1 radovan kopecek, bifi pv psda, antofagasta (chile) 2015
TRANSCRIPT
Bifacial PV: one small step for technology, one giant leap for kWh cost reduction
Radovan Kopecek et al.
International Solar Energy Research Center (ISC), Konstanz, GERMANY
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 2
THANKS!!!!
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 3
Summary of first day
- Chile has a huge potential
- but also great scientists and R&D
- that makes the cooperation between Germany and Chile extremely fruitful
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 4
Photovoltaics in 2014
feed in tariff in Germany
2014 CAPACITY: production 45GW, installed 48GW >> cumulative 187 GW, (60GW expected in 2015) COSTS: modules for 0.55-65€/Wp, systems for 1.20-1.40€/Wp >> in Germany: 8-10ct/kWh
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 5
“new bifacial history” and future
2000
2015
2020+
monofacial bifacialBIFACIAL!!
monofacial
- No albedo!!- Too expensive!>> NONSENSE
- up to 30% gain- save BOS>> FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
?
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
bifiPV workshops and publications in 2014/2015
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
bifiPV workshop in May 2014
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
bifiPV workshop: STANDARTISATION
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
EUPVSEC in September 2014
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
PV international from December 2014
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
PV tech Blog 13th January 2015
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
PV tech Blog 13th January 2015
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We are very confident that bifaciality will become an extremely important technology, for the following reasons:
1) High-efficiency solar cell technologies are getting bifacial anyhow (passivated rear-side of advanced concepts make this possible);2) Many module producers are introducing or even completely switching to glass-glass modules (thin glass becomes cost effective and glass-glass leads to longer lifetime of a module);3) Balance of system (BOS) costs are approaching a level that is hard to be further reduced and consequently high power modules (smaller area of system lead to lower costs) are the only way to achieve a further reduction of the total system cost.
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
PV tech Blog 13th January 2015
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In order to reach the same energy yield (kWh/kWp) as a bifacial PV system based on modules with 20% efficient bifacial solar cells, operating with a bifacial gain of 15%, a standard monofacial PV system requires the use of expensive 23% efficient monofacial solar cells.
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
PV tech Blog 13th January 2015
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Advanced c-Si solar cell technologies with boron back surface field or emitter offer the possibility of making and using these devices in bifacial mode. In other words, future technologies (based on p- and n-type Si) exceeding 20% efficiency will be or can be easily made bifacial.
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
PV tech Blog 13th January 2015
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The largest enemy of bifaciality is the old-fashioned “Wp thinking” of customers instead of a modern “kWh mentality”.
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
Industrialisation with MegaCell/MegaGroup in
2014/2015
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 17
ISC and MegaCell/MegaGroup
Italy 2014/2015
Egypt 2015
Chile2015/2016
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
MegaCell/MegaGroup
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
MegaCell/MegaGroup
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
ISC and MegaCell: ITALY
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• set up of 80MW cell and R&D factory• first BiSoN out in March 2015 (ZEBRA end 2015)>> education and creation of green jobs
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
ISC and MegaGroup: EGYPT 2015
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• installation of bifacial systems• set up of 120MW cell and module factory>> education and creation of green jobs
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
ISC and MegaGroup: EGYPT 2015
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Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
ISC and MegaGroup: CHILE 2015
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• installation of bifacial systems• set up of module factory>> education and creation of green jobs
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 24
PV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 25
PV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 26
PV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
daily energy production: N direction
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P
tmonofacial 250W
PV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 28
P
tmonofacial 250W
monofacial 250W
daily energy production: N directionPV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 29
P
tmonofacial 280W
monofacial 250Wmonofacial 280W
daily energy production: N directionPV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 30
P
tbifacial 280W (e.g. BiSoN)
monofacial 250Wmonofacial 280W
bifacial 280W
up to 30% gain
daily energy production: N directionPV system in Atacama
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 31
bifacial gain in dependence of albedoPV systems world wide
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 32
P
t
daily energy production: E-W
bifacial 280W: east-west
PV system in Atacama
energy same to monofacial 280W in N
bifacial 280W: east-west
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 33
P
t
daily energy production: E-W
bifacial 280W: east westsingle axis tracking
up to 50% gain
PV system in Atacama
bifacial 280W: east westsingle axis tracking
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 34
lifetime energy productionstandard mc-Si versus BiSoN
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
- bifacial history
- bifacial present
- bifacial future
what is the goal of this presentation?
35
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT ORGANISATION!
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT ORGANISATION!
history of glasses
monoclePV present
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT ORGANISATION!
history of glasses
glassesPV future
monoclePV present
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT ORGANISATION!
history of glasses
monoclePV present
glassesPV future
googlePV future
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT ORGANISATION!
history of glasses
monoclePV present
googlePV future
star treckPV future
glassesPV future
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT ORGANISATION!
history of glasses
monoclePV present
googlePV future
star treckPV future
glassesPV future
- high efficient- bifacial and - smart module
e.g.BOSCH, LG electronics,Sunpower, Meyer-Burger, Nexolon (Mission Solar,) MegaCell, Motech, …
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
bifacial history
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
bifacial history
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
bifacial present
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT OGANISATION!
http://www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/multicrystalline-silicon-modules-dominate-solar-pv-industry-2014
who rules the PV world in 2014
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT OGANISATION!
http://www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/multicrystalline-silicon-modules-dominate-solar-pv-industry-2014
who rules the PV world in 2014
BIFACIAL
bifacial
bifacial
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
ITRPV roadmap
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT OGANISATION!
who rules the PV world in 2025
40%
40%BIFACIAL
bifacial
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
THANKS FOR THE PERFECT OGANISATION!
who rules the PV world in 2025
40%
40%BIFACIAL
bifacial
sunpowerPanasonicSolarwindYingliPVGS LG electronicsNexolonMegaCellMotechMeyer-Burger
SolarwindbSolar3D Solar RCT (mc PERCT)
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 50
R. Kopecek et al., PV international, December 2014
bifacial n-type technologies
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
A
BCFD EG
2
1
34
n-type technologies in production 2014
7
8 910
11
5
6
H
I
SOLAR CELL PRODUCERSA sunpower (IBC) 1993B Panasonic (HIT) 1997C Solarwind (NN) 2005D Yingli (Panda) 2010E PVGS (EarthOn) 2011F LG electronics (Neon)2013G Misson Solar (Nexolon)H MegaCellI MegaGroupWAFER AND INGOTPRODUCERS1 SunEdison2 Norsun3 Pillar4 BOSCH5 FerroTec6 China7 GTAT8 Comtech9 Longi10 Solargiga11 M Setek… (non exhaustive list)
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 52
present n-type screen printed, “diffused” technologies
n-type technologies in 2014
R. Kopecek et al., PV international, December 2014
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
BiSoN: certified I/V measurement at Fraunhofer ISE CalLab
Area[cm2]
Isc[A]
Voc[mV]
FF[%]
Pmpp[W]
Eff[%]
239 9.4 652 79 4.841 20.25
− implied Voc ≈ 690 mV− room for even higher efficiencies with improved metalization (reduced
contact area and new metal pastes)
� Typical I/V parameters of a BiSoN solar cell
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
roadmap of BiSoN technology
high implied Voc > 690 mV:• high quality of the process and device design
• high emitter quality and its surface passivation
� significant room for improvements using current process sequence and equipment by various optimizations
50 μm fingers
fine line print
Jsc: 40.1 mA/cm2
20.6%
FF: 79.5%
20.8%
double print
improved FF
Voc: 660 mV
21.0%
reduced contact area,
improved metal pastes
Current status
η 20.3%
JSC 39.4 mA/cm2
VOC 652 mV
FF 78.9%
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 55
(e.g. Sunpower IBC, Panasonic HIT, ..)
ZE
BR
A-I
BC
Mo
du
les
(exp
ecte
d C
oO)
2013 Standard Module
High efficiency Module
MWT
Data from: Pvinsights, Photon, ITRPV 2013, Eurotron, owncalculations (CoO depending on location of manufacturing site)
Highest efficiencyHigh cost
High efficiencyLow cost
Sta
nd
ard
eff
icie
ncy
Low cost
sales price range (Q4/2014)
avg. estimated CoO
ZEBRA
CoO 60 cell modules
BiSoN
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 56
(e.g. Sunpower IBC, Panasonic HIT, ..)
ZE
BR
A-I
BC
Mo
du
les
(exp
ecte
d C
oO)
2013 Standard Module
High efficiency Module
MWT
Data from: Pvinsights, Photon, ITRPV 2013, Eurotron, owncalculations (CoO depending on location of manufacturing site)
Highest efficiencyHigh cost
High efficiencyLow cost
Sta
nd
ard
eff
icie
ncy
Low cost
sales price range (Q4/2014)
avg. estimated CoO
ZEBRA
CoO 60 cell modules
BiSoN
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 57
“standard bifi installation”: quantitative
58Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013
30°
white board
Conditions
- module embedded in black frame (1x0.5) m2
- placed on white board
- inclined by 30° and facing to the South
- measured in bifacial and monofacial (rear side
covered) arrangement
10 12 14 16 180,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
bifacial monofacial
Pm
pp [a
rbitr
ary
units
]
time during one day in August [h]10 12 14 16 18
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
average gain in P of 33%
time during one day in August [h]
gain
in P
[%]
outdoors measurement on roof of PV lab at UKON
(southern Germany)
bifacial modules: standard orientation
2002
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 59
LCOE for large systems in Germany
from 1GW study 2014, FHG IPA and ISE
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 60
LCOE for large systems in Germany
from 1GW study 2014, FHG IPA and ISE
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 61
bifacial BiSoN and ZEBRA cells
Cell type illuminationJSC
[ mA/cm2 ]
η
[ % ]
Pmax
[W]
Metallization area
[ % ]
front 39.3 20.1 4.8 6.3 ± 0.24
rear 34.7 17.6 4.2 7.7 ± 0.32
front 40.8 20.9 5 0
rear 30.5 n/a(15.6*) n/a(3.7*) 17.5 ± 0.64
IV measurements of best cells (front and rear side illumination):
- on a black coated chuck
*Estimated value assuming the same Voc and FF from front side illumination
ISC Konstanz, bifiPV workshop, 2014
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 62
bifacial BiSoN/ZEBRA mini-modules4 cells modules with transparent back sheet:
STC indoor measurements (25°C, 1 sun)
illuminationPmax
[W]
Prear/Pfront
(module)
Prear/Pfront
(best cell)
Front 17.68
0.88 0.87
rear 15.71
front 18.22
0.65* 0.75**
rear 11.84*
Front side photograph
Front side photograph
* with 4 mm wide ribbons (≈29% shaded area)** estimated from JSC(rear)/JSC(front)
ISC Konstanz, bifiPV workshop, 2014
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 63
outdoor test results of mini-modulesOutdoor test conditions of the 4-cells modules:
• ground reflectivity → ≈ 70% (300-1200nm) (white back sheet)
• orientation and inclination → South, 30°
• measurement interval → every 5 min. (10 sec. module measure time)
• all modules assumed to have the same temperature during an IV scan
• front glass taped black outside cell area
• one additional module was used to measured the back side light intensity
Photograph of the outdoor setup
ISC Konstanz, bifiPV workshop, 2014
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015 64
One day yield comparisons (bifacial versus monofacial):
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
En
erg
y yi
eld
(W
h/W
p)
BiS
oN
bla
ck B
S
BiS
oN
tran
spar
ent
BS
ZE
BR
Ab
lack
BS
ZE
BR
Atr
ansp
aren
t B
S
+ 15.1%
+ 19.8%
08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:005
101520253035404550 Bifacial gain:
BiSoN ZEBRA
Irradiance: Indirect/Direct
time (HH:mm)
(%)
ISC Konstanz, bifiPV workshop, 2014
outdoor test results of mini-modules
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
outdoor test results of 60 cell modulesresults from ISC‘s test site in el Gouna
Front (indoor): 298Wp
Outdoor total: 420Wp-e*
*peak effective power output
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
simulations with real data of bSolar
bSolar, bifiPV workshop, 2014
single module in el Gouna
real systems in el Gouna
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
the largest bifacial system
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
the largest bifacial system
PVGS, bifiPV workshop, 2014
>> even in not optimised system bifaciality offers large kWh increase
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
summary
69
- solar cells in near future will be bifacial anyhow
- many modules in future will be glass-glass
- the system kWh can be extremely increased by using bifacial cells and bifacial modules
>> bifacial systems have to be set up and the advantage monitored
>> measuring standards and good bifacial system simulations have to be introduced
Radovan Kopecek, bifi PV PSDA Workshop, Antofagasta, 14-15 January 2015
Hosted by Linked to Conference Organization
March 23-26, 2015