluated on DEFINE fields on

segment by segment basis, AFTER all other selection tests are passed

Each Path is processed independently, and fields are merged on common sort fields

Retrieval is “Top Down, Left Right” within the referencedsub-tree

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Retrieval Order of Retrieval – FOCUS & XFOCUS Files

Root segment instances are obtained in physical order

Lower level instances obtained in SEGTYPE order within parent segment

TABLEF Root and child segment instances are obtained in

SEGTYPE order No sorting

TABLE/GRAPH/MATCH

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Retrieval Order of Retrieval – FOCUS Files

When Fieldname is not indexedSegment containing “fieldname” becomes

ROOT of the view, and is retrieved physically When Fieldname is indexed

Segment containing “fieldname” is accessed via the equality test on INDEX

Other segments become children of the new root segment

TABLE FILE filename.fieldname

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Retrieval InternalsAUTOPATH - Two Masters And How It Treats Seg1

JOIN EMP_ID IN EMPLOYEE TO EMP_ID IN SPICE AS J1SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I + I I SEGS 02 I KU .............. :EMP_ID :K :SPOUSE : : : : : : : :............: JOINED SPICE

FILE=EMPLOYEE,SUFFIX=SQL





FILE=SPICE,SUFFIX=SQL


FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, $


TABLE FILE EMPLOYEEPRINT SPOUSEEND

HOW MANY SEGMENTS DO WE READ?

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2 Root SEG always gets read


Retrieval InternalsAUTOPATH - Single Master And How It Treats Seg1

SEG1 01 S1 ************** *EMP_ID ** *FIRST_NAME ** *LAST_NAME ** * ** * ** *************** ************** I + I I SEGS 02 I KU .............. :EMP_ID :K :SPOUSE : : : : : : : :............: JOINED SPICE

FILE=EMPLOYEE,SUFFIX=SQL





SEGNAME=SEGS,SEGTYPE=S0, PARENT =SEG1,

FIELD=EMP_ID, EID, A9, $


TABLE FILE EMPLOYEEPRINT SPOUSEEND

HOW MANY SEGMENTS DO WE READ?

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1 SEGS - AUTOPATH


Retrieval Order of Retrieval

Alternate Physical View is created through the referenced segment highest in the hierarchy

AUTOINDEX =ON Alternate Indexed View is created if there is an Equality test

specified for an indexed field on the referenced segment highest in the hierarchy

AUTOSTRATEGY = ON Determines when FOCUS stops the search for a key field

specified in a WHERE or IF test. When set to ON, the search ends when the key field is found

FIXRETRIEVE = ON Equality IF/WHERE test on primary specified sort field in

single segment FIX file will terminate retrieval as soon as possible

AUTOPATH = ON

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Retrieval Autostrategy – FOCUS Files

IL MI

20012002 1999 1998 1997 1998 1997 1996

WHERE DATE EQ ‘1999’

1 STATE=IL, DATE=2002 Continue Search2 STATE=IL, DATE=2001 Continue Search3 STATE=IL, DATE=1999 Continue Search4 STATE=IL, DATE=1998 Next Parent5 STATE=MI, DATE=1999 Next Parent

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FIXED Files

ENGLAND JAGUAR

ENGLAND JENSEN

ENGLAND TRIUMPH

FRANCE PEUGEOT

ITALY AUDI

JAPAN……

WHERE COUNTRY EQ ‘FRANCE’

Retrieval Stops When:

SET FIXRETRIEVE = ON

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Retrieval Multiple Paths

Unique segments are always in the path of their parent

Unique segments are SEGTYPE = U, KU, DKU, KLU JOIN TO creates DKU segments JOIN TO ALL creates DKM segments

TABLE/MATCH/GRAPH Instances from each path will be merged in the sort

process by the common parent(s)TABLEF does not merge data from multiple pathsAlternate file views can be used to create single pathsSET MULTIPATH controls multiple path retrieval

Retrieval is performed for each path separately

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Multiple Paths

ARRIVE_TIME

ARR_FLIGHT

ARR_FROM

DEPART_TIME

DEP_FLIGHT

DEPART_TO

Airport

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Multiple Paths

DEFINE FILE AIRPORTS.ARRIVE_TIMEDELAY=DEPART_TIME – ARRIVE_TIME;ENDTABLE FILE AIRPORTS.ARRIVE_TIMEPRINT DEP_FLIGHT DEPART_TIMEWHERE AIRPORT EQ ‘O’’HARE’WHERE DELAY GT 60WHERE DEPART_TO EQ ‘LAX’WHERE ARR_FROM EQ ‘TOR’END

ARRIVE_TIME

ARR_FLIGHT

ARR_FROM

DEPART_TIME

DEP_FLIGHT

DEPART_TO

Airport

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Multiple Paths

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SEGTOP01 S1***************FAMILY *** *** *** *** ******************************* I +-----------------+ I I I SEG1 I SEG202 I S1 03 I S1************** ***************COLLEGE ** *INVESTMENT *** ** * *** ** * *** ** * *** ** * ***************** ***************


Retrieval Multiple Paths Instances

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LASTRA WANG WHITE

YALE YALE

SCHWAB SCHWAB

Family

College

Investment

Actual Data Layout



Multiple Paths

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TABLE FILE SAMPLE" SET MULTIPATH= &MULTIPATH "PRINT FAMILY COLLEGE INVESTMENT END


FAMILY COLLEGE INVESTMENT

WANG YALE SCHWAB

WHITE YALE .

LASTRA . SCHWAB

SET MULTIPATH= SIMPLE

FAMILY COLLEGE INVESTMENT

WANG YALE SCHWAB

SET MULTIPATH= COMPOUND


Retrieval Short Paths

High level segments with missing referenced descendents rejected (short path)

SET ALL=ON High level segments with missing referenced descendents

accepted (missing fails IF/WHERE tests) SET ALL=PASS

High level segments with qualified or missing referenced descendents accepted (missing passes IF/WHERE tests)

Valid only for FOCUS files SET ALL=SQL (coming in 7.7)

SET ALL=OFF

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A B

2

C

21

&ALL &IF RESULT ON A 1, A 2, B .,C 2&ALL &IF RESULT OFF A 1, A 2, C 2

A B

2

C

21

&ALL &IF RESULT ON SSN EQ 1 A 1

A B

2

C

21


SET ALL = &ALLTABLE FILE DEPTSPRINT *&IFEND

DEPT

SSN

SEX

LNAME

I

I

&ALL &IF RESULT PASS SSN EQ 1 A 1, B .

A B

2

C

21

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A B

2

C

21

DEPT

SSN

SEX

LNAME

I

I

A B

2

C

21


SET ALL=PASS

TABLE FILE DEPTS

PRINT DEPT SSN

WHERE SSN EQ 1 AND SSN EQ 2

END

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RetrievalJOIN TO MULTIPLE

INNER

LEFT OUTER

JOIN INNER key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1

OR

SET ALL = OFF JOIN key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1

JOIN LEFT_OUTER key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1

OR

SET ALL =ONJOIN key IN filea TO MULTIPLE key in fileb AS J1


RetrievalJOIN TO UNIQUE

FOCUS MANAGED JOIN

SET ALL= IRRELEVANT

ALWAYS A LEFT OUTER JOIN

ONLY ONE MATCHING RECORD RETRIEVED

MISSING RECORD ARE DISPLAYED WITH DEFAULT VALUES

ADAPTER (RELATIONAL) MANAGED JOIN

SET ALL= RELEVANT

MAY BE LEFT OUTER JOIN OR INNER JOIN BASED ON ALL

ALL=ON LEFT_OUTER

ALL=OFF INNER

ALL MATCHING RECORD RETRIEVED

MISSING RECORD ARE DISPLAYED WITH DEFAULT VALUES


RetrievalShort Paths

DEPT

SSN

DEPT

LNAME

I

I

A B C

C1

A2

A1

JOIN DEPT IN DEPT1 TO DEPT IN EMP AS AJ

TABLE FILE DEPT1

PRINT DEPT

WHERE DEPT1.DEPT NE EMP.DEPT

END

A B C

C1

A2

A1

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Referenced, not present, Unique Segments are defaulted to blanks for alpha fields, zeros for numeric's

Unique segments do not create short paths. Therefore, ALL settings are irrelevant for Unique segments.

Unique segments (U, KU, DKU, and KLU) are never considered missing

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FOCWIZARDISM

Missing Referenced Descendents Of

Missing Unique Segments Revert To:

ALL=OFF logic

EMPDATA 01 S1 ************** *PIN **I *LASTNAME ** *FIRSTNAME ** *MIDINITIAL ** * ** *************** ************** I I I I PERSONAL 02 I KU .............. :PIN :K :INCAREOF : :STREETNO : :APT : :STATE :I :............: JOINEDI PERSINFO I I I I ONE 03 I KU .............. :STATE :K :FULLNAME : : : : : : : :............: JOINED STATENAME

Can’t get here

If This Segment Is Missing

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Internal Matrix Generation

One row for each distinct combination of sort keys

One column for each verb object Computed columns, row and column totals,

subtotals, and summaries are not yet done All data is in internal form

The output of the SORT/MERGE phase is conceptually a matrix

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Internal Matrix Generation

Fields following a verbFields used in COMPUTEs not previously

mentionedFields used in HEADINGs or FOOTINGsFields used in SUBHEADs or SUBFOOTs, not

previously mentionedMISSING fields are not counted

Sort FieldsBY fieldsACROSS fields (used as BY at sort phase)FOCLIST (verb is PRINT or LIST)

Verb Objects (both SUM and COUNT are calculated)

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Internal Matrix GenerationMultiple Verb Sets

SUM SALES BY DIVISION

SUM SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR

LIST SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR

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Internal Matrix GenerationMultiple Verb Sets

EAST 210

NORTH 150

SOUTH 30

WEST 10

SUM SALES BY DIVISION

1 40

2 60

3 110

1 60

2 90

1 10

2 20

1 10

99 100

00 110

99 60

00 90

99 30

99 10

DIV SALES

SUM SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR

YEAR SALESLIST SALES BY DIVISION BY YEAR

FOCLIST SALES

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Multi verb option - WITHIN

Use WITHIN Phrase To Manipulate Field's Values Aggregated Within BY

Can Be Used With A Prefix Operator

Up To 64 Fields In A Display Command When Using The WITHIN Phrase

WITHIN Phrase Requires A BY Phrase And/Or An ACROSS Phrase

A Maximum Of Two WITHIN Phrases Can Be Used Per Display Field If One WITHIN Phrase Is Used, It Must Act On A BY Phrase

If Two WITHIN Phrases Are Used The First Must Act On A By Phrase The Second On An ACROSS Phrase.

You Can Also Use WITHIN table Returns The Value WITHIN A Request WITHIN Table Can Be Used When An ACROSS Phrase Is Needed Without A BY

Phrase A Single WITHIN Phrase Requires A BY Phrase

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Multi verb option - WITHIN

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TABLE FILE CARSUMCNT.SALES AS 'COUNT,OF,MODELS,WITHIN,CAR'CNT.SALES WITHIN COUNTRY AS 'TOTAL,MODELS,WITHIN,COUNTRY'PCT.CNT.SALES WITHIN COUNTRY AS 'PERCENT,OF,MODELS,WITHIN,COUNTRY'CNT.SALES WITHIN TABLE AS 'TOTAL,COUNT,OF,MODELS,ALL COUNTRIES'PCT.CNT.SALES WITHIN TABLE AS 'PERCENT,OF,MODELS,ALL COUNTRIES'BY COUNTRYBY CAREND COUNT PERCENT TOTAL

OF TOTAL OF COUNT PERCENT MODELS MODELS MODELS OF OF WITHIN WITHIN WITHIN MODELS MODELS COUNTRY CAR CAR COUNTRY COUNTRY ALL COUNTRIES ALL COUNTRIES ------- --- ------ ------- ------- ------------- ------------- ENGLAND JAGUAR 2 4 50.00 18 11.11 JENSEN 1 4 25.00 18 5.56 TRIUMPH 1 4 25.00 18 5.56 FRANCE PEUGEOT 1 1 100.00 18 5.56 ITALY ALFA ROMEO 3 4 75.00 18 16.67 MASERATI 1 4 25.00 18 5.56 JAPAN DATSUN 1 2 50.00 18 5.56 TOYOTA 1 2 50.00 18 5.56 W GERMANY AUDI 1 7 14.29 18 5.56 BMW 6 7 85.71 18 33.33


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