This work contains substantial copyrighted material from the 2009

International Residential Code for One and Two- Family Dwellings

which is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code

Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the

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(1) Pursuant to 59 O.S. § 1000.23, the Uniform Building Code

Commission has adopted the 2009 International Residential Code

as amended and revised by the Commission (IRC 2009), as the

minimum standards to be used by all entities for residential

construction in jurisdictions throughout the State of Oklahoma.

However, the Commission’s adoption of Chapter 1 “Scope and

Administration” of the 2009 IRC is for continuity purposes and the

Commission’s adoption of Chapter 1 recognizes the methods of

best practice in fully implementing the minimum standards for

residential construction.

(2) All provisions of the adopted IRC 2009, including Chapter 1, as

amended and revised by the Commission, are hereby established

and adopted as the statewide minimum standards for residential

building construction for one and two family dwellings and

townhouses in Oklahoma pursuant to 59 O.S. § 1000.23, which

may only be amended or altered pursuant to Oklahoma law and the

administrative rules of the Oklahoma Uniform Building Code

Commission as set forth in Title 748, Chapter 15 of the Oklahoma

Administrative Code. However, the provisions of Chapter 1

adopted herein are only intended to be in force and effect to the

extent that the respective provisions do not conflict with State law

or the lawful exercise of code administration and enforcement

jurisdiction by entities empowered to do so pursuant to applicable

law.

(3) The Commission’s adoption of Chapter 1 in this manner is

made with the recognition that the legal authority granting state and

local code administration and enforcement jurisdictions the power

and discretion to administer and enforce codes arises from

Oklahoma laws governing those jurisdictions. Furthermore, the

Commission also recognizes that many state and local code

administration and enforcement jurisdictions have already created,

or have the lawful authority to create, departments, offices and

administrative policies pursuant to various applicable laws and

other adopted model codes with “Scope and Administration”

provisions similar to Chapter 1 of the adopted IRC 2009.

(4) This limited adoption of Chapter 1 is made in recognition of the

authority and discretion possessed by jurisdictions to administer

and enforce building codes. Exercising such authority and

jurisdiction in a manner inconsistent with Chapter 1 must be

supported by Oklahoma law. Code administration and enforcement

jurisdictions shall not use the Commission’s limited adoption of

Chapter 1 to circumvent the remainder of the requirements

established by the Oklahoma adopted IRC 2009 and the

Commission will strongly oppose any such practice.

Part I-Administrative

CHAPTER 1

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION PART I-SCOPE AND APPLICATION SECTION R101 GENERAL R101.1 Title. These provisions shall be known as the

Residential Code for One- and Two-family Dwellings of

[NAME OF JURISDICTION] , and shall be cited as such and

will be referred to herein as "this code."

R101.2 Scope. The provisions of the International Residential

Code for One- and Two-family Dwellings shall apply to the

construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement,

repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, removal

and demolition of detached one- and two-family dwellings and

townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in

height with a separate means of egress and their accessory

structures.

Exception: Live/work units complying with the requirements

of Section 419 of the International Building Code shall be

permitted to be built as one- and two-family dwellings or

townhouses. Fire suppression required by Section 419.5 of the

International Building Code when constructed under the

International Residential Code for One- and Two-family

Dwellings shall conform to Section 903.3.1.3 of

the International Building Code.

R101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to establish

minimum

requirements to safeguard the public safety, health and general

welfare through affordability, structural strength, means of

egress facilities, stability, sanitation, light and venti1ation

energy conservation and safety to life and property from fire and

other hazards attributed to the built environment and to provide

safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during

emergency operations.

SECTION R102 APPLICABILITY R102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general

requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement

shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, different

sections of this code specify different materials, methods of

construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall

govern.

RI02.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be

deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.

R102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or

section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by

number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or

provision of this code.

R102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and

standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of the

requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such

reference. Where differences occur between provisions of this

code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this

code shall apply.

Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would

violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or

appliance, the conditions of the listing and manufacturer's

instructions shall apply.

R102.5 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not

apply unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

R102.6 Partial invalidity. In the event any part or provision of

this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the

effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or

provisions.

R102.7 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any

structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be

permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically

covered in this code, the International Property Maintenance

Code or the International Fire Code 1997 NFPA 1 Fire

Prevention Code, or as is deemed necessary by the building

official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and

the public.

R102.7.1 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions,

alterations or repairs to any structure shall conform to the

requirements for a new structure without requiring the existing

structure to comply with all of the requirements of this

code, unless otherwise stated. Additions, alterations or

repairs shall not cause an existing structure to become

unsafe or adversely affect the performance of the building.

PART II-ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT SECTION R103 DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SAFETY DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DIVISION R103.1 Creation of enforcement agency. The department of

building safety Development Services Division is hereby

created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the

building official

.

R103.2 Appointment. The building official shall be appointed

by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.

R103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures

of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing

authority, the building official shall have the authority

to appoint a deputy building official, the related technical

officers, inspectors, plan examiners and other employees. Such

employees shall have powers as delegated by the building

official.

SECTION R104 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL RI04.1 General. The building official is hereby authorized

and directed to enforce the provisions of this code. The building

ofl1cial shall have the authority to render interpretations of

this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify

the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies

and procedures shall be in conformance with the intent and

purpose of this code. Such policies and procedures shall not

have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided

for in this code.

RI04.2 Applications and permits. The building official shall

receive applications, review construction documents and issue

permits for the erection and alteration of buildings and

structures, inspect the premises for which such permits have

been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this

code.

RI04.3 Notices and orders. The building official shall issue

all necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this

code.

RI04.4 Inspections. The building official is authorized to

make all of the required inspections, or the building official

shall have the authority to accept reports of inspection by

approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such inspections

shall be in writing and be certified by a responsible officer of

such approved agency or by the responsible individual. The

building official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as

deemed necessary to report upon unusual technical issues that

arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.

RI04.5 Identification. The building official shall carry proper

identification when inspecting structures or premises in the

performance of duties under this code.

RI04.6 Right of entry. Where it is necessary to make an

inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or where the

building ofl1cial has reasonable cause to believe that there

exists in a structure or upon a premises a condition which is

contrary to or in violation of this code which makes the structure

or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the building

official or designee is authorized to enter the structure or

premises at reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties

imposed by this code, provided that if such structure or premises

be occupied that credentials be presented to the occupant

and entry requested. If such structure or premises be

unoccupied, the building official shall first make a reasonable

effort to locate the owner or other person having charge or

control of the structure or premises and request entry. If entry is

refused, the building official shall have recourse to the remedies

provided by law to secure entry.

RI04.7 Department records. The building official shall keep

official records of applications received, permits and certificates

issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and notices

and orders issued. Such records shall be retained in the official

records for the period required for the retention of public

records.

RI04.8 Liability. The building official, member of the board of

appeals or employee charged with the enforcement of this

code, while acting for the jurisdiction in good faith and without

malice in the discharge of the duties required by this code or

other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby be rendered

liable personally and is hereby relieved from personal liability

for any damage accruing to persons or property as a result of

any act or by reason of an act or omission in the discharge of

official duties. Any suit instituted against an officer or

employee because of an act performed by that officer or

employee in the lawful discharge of duties and under the

provisions of this code shall be defended by legal representative

of the jurisdiction until the final termination of the proceedings.

The building official or any subordinate shall not be liable for

cost in any action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in

pursuance of the provisions of this code.

RI04.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials,

equipment and devices approved by the building official shall

be constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.

RI04.9.1 Used materials and equipment. Used materials,

equipment and devices shall not be reused unless approved

by the building official.

RI04.10 Modifications. Wherever there are practical

difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code,

the building official shall have the authority to grant

modifications for individual cases, provided the building official

shall first find that special individual reason makes the strict

letter of this code impractical and the modification is in

compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that

such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety

requirements or structural. The details of action granting

modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files of the

department of building safety.

RI04.10.1 Areas prone to flooding. The building ofl1cial

shall not grant modifications to any provision related to

areas prone to flooding as established by Table R301.2(1)

without the prior issuance of a Flood Plain Permit by the City of

Norman Flood Plain Committee. granting of a variance to such

provisions by the board of appeals.

RI04.11 Alternative materials, design and methods of

construction and equipment. The provisions of this code are

not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to

prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically

prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has

been approved. An alternative material, design or method of

construction shall be approved where the building official finds

that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the

intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material,

method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the

equivalent of that prescribed in this code. Compliance with the

specific performance-based provisions of the International

Codes in lieu of specific requirements of this code shall also be

permitted as an alternate.

RI04.11.1 Tests. Whenever there is insufficient evidence of

compliance with the provisions of this code, or evidence

that a material or method does not conform to the requirements

of this code, or in order to substantiate claims for

alternative materials or methods, the building official shall

have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance

to be made at no expense to the jurisdiction. Test methods

shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test

standards. In the absence of recognized and accepted test

methods, the building official shall approve the testing

procedures. Tests shall be performed by an approved agency.

Reports of such tests shall be retained by the building official

for the period required for retention of public records.

SECTION R105 PERMITS R105.1 Required. Any owner or authorized agent who intends

to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demolish or change

the occupancy of a building or structure, or to erect, install,

enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or replace any electrical,

gas, mechanical or plumbing system, the installation of which

is regulated by this code, or to cause any such work to be done,

shall first make application to the building official and obtain

the required permit.

R105.2 Work exempt from permit. Permits shall not be

required for the following. Exemption from permit requirements

of this code shall not be deemed to grant authorization

for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the

provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of this

jurisdiction.

Building:

1. One-story detached accessory structures used as tool

and storage sheds, playhouses and similar uses, provided

the floor area does not exceed 108 200 square feet (18.58 m2).

2. Fences not over 8 6 feet (1829 mm) high.

3. Retaining walls shall be permitted and built per the City of

Norman Engineering Standards, as amended. Retaining walls

that are not over 4 feet (1219 mm) in

height measured from the bottom of the footing to the

top of the wall, unless supporting a surcharge.

4. Water tanks supported directly upon grade if the capacity

does not exceed 5,000 gallons (18927 L) and the ratio

of height to diameter or width does not exceed 2 to 1.

5. Sidewalks and driveways.

6. Painting, papering, tiling, carpeting, cabinets, counter

tops and similar finish work.

7. Prefabricated swimming pools that are less than 24

inches (610 mm) deep.

8. Swings and other playground equipment.

9. Window awnings supported by an exterior wall which

do not project more than 54 inches (1372 mm) from the

exterior wall and do not require additional support.

10. Decks not exceeding 200 square feet (18.58 m2) in area,

that are not more than 30 inches (762 mm) above grade

at any point, are not attached to a dwelling and do not

serve the exit door required by Section R311.4.

Electrical:

1. Listed cord-and-plug connected temporary decorative

lighting.

2. Reinstallation of attachment plug receptacles but not the

outlets therefor.

3. Replacement of branch circuit overcurrent devices of the

required capacity in the same location.

4. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances, apparatus or

equipment operating at less than 25 volts and not capable

of supplying more than 50 watts of energy.

5. Minor repair work, including the replacement of lamps

or the connection of approved portable electrical equipment

to approved permanently installed receptacles.

Gas:

1. Portable heating, cooking or clothes drying appliances.

2. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter

approval of equipment or make such equipment unsafe.

3. Portable-fuel-cell appliances that are not connected to a

fixed piping system and are not interconnected to a

power grid.

Mechanical:

1. Portable heating appliances.

2. Portable ventilation appliances.

3. Portable cooling units.

4. Steam, hot- or chilled-water piping within any heating or

cooling equipment regulated by this code.

5. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter

approval of equipment or make such equipment unsafe.

6. Portable evaporative coolers.

7. Self-contained refrigeration systems containing 10

pounds (4.54 kg) or less of refrigerant or that are actuated

by motors of 1 horsepower (746 W) or less.

8. Portable-fuel-cell appliances that are not connected to a

fixed piping system and are not interconnected to a

power grid.

The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or vent

pipe; provided, however, that if any concealed trap, drainpipe,

water, soil, waste or vent pipe becomes defective and it

becomes necessary to remove and replace the same with new

material, such work shall be considered as new work and a

permit shall be obtained and inspection made as provided in this

code. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in

pipes, valves or fixtures, and the removal and reinstallation of

water closets, provided such repairs do not involve or require

the replacement or rearrangement of valves, pipes or fixtures.

RI05.2.1 Emergency repairs. Where equipment replacements

and repairs must be performed in an emergency situation,

the permit application shall be submitted within the

next working business day to the building official.

RI05.2.2 Repairs. Application or notice to the building

official is not required for ordinary repairs to structures,

replacement of lamps or the connection of approved portable

electrical equipment to approved permanently installed

receptacles. Such repairs shall not include the cutting away

of any wall, partition or portion thereof, the removal or cutting

of any structural beam or load-bearing support, or the removal

or change of any required means of egress, or rearrangement

of parts of a structure affecting the egress requirements; nor

shall ordinary repairs include addition to, alteration of,

replacement or relocation of any water supply, sewer, drainage,

drain leader, gas, soil, waste, vent or similar piping, electric

wiring or mechanical or other work affecting public health or

general safety.

RI05.2.3 Public service agencies. A permit shall not be

required for the installation, alteration or repair of generation,

transmission, distribution, metering or other related

equipment that is under the ownership and control of public

service agencies by established right.

RI05.3 Application for permit. To obtain a permit, the

applicant

shall first file an application there for in writing on a form

furnished by the department of building safety for that purpose.

Such application shall:

1. Identify and describe the work to be covered by the permit

for which application is made.

2. Describe the land on which the proposed work is to be

done by legal description, street address or similar

description that will readily identify and definitely locate

the proposed building or work.

3. Indicate the use and occupancy for which the proposed

work is intended.

4. Be accompanied by construction documents and other

information as required in Section RI06.1.

5. State the valuation of the proposed work.

6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant's authorized

agent.

7. Give such other data and information as required by the

building official.

RI05.3.1 Action on application. The building official shall

examine or cause to be examined applications for permits

and amendments thereto within a reasonable time after filing.

If the application or the construction documents do not

conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the building

official shall reject such application in writing stating the

reasons therefor. If the building official is satisfied that the

proposed work conforms to the requirements of this code

and laws and ordinances applicable thereto, the building

official shall issue a permit therefor as soon as practicable.

RI05.3.1.1 Determination of substantially improved

or substantially damaged existing buildings in flood hazard areas. For applications for reconstruction,

rehabilitation,

addition or other improvement of existing buildings or

structures located in an area prone to flooding as established by

the City of Norman adopted flood hazard maps Table

R301.2(1), the building official shall examine or cause to be

examined the construction documents and shall prepare a

finding with regard to the value of the proposed work. For

buildings that have sustained damage of any origin, the value of

the proposed work shall include the cost to repair the building or

structure to its predamaged condition. If the building official

finds that the value of proposed work equals or exceeds 50

percent of the market value of the building or structure before

the damage has occurred or the improvement is started, the

finding shall be provided to the board of appeals for a

determination of substantial improvement or substantial

damage. Applications determined by the City of Norman Flood

Plain Committee board of appeals to constitute substantial

improvement or substantial damage shall require all existing

portions of the entire building or structure to meet the

requirements of Section R322.

RI05.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application

for a permit for any proposed work shall be deemed to have

been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing unless such

application has been pursued in good faith or a permit has been

issued; except that the building officials authorized to grant one

or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding

180 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and

justifiable cause demonstrated.

RI05.4 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a permit

shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of,

any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any

other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give

authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or

other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. The

issuance of a permit based on construction documents and other

data shall not prevent the building official from requiring the

correction of errors in the construction documents and other

data. The building official is also authorized to prevent

occupancy or use of a structure where in violation of this code

or of any other ordinances of this jurisdiction.

RI05.5 Expiration. Every permit issued shall become

invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is

commenced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the work

authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned for a

period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. The

building official is authorized to grant, in writing, one or more

extensions of time, for periods not more than 180 days each.

The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable

cause demonstrated.

RI05.6 Suspension or revocation. The building official is

authorized to suspend or revoke a permit issued under the

provisions of this code wherever the permit is issued in error or

on the basis of incorrect, inaccurate or incomplete information,

or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the

provisions of this code.

RI05.7 Placement of permit. For additions and alterations

only the building permit or copy thereof shall be kept on the site

of the work until the completion of the project.

RI05.8 Responsibility. It shall be the duty of every person

who performs work for the installation or repair of building,

structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing systems, for

which this code is applicable, to comply with this code.

R106.2.1 Landscape Requirements for One- and Two-

Family Dwellings.

(a) As of May 12, 2008, within all urban

residential plats, when a building permit for a new

residence is issued, at least one tree must be planted

on each lot designated for single-family or two-

family use before a Certificate of Occupancy is

issued.

(b) For lots larger than 10,000 square feet, two

trees are required. One tree must be planted within

the designated planting location and the other tree

may be placed at any location on the lot. (Refer to

Exhibits A—Traditional Utility Layout or B—

Optional Utility Layout.) In no case will more than

two trees be required.

(c) Corner lots require one tree per street

frontage in accordance with the sight triangle

specifications (refer to Exhibit C—Tree Location

for Typical Corner Lot). If all of either street

frontage is eliminated by the site triangle

restrictions, the tree for that frontage may be placed

at any location on the lot.

(d) Trees must be selected from a list approved

by the City Forester (Refer to Exhibit D—City of

Norman Approved Street Tree List) and be at least

2″ caliper (diameter measured 6″ above ground

level). Species identification tags shall remain on

the tree(s). As indicated in (b) above, there are two

utility layouts that may be utilized to design a

subdivision. It is the developer's option to choose

either alternative. In subdivisions where utilities are

designed in accordance with Exhibit A (no trees

between sidewalk and street), the tree must be

planted in the front yard of the lot within five feet

of the sidewalk. In subdivisions where utilities are

designed in accordance with Exhibit B (allows for

trees between sidewalk and street), the preferred

location for tree planting is midway between the

curb and sidewalk. Said Exhibits are incorporated

herein and made a part hereof and are on file in the

office of the City Clerk.

(e) If planting conditions or weather would

adversely affect the health of the tree(s), a paid

receipt from the installer indicating the type of

tree(s) purchased and projected planting date shall

be provided to the City of Norman and a permanent

Certificate of Occupancy can be issued.

(f) Trees that are planted within the right-of-way

or front yard can be replaced if dead or diseased by

the Property Owners/Homeowners Association if

appropriate covenants have been enacted that grant

maintenance responsibility to the association.

Otherwise the trees are the responsibility of the

property owner. Dead or diseased trees in poor

condition should be replaced by the property owner.

RI05.9 Preliminary inspection. Before issuing a permit, the

building official is authorized to examine or cause to be

examined buildings, structures and sites for which an

application has been filed.

SECTION R106 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS RI06.1 Submittal documents. Submittal documents consisting

of construction documents, and other data shall be submitted

in two or more sets with each application for a permit. The

construction documents shall be prepared by a registered

design professional where required by the statutes of the

jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where

special conditions exist, the building official is authorized to

require additional construction documents to be prepared by a

registered design professional.

Exception: The building official is authorized to waive the

submission of construction documents and other data not

required to be prepared by a registered design professional

if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such

that reviewing of construction documents is not necessary

to obtain compliance with this code.

RI06.1.1 Information on construction documents.

Construction

documents shall be drawn upon suitable material. Electronic

media documents are permitted to be submitted when approved

by the building official. Construction documents shall be of

sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the

work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the

provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and

regulations, as determined by the building official. Where

required by the building official, all braced wall lines, shall be

identified on the construction documents and all pertinent

information including, but not limited to, bracing methods,

location and length of braced wall panels, foundation

requirements of braced wall panels at top and bottom shall be

provided.

RI06.1.2 Manufacturer's installation instructions.

Manufacturer's

installation instructions, as required by this code, shall be

available on the job site at the time of inspection.

RI06.1.3 Information for construction in flood hazard

areas. For buildings and structures located in whole or in

part in flood hazard areas as established by Table R301 .2(1),

construction documents shall include:

1. Delineation of flood hazard areas, floodway boundaries

and flood zones and the design flood elevation, as appropriate;

2. The elevation of the proposed lowest floor, including

basement, in areas of shallow flooding (AO Zones), the height

of the proposed lowest floor, including basement, above the

highest adjacent grade;

3. The elevation of the bottom of the lowest horizontal

structural member in coastal high hazard areas (V Zone); and

4. If design flood elevations are not included on the

community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), the building

official and the applicant shall obtain and reasonably utilize any

design flood elevation and floodway data available from other

sources.

RI06.2 Site plan or plot plan. The construction documents

submitted with the application for permit shall be accompanied

by a site plan showing the size and location of new construction

and existing structures on the site and distances from lot lines.

In the case of demolition, the site plan shall show construction

to be demolished and the location and size of existing structures

and construction that are to remain on the site or plot. The

building official is authorized to waive or modify the

requirement for a site plan when the application for permit is for

alteration or repair or when otherwise warranted.

R106.2.1 Landscape Requirements for One- and Two- Family Dwellings. see subsequent page

RI06.3 Examination of documents. The building official

shall examine or cause to be examined construction documents

for code compliance.

RI06.3.1 Approval of construction documents. When the

building official issues a permit, the construction documents

shall be approved in writing or by a stamp which states

"REVIEWED FOR CODE COMPLIANCE." One set of

construction documents so reviewed shall be retained by the

building official. The other set shall be returned to the applicant,

shall be kept at the site of work and shall be open to

inspection by the building official or his or her authorized

representative.

RI06.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not require

changes in the construction documents, construction or

designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit

has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized,

and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith

within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not

been abandoned.

RI06.3.3 Phased approval. The building official is authorized

to issue a permit for the construction of foundations or any other

part of a building or structure before the construction documents

for the whole building or structure have been submitted,

provided that adequate information and detailed statements have

been filed complying with pertinent requirements of this code.

The holder of such permit for the foundation or other parts of a

building or structure shall proceed at the holder's own risk with

the building operation and without assurance that a permit for

the entire structure will be granted.

RI06.4 Amended construction documents. Work shall be

installed in accordance with the approved construction

documents, and any changes made during construction that are

not in compliance with the approved construction documents

shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of

construction documents.

RI06.5 Retention of construction documents. One set of

approved floor and site plans construction documents shall be

retained by the building official for a period of not less than 180

days from date of completion of the permitted work, or as

required by state or local laws.

SECTION R107 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND USES RI07.1 General. The building official is authorized to issue a

permit for temporary structures and temporary uses. Such permits

shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be permitted for

more than 180 days. The building official is authorized to grant

extensions for demonstrated cause.

RI07.2 Conformance. Temporary structures and uses shall

conform to the structural strength, fire safety, means of egress,

light, ventilation and sanitary requirements of this code as

necessary to ensure the public health, safety and general welfare.

RI07.3 Temporary power. The building official is authorized

to give permission to temporarily supply and use power in part

of an electric installation before such installation has been fully

completed and the final certificate of completion has been

issued. The part covered by the temporary certificate shall

comply with the requirements specified for temporary lighting,

heat or power in NFPA 70.

RI07.4 Termination of approval. The building official is

authorized to terminate such permit for a temporary structure

or use and to order the temporary structure or use to be

discontinued.

SECTION R108 FEES RI08.1 Payment of fees. A permit shall not be valid until the

fees prescribed by law have been paid. Nor shall an amendment

to a permit be released until the additional fee, if any, has been

paid.

RI08.2 Schedule of permit fees. On buildings, structures,

electrical, gas, mechanical and plumbing systems or alterations

requiring a permit, a fee for each permit shall be paid as required, in

accordance with the schedule as established by the

applicable governing authority.

RI08.3 Building permit valuations. Building permit valuation

shall include total value of the work for which a permit is

being issued, such as electrical, gas, mechanical, plumbing

equipment and other permanent systems, including materials

and labor.

RI08.4 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction,

alteration, removal or demolition for work done in connection with

or concurrently with the work authorized by a building permit shall

not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from the payment

of other fees that are prescribed by law.

RI08.5 Refunds. The building official is authorized to establish

a refund policy.

RI08.6 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any person

who commences work requiring a permit on a building,

structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system

before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to a fee

established by the applicable governing authority that shall be

in addition to the required permit fees.

SECTION R109 INSPECTIONS

RI09.1 Types of inspections. For onsite construction, from

time to time the building off1cial, upon notification from the permit

holder or his agent, shall make or cause to be made any necessary

inspections and shall either approve that portion of the

construction as completed or shall notify the permit holder or his or

her agent wherein the same fails to comply with this code.

RI09.1.1 Foundation inspection. Inspection of the foundation

shall be made after poles or piers are set or trenches or basement

areas are excavated and any required forms erected and any

required reinforcing steel is in place and supported prior to the

placing of concrete. The foundation inspection shall include

excavations for thickened slabs intended for the support of bearing

walls, partitions, structural supports, or equipment and special

requirements for wood foundations.

RI09.1.2 Plumbing, mechanical, gas and electrical systems

inspection. Rough inspection of plumbing, mechanical,

gas and electrical systems shall be made prior to covering or

concealment, before fixtures or appliances are set or installed, and

prior to framing inspection.

Exception: Back-filling of ground-source heat pump

loop systems tested in accordance with Section M2105. 1

prior to inspection shall be permitted.

RI09.1.3 Floodplain inspections. For construction in

areas prone to flooding as established by Table R301.2(1),

upon placement of the lowest floor, including basement,

and prior to further vertical construction, the building official

shall require submission of documentation, prepared

and sealed by a registered design professional, of the elevation

of the lowest floor, including basement, required in

Section R322.

RI09.1.4 Frame and masonry inspection. Inspection of

framing and masonry construction shall be made after the

roof, masonry, all framing, firestopping, draftstopping and

bracing are in place and after the plumbing, mechanical and

electrical rough inspections are approved.

RI09.1.5 Other inspections. In addition to the called inspections

above, the building official may make or require any other

inspections to ascertain compliance with this code and other laws

enforced by the building official.

R109.1.5.1 Fire- resistance- rated construction inspection.

Where fire-resistance-rated construction is required between

dwelling units or due to location on property, the building official

shall require an inspection of such construction after all lathing

and/or wallboard is in place, but before any plaster is applied, or

before wallboard joints and fasteners are taped and finished.

R109.1.5.2 Insulation inspection. Insulation inspection shall be

made after the framing inspection but prior to installing wallboard

materials. Wallboard materials include, but are not limited to, lath,

plaster, gypsum wallboard, wood paneling, sheet metal and the like.

RI09.1.6 Final inspection. Final inspection shall be made

after the permitted work is complete and prior to occupancy.

RI09.2 Inspection agencies. The building off1cial is authorized

to accept reports of approved agencies, provided such agencies

satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and reliability.

RI09.3 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the permit

holder or their agent to notify the building official that such

work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the person

requesting any inspections required by this code to provide safe

access to and means for inspection of such work.

RI09.4 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond

the point indicated in each successive inspection without first

obtaining the approval of the building official. The building

official upon notification, shall make the requested inspections

and shall either indicate the portion of the construction that is

satisfactory as completed, or shall notify the permit holder or

an agent of the permit holder wherein the same fails to comply

with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall be

corrected and such portion shall not be covered or concealed

until authorized by the building official.

SECTION R110 CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY R110.1 Use and occupancy. No building or structure shall be

used or occupied, and no change in the existing occupancy

classification of a building or structure or portion thereof shall

be made until the building official has issued a certificate of

occupancy thereof as provided herein. Issuance of a certificate

of occupancy shall not be construed as an approval of a

violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of

the jurisdiction. Certificates presuming to give authority to

violate or cancel the provisions of this code or other ordinances

of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.

Exceptions:

1. Certificates of occupancy are not required for work

exempt from permits under Section RlOS.2.

2. Accessory buildings or structures.

R110.2 Change in use. Changes in the character or use of an

existing structure shall not be made except as specified in

Sections 3406 and 3407 of the International Building Code.

R110.3 Certificate issued. After the building official inspects

the building or structure and finds no violations of the

provisions of this code or other laws that are enforced by the

department of building safety, the building official shall issue a

certificate of occupancy which shall contain the following:

1. The building permit number.

2. The address of the structure.

3. The name and address of the owner.

4. A description of that portion of the structure for which

the certificate is issued.

S. A statement that the described portion of the structure

has been inspected for compliance with the requirements

of this code.

6. The name of the building official.

7. The edition of the code under which the permit was issued.

8. If an automatic sprinkler system is provided and whether

the sprinkler system is required.

9. Any special stipulations and conditions of the building

permit.

R110.4 Temporary occupancy. The building official is

authorized to issue a temporary certificate of occupancy before

the completion of the entire work covered by the permit,

provided that such portion or portions shall be occupied safely.

The building official shall set a time period during which the

temporary certificate of occupancy is valid.

R110.5 Revocation. The building official shall, in writing,

suspend or revoke a certificate of occupancy issued under the

provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in error,

or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or where it is

determined that the building or structure or portion thereof is in

violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions

of this code.

SECTION R111 SERVICE UTILITIES R111.1 Connection of service utilities. No person shall make

connections from a utility, source of energy, fuel or power to

any building or system that is regulated by this code for which a

permit is required, until approved by the building official.

R111.2 Temporary connection. The building official shall

have the authority to authorize and approve the temporary

connection of the building or system to the utility, source of

energy, fuel or power.

R111.3 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The building

official shall have the authority to authorize disconnection of

utility service to the building, structure or system regulated by

this code and the referenced codes and standards set forth in

Section Rl02.4 in case of emergency where necessary to

eliminate an immediate hazard to life or property or when such

utility connection has been made without the approval required

by Section R111.1 or R111.2. The building official shall notify

the serving utility and whenever possible the owner and

occupant of the building, structure or service system of the

decision to disconnect prior to taking such action if not notified

prior to disconnection. The owner or occupant of the building,

structure or service system shall be notified in writing as soon as

practical thereafter.

SECTION R112 BOARD OF APPEALS R112.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders,

decisions or determinations made by the building official

relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there

shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The building

official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall

have no vote on any matter before the board. The board of

appeals shall be appointed by the governing body and shall hold

office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure

for conducting its business, and shall render all decisions and

findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the

building official.

R112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal

shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the

rules legally adopted there under have been incorrectly

interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply, or an

equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The

board shall have no authority to waive requirements of this

code.

Rl12.2.1 Determination of substantial improvement in

areas prone to flooding. When the building ofl1cialprovides a

finding required in Section R10S.3.1.1, the board of appeals

shall determine whether the value of the proposed work

constitutes a substantial improvement. A substantial

improvement means any repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation,

addition or improvement of a building or structure, the cost of

which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the

building or structure before the improvement or repair is started.

If the building or structure has sustained substantial damage, all

repairs are considered substantial improvement regardless of

the actual repair work performed. The term does not include:

1. Improvements of a building or structure required to correct

existing health, sanitary or safety code violations identified by

the building official and which are the minimum necessary to

assure safe living conditions; or

2. Any alteration of an historic building or structure, provided

that the alteration will not preclude the continued

designation as an historic building or structure. For the

purpose of this exclusion, an historic building is:

2.1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eligible

for listing in the National Register of Historic

Places; or

2.2. Determined by the Secretary of the U.S. Department

of Interior as contributing to the historical

significance of a registered historic district or a district

preliminarily determined to qualify as an historic district; or

2.3. Designated as historic under a state or local

historic preservation program that is approved

by the Department of Interior.

Rl12.2.2 Criteria for issuance of a variance for areas

prone to flooding. A variance shall be issued only upon:

1. A showing of good and sufficient cause that the

unique characteristics of the size, configuration or

topography of the site render the elevation standards

in Section R322 inappropriate.

2. A determination that failure to grant the variance

would result in exceptional hardship by rendering the

lot undevelopable.

3. A determination that the granting of a variance will

not result in increased flood heights, additional

threats to public safety, extraordinary public expense,

cause fraud on or victimization of the public, or conflict

with existing local laws or ordinances.

4. A determination that the variance is the minimum necessary

to afford relief, considering the flood hazard.

5. Submission to the applicant of written notice specifying

the difference between the design flood elevation

and the elevation to which the building is to be built,

stating that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate

with the increased risk resulting from the

reduced floor elevation, and stating that construction

below the design flood elevation increases risks to life

and property.

Rl12.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of

members who are qualified by experience and training to pass

on matters pertaining to building construction and are not

employees of the jurisdiction.

Rl12.4 Administration. The building official shall take

immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

SECTION R113 VIOLATIONS Rl13.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm

or corporation to erect, construct, alter, extend, repair, move,

remove, demolish or occupy any building, structure or

equipment regulated by this code, or cause same to be done, in

conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.

Rl13.2 Notice of violation. The building official is authorized

to serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsible

for the erection, construction, alteration, extension, repair,

moving, removal, demolition or occupancy of a building or

structure in violation of the provisions of this code, or in

violation of a detail statement or a plan approved there under, or

in violation of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions

of this code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the

illegal action or condition and the abatement of the violation.

Rl13.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is

not complied with in the time prescribed by such notice, the

building official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the

jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in

equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require

the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the

building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code

or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.

Rl13.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a

provision

of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements

thereof or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building or

structure in violation of the approved construction documents

or directive of the building official, or of a permit or certificate

issued under the provisions of this code, shall be subject to

penalties as prescribed by law.

SECTION R114 STOP WORK ORDER Rl14.1 Notice to owner. Upon notice from the building official

that work on any building or structure is being prosecuted

contrary to the provisions of this code or in an unsafe and

dangerous manner, such work shall be immediately stopped.

The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the

owner of the property involved, or to the owner's agent or to the

person doing the work and shall state the conditions under

which work will be permitted to resume.

Rl14.2 Unlawful continuance. Any person who shall continue

any work in or about the structure after having been

served with a stop work order, except such work as that person

is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition,

shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.

Other means during manufacture. A process where the

wood raw material is treated with a fire-retardant formulation

while undergoing creation as a finished product.

Pressure process. A process for treating wood using an initial

vacuum followed by the introduction of pressure above

atmospheric.

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. The distance measured

from the building face to one of the following:

1. To the closest interior lot line; or

2. To the centerline of a street, an alley or public way; or

3. To an imaginary line between two buildings on the lot.

Permanent "No Build" easements, which identify an area

relative to adjoining property lines and are filed as permanent

easements with the Cleveland County Clerk, may be considered

when determining the fire separation distance.

FIXTURE. See "Plumbing fixture."

FIXTURE BRANCH, DRAINAGE. A drain serving two or

more fixtures that discharges into another portion of the

drainage system.

FIXTURE BRANCH, WATER-SUPPLY. A water-supply

pipe between the fixture supply and a main water-distribution

pipe or fixture group main.

FIXTURE DRAIN. The drain from the trap of a fixture to the

junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.

FIXTURE FITTING.

Supply fitting. A fitting that controls the volume and/or

directional flow of water and is either attached to or accessible

from a fixture or is used with an open or atmospheric discharge.

Waste fitting. A combination of components that conveys

the sanitary waste from the outlet of a fixture to the connection

of the sanitary drainage system.

FIXTURE GROUP, MAIN. The main water-distribution

pipe (or secondary branch) serving a plumbing fixture grouping

such as a bath, kitchen or laundry area to which two or more

individual fixture branch pipes are connected.

FIXTURE SUPPLY. The water-supply pipe connecting a

fixture or fixture fitting to a fixture branch.

FIXTURE UNIT, DRAINAGE {d.f.u.}. A measure of probable

discharge into the drainage system by various types of

plumbing fixtures, used to size DWV piping systems. The

drainage fixture-unit value for a particular fixture depends on

its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the time duration of a

single drainage operation and on the average time between

successive

operations.

FIXTURE UNIT, WATER-SUPPLY {w.s.f.u.}. A measure of

the probable hydraulic demand on the water supply by various

types of plumbing fixtures used to size water-piping systems.

The water-supply fixture-unit value for a particular fixture

depends on its volume rate of supply, on the time duration of a

single supply operation and on the average time between

successive operations.

FLAMESPREAD. The propagation of flame over a surface.

FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure,

expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual

measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material

tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

FLIGHT. A continuous run of rectangular treads or winders or

combination thereof from one landing to another.

FLOOD-LEVEL RIM. The edge of the receptor or fixture

from which water overflows.

FLOOR DRAIN. A plumbing fixture for recess in the floor

having a floor-level strainer intended for the purpose of the

collection and disposal of waste water used in cleaning the floor

and for the collection and disposal of accidental spillage to the

floor.

FLOOR FURNACE. A self-contained furnace suspended

from the floor of the space being heated, taking air for

combustion from outside such space, and with means for

lighting the appliance from such space.

FLOW PRESSURE. The static pressure reading in the

water-supply pipe near the faucet or water outlet while the

faucet or water outlet is open and flowing at capacity.

FLUE. See "Vent."

FLUE, APPLIANCE. The passages within an appliance

through which combustion products pass from the combustion

chamber to the flue collar.

FLUE COLLAR. The portion of a fuel-burning appliance

designed for the attachment of a draft hood, vent connector or

venting system.

FLUE GASES. Products of combustion plus excess air in

appliance flues or heat exchangers.

FLUSH VALVE. A device located at the bottom of a flush tank

that is operated to flush water closets.

FLUSHOMETER TANK. A device integrated within an air

accumulator vessel that is designed to discharge a

predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing

purposes.

FLUSHOMETER VALVE. A flushometer valve is a device

that discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures

for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure.

FOAM BACKERBOARD. Foam plastic used in siding

applications where the foam plastic is a component of the

siding.

FOAM PLASTIC INSULATION. A plastic that is intentionally

expanded by the use of a foaming agent to produce a

reduced-density plastic containing voids consisting of open or

closed cells distributed throughout the plastic for thermal

insulating or acoustic purposes and that has a density less than

20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m3) unless it is used as

interior trim.

FOAM PLASTIC INTERIOR TRIM. Exposed foam plastic

used as picture molds, chair rails, crown moldings, baseboards,

handrails, ceiling beams, door trim and window trim and similar

decorative or protective materials used in fixed applications.

FUEL-PIPING SYSTEM. All piping, tubing, valves and fittings

used to connect fuel utilization equipment to the point of

fuel delivery.

FULLWAY VALVE. A valve that in the full open position has

an opening cross-sectional area equal to a minimum of 85

percent of the cross-sectional area of the connecting pipe.

Table R301.2(1)

Cliamatic and Geographic Design Criteria

Wind Design Subject to Damage From

Ground

Snow

Load

Speedd

(mph)

Toppgraphic

effectsk

Seisemic

Design

Categoryf Weathering

a

Frost

line

depthb,l

Termitec

Winter

Design

Tempe

Ice Barrier

Underlayment

Requiredh

Flood

Hazardsg

Air

Freezing

Indexi

Mean

Annual

Tempj

10

lbs/sqft.

90

mph No C moderate 12"

moderate

to heavy 13o

F No

see

FIRM

maps 300 61.3o F

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

a. Weathering may require a higher strength concrete or grade of masonry than necessary to satisfy the structural requirements of this code. The weathering column

shall be filled in with the weathering index (Le., "negligible," "moderate" or "severe") for concrete as determined from the Weathering Probability Map [Figure

R301.2(3)]. The grade of masonry units shall be determined from ASTM C 34, C 55, C 62, C 73, C 90, C 129, C 145, C 216 or C 652.

b. The frost line depth may require deeper footings than indicated in Figure R403.l(l) . The jurisdiction shall fill in the frost line depth column with the minimum

depth of footing below finish grade.

c. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table to indicate the need for protection depending on whether there has been a history of local subterranean termite damage.

d. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the wind speed from the basic wind speed map [FigureR301.2(4)].Wind exposure category shall be determined

on a site-specific basis in accordance with Section R30l.2.l.4.

e. The outdoor design dry-bulb temperature shall be selected from the columns of 97.5 -percent values for winter from Appendix D of the International Plumbing

Code. Deviations from the Appendix D temperatures shall be permitted to reflect local climates or local weather experience as determined by the building official.

f. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the seismic design category determined from Section R30l.2.2.l.

g. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with (a) the date of the jurisdiction's entry into the National Flood Insurance Program (date of adoption of the first

code or ordinance for management of flood hazard areas) , (b) the date (s) of the Flood Insurance Study and (c) the panel numbers and dates of all currently effective

FIRMs and FBFMs or other flood hazard map adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, as amended.

h. In accordance with Sections R905.2.7.l, R905.4.3.l, R905.5.3.l, R905.6.3.l, R905.7.3.l and R905.8.3.l, where there has been a history of local damage from the

effects of ice damming, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with "YES." Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with "NO."

i. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the 100-year return period air freezing index (BF-days) from Figure R403.3(2) or from the 100-year (99%)

value on the National Climatic Data Center data table "Air Freezing Index- USA Method (Base 32°)" at www.ncdc.noaa.gov/fpsf.html.

j . The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the mean annual temperature from the National Climatic Data Center data table "Air Freezing Index-USA

Method (Base 32°F)" at www.ncdc.noaa.gov/fpsf.html.

k. In accordance with Section R301.2.1.5,where there is local historical data documenting structural damage to buildings due to topographic wind speed-Up effects,

the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with "YES." Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall indicate "NO" in this part of the table

l. Bottom of footing to be at 18” below grade.

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 square inch = 645 mm2

,

1 pound = 4.45 N.

a. Elevated garage floors shall be capable of supporting a 2,000-pound load

applied over a 20-square-inch area.

b. Attics without storage are those where the maximum clear height between

joist and rafter is less than 42 inches, or where there are not two or more

adjacent trusses with the same web configuration capable of containing a

rectangle 42 inches high by 2 feet wide, or greater, located within the plane of

the truss or the space is more than 10 feet from the point of entry to the attic

space and no provision for attic storage is installed. For attics without storage,

this live load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other live load

requirements.

c. Individual stair treads shall be designed for the uniformly distributed live

load or a 300-pound concentrated load acting over an area of 4 square inches,

whichever produces the greater stresses.

d. A single concentrated load applied in any direction at any point along the top.

e. See Section R502.2.2 for decks attached to exterior walls.

f. Guard in-fill components (all those except the handrail), balusters and panel

fillers shall be designed to withstand a horizontally applied normal load of

50 pounds on an area equal to 1square foot. This load need not be assumed to

act concurrently with any other live load requirement.

g. For attics with limited storage and constructed with trusses, this live load

need be applied only to those portions of the bottom chord where there are

two or more adjacent trusses with the same web configuration capable of

containing a rectangle 42 inches high or greater by 2 feet wide or greater,

located within the plane of the truss. The rectangle shall fit between the top

of the bottom chord and the bottom of any other truss member, provided that

each of the following criteria is met.

1. The attic area is accessible by a pull-down stairway or framed in accordance

with Section R807.1.

2. The truss has a bottom chord pitch less than 2: 12.

3. Required insulation depth is less than the bottom chord member depth.

The bottom chords of trusses meeting the above criteria for limited storage

shall be designed for the greater of the actual imposed dead load or 10

psf, uniformly distributed over the entire span.

h. Glazing used in handrail assemblies and guards shall be designed with a

safety factor of 4. The safety factor shall be applied to each of the concentrated

loads applied to the top of the rail, and to the load on the in-fill components.

These loads shall be determined independent of one another, and

loads are assumed not to occur with any other live load

.

R301.6 Roof load. The roof shall be designed for the live load

indicated in Table R301.6 or the snow load indicated in Table

R301.2(1), whichever is greater.

Note: L = span length, H = span height.

a. The wind load shall be permitted to be taken as 0.7 times the Component and

Cladding loads for the purpose of the determining deflection limits herein.

b. For cantilever members, L shall be taken as twice the length of the cantilever.

c. For aluminum structural members or panels used in roofs or walls of sunroom

additions or patio covers, not supporting edge of glass or sandwich panels, the

total load deflection shall not exceed L/60. For continuous aluminum

structural members supporting edge of glass, the total load deflection

shall not exceed L/175 for each glass lite or L/60 for the entire length of the

member, whichever is more stringent. For sandwich panels used in roofs or

walls of sunroom additions or patio covers, the total load deflection shall not

exceed L/120.

d. Deflection for exterior walls with interior gypsum board finish shall be

limited to an allowable deflection of H/180.

e. Refer to Section R703.7.2.

R301.8 Nominal sizes. For the purposes of this code, where

dimensions of lumber are specified, they shall be deemed to be

nominal dimensions unless specifically designated as actual

dimensions.

SECTION R302 FIRE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION R302.1 Exterior walls. Construction, projections, openings

and penetrations of exterior walls of dwellings and accessory

buildings shall comply with Table R302.1.

Exceptions: 1. Walls, projections, openings or penetrations in walls

perpendicular to the line used to determine the fire

separation distance.

2. Walls of dwellings and accessory structures located

on the same lot.

3. Detached tool sheds and storage sheds, playhouses

and similar structures exempted from permits are not

required to provide wall protection based on location

on the lot. Projections beyond the exterior wall shall

not extend over the lot line.

4. Detached garages accessory to a dwelling located within

2 feet (610 mm) of a lot line are permitted to have roof

eave projections not exceeding 4 inches (102 mm).

5. Foundation vents installed in compliance with this

6. Open metal carport structures may be constructed within zero

(0) feet of the property line without fire-resistive or opening

protection when the location of such is approved by other

adopted codes.

R302.2 Townhouses. Each townhouse shall be considered a

separate building and shall be separated by fire-resistance-

rated wall assemblies meeting the requirements of Section

R302.1 for exterior walls.

Exception: A common I-hour fire-resistance-rated wall

assembly tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263

is permitted for townhouses if such walls do not contain

plumbing or mechanical equipment, ducts or vents in the

cavity of the common wall. The wall shall be rated for fire

exposure from both sides and shall extend to and be tight

against exterior walls and the underside of the roof sheathing.

Electrical installations shall be installed in accordance

with Chapters 34 through 43. Penetrations of electrical outlet

boxes shall be in accordance with Section R302.4.

of the wall or assembly, including wall extensions through

and separating attached enclosed accessory structures.

R302.2.1 Continuity. The fire-resistance-rated wall or

assembly separating townhouses shall be continuous from

the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck

or slab. The fire-resistance rating shall extend the full length

R302.2.2 Parapets. Parapets constructed in accordance

with Section R302.2.3 shall be constructed for townhouses

as an extension of exterior walls or common walls in accordance

with the following:

1. Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are

at the same elevation, the parapet shall extend not less

than 30 inches (762 mm) above the roof surfaces.

2. Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are

at different elevations and the higher roof is not more

than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof, the

parapet shall extend not less than 30 inches (762 mm)

above the lower roof surface.

Exception: A parapet is not required in the two

cases above when the roof is covered with a minimum

class C roof covering, and the roof decking or

sheathing is of noncombustible materials or

approved fire-retardant-treated wood for a distance

of 4 feet (1219 mm) on each side of the wall or

walls, or one layer of sis-inch (15 .9 mm) Type X

gypsum board is installed directly beneath the roof

decking or sheathing, supported by a minimum of

nominal 2-inch (51 mm) ledgers attached to the

sides of the roof framing members, for a minimum

distance of 4 feet (1219 mm) on each side of the

wall or walls.

3. A parapet is not required where roof surfaces adjacent

to the wall or walls are at different elevations and the

higher roof is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above

the lower roof. The common wall construction from

the lower roof to the underside of the higher roof deck

shall have not less than a 1 -hour fire-resistance rating.

The wall shall be rated for exposure from both sides

code are permitted.

Amended R302.1 Table

EXTERIOR WALL ELEMENT MINIMUM FIRE RESISTANCE

RATING

MINIMUM FIRE

SEPERATION

DISTANCE

Walls (Fire-resistance rated) 1 hour with exposure from both

sides

<3 0 feet

(Not fire-resistance rated) 0 hours >3 > 3 feet

Projections (Fire-resistance rated) 1 hour on the underside >2 feet to 3 feet

0 feet

(Not fire-resistance rated) 0 hours 5 feet >3 feet

Openings Not allowed N/A < 3 feet

Unlimited 0 hours 5 feet > 3 feet

Penetration ALL Comply with Section R302.4 <5 < 3 feet

None Required 5 feet > 3 feet

fireblocking in walls constructed using parallel rows of

studs or staggered studs.

R302.11.1.2 Unfaced fiberglass. Unfaced fiberglass

batt insulation used as fireblocking shall fill the entire

cross section of the wall cavity to a minimum height of

16 inches (406 mm) measured vertically. When piping,

conduit or similar obstructions are encountered, the insulation

shall be packed tightly around the obstruction.

R302.11.1.3 Loose-fill insulation material. Loose-fill

insulation material shall not be used as a fireblock unless

specifically tested in the form and manner intended for

use to demonstrate its ability to remain in place and to

retard the spread of fire and hot gases.

R302.11.2 Fireblocking integrity. The integrity of all

fireblocks shall be maintained.

R302.12 Draftstopping. In combustible construction where

there is usable space both above and below the concealed space

of a floor/ceiling assembly, draftstops shall be installed so that

the area of the concealed space does not exceed 1,000 square

feet (92.9 mZ). Draftstopping shall divide the concealed space

into approximately equal areas. Where the assembly is

enclosed by a floor membrane above and a ceiling membrane

below, draftstopping shall be provided in floor/ceiling

assemblies under the following circumstances:

1. Ceiling is suspended under the floor framing.

2. Floor framing is constructed of truss-type open-web or

perforated members.

R302.12.1 Materials. Draftstopping materials shall not be

less than 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board, 3/8-inch (9.5

mm) wood structural panels or other approved materials

adequately supported. Draftopping shall be installed parallel

to the floor framing members unless otherwise approved

by the building official. The integrity of the draftstops shall

be maintained.

R302.13 Combustible insulation clearance. Combustible

insulation shall be separated a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm)

from recessed luminaires, fan motors and other heat-producing

devices.

Exception: Where heat-producing devices are listed for

lesser clearances, combustible insulation complying with

the listing requirements shall be separated in accordance

with the conditions stipulated in the listing.

Recessed luminaires installed in the building thermal envelope

shall meet the requirements of Section NII02.4.5.

SECTION R303 LIGHT, VENTILATION AND HEATING R303.1 Habitable rooms. All habitable rooms shall have an

aggregate glazing area of not less than 8 percent of the floor

area of such rooms. Natural ventilation shall be through

windows, doors, louvers or other approved openings to the

outdoor air. Such openings shall be provided with ready access

or shall otherwise be readily controllable by the building

occupants. The minimum openable area to the outdoors shall be

4 percent of the floor area being ventilated.

Exceptions: 1. The glazed areas need not be openable where the opening is

not required by Section R310 and an approved mechanical

ventilation system capable of producing 0.35 air change per

hour in the room is installed or a whole-house mechanical

ventilation system is installed capable of supplying outdoor

ventilation air of 15 cubic feet per minute (cfm) (78 L/s) per

occupant computed on the basis of two occupants for the first

bedroom and one occupant for each additional bedroom.

2. The glazed areas need not be installed in rooms where

Exception 1 above is satisfied and artificial light is provided

capable of producing an average illumination of

6 footcandles (65 lux) over the area of the room at a

height of 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor level.

3. Use of sunroom addition sand patio covers, as defined in

Section R202, shall be permitted for natural ventilation

if in excess of 40 percent of the exterior sunroom wa11s

are open, or are enclosed only by insect screening.

R303.2 Adjoining rooms. For the purpose of determining

light and ventilation requirements, any room shall be considered

as a portion of an adjoining room when at least one-half of

the area of the common wall is open and unobstructed and

provides an opening of not less than one-tenth of the floor area

of the interior room but not less than 25 square feet (2.3 mZ).

Exception: Openings required for light and/or ventilation

shall be permitted to open into a thermally isolated sunroom

addition or patio cover, provided that there is an openable

area between the adjoining room and the sunroom addition

or patio cover of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of

the interior room but not less than 20 square feet (2 mZ). The

minimum openable area to the outdoors shall be based upon

the total floor area being ventilated.

R303.3 Bathrooms. Bathrooms, water closet compartments

and other similar rooms shall be provided with aggregate

glazing area in windows of not less than 3 square feet (0.3 mZ),

one-half of which must be openable. Separate window or

artificial light and mechanical ventilation system provided

through exception shall be required for enclosed/segregated

toilet, bath or shower spaces.

Exception: The glazed areas shall not be required where

artificial light and a mechanical ventilation system are provided.

The minimum ventilation rates shall be 50 cubic feet per minute

(24 L/s) for intermittent ventilation or 20 cubic feet per

minute (10 L/s) for continuous ventilation. Ventilation air

from the space shall be exhausted directly to the outside. Attic

spaces are not considered outside for purposes of ventilation.

R303.4 Opening location. Outdoor intake and exhaust openings

shall be located in accordance with Sections R303.4.1 and

R303.4.2.

R303.4.1 Intake openings. Mechanical and gravity outdoor

air intake openings shall be located a minimum of 10

feet (3048 mm) from any hazardous or noxious contaminant'

such as vents, chimneys, plumbing vents, streets,

alleys, parking lots and loading docks, except as otherwise

specified in this code. Where a source of contaminant is

.

accordance with Section R311.8 or a stairway in accordance with

Section R311.7.

R311.5 Construction.

R311.5.1 Attachment. Exterior landings, decks, balconies,

stairs and similar facilities shall be positively anchored to

the primary structure to resist both vertical and lateral forces

or shall be designed to be self-supporting. Attachment shall

not be accomplished by use of toenails or nails subject to

withdrawal.

R311.6 Hallways. The minimum width of a hallway shall be

not less than 3 feet (914 mm).

R311.7 Stairways.

R311.7.1 Width. Stairways shall not be less than 36 inches

(914 mm) in clear width at all points above the permitted

handrail height and below the required headroom height.

Handrails shall not project more than 4.5 inches (114 mm)

on either side of the stairway and the minimum clear width

of the stairway at and below the handrail height, including

treads and landings, shall not be less than 31 1/ 2 inches (787

mm) where a handrail is installed on one side and 27 inches

(698 mm) where handrails are provided on both sides.

Exception: The width of spiral stairways shall be in

accordance with Section R311.7.9.1.

R311.7.2 Headroom. The minimum headroom in all parts

of the stairway shall not be less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032

mm) measured vertically from the sloped line adjoining the

tread nosing or from the floor surface of the landing or platform

on that portion of the stairway.

Exception: Where the nosings of treads at the side of a

flight extend under the edge of a floor opening through

which the stair passes, the floor opening shall be allowed

to project horizontally into the required headroom a

maximum of 43/ 4 inches (121 mm).

R311.7.3 Walkline. The walkline across winder treads

shall be concentric to the curved direction of travel through

the turn and located 12 inches (305 mm) from the side where

the winders are narrower. The 12-inch (305 mm) dimension

shall be measured from the widest point of the clear stair

width at the walking surface of the winder. If winders are

adjacent within the flight, the point of the widest clear stair

width of the adjacent winders shall be used.

R311.7.4 Stair treads and risers. Stair treads and risers

shall meet the requirements of this section. For the purposes

of this section all dimensions and dimensioned surfaces

shall be exclusive of carpets, rugs or runners.

R311.7.4.1 Riser height. The maximum riser height shall

be 7 3/ 4

inches (196 mm). The riser shall be measured vertically

between leading edges of the adjacent treads. The

greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall not

exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) at rough-in.

Top and bottom riser may vary by ¾ inch at final inspection, not to

exceed 7 ¾ of an inch (196mm).

R311.7.4.2 Tread depth. The minimum tread depth

shall be 10 inches (254 mm). The tread depth shall be

measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the

foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right

angle to the tread's leading edge. The greatest tread depth

within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by

more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Consistently shaped winders

at the walkline shall be allowed within the same flight

of stairs as rectangular treads and do not have to be

within 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) of the rectangular tread depth.

Winder treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 10

inches (254 mm) measured between the vertical planes of

the foremost projection of adjacent treads at the intersections

with the walkline. Winder treads shall have a minimum

tread depth of 6 inches (152 mm) at any point within

the clear width of the stair. Within any flight of stairs, the

largest winder tread depth at the walkline shall not exceed

the smallest winder tread by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).

R311.7.4.3 Open risers. Open risers are permitted, provided that

the opening between treads does not permit the passage of a 4-inch

diameter sphere.

Exception: The opening between adjacent treads is not limited on

stairs with a total rise of 30 inches or less.Profile. The radius of

curvature at the nosing shall be no greater than 9/16 inch (14 mm).

A nosing not less than 3/4 inch (19 mm) but not more than 11/ 4

inches (32 mm) shall be provided on stairways with solid risers.

The greatest nosing projection shall not exceed the

smallest nosing projection by more than 3/8 inch (9.5

mm) between two stories, including the nosing at the

level of floors and landings. Beveling of nosings shall not

exceed 1/2 inch (12.7 mm). Risers shall be vertical or

sloped under the tread above from the underside of the

nosing above at an angle not more than 30 degrees (0.51

rad) from the vertical. Open risers are permitted, provided

that the opening between treads does not permit

the passage of a 4-inch diameter (102 mm) sphere.

Exceptions:

1. A nosing is not required where the tread depth

is a minimum of 11 inches (279 mm).

2. The opening between adjacent treads is not limited

on stairs with a total rise of 30 inches (762

mm) or less.

R311.7.4.4 Exterior wood/plastic composite stair I

treads. Wood/plastic composite stair treads shall comply

with the provisions of Section R31 7.4.

R311.7.5 Landings for stairways. There shall be a floor or

landing at the top and bottom of each stairway.

Exception: A floor or landing is not required at the top of

an interior flight of stairs, including stairs in an enclosed

garage, provided a door does not swing over the stairs. A

flight of stairs shall not have a vertical rise larger than 12

feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or landings. The

width of each landing shall not be less than the width of the

stairway served. Every landing shall have a minimum

dimension of 36 inches (914 mm) measured in the direction

of travel.

R311.7.6 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface of

treads and landings of stairways shall be sloped no steeper

than one unit vertical in 48 inches horizontal (2-percent

slope).

R311.7.7 Handrails. Handrails shall be provided on at least

one side of each continuous run of treads or flight with four

or more risers.

R311.7.7.1 Height. Handrail height, measured vertically

from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing, or

SECTION R312 GUARDS R312.1 Where required. Guards shall be located along

open-sided walking surfaces, including stairs, ramps and

landings, that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm)

measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any point

within 36 inches (914 mm) horizontally to the edge of the open

side. Insect screening shall not be considered as a guard.

R312.2 Height. Required guards at open-sided walking

surfaces, including stairs, porches, balconies or landings, shall

be not less than 36 inches (914 mm) high measured vertically

above the adjacent walking surface, adjacent fixed seating or

the line connecting the leading edges of the treads.

Exceptions:

1. Guards on the open sides of stairs shall have a height

not less than 34 inches (864 mm) measured vertically

from a line connecting the leading edges of the treads.

2. Where the top of the guard also serves as a handrail on

the open sides of stairs, the top of the guard shall not

be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than

38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from a line

connecting the leading edges of the treads.

R312.3 Opening limitations. Required guards shall not have

openings from the walking surface to the required guard height

which allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter.

Exceptions:

1. The triangular openings at the open side of a stair,

formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail of a guard,

shall not allow passage of a sphere 6 inches (153 mm)

in diameter.

2. Guards on the open sides of stairs shall not have openings

which allow passage of a sphere 43/ 8 inches (111

mm) in diameter.

R312.4 Exterior wood plastic composite guards. Wood plastic

composite guards shall comply with the provisions of Section

R317.4.

SECTION R313 AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS R313.1 Townhouse automatic fire sprinkler systems. An

automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall be installed in

townhouses.

Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system

shall not be required when additions or alterations are made

to existing townhouses that do not have an automatic residential

fire sprinkler system installed.

R313.1.1 Design and installation. Automatic residential

fire sprinkler systems for townhouses shall be designed and

installed in accordance with Section P2904.

Sections R313.2 and R313.2.1 moved to Appendix R.

R313.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic fire systems.

Effective January 1, 2011, an automatic residential fire

sprinkler system shall be installed in one- and two- family

dwellings. Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system

shall not be required for additions or alterations to existing

buildings that are not already provided with an automatic

residential sprinkler system.

R313.2.1 Design and installation. Automatic residential

fire sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in

accordance with Section P2904 or NFPA 13D.

SECTION R314 SMOKE ALARMS R314.1 Smoke detection and notification. All smoke alarms

shall be listed in accordance with UL 21 7 and installed in

accordance with the provisions of this code and the household

fire warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72.

R314.2 Smoke detection systems. Household fire alarm

systems

installed in accordance with NFPA 72 that include smoke

alarms, or a combination of smoke detector and audible

notification device installed as required by this section for

smoke alarms, shall be permitted. The household fire alarm

system shall provide the same level of smoke detection and

alarm as required by this section for smoke alarms. Where a

household fire warning system is installed using a combination

of smoke detector and audible notification device(s), it shall

become a permanent fixture of the occupancy and owned by the

homeowner. The system shall be monitored by an approved

supervising station and be maintained in accordance with NFPA

72.

Exception: Where smoke alarms are provided meeting the

requirements of Section R314.4.

R314.3 Location. Smoke alarms shall be installed in the

following locations:

1. In each sleeping room.

2. Outside each separate sleeping area in the immediate

vicinity of the bedrooms.

3. On each additional storyof the dwelling, including basements

and habitable attics but not including crawl spaces

and uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling units

with split levels and without an intervening door

between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on

the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level

provided that the lower level is less than one full story

below the upper level.

When more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed

within an individual dwelling unit the alarm devices shall be

interconnected in such a manner that the actuation of one alarm

will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit.

R314.3.1 Alterations, repairs and additions. When

alterations,

repairs or additions requiring a permit occur, or when one or

more sleeping rooms are added or created in existing dwellings,

the individual dwelling unit shall be equipped with smoke

alarms located as required for new dwellings.

Exceptions:

1. Work involving the exterior surfaces of dwellings,

such as the replacement of roofing or siding, or the

addition or replacement of windows or doors, or

the addition of a porch or deck, are exempt from

the requirements of this section.

2. Installation, alteration or repairs of electrical, plumbing or

mechanical systems are exempt from the requirements

of this section.

R314.4 Power source. Smoke alarms shall receive their

primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is

served from a commercial source, and when primary power is

interrupted, shall receive power from a battery. Wiring shall be

permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than those

required for overcurrent protection. Smoke alarms shall be

interconnected.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke alarms shall be permitted to be battery operated

when installed in buildings without commercial

power.

2. Interconnection and hard-wiring of smoke alarms in

existing areas shall not be required where the alterations

or repairs do not result in the removal of interior

wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure,

unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available

which could provide access for hard wiring and

interconnection without the removal of interior finishes.

SECTION R315 CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS R315.1 Carbon monoxide alarms. For new construction, an

approved carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed outside of

each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the

bedrooms in dwelling units within which fuel-fired appliances

are installed and in dwelling units that have attached garages.

Exception: If a residence with an attached garage has a sealed

door between the residence and the garage; and no fuel burning

appliances in the residence, then carbon monoxide detection is

not required within the residence.

R315.2 Where required in existing dwellings. Where work

requiring a permit occurs in existing dwellings that have

attached garages or in existing dwellings within which

fuel-fired appliances exist, carbon monoxide alarms shall be

provided in accordance with Section R315.1.

R315.3 Alarm requirements. Single station carbon monoxide

alarms shall be listed as complying with UL 2034 and shall be

installed in accordance with this code and the manufacturer's

installation instructions.

SECTION R316 FOAM PLASTIC R316.1 General. The provisions of this section shall govern

the materials, design, application, construction and installation

of foam plastic materials.

R316.2 Labeling and identification. Packages and containers

of foam plastic insulation and foam plastic insulation

components delivered to the job site shall bear the label of an

approved agency showing the manufacturer's name, the product

listing, product identification and information sufficient

to determine that the end use will comply with the requirements.

R316.3 Surface burning characteristics. Unless otherwise

allowed in Section R316.5 or R316.6, all foam plastic or foam

plastic cores used as a component in manufactured assemblies

used in building construction shall have a flame spread index of

not more than 75 and shall have a smoke-developed index of

not more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness

intended for use in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723.

Loose-fill type foam plastic insulation shall be tested as board

stock for the flame spread index and smoke-developed index.

Exception: Foam plastic insulation more than 4 inches (102

mm) thick shall have a maximum flame spread index of 75

and a smoke-developed index of 450 where tested at a minimum

thickness of 4 inches (102 mm), provided the end use

is approved in accordance with Section R316.6 using the

thickness and density intended for use.

R316.4 Thermal barrier. Unless otherwise allowed in Section

R316.5 or Section R316.6, foam plastic shall be separated from

the interior of a building by an approved thermal barrier of

minimum 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard or an approved

finish material equivalent to a thermal barrier material that will

limit the average temperature rise of the unexposed surface to

no more than 250°F (139°C) after 15 minutes of fire exposure

complying with the ASTM E 119 or UL 263 standard time

temperature curve. The thermal barrier shall be installed in such

a manner that it will remain in place for 15 minutes based on

NFPA 286 with the acceptance criteria of Section R302.9.4,

FM 4880, UL 1040 or UL 1715.

R316.5 Specific requirements. The following requirements

shall apply to these uses of foam plastic unless specifically

approved in accordance with Section R316.6 or by other

sections of the code or the requirements of Sections R316.2

through R316.4 have been met.

R316.5.1 Masonry or concrete construction. The thermal

barrier specified in Section R316.4 is not required in a

masonry or concrete wall, floor or roof when the foam plastic

insulation is separated from the interior of the building

by a minimum I-inch (25 mm) thickness of masonry or concrete.

R316.5.2 Roofing. The thermal barrier specified in Section

R316.4 is not required when the foam plastic in a roof

assembly or under a roof covering is installed in accordance

with the code and the manufacturer's installation instructions

and is separated from the interior of the building by

tongue-and-groove wood planks or wood structural panel

sheathing in accordance with Section R803, not less than

15/32 inch (11.9 mm) thick bonded with exterior glue and

identified as Exposure 1, with edges supported by blocking

or tongue-and-groove joints or an equivalent material. The

smoke-developed index for roof applications shall not be

limited.

R316.5.3 Attics. The thermal barrier specified in Section

R316.4 is not required where all of the following apply:

1. Attic access is required by Section R807.1.

2. The space is entered only for purposes of repairs or

maintenance.

walls that are designed to break away under flood

loads; and

2. Are constructed with insect screening or open lattice;

or

3. Are designed to break away or collapse without causing

collapse, displacement or other structural damage

to the elevated portion of the building or supporting

foundation system. Such walls, framing and connections

shall have a design safe loading resistance of not

less than 10 (479 Pa) and no more than 20 pounds per

square foot (958 Pa); or

4. Where wind loading values of this code exceed 20

pounds per square foot (958 Pa), the construction

documents shall include documentation prepared and

sealed by a registered design professional that:

4.1. The walls and partitions below the design

flood elevation have been designed to collapse

from a water load less than that which

would occur during the design flood.

4.2. The elevated portion of the building and supporting

foundation system have been designed

to withstand the effects of wind and flood loads

acting simultaneously on all building components

(structural and nonstructural). Water

loading values used shall be those associated

with the design flood. Wind loading values

shall be those required by this code.

R322.3.5 Enclosed areas below design flood elevation.

Enclosed areas below the design flood elevation shall be

used solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage.

R322.3.6 Construction documents. The construction

documents

shall include documentation that is prepared and

sealed by a registered design professional that the design

and methods of construction to be used meet the applicable

criteria of this section.

SECTION R323 STORM SHELTERS R323.1 General. This section applies to the construction of

storm shelters when constructed as separate detached buildings

or when constructed as safe rooms within buildings for the

purpose of providing safe refuge from storms that produce high

winds, such as tornados and hurricanes. In addition to other

applicable requirements in this code, storm shelters shall be

constructed in accordance with one of the following:

ICC/NSSA-500 or FEMA 320 or other equivalent engineered

system.

cut or drilled after treatment, the treated surface shall be

field treated with copper naphthenate, the concentration of

which shall contain a minimum of 2 percent copper metal,

by repeated brushing, dipping or soaking until the wood

absorbs no more preservative.

R402.2 Concrete. Concrete shall have a minimum specified

compressive strength of t;, as shown in Table R402.2. Concrete

subject to moderate or severe weathering as indicated in Table

R301.2(1) shall be air entrained as specified in Table R402.2.

The maximum weight of fly ash, other pozzolans, silica fume,

slag or blended cements that is included in concrete mixtures for

garage floor slabs and for exterior porches, carport slabs and

steps that will be exposed to deicing chemicals shall not exceed

the percentages of the total weight of cementitious materials

specified in Section 4.2.3 ofACI 318. Materials used to produce

concrete and testing thereof shall comply with the applicable

standards listed in Chapter 3 of ACI 318 or ACI 332.

Exception: Interior concrete slabs on grade and enclosed garage

slabs are not required to be air entrained.

R402.3 Precast concrete. Precast concrete foundations shall

be designed in accordance with Section R404.5 and shall be

installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and the

manufacturer's installation instructions.

R402.3.1 Precast concrete foundation materials. Materials

used to produce precast concrete foundations shall meet

the following requirements.

1. All concrete used in the manufacture of precast concrete

foundations shall have a minimum compressive strength of

5,000 psi (34 470 kPa) at 28 days. Concrete exposed to a

freezing and thawing environment shall be air entrained with a

minimum total air content of 5 percent.

2. Structural reinforcing steel shall meet the requirements

of ASTM A 615, A 706 or A 996. The minimum yield strength

of reinforcing steel shall be 40,000 psi (Grade 40) (276 MPa).

Steel reinforcement for precast concrete foundation walls shall

have a minimum concrete cover of 3/4 inch (19.1 mm).

3. Panel-to-panel connections shall be made with Grade

II steel fasteners.

4. The use of nonstructural fibers shall conform to

ASTM C 1116.

5. Grout used for bedding precast foundations placed

upon concrete footings shall meet ASTM C 1107.

SECTION R403 FOOTINGS R403.1 General. All exterior walls shall be supported on

continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings,

crushed stone footings, wood foundations, or other approved

structural systems which shall be of sufficient design to

accommodate all loads according to Section R301 and to

transmit the resulting loads to the soil within the limitations as

determined from the character of the soil. Footings shall be

supported on undisturbed natural soils or engineered fill.

Concrete footing shall be designed and constructed in

accordance with the provisions of Section R403 or in

accordance with ACI 332.

Exception: Temporary buildings and unoccupied buildings not

exceeding one story in height and 400 square feet in area shall

be exempt from these requirements.

R403.1.1 Minimum size. Minimum sizes for concrete and

masonry footings shall be as set forth in Table R403.1 and

Figure R403.1(1) . The footing width, W, shall be based on

the load-bearing value of the soil in accordance with Table

R401.4.1. Spread footings shall be at least 6 inches (152 mm)

in thickness, T. Footing projections, P, shall be at least 2

inches (51 mm) and shall not exceed the thickness of the

footing. The size of footings supporting piers and columns shall

be based on the tributary load and allowable soil pressure in

accordance with Table R401.4.1 . Footings for wood

foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in

Section R403.2, and Figures R403.1 (2) and R403.1 (3).

All foundations to have

a minimum of 2, #4 steel

bars.

R403.1.5 Slope. The top surface of footings shall be level.

The bottom surface of footings shall not have a slope

exceeding one unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent

slope). Footings shall be stepped where it is necessary

to change the elevation of the top surface of the footings or

where the slope of the bottom surface of the footings will

exceed one unit vertical in ten units horizontal (10-percent

slope).

R403.1.6 Foundation anchorage. Sill plates and walls

supported directly on continuous foundations shall be

anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.

Wood sole plates at all exterior walls on monolithic slabs,

wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building interiors

on monolithic slabs and all wood sill plates shall be

anchored to the foundation with anchor bolts spaced a maximum

of 6 feet (1829 mm) on center. Bolts shall be at least 1/2

inch (12.7 mm) in diameter and shall extend a minimum of 7

inches (1 78 mm) into concrete or grouted cells of concrete

masonry units. A nut and washer shall be tightened on each

anchor bolt. There shall be a minimum of two bolts per plate

section with one bolt located not more than 12 inches (305

mm) or less than seven bolt diameters from each end of the

plate section. Interior bearing wall sole plates on monolithic

slab foundation that are not part of a braced wall panel shall

be positively anchored with approved fasteners. Sill plates

and sole plates shall be protected against decay and termites

where required by Sections R317 and R318. Cold-formed

steel framing systems shall be fastened to wood sill plates or

anchored directly to the foundation as required in Section

R505.3.1 or R603.3.1.

Exceptions:

1. Foundation anchorage, spaced as required to provide

equivalent anchorage to 1/r inch-diameter

(12.7 mm) anchor bolts.

2. Walls 24 inches (610 mm) total length or shorter

connecting offset braced wall panels shall be

anchored to the foundation with a minimum of one

anchor bolt located in the center third of the plate

section and shall be attached to adjacent braced

wall panels at corners as shown in Figure

R602.10.4.4(1) .

3. Connection of walls 12 inches (305 mm) total

length or shorter connecting offset braced wall

panels to the foundation without anchor bolts shall

be permitted. The wall shall be attached to adjacent

braced wall panels at corners as shown in Figure

R602.10.4.4(1) .

R403.1.6.1 Foundation anchorage in Seismic Design

Categories C, Do, D1 and D2• In addition to the requirements

of Section R403.1.6, the following requirements

shall apply to wood light-frame structures in Seismic

Design Categories Do, D1 and D2 and wood light-frame

townhouses in Seismic Design Category C.

1. Plate washers conforming to Section R602.11.1

shall be provided for all anchor bolts over the full

length of required braced wall lines except where

approved anchor straps are used. Properly sized

cut washers shall be permitted for anchor bolts in I

wall lines not containing braced wall panels.

2. Interior braced wall plates shall have anchor bolts

spaced at not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) on center

and located within 12 inches (305 mm) of the ends

of each plate section when supported on a continuous

foundation.

3. Interior bearing wall sole plates shall have anchor

bolts spaced at not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) on

center and located within 12 inches (305 mm) of

the ends of each plate section when supported on a

continuous foundation.

4. The maximum anchor bolt spacing shall be 4 feet

(1219 mm)for buildings over two stories in height.

5. Stepped cripple walls shall conform to Section

R602.11.2.

6. Where continuous wood foundations in accordance

with Section R404.2 are used, the force

transfer shall have a capacity equal to or greater

than the connections required by Section

R602.11.1 or the braced wall panel shall be connected

to the wood foundations in accordance with

the braced wall panel-to-floor fastening requirements

of Table R602.3(1).

7. Wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building interiors

on monolithic slabs may be anchored using connector(s) with a

shear capacity of 2300 pounds and a tensile capacity of 800

pounds over a maximum span of 6 feet.

R403.1.7 Footings on or adjacent to slopes. The placement

of buildings and structures on or adjacent to slopes steeper

than one unit vertical in three units horizontal (33.3-percent

slope) shall conform to Sections R403.1.7.1 through R403.1.7.4.

R403.1.7.1 Building clearances from ascending

slopes. In general, buildings below slopes shall be set a

sufficient distance from the slope to provide protection

from slope drainage, erosion and shallow failures.

Except as provided in Section R403.1.7.4 and Figure

R403.1.7.1, the following criteria will be assumed to

provide this protection. Where the existing slope is

steeper than one unit vertical in one unit horizontal

(100-percent slope), the toe of the slope shall be assumed

to be at the intersection of a horizontal plane drawn from

the top of the foundation and a plane drawn tangent to the

slope at an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal.

Where a retaining wall is constructed at the toe of the

slope, the height of the slope shall be measured from the

top of the wall to the top of the slope.

R403.1.7.2 Footing setback from descending slope

surfaces. Footings on or adjacent to slope surfaces shall

be founded in material with an embedment and setback

from the slope surface sufficient to provide vertical and

lateral support for the footing without detrimental settlement.

Except as provided for in Section R403.1.7.4 and

Figure R403.1.7.1, the following setback is deemed adequate

to meet the criteria. Where the slope is steeper than

one unit vertical in one unit horizontal (100-percent

slope), the required setback shall be measured from an

imaginary plane 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal,

projected upward from the toe of the slope.

R404.1.1.1 Masonry foundation walls. Concrete

masonry and clay masonry foundation walls shall be constructed

as set forth in Table R404.1.1 (1), R404.1.1 (2),

R404.1.1(3) or R404.1.1 (4) and shall also comply with

applicable provisions of Sections R606, R607 and R608.

In buildings assigned to Seismic Design Categories Do, D1 and D2, concrete masonry and clay masonry foundation

walls shall also comply with Section R404.1.4.1. Rubble

stone masonry foundation walls shall be constructed in

accordance with Sections R404.1.8 and R607.2.2. Rubble

stone masonry walls shall not be used in Seismic Design

Categories Do, D1 and D2.

R404.1.2 Concrete foundation walls. Concrete foundation

walls that support light-frame walls shall be designed and

constructed in accordance with the provisions of this section,

ACI 318, ACI 332 or PCA 100. Concrete foundation walls

that support above-grade concrete walls that are within the

applicability limits of Section R611.2 shall be designed and

constructed in accordance with the provisions of this section,

ACI 318, ACI 332 or PCA 100. Concrete foundation walls

that support above-grade concrete walls that are not within

the applicability limits of Section R611. 2 shall be designed

and constructed in accordance with the provisions of ACI

318, ACI 332 or PCA 100. When ACI 318, ACI 332, PCA

100 or the provisions of this section are used to design concrete

foundation walls, project drawings, typical details and

specifications are not required to bear the seal of the architect

or engineer responsible for design, unless otherwise required

by the state law of the jurisdiction having authority.

R404.1.2.1 Concrete cross-section. Concrete walls

constructed in accordance with this code shall comply

with the shapes and minimum concrete cross-sectional

dimensions required by Table R611.3. Other types of

forming systems resulting in concrete walls not in compliance

with this section and Table R611.3 shall be

designed in accordance with ACI 318.

R404.1.2.2 Reinforcement for foundation walls. Concrete

foundation walls shall be laterally supported at the

top and bottom. Horizontal reinforcement shall be provided

in accordance with Table R404.1.2 (1). Vertical reinforcement

shall be provided in accordance with Table

R404.1.2(2), R404.1.2(3), R404.1.2(4), R404.1.2(5),

R404.1.2(6), R404.1.2(7) or R404.1.2(8). Vertical reinforcement

for flat basement walls retaining 4 feet (1219

mm) or more of unbalanced backfill is permitted to be

determined in accordance with Table R404.1.2 (9). For

basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls,

vertical reinforcement shall be the greater of that required

by Tables R404.1.2(2) through R404.1.2(8) or by Section

R611.6 for the above-grade wall. In buildings assigned to

Seismic Design Category Do, D1 or D2, concrete foundation

walls shall also comply with Section R404.1.4.2. In all cases

concrete and masonry foundation walls or slabs, if placed

directly to the footing, are to be attached to its footing with a

minimum #3 vertical steel bar imbedded a minimum 12″ into

both the footing and the foundation wall and placed 6′ o.c. and

at every corner.

R404.1.2.2.1 Concrete foundation stem walls supporting

above-grade concrete walls. Foundation

stem walls that support above-grade concrete walls

shall be designed and constructed in accordance with

this section.

1. Stem walls not laterally supported at top. Concrete

stem walls that are not monolithic with slabs-on-ground or are

not otherwise laterally supported by slabs-on-ground shall

comply with this section. Where unbalanced backfill retained

by the stem wall is less than or equal to 18 inches (457 mm), the

stem wall and above-grade wall it supports shall be provided

with vertical reinforcement in accordance with Section R611.6

and Table R611.6(1), R611.6(2) or R611.6(3)for above-grade

walls. Where unbalanced backfill retained by the stem wall is

greater than 18 inches (457 mm), the stem wall and above-grade

wall it supports shall be provided with vertical reinforcement in

accordance with Section R611.6 and Table R611.6(4).

2. Stem walls laterally supported at top. Concrete

stem walls that are monolithic with slabs-onground

or are otherwise laterally supported by

slabs-on-ground shall be vertically reinforced in

accordance with Section R611.6 and Table

R611.6(1), R611.6(2) or R611.6(3) for above grade

walls. Where the unbalanced backfill

retained by the stem wall is greater than 18 inches

(457 mm), the connection between the stem wall

and the slab-on-ground, and the portion of the

slab-on-ground providing lateral support for the

wall shall be designed in accordance with PCA

100 or in accordance with accepted engineering

practice. Where the unbalanced backfill retained

by the stem wall is greater than 18 inches (457

mm), the minimum nominal thickness of the wall

shall be 6 inches (152 mm).

R404.1.2.2.2 Concrete foundation stem walls supporting

light-frame above-grade walls. Concrete

foundation stem walls that support light-frame

above-grade walls shall be designed and constructed

in accordance with this section.

1. Stem walls not laterally supported at top. Concrete

stem walls that are not monolithic with

slabs-on-ground or are not otherwise laterally

supported by slabs-on-ground and retain 48

inches (1219 mm) or less of unbalanced fill,

measured from the top of the wall, shall be constructed

in accordance with Section R404.1.2.

Foundation stem walls that retain more than 48

inches (1219 mm) of unbalanced fill, measured

from the top of the wall, shall be designed in

accordance with Sections R404.1.3 and R404.4.

2. Stem walls laterally supported at top. Concrete

stem walls that are monolithic with slabs-onground

or are otherwise laterally supported by

slabs-on-ground shall be constructed in accordance

with Section R404.1.2. Where the unbalanced

backfill retained by the stem wall is greater

than 48 inches (1219 mm), the connection

between the stem wall and the slab-on- ground,

and the portion of the slab-on-ground providing

lateral support for the wall shall be designed in

accordance with PCA 100 or in accordance with

accepted engineering practice.

bonded into the load-bearing masonry wall in

accordance with Section R608.1.1 or Section

R608.1.1.2.

4. The maximum height of a 4-inch (102 mm)

load-bearing masonry foundation wall supporting

wood-frame walls and floors shall not be more

than 4 feet (1219 mm).

5. Anchorage shall be in accordance with Section

R403.1.6, Figure R404.1.5(1), or as specified by

engineered design accepted by the building official.

6. The unbalanced fill for 4-inch (102 mm) foundation

walls shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) for

solid masonry or 12 inches (305 mm) for hollow

masonry.

7. In Seismic Design Categories Do, D1 and D2, prescriptive

reinforcement shall be provided in the

horizontal and vertical direction. Provide minimum

horizontal joint reinforcement of two No.9

gage wires spaced not less than 6 inches (152 mm)

or one 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) diameter wire at 10 inches

(254 mm) on center vertically. Provide minimum

vertical reinforcement of one No. 4 bar at 48

inches (1220 mm) on center horizontally grouted

in place.

R404.1.6 Height above finished grade. Concrete and

masonry foundation walls shall extend above the finished

grade adjacent to the foundation at all points a minimum of

4 inches (102 mm) where masonry veneer is used and a

minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) elsewhere.

R404.1.7 Backfill placement. Backfill shall not be placed

against the wall until the wall has sufficient strength and has

been anchored to the floor above, or has been sufficiently

braced to prevent damage by the backfill.

Exception: Bracing is not required for walls supporting

less than 4 feet (1219 mm) of unbalanced backfill.

R404.1.8 Rubble stone masonry. Rubble stone masonry

foundation walls shall have a minimum thickness of 16

inches (406 mm), shall not support an unbalanced backfill

exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) in height, shall not support a

soil pressure greater than 30 pounds per square foot per foot

(4.71 kPa/m) , and shall not be constructed in Seismic

Design Categories Do, D1, D2 or townhouses in Seismic

Design Category C, as established in Figure R301.2 (2).

R404.2 Wood foundation walls. Wood foundation walls shall

be constructed in accordance with the provisions of Sections

R404.2.1 through R404.2.6 and with the details shown in

Figures R403.1 (2) and R403.1 (3).

R404.2.1 Identification. All load-bearing lumber shall be

identified by the grade mark of a lumber grading or inspection

agency which has been approved by an accreditation

body that complies with DOC PS 20. In lieu of a grade mark,

a certificate of inspection issued by a lumber grading or

inspection agency meeting the requirements of this section

shall be accepted. Wood structural panels shall conform to

DOC PS 1 or DOC PS 2 and shall be identified by a grade

mark or certificate of inspection issued by an approved

agency.

R404.2.2 Stud size. The studs used in foundation walls

shall be 2-inch by 6-inch (51 mm by 152 mm) members.

When spaced 16 inches (406 mm) on center, a wood species

with an Fb value of not less than 1,250 pounds per square

inch (8619 kPa) as listed in AF&PA/NDS shall be used.

When spaced 12 inches (305 mm) on center, an Fb of not less

than 875 psi (6033 kPa) shall be required.

R404.2.3 Height of backfill. For wood foundations that

are not designed and installed in accordance with AF&PA

PWF, the height of backfill against a foundation wall shall

not exceed 4 feet (1219 mm). When the height of fill is

more than 12 inches (305 mm) above the interior grade of a

crawl space or floor of a basement, the thickness of the plywood

sheathing shall meet the requirements of Table R404.2.3.

R404.2.4 Backfilling. Wood foundation walls shall not be

backfilled until the basement floor and first floor have been

constructed or the walls have been braced. For crawl space

construction, backfill or bracing shall be installed on the

interior of the walls prior to placing backfill on the exterior.

R404.2.5 Drainage and dampproofing. Wood foundation

basements shall be drained and dampproofed in accordance

with Sections R405 and R406, respectively.

R404.2.6 Fastening. Wood structural panel foundation

wall sheathing shall be attached to framing in accordance

with Table R602.3(1) and Section R402. 1. 1.

R404.3 Wood sill plates. Wood sill plates shall be a minimum

of 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) nominal lumber. Sill

plate anchorage shall be in accordance with Sections R403.1.6

and R602.11.

R404.4 Retaining walls. Retaining walls that are not laterally

supported at the top and that retain in excess of 24 inches (610

mm) of unbalanced fill shall be designed to ensure stability

against overturning, sliding, excessive foundation pressure and

water uplift. Retaining walls shall be designed for a safety factor

of 1.5 against lateral sliding and overturning.

404.5 Precast concrete foundation walls.

R404.5.1 Design. Precast concrete foundation walls shall

be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

The design and manufacture of precast concrete foundation

wall panels shall comply with the materials requirements of

Section R402.3 or ACI 318. The panel design drawings shall be

prepared by a registered design professional where required by

the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be

constructed in accordance with Section RI06.1.

R405.2.3 Drainage system. In other than Group I soils, a

sump shall be provided to drain the porous layer and footings.

The sump shall be at least 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter or

20 inches square (0.0129 m2), shall extend at least 24 inches

(610 mm) below the bottom of the basement floor and shall

be capable of positive gravity or mechanical drainage to

remove any accumulated water. The drainage system shall

discharge into an approved sewer system or to daylight.

SECTION R406 FOUNDATION WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING R406.1 Concrete and masonry foundation dampproofing.

Except where required by Section R406.2 to be waterproofed,

foundation walls that retain earth and enclose interior spaces

and floors below grade shall be dampproofed from the top of

the footing to the finished grade. Masonry walls shall have not

less than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) portland cement parging applied to

the exterior of the wall. The parging shall be dampproofed in

accordance with one of the following:

1. Bituminous coating.

2. Three pounds per square yard (1.63 kg/m2) of acrylic

modified cement.

3. One-eighth inch (3.2 mm) coat of surface-bonding

cement complying with ASTM C 887.

4. Any material permitted for waterproofing in Section

R406.2.

5. Other approved methods or materials.

Exception: Parging of unit masonry walls is not

required where a material is approved for direct application

to the masonry.

Concrete walls shall be dampproofed by applying anyone of

the above listed dampproofing materials or anyone of the

waterproofing materials listed in Section R406.2 to the exterior

of the wall.

R406.2 Concrete and masonry foundation waterproofing.

In areas where a high water table or other severe soil-water

conditions are known to exist, exterior foundation walls that

retain earth and enclose interior spaces and floors below grade

shall be waterproofed from the top of the footing to the finished

grade. Walls shall be waterproofed in accordance with one of

the following:

1. Two-ply hot-mopped felts.

2. Fifty five pound (25 kg) roll roofing.

3. Six-mil (0.15 mm) polyvinyl chloride.

4. Six-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene.

5. Forty-mil (1 mm) polymer-modified asphalt.

6. Sixty-mil (1.5 mm) flexible polymer cement.

7. One-eighth inch (3 mm) cement-based, fiber-reinforced,

waterproof coating.

8. Sixty-mil (0.22 mm) solvent-free liquid-applied synthetic

rubber.

9. Bentonite.

Exception: Organic-solvent-based products such as

hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones and esters

shall not be used for ICF walls with expanded polystyrene form

material. Use of plastic roofing cements, acrylic coatings,

latex coatings, mortars and pargings to seal ICF walls is

permitted. Cold-setting asphalt or hot asphalt shall conform to

type C of ASTM D 449. Hot asphalt shall be applied at a

temperature of less than 200°F (93°C). All joints in membrane

waterproofing shall be lapped and sealed with an adhesive

compatible with the membrane.

R406.3 Dampproofing for wood foundations. Wood

foundations

enclosing habitable or usable spaces located below grade

shall be dampproofed in accordance with Sections R406.3.1

through R406.3.4.

R406.3.1 Panel joint sealed. Plywood panel joints in the

foundation walls shall be sealed full length with a caulking

compound capable of producing a moisture-proof seal

under the conditions of temperature and moisture content at

which it will be applied and used.

R406.3.2 Below-grade moisture barrier. A 6-mil-thick

(0.15 mm) polyethylene film shall be applied over the

below-grade portion of exterior foundation walls prior to

backfilling. Joints in the polyethylene film shall be lapped 6

inches (152 mm) and sealed with adhesive. The top edge of

the polyethylene film shall be bonded to the sheathing to

form a seal. Film areas at grade level shall be protected from

mechanical damage and exposure by a pressure

preservatively treated lumber or plywood strip attached to

the wall several inches above finish grade level and extending

approximately 9 inches (229 mm) below grade. The

joint between the strip and the wall shall be caulked full

length prior to fastening the strip to the wall. Other coverings

appropriate to the architectural treatment may also be

used. The polyethylene film shall extend down to the bottom

of the wood footing plate but shall not overlap or extend

into the gravel or crushed stone footing.

R406.3.3 Porous fill. The space between the excavation and

the foundation wall shall be backfilled with the same material

used for footings, up to a height of 1 foot (305 mm)

above the footing for well-drained sites, or one-half the total

back-fill height for poorly drained sites. The porous fill shall

be covered with strips of 30-pound (13.6 kg) asphalt paper

or 6-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene to permit water seepage

while avoiding infiltration of fine soils.

R406.3.4 Backfill. The remainder of the excavated area

shall be backfilled with the same type of soil as was removed

during the excavation.

R406.4 Precast concrete foundation system dampproofing. Except where required by Section R406.2 to be waterproofed,

precast concrete foundation walls enclosing habitable or useable

spaces located below grade shall be dampproofed in accordance

with Section R406.1.

SECTION R506 CONCRETE FLOORS (ON GROUND) R506.1 General. Concrete slab-on-ground floors shall be a

minimum 3.5 inches (89 mm) thick (for expansive soils, see

Section R403.1.8). The specified compressive strength of

concrete shall be as set forth in Section R402.2.

R506.2 Site preparation. The area within the foundation

walls shall have all vegetation, top soil and foreign material

removed.

R506.2.1 Fill. Fill material shall be free of vegetation and

foreign material. The fill shall be compacted to assure uniform

support of the slab, and except where approved, the fill

depths shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) for clean sand

or gravel and 8 inches (203 mm) for earth.

R506.2.2 Base. A 4-inch-thick (102 mm) base course consisting

of clean graded sand, gravel, crushed stone or

crushed blast-furnace slag passing a 2-inch (51 mm) sieve

shall be placed on the prepared subgrade when the slab is

below grade.

Exception: A base course is not required when the

concrete slab is installed on well-drained or

sand-gravel mixture soils classified as Group I

according to the United Soil Classification System in

accordance with Table R405.1.

R506.2.3 Vapor retarder. A 6 mil (0.006 inch; 152 um)

polyethylene sheeting, other industry accepted vapor retarder

products installed per manufacturer specifications or approved

vapor retarder with joints lapped not less than 6 inches (152

mm) shall be placed between the concrete floor slab and the

base course or the prepared subgrade where no base course

exists.

Exception: The vapor retarder may be omitted:

1. From detached garages, utility buildings and other

unheated accessory structures.

2. For unheated storage rooms having an area of less

than 70 square feet (6.5 m2) and carports.

3. From driveways, walks, patios and other flatwork

not likely to be enclosed and heated at a later date.

4. Where approved by the building official, based on

local site conditions.

R506.2.4 Reinforcement support. Where provided in

slabs on ground, reinforcement shall be supported to remain

in place from the center to upper one third of the slab for the

duration of the concrete placement.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479kPa,

1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 mls. a. Design required.

b Studs to be laterally braced by a minimum ceiling joists, floor joists, or a ledger or beam holding ceiling or floor members.. Applicability of this table assumes the following: Snow load not

exceeding 25 psf, 4 not less than 1310 psi determined by multiplying the AF&PA NOS tabular base design value by the repetitive use factor, and by the size factor for all species except

southern pine, E not less than 1.6 x 106 psi, tributary dimensions for floors and roofs not exceeding 6 feet, maximum span for floors and roof not exceeding 12 feet, eaves not over 2 feet in

dimension and exterior sheathing.Where the conditions are not within these parameters, design is required.

c. Utility, standard, stud and No.3 grade lumber of any species are not permitted.

(continued)

SECTION R602 WOOD WALL FRAMING R602.1 Identification. Load-bearing dimension lumber for

studs, plates and headers shall be identified by a grade mark of

a lumber grading or inspection agency that has been approved

by an accreditation body that complies with DOC PS 20. In lieu

of a grade mark, a certification of inspection issued by a lumber

grading or inspection agency meeting the requirements of this

section shall be accepted.

R602.1.1 End-jointed lumber. Approved end-jointed lumber

identified by a grade mark conforming to Section

R602.1 may be used interchangeably with solid-sawn members

of the same species and grade.

R602.1.2 Structural glued laminated timbers. Glued

laminated timbers shall be manufactured and identified as

required in ANSI/AITC A190.1 and ASTM D 3737.

R602.1.3 Structural log members. Stress grading of structural

log members of nonrectangular shape, as typically

used in log buildings, shall be in accordance with ASTM D

3957. Such structural log members shall be identified by the

grade mark of an approved lumber grading or inspection

agency. In lieu of a grade mark on the material, a certificate

of inspection as to species and grade, issued by a lumber-

grading or inspection agency meeting the requirements

of this section, shall be permitted to be accepted.

R602.2 Grade. Studs shall be a minimum No.3, standard or

stud grade lumber.

Exception: Bearing studs not supporting floors and

nonbearing studs may be utility grade lumber, provided the

studs are spaced in accordance with Table R602.3(5).

R602.3 Design and construction. Exterior walls of

wood-frame construction shall be designed and constructed in

accordance with the provisions of this chapter and Figures

R602.3(1) and R602.3.(2) or in accordance with AF&PA's

NDS. Components of exterior walls shall be fastened in

accordance with Tables R602.3(1) through R602.3(4). Structural

wall sheathing shall be fastened directly to structural framing

members. Exterior wall coverings shall be capable of resisting

the wind pressures listed in Table R301.2 (2) adjusted for height

and exposure using Table R301.2(3). Wood structural panel

sheathing used for exterior walls shall conform to the

requirements of Table R602.3(3).

Studs shall be continuous from support at the sole plate to a

support at the top plate to resist loads perpendicular to the wall.

The support shall be a foundation or floor, ceiling or roof

diaphragm or shall be designed in accordance with accepted

engineering practice.

Exception: Jack studs, trimmer studs and cripple studs at

openings in walls that comply with Tables R502.5(1) and

R502.5(2).

R602.3.1 Stud size, height and spacing. The size, height and

spacing of studs shall be in accordance with Table R602.3. (5).

146

Exceptions:

1. Utility grade studs shall not be spaced more than

16 inches (406 mm) on center, shall not support

more than a roof and ceiling, and shall not exceed 8

feet (2438 mm) in height for exterior walls and

load-bearing walls or 10 feet (3048 mm) for interior

nonload-bearing walls.

2. Studs more than 10 feet (3048 mm) in height

which are in accordance with Table R602.3.1.

R602.3.2 Top plate. Wood stud walls shall be capped with a

double top plate installed to provide overlapping at corners

and intersections with bearing partitions. End joints in top

plates shall be offset at least 24 inches (610 mm). Joints in

plates need not occur over studs. Plates shall be not less than

2-inches (51 mm) nominal thickness and have a width at

least equal to the width of the studs.

Exception: A single top plate may be installed in stud

walls, provided the plate is adequately tied at joints, corners

and intersecting walls by a minimum 3-inch-by6-

inch by a 0.036-inch-thick (76 mm by 152 mm by

0.914 mm) galvanized steel plate that is nailed to each

wall or segment of wall by six 8d nails on each side, provided

the rafters or joists are centered over the studs with

a tolerance of no more than 1 inch (25 mm). The top plate

may be omitted over lintels that are adequately tied to

adjacent wall sections with steel plates or equivalent as

previously described.

R602.3.3 Bearing studs. Where joists, trusses or rafters are

spaced more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center and the

bearing studs below are spaced 24 inches (610 mm) on center,

such members shall bear within 5 inches (127 mm) of

the studs beneath.

Exceptions:

1. The top plates are two 2-inch by 6-inch (38 mm by

140 mm) or two 3-inch by 4-inch (64 mmby 89 mm)

members.

2. A third top plate is installed.

3. Solid blocking equal in size to the studs is installed

to reinforce the double top plate.

R602.3.4 Bottom (sole) plate. Studs shall have full bearing

on a nominal 2-by (51 mm) or larger plate or sill having a

width at least equal to the width of the studs.

R602.4 Interior load-bearing walls. Interior load-bearing

walls shall be constructed, framed and fireblocked as specified

for exterior walls. Table R602.3(5) shall be used to establish

stud spacing of walls up to 10 feet (3048 mm) high, and Table

R602.3.1shall apply to walls over 10 feet (3048 mm) high.

R602.5 Interior nonbearing walls. Interior nonbearing walls

shall be permitted to be constructed with 2-inch-by-3-inch (51

mm by 76 mm) studs spaced 24 inches (610 mm) on center or,

when not part of a braced wall line, 2-inch-by-4-inch (51 mm

by 102 mm) flat studs spaced at 16 inches (406 mm) on center.

Interior nonbearing walls shall be capped with at least a single

top plate. Interior nonbearing walls shall be fireblocked in

accordance with Section R602.8.

R602.10.5 Continuously-sheathed braced wall line

using Method CS-SFB (structural fiberboard sheathing).

Continuously sheathed braced wall lines using structural

fiberboard sheathing shall comply with this section.

Different bracing methods shall not be permitted within a

continuously sheathed braced wall line. Other bracing

methods prescribed by this code shall be permitted on other

braced wall lines on the same story level or on different

story levels of the building.

R602.10.5.1 Continuously sheathed braced wall line

requirements. Continuously-sheathed braced wall lines

shall be in accordance with Figure R602.10.4.2 and shall

comply with all of the following requirements:

1. Structural fiberboard sheathing shall be applied to

all exterior sheathable surfaces of a braced wall

line including areas above and below openings.

2. Only full-height or blocked braced wall panels

shall be used for calculating the braced wall length

in accordance with Tables R602.10.1.2(1) and

R602.10.1.2 (2). R602.10.5.2 Braced wall panel length. In a

continuously- sheathed structural fiberboard braced wall line,

the minimum braced wall panel length shall be in accordance

with Table R602.10.5.2.

R602.10.5.3 Braced wall panel location and corner construction. A braced wall panel shall be located at

each end of a continuously-sheathed braced wall line. A

minimum 32-inch (813 mm) structural fiberboard

sheathing panel corner return shall be provided at both

ends of a continuously-sheathed braced wall line in

accordance with Figure R602.10.4.4(1) In lieu of the

corner return, a hold-down device with a minimum uplift

design value of 800 pounds (3560 N) shall be fastened to

the corner stud and to the foundation or framing below in

accordance with Figure R602.10.4.4(3) .

Exception: The first braced wall panel shall be permitted

to begin 12 feet 6 inches (3810 mm) from each

end of the braced wall line in Seismic Design Categories

A, Band C provided one of the following is satisfied:

1. A minimum 32-inch-Iong (813 mm), full-height

structural fiberboard sheathing panel is provided

at both sides of a corner constructed in

accordance with Figure R602.10.4.4(1) at the

braced wall line ends in accordance with Figure

R602.10.4.4(4), or

2. The braced wall panel closest to the corner shall

have a hold-down device with a minimum uplift

design value of 800 pounds (3560 N) fastened to

the stud at the edge of the braced wall panel closest

to the corner and to the foundation or framing

below in accordance with FigureR602.10.4.4(5) .

R602.10.5.4 Continuously sheathed braced wall lines.

Where a continuously-sheathed braced wall line is used

in Seismic Design Categories Do, D1 and Dz or regions

where the basic wind speed exceeds 100 miles per hour

(45 m/s) , the braced wall line shall be designed in accordance

with accepted engineering practice and the provisions

of the International Building Code. Also, all other

exterior braced wall lines in the same story shall be

continuously sheathed.

R602.10.6 Braced wall panel connections. Braced wall

panels shall be connected to floor framing or foundations as

follows:

1. Where joists are perpendicular to a braced wall panel

above or below, a rim joist, band joist or blocking

shall be provided along the entire length of the braced

wall panel in accordance with Figure R602.10.6(1).

Fastening of top and bottom wall plates to framing,

rim joist, band joist and/or blocking shall be in accordance

with Table R602.3(1).

2. Where joists are parallel to a braced wall panel above

or below, a rim joist, end joist or other parallel framing

member shall be provided directly above and

below the braced wall panel in accordance with Figure

R602.10.6(2) . Where a parallel framing member

cannot be located directly above and below the panel,

full-depth blocking at 16 inch (406 mm) spacing shall

be provided between the parallel framing members to

each side of the braced wall panel in accordance with

Figure R602.10.6(2). Fastening of blocking and wall

plates shall be in accordance with Table R602.3(1)

and Figure R602.10.6(2).

3. Connections of braced wall panels to concrete or

masonry shall be in accordance with Section

R403.1 .6.

4. Wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building interiors

on monolithic slabs may be anchored using connector(s) with a

shear capacity of 2300 pounds and a tensile capacity of 800

pounds over a maximum span of 6 feet.

R703.7.5 Flashing. Flashing shall be located beneath the

first course of masonry above finished ground level above

the foundation wall or slab and at other points of support,

including structural floors, shelf angles and lintels when

masonry veneers are designed in accordance with Section

R703.7. See Section R703.8 for additional requirements.

R703.7.6 Weepholes. Weepholes shall be provided in the

outside wythe of masonry walls at a maximum spacing of33

inches (838 mm) on center. Weepholes shall not be less than

3/16 inch (5 mm) in diameter. Weepholes shall be located

immediately above the flashing.

R703.8 Flashing. Approved corrosion-resistant flashing shall

be applied shingle-fashion in a manner to prevent entry of

water into the wall cavity or penetration of water to the building

structural framing components. 6-mil polyethylene sheeting is

an approved corrosion- resistant flashing when not exposed to

UV rays. Self-adhered membranes used as flashing shall comply

with AAMA 711. The flashing shall extend to the surface of the

exterior wall finish. Approved corrosion-resistant flashings shall

be installed at all of the following locations listed in IRC 2009,

Section 703.8 Flashing.

1. Exterior window and door openings. Flashing at exterior

window and door openings shall extend to the surface of

the exterior wall finish or to the water-resistive barrier

for subsequent drainage.

Chapter 8

ROOF – CEILING CONSTRUCTION

SECTION R801 GENERAL

R801.1 Application. The provisions of this chapter shall control

the design and construction of the roof-ceiling system for

all buildings.

R801.2 Requirements. Roof and ceiling construction shall be

capable of accommodating all loads imposed according to

Section R301 and of transmitting the resulting loads to the

supporting structural elements.

R801.3 Roof drainage. In areas where expansive or collapsible

soils are known to exist, all dwellings shall have a controlled

method of water disposal from roofs that will collect and

discharge roof drainage to the ground surface at least 5 feet

(1524 mm) from foundation walls or to an approved drainage

system.

SECTION R802 WOOD ROOF FRAMING

R802.1 Identification. Load-bearing dimension lumber for

rafters, trusses and ceiling joists shall be identified by a grade

mark of a lumber grading or inspection agency that has been

approved by an accreditation body that complies with DOC PS

20. In lieu of a grade mark, a certificate of inspection issued by

a lumber grading or inspection agency meeting the requirements

of this section shall be accepted.

R802.1.1 Blocking. Blocking shall be a minimum of utility

grade lumber.

R802.1.2 End-jointed lumber. Approved end-jointed lumber

identified by a grade mark conforming to Section R802.1 may

be used interchangeably with solid-sawn members of the same

species and grade.

R802.1.3 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant treated

wood (FRTW) is any wood product which, when

impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or other

means during manufacture, shall have, when tested in

accordance with ASTM E 84, a listed flame spread index of

25 or less and shows no evidence of significant progressive

combustion when the test is continued for an additional

20-minute period. In addition, the flame front shall not

progress more than 10.5 feet (3200 mm) beyond the center

line of the burners at any time during the test.

R802.1.3.1 Pressure process. For wood products impregnated

with chemicals by a pressure process, the process shall

be performed in closed vessels under pressures not less than

50 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (344.7 kPa).

R802.1.3.2 Other means during manufacture. For

wood products produced by other means during manufacture

the treatment shall be an integral part of the manufacturing

process of the wood product. The treatment

shall provide permanent protection to all surfaces of the

wood product.

R802.1.3.3 Testing. For wood products produced by

other means during manufacture, other than a pressure

process, all sides of the wood product shall be tested in

accordance with and produce the results required in Section

R802.1.3. Testing of only the front and back faces of

wood structural panels shall be permitted.

R802.1.3.4 Labeling. Fire-retardant-treated lumber and

wood structural panels shall be labeled. The label shall

contain:

1. The identification mark of an approved agency in

accordance with Section 1703.5 of the International

Building Code.

2. Identification of the treating manufacturer.

3. The name of the fire-retardant treatment.

4. The species of wood treated.

5. Flame spread index and smoke-developed index.

6. Method of drying after treatment.

7. Conformance to applicable standards in accordance

with Sections R802.1.3.5 through R802.1.3.8.

8. For FRTW exposed to weather, or a damp or wet

location, the words "No increase in the listed classification

when subjected to the Standard Rain Test" (ASTM D 2898).

R802.1.3.5 Strength adjustments. Design values for

untreated lumber and wood structural panels as specified

in Section R802.1 shall be adjusted for fire-retardant treated

wood. Adjustments to design values shall be based upon an

approved method of investigation which takes into

consideration the effects of the anticipated temperature and

humidity to which the fire-retardant- treated wood will be

subjected, the type of treatment and redrying procedures.

R802.1.3.5.1 Wood structural panels. The effect of

treatment and the method of redrying after treatment,

and exposure to high temperatures and high

humidities on the flexure properties of fire-retardant-

treated softwood plywood shall be determined

in accordance with ASTM D 5516. The test data

developed by ASTM D 5516 shall be used to develop

adjustment factors, maximum loads and spans, or

both for untreated plywood design values in accordance

with ASTM D 6305. Each manufacturer shall

publish the allowable maximum loads and spans for

service as floor and roof sheathing for their treatment.

R802.1.3.5.2 Lumber. For each species of wood treated,

the effect of the treatment and the method of redrying

after treatment and exposure to high temperatures and

high humidities on the allowable design properties of

fire-retardant-treated lumber shall be determined in

accordance with ASTM D 5664. The test data developed

by ASTM D 5664 shall be used to develop modification

factors for use at or near room temperature and at elevated

temperatures and humidity in accordance with ASTM D

6841. Each manufacturer shall publish the modification

factors for service at temperatures of not less than 80°F

(27°C) and for roof framing. The roof framing modification

factors shall take into consideration the climatological

location.

R802.1.3.6 Exposure to weather. Where fire-retardant-

treated wood is exposed to weather or damp or wet locations, it

shall be identified as "Exterior" to indicate there is no increase in

the listed flame spread index as defined in Section R802.1.3 when

subjected to ASTM D 2898.

R802.1.3.7 Interior applications. Interior fire-retardant-

treated wood shall have a moisture content of not

over 28 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D

3201 procedures at 92 percent relative humidity. Interior

fire-retardant-treated wood shall be tested in accordance

with Section R802.1.3.5.1 or R802.1.3.5.2. Interior

fire-retardant-treated wood designated as Type A shall be

tested in accordance with the provisions of this section.

R802.1.3.8 Moisture content. Fire-retardant-treated

wood shall be dried to a moisture content of 19 percent or

less for lumber and 15 percent or less for wood structural

panels before use. For wood kiln dried after treatment

(KDAT) the kiln temperatures shall not exceed those

used in kiln drying the lumber and plywood submitted

for the tests described in Section R802.1.3.5.1 for plywood

and R802.1.3.5.2 for lumber.

R802.1.4 Structural glued laminated timbers. Glued

laminated timbers shall be manufactured and identified as

required in ANSI/AITC A190.1 and ASTM D 3737.

R802.1.5 Structural log members. Stress grading of structural

log members of nonrectangular shape, as typically used in log

buildings, shall be in accordance with ASTM D 3957. Such

structural log members shall be identified by the grade mark of an

approved lumber grading or inspection agency. In lieu of a grade

mark on the material, a certificate of inspection as to species and

grade issued by a lumber-grading or inspection agency meeting the

requirements of this section shall be permitted to be accepted.

R802.2 Design and construction. The framing details

required in Section R802 apply to roofs having a minimum

slope of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent

slope) or greater. Roof-ceilings shall be designed and constructed in

accordance with the provisions of this chapter and Figures R606.11

(1), R606.11 (2) and R606.11 (3) or in accordance with

AFPA/NDS. Components of roof-ceilings shall be fastened in

accordance with Table R602.3(1).

R802.3 Framing details. Rafters shall be framed to ridge board

or to each other with a gusset plate as a tie. Ridge board shall be

at least I-inch (25 mm) nominal thickness and not less in depth

than the cut end of the rafter. At all valleys and hips there shall be a

valley or hip rafter not less than 2-inch (51 mm) nominal thickness

and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter. Hip and valley

rafters shall be supported at the ridge by a brace to a bearing

partition or be designed to carry and distribute the specific load at

that point. Definition of brace includes: 1. a triangular configuration

of framing members with a horizontal tie and rafter members, 2.

king post or similar. Where the roof pitch is less than three units

vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope), structural

members that support rafters and ceiling joists, such as ridge beams,

hips and valleys, shall be designed as beams.

Exception: The use of a "Blind Valley", also known as a "Farmers

Valley" or "California Valley" will be allowed. In this type of

valley the main roof is framed as usual, it may or may not be

sheathed, and the intersecting roof is framed on top of the main

roof. The two valley plates or sleeps lie on top of the main roof

rafters or sheathing and provide a nailing base for the jack rafters

and ridge board of the intersecting roof.

R802.3.1 Ceiling joist and rafter connections. Ceiling joists

and rafters shall be nailed to each other in accordance with

Table R802.5.1 (9), and the rafter shall be nailed to the top wall

plate in accordance with Table R602.3(1). Ceiling joists shall

be continuous or securely joined in accordance with Table

R802.5.1 (9) where they meet over interior partitions and are

nailed to adjacent rafters to provide a continuous tie across the

building when such joists are parallel to the rafters. Where ceiling

joists are not connected to the rafters at the top wall plate,joists

connected higher in the attic shall be installed as rafter ties, or

rafter ties shall be installed to provide a continuous tie. Where

ceiling joists are not parallel to rafters, rafter ties shall be installed.

Rafter ties shall be a minimum of2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102

mm) (nominal), installed in accordance with the connection

requirements in Table R802.5.1 (9), or connections of equivalent

capacities shall be provided. Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are

not provided, the ridge formed by these rafters shall be supported

by a wall or girder designed in accordance with accepted

engineering practice. Collar ties or ridge straps to resist wind uplift

shall be connected in the upper third of the attic space in

accordance with Table R602.3(1). Collar ties shall be a minimum of

I-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) (nominal), spaced not more

than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center.

R802.3.2 Ceiling joists lapped. Ends of ceiling joists shall

be lapped a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) or butted over

bearing partitions or beams and toenailed to the bearing member.

When ceiling joists are used to provide resistance

to rafter thrust, lapped joists shall be nailed together in

accordance with Table R602.3(1) and butted joists shall be

tied together in a manner to resist such thrust.

R802.4 Allowable ceiling joist spans. Spans for ceiling joists

shall be in accordance with Tables R802.4(1) and R802.4(2).

For other grades and species and for other loading conditions,

refer to the AF&PA Span Tables for Joists and Rafters.

R802.5 Allowable rafter spans. Spans for rafters shall be in

accordance with Tables R802.5.1 (1) through R802.5.1 (8). For

other grades and species and for other loading conditions, refer

to the AF&PA Span Tables for Joists and Rafters. The span of

each rafter shall be measured along the horizontal projection

of the rafter.

R802.5.1 Purlins. Installation of purlins to reduce the span

of rafters is permitted as shown in Figure R802.5.1. Purlins

shall be sized no less than the required size of the rafters that

they support. Purlins shall be continuous and shall be supported

by 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) braces installed to bearing

walls at a slope not less than 45 degrees from the horizontal. The

braces shall be spaced not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center

and the unbraced length of braces shall not exceed 8 feet

(2438mm).

Exception: Braces may be spaced not more than 6 feet (1829 mm)

on center if: 1. the purlin brace is 2-inch by 6-inch (51 mm by 153

mm) 2. Purlins shall be sized one nominal size larger than the rafter

they support, and 3. unbraced length of braces shall not exceed 8

feet (2438 mm).

R802.6 Bearing. The ends of each rafter or ceiling joist shall

have not less than 11/ 2 inches (38 mm) of bearing on wood or

Part IV-Energy Conservation CHAPTER 11

ENERGY EFFICIENCY SECTION N1101 GENERAL N1101.1 Scope. This chapter regulates the energy efficiency for

the design and construction of buildings regulated by this code.

Exception: Portions of the building envelope that do not

enclose conditioned space.

N1101.2 Compliance. Compliance shall be demonstrated by

either meeting the requirements of the International Energy

Conservation Code or meeting the requirements of this chapter.

Climate zones from Figure NII01.2 or Table NII01.2 shall be

used in determining the applicable requirements from this

chapter. N1101.2.1 Warm humid counties. Warm humid

counties are identified in Table N1101.2 by an asterisk.

N1101.3 Identification. Materials, systems and equipment

shall be identified in a manner that will allow a determination

of compliance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

N1101.4 Building thermal envelope insulation. An R-value

identification mark shall be applied by the manufacturer to

each piece of building thermal envelope insulation 12 inches

(305 mm) or more wide. Alternately, the insulation installers

shall provide a certification listing the type, manufacturer and

R-value of insulation installed in each element of the building

thermal envelope. For blown or sprayed insulation (fiberglass

and cellulose), the initial installed thickness, settled thickness,

settled R-value, installed density, coverage area and number of

bags installed shall be listed on the certification. For sprayed

polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation, the installed thickness of

the area covered and R-value of installed thickness shall be

listed on the certificate. The insulation installer shall sign, date

and post the certificate in a conspicuous location on the job site.

N1101.4.1 Blown or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation. The

thickness of blown in or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation

(fiberglass or cellulose) shall be written in inches (mm) on

markers that are installed at least one for every 300 ft2 (28 m2) throughout the attic space. The markers shall be affIxed to the

trusses or joists and marked with the minimum initial installed

thickness with numbers a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) high.

Each marker shall face the attic access opening. Spray

polyurethane foam thickness and installed R-value shall be

listed on the certificate provided by the insulation installer.

N1101.4.2 Insulation mark installation. Insulating materials

shall be installed such that the manufacturer's R-value

mark is readily observable upon inspection. N1101.5

Fenestration product rating. V-factors of fenestration products

(windows, doors and skylights) shall be determined in

accordance with NFRC 100 by an accredited, independent

laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer.

Products lacking such a labeled U factor shall be assigned a

default V-factor from Tables NII01.5(1) and N1101.5(2). The

solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of glazed fenestration

products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be

determined in accordance with NFRC 200 by an

accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified

by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled SHGC

shall be assigned a default SHGC from Table NII01.5(3).

N1101.6 Insulation product rating. The thermal resistance (R-value) of insulation shall be determined in accordance with

the CFR Title 16, Part 460, in units of h · ft2* F/Btu at a mean

temperature of 75°F (24°C).

N1101.7 Installation. All materials, systems and equipment

shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's

installation instructions and the provisions of this code.

N1101.7.1 Protection of exposed foundation insulation.

Insulation applied to the exterior of basement walls, crawl

space walls, and the perimeter of slab-on-grade floors shall

have a rigid, opaque and weather-resistant protective covering

to prevent the degradation of the insulation's thermal

performance. The protective covering shall cover the exposed

exterior insulation and extend a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm)

below grade.

N1101.8 Above code programs. The building official or other

authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to deem a

national, state or local energy efficiency program to exceed the

energy efficiency required by this chapter. Buildings approved

in writing by such an energy efficiency program shall be

considered in compliance with this chapter.

N1101.9 Certificate. A permanent certificate shall be posted on

or in the electrical distribution panel. The certificate shall not

cover or obstruct the visibility of the circuit directory label,

service disconnect label or other required labels. The certificate

shall be completed by the builder or registered design

professional. The certificate shall list the predominant R-values

of insulation installed in or on ceiling/roof, walls, foundation

(slab, basement wall, crawlspace wall and/or floor) and ducts

outside conditioned spaces;U factors for fenestration; and the

solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of fenestration. Where there

is more than one value for each component, the certificate shall

list the value covering the largest area. The certificate shall list

the types and efficiencies of heating, cooling and service water

heating equipment. Where a gas-fired unvented room heater,

electric furnace and/or baseboard electric heater is installed in

the residence, the certificate shall list "gas-fired unvented room

heater," "electric furnace" or "baseboard electric heater," as

appropriate. An efficiency shall not be listed for gas-fired

unvented room heaters, electric furnaces or electric base board

heaters.

NII02.4 Air leakage.

NII02.4.1 Building thermal envelope. The building thermal

envelope shall be durably sealed to limit infiltration.

The sealing methods between dissimilar materials shall

allow for differential expansion and contraction. The following

shall be caulked, gasketed, weather-stripped or otherwise

sealed with an air barrier material, suitable film or solid

material.

1. All joints, seams and penetrations.

2. Site-built windows, doors and skylights.

3. Openings between window and door assemblies and

their respective jambs and framing.

4. Utility penetrations.

5. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal

envelope.

6. Knee walls.

7. Walls and ceilings separating the garage from conditioned

spaces.

8. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls.

9. Common walls between dwelling units.

10. Attic access openings.

11. Rim joists junction.

12. Other sources of infiltration.

NII02.4.2 Air sealing and insulation. Building envelope

air tightness and insulation installation shall be demonstrated

to comply with one of the following options given by

Section NII02.4.2.1 or NII02.4.2.2.

NII02.4.2.1 Testing option. Tested air leakage is less

than 7 ACH when tested with a blower door at a pressure

of 50 pascals (0.007 psi). Testing shall occur after rough

in and after installation of penetrations of the building

envelope, including penetrations for utilities, plumbing,

electrical, ventilation and combustion appliances.

During testing:

1. Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and

stove doors shall be closed, but not sealed;

2. Dampers shall be closed, but not sealed; including

exhaust, intake, makeup air, back draft, and flue dampers;

3. Interior doors shall be open;

4. Exterior openings for continuous ventilation

systems and heat recovery ventilators shall be

closed and sealed;

5. Heating and cooling system(s) shall be turned off;

6. HVAC ducts shall not be sealed; and

7. Supply and return registers shall not be sealed.

NII02.4.2.2 Visual inspection option. The items listed

in Table NII02.4.2, applicable to the method of construction,

are field verified. Where required by the code official, an

approved party independent from the installer of the insulation ,

shall inspect the air barrier and insulation.

NII02.4.3 Fireplaces. New wood-burning fireplaces shall

have gasketed doors and outdoor combustion air.

NII02.4.4 Fenestration air leakage. Windows, skylights

and sliding glass doors shall have an air infiltration rate of

no more than 0.3 cubic foot per minute per square foot

[1.5(L/s)/m2], and swinging doors no more than 0.5 cubic

foot per minute per square foot [2.5 (Lis)1m2] , when tested

according to NFRC 400 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 10IlLS. 21 A440 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and listed

and labeled by the manufacturer.

Exception: Site-built windows, skylights and doors.

NII02.4.5 Recessed lighting. Recessed luminaires installed

in the building thermal envelope shall be sealed to limit air

leakage between conditioned and unconditioned spaces. All

recessed luminaires shall be IC-rated and labeled as meeting

ASTM E 283 when tested at 1.57 psi (75 Pa) pressure

differential with no more than 2.0 cfm (0.944 Lis) of air

movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. All

recessed luminaires shall be sealed with a gasket or caulk

between then housing and the interior wall or ceiling covering. SECTION N1103 SYSTEMS NII03.1 Controls. At least one thermostat shall be installed

for each separate heating and cooling system.

NII03.1.1 Programmable thermostat. Where the primary

heating system is a forced air furnace, at least one thermostat

per dwelling unit shall be capable of controlling the

heating and cooling system on a daily schedule to maintain

different temperature set points at different times of the day.

This thermostat shall include the capability to set back or

temporarily operate the system to maintain zone temperatures

down to 55°F (13°C) or up to 85°F (29°C). The thermostat

shall initially be programmed with a heating temperature set

point no higher than 70°F (21°C) and a cooling temperature set

point no lower than 78°F (26°C).

NII03.1.2 Heat pump supplementary heat. Heat pumps

having supplementary electric-resistance heat shall have

controls that, except during defrost, prevent supplemental

heat operation when the heat pump compressor can meet the

heating load.

NII03.2 Ducts.

NII03.2.1 Insulation. Supply ducts in attics shall be insulated

to a minimum ofR-8. All other ducts shall be insulated

to a minimum of R-6.

Exception: Ducts or portions thereof located completely

inside the building thermal envelope.

NII03.2.2 Sealing. Ducts, air handlers, filter boxes and

building cavities used as ducts shall be sealed. Joints and

seams shall comply with Section M1601.4. Duct tightness

shall be verified by either for the following:

Exception: Visual inspection may be used instead of the rough-

in and post construction test.

1. Post-construction test: Leakage to outdoors shall be

less than or equal to 8 cfm (3.78 Lis) per 100 ft2 (9.29

NII03.6 Equipment sizing. Heating and cooling equipment

shall be sized as specified in Section M1401.3.

NII03.7 Snow melt system controls. Snow- and ice-melting

systems supplied through energy service to the building shall

include automatic controls capable of shutting off the system

when the pavement temperature is above 50°F (10°C) and no

precipitation is falling and an automatic or manual control that

will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F

(5°C) .

NII03.8 Pools. Pools shall be provided with energy conserving

measures in accordance with Sections N1103.8.1 through

N1103.8.3.

NII03.8.1 Pool heaters. All pool heaters shall be equipped

with a readily accessible on-off switch to allow shutting off

the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting. Pool

heaters fired by natural gas or LPG shall not have continu0usly

burning pilot lights.

NII03.8.2 Time switches. Time switches that can automatically

turn off and on heaters and pumps according to a preset

schedule shall be installed on swimming pool heaters

and pumps.

Exceptions: 1. Where public health standards require 24-hour

pump operation.

2. Where pumps are required to operate solar- and

waste-heat-recovery pool heating systems.

NII03.8.3 Pool covers. Heated pools shall be equipped with a

vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface. Pools

heated to more than 90°F (32°C) shall have a pool cover with a

minimum insulation value of R-12.

SECTION N1104 LIGHTING SYSTEMS NII04.1 Lighting equipment. A minimum of 50 percent of

the lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be

high-efficacy lamps.

Exception: Can or recessed lights are exempt from this section

of the code

CHAPTER 13

GENERAL MECHANICAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SECTION M1301 GENERAL M1301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern

the installation of mechanical systems not specifically covered

in other chapters applicable to mechanical systems. Installations

of mechanical appliances, equipment and systems not

addressed by this code shall comply with the applicable

provisions of the International Mechanical Code and the

International Fuel Gas Code.

M1301.1.1 Flood-resistant installation. In areas prone to

flooding as established by Table R301.2(1), mechanical

appliances, equipment and systems shall be located or

installed in accordance with Section R322.1.6.

SECTION M1302 APPROVAL M1302.1 Listed and labeled. Appliances regulated by this

code shall be listed and labeled for the application in which

they are installed and used, unless otherwise approved in

accordance with Section RI04.11

.

SECTION M1303 LABELING OF APPLIANCES M1303.1 Label information. A permanent factory-applied

nameplate(s) shall be affixed to appliances on which shall

appear, in legible lettering, the manufacturer's name or

trademark, the model number, a serial number and the seal or

mark of the testing agency. A label shall also include the

following:

1. Electrical appliances. Electrical rating in volts, amperes

and motor phase; identification of individual electrical

components in volts, amperes or watts and motor phase;

and in Btu/h (W) output and required clearances.

2. Absorption units. Hourly rating in Btu/h (W), minimum

hourly rating for units having step or automatic modulating

controls, type of fuel, type of refrigerant, cooling

capacity in Btu/h (W) and required clearances.

3. Fuel-burning units. Hourly rating in Btu/h (W), type of

fuel approved for use with the appliance and required

clearances.

4. Electric comfort heating appliances. Name and trademark

of the manufacturer; the model number or equivalent;

the electric rating in volts, amperes and phase; Btu/h

(W) output rating; individual marking for each electrical

component in amperes or watts, volts and phase;

required clearances from combustibles and a seal indicating

approval of the appliance by an approved agency.

5. Maintenance instructions. Required regular maintenance

actions and title or publication number for the operation

and maintenance manual for that particular model and

type of product.

SECTION M1304 TYPE OF FUEL M1304.1 Fuel types. Fuel-fired appliances shall

be designed for use with the type of fuel to which they will be

connected and the altitude at which they are installed.

Appliances that comprise parts of the building mechanical

system shall not be converted for the use of a different fuel,

except where approved and converted in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions.The fuel input rate shall not be

increased or decreased beyond the limit rating for the altitude at

which the appliance is installed.

SECTION M1305 APPLIANCE ACCESS M1305.1 Appliance access for inspection service, repair and

replacement. Appliances shall be accessible for inspection,

service, repair and replacement without removing permanent

construction, other appliances, or any other piping or ducts not

connected to the appliance being inspected, serviced, repaired

or replaced. A level working space at least 30 inches deep and

30 inches wide (762 mm by 762 mm) and at least the height of

the front of the appliance shall be provided in front of the

control side to service an appliance. Installation of room heaters

shall be permitted with at least an 18-inch (457 mm) working

space. A platform shall not be required for room heaters.

M1305.1.1 Furnaces and air handlers. Furnaces and air

handlers within compartments or alcoves shall have a minimum

working space clearance of 3 inches (76 mm) along

the sides, back and top with a total width of the enclosing

space being at least 12 inches (305 mm) wider than the furnace

or air handler. Furnaces having a firebox open to the

atmosphere shall have at least a 6-inch (152 mm) working

space along the front combustion chamber side. Combustion

air openings at the rear or side of the compartment shall

comply with the requirements of Chapter 17.

Exception: This section shall not apply to replacement

appliances installed in existing compartments and alcoves

where the working space clearances are in accordance with the

equipment or appliance manufacturer's installation instructions.

M1305.1.2 Appliances in rooms. Appliances installed in a

compartment, alcove, basement or similar space shall be

accessed by an opening or door and an unobstructed passageway

measuring not less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide

and large enough to allow removal of the largest appliance

in the space, provided there is a level service space of not

less than 30 inches (762 mm) deep and the height of the

appliance, but not less than 30 inches (762 mm), at the front

or service side of the appliance with the door open.

M1305.1.3 Appliances in attics. Attics containing appliances

shall be provided with an opening and a clear and

unobstructed passageway large enough to allow removal of

the largest appliance, but not less than 30 inches (762 mm)

high and 22 inches (559 mm) wide and not more than 20 feet

(6096 mm) long measured along the centerline of the

passageway from the opening to the appliance. The passageway

shall have continuous solid flooring in accordance with

Chapter 5 not less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide. A level

service space at least 30 inches (762 mm) deep and 30

inches (762 mm) wide shall be present along all sides of the

appliance where access is required. The clear access opening

dimensions shall be a minimum of 20 inches by 30

inches (508 mm by 762 mm), and large enough to allow

removal of the largest appliance.

Exceptions:

1. The passageway and level service space are not

required where the appliance can be serviced and

removed through the required opening.

2. Where the passageway is unobstructed and not

less than 6 feet (1829 mm) high and 22 inches (559

mm) wide for its entire length, or where not more than 20 feet

length of the passageway is a minimum 30 inches high and 22

inches wide, the entire passageway shall be not greater than 50

feet in length. the passageway shall be not more than 50 feet

(15 250 mm) long.

MI305.1.3.1 Electrical requirements. A luminaire

controlled by a switch located at the required passageway

opening and a receptacle outlet shall be installed at

or near the appliance location in accordance with Chapter

39.

MI305.1.4 Appliances under floors. Underfloor spaces

containing appliances shall be provided with an unobstructed

passageway large enough to remove the largest appliance, but

not less than 30 inches (762 mm) high and 22 inches (559 mm)

wide, nor more than 20 feet (6096 mm) long measured along the

centerline of the passageway from the opening to the appliance.

A level service space at least 30 inches (762 mm) deep and 30

inches (762 mm)wide shall be present at the front or service side

of the appliance. If the depth of the passageway or the service

space exceeds 12 inches (305 mm) below the adjoining grade,

the walls of the passageway shall be lined with concrete or

masonry extending 4 inches (102 mm) above the adjoining

grade in accordance with Chapter 4. The rough-framed access

opening dimensions shall be a minimum of 22 inches by 30

inches (559 mm by 762 mm), and large enough to remove the

largest appliance.

Exceptions:

1. The passageway is not required where the level

service space is present when the access is open,

and the appliance can be serviced and removed

through the required opening.

2. Where the passageway is unobstructed and not

less than 6 feet high (1929 mm) and 22 inches (559

mm) wide for its entire length, the passageway

shall not be limited in length.

MI305.1.4.1 Ground clearance. Equipment and appliances

supported from the ground shall be level and firmly supported

on a concrete slab or other approved material extending not less

than 3 inches ( 76 mm) above the adjoining ground. Such

support shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's

installation instructions. Appliances suspended from the floor

shall have a clearance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from

the ground.

MI305.1.4.2 Excavations. Excavations for appliance

installations shall extend to a depth of 6 inches (152 mm)

below the appliance and 12 inches (305 mm) on all sides,

except that the control side shall have a clearance of 30

inches (762 mm).

MI305.1.4.3 Electrical requirements. A luminaire

controlled by a switch located at the required passageway

opening and a receptacle outlet shall be installed at

or near the appliance location in accordance with Chapter

39.

SECTION M1306 CLEARANCES FROM COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION M1306.1 Appliance clearance. Appliances shall be installed

with the clearances from unprotected combustible materials as

indicated on the appliance label and in the manufacturer's

installation instructions.

M1306.2 Clearance reduction. Reduction of clearances shall

be in accordance with the appliance manufacturer's instructions

and Table MI306.2. Forms of protection with ventilated

air space shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Not less than I-inch (25 mm) air space shall be provided

between the protection and combustible wall surface.

2. Air circulation shall be provided by having edges of the

wall protection open at least 1 inch (25 mm).

3. If the wall protection is mounted on a single flat wall

away from corners, air circulation shall be provided by

having the bottom and top edges, or the side and top

edges open at least 1 inch (25 mm).

4. Wall protection covering two walls in a corner shall be

open at the bottom and top edges at least 1 inch (25

mm).

MI306.2.1 Solid-fuel appliances. Table M1306.2 shall not

be used to reduce the clearance required for solid-fuel

appliances listed for installation with minimum clearances of 12

inches (305 mm) or less. For appliances listed for installation

with minimum clearances greater than 12 inches (305

mm), Table M1306.2 shall not be used to reduce the clearance

to less than 12 inches (305 mm).

SECTION M1307 APPLIANCE INSTALLATION M1307.1 General. Installation of appliances shall conform to

the conditions of their listing and label and the manufacturer's

installation instructions. The manufacturer's operating and

installation instructions shall remain attached to the appliance.

CHAPTER 15

EXHAUST SYSTEMS SECTION M1501 GENERAL M1501.1 Outdoor discharge. The air removed by every

mechanical exhaust system shall be discharged to the outdoors.

Air shall not be exhausted into an attic, soffit, ridge vent or

crawl space.

Exception: Whole-house ventilation-type attic fans that

discharge into the attic space of dwelling units having private

attics shall be permitted.

SECTION M1502 CLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST M1502.1 General. Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

M1502.2 Independent exhaust systems. Dryer exhaust

systems shall be independent of all other systems and shall

convey the moisture to the outdoors.

Exception: This section shall not apply to listed and labeled

condensing (ductless) clothes dryers.

M1502.3 Duct termination. Exhaust ducts shall terminate on

the outside of the building. Exhaust duct terminations shall be in

accordance with the dryer manufacturer's installation

instructions. If the manufacturer's instructions do not specify a

termination location, the exhaust duct shall terminate not less

than 3 feet (914 mm) in any direction from openings into

buildings. Exhaust duct terminations shall be equipped with a

backdraft damper. Additionally, exhaust shall not terminate

within 3 feet (914 mm) of condensing units. Screens shall not be

installed at the duct termination.

M1502.4 Dryer exhaust ducts. Dryer exhaust ducts shall

conform to the requirements of Sections M1502.4.1 through

M1502.4.6.

M1502.4.1 Material and size. Exhaust ducts shall have a

smooth interior finish and shall be constructed of metal a

minimum 0.016-inch (0.4 mm) thick. The exhaust duct size

shall be 4 inches (102 mm) nominal in diameter.

Exception: Schedule 40 PVC pipe may be used if the

installation complies with all of the following:

i.The duct shall be installed under a concrete slab poured on

grade and arranged to drain to the building exterior.

ii. The underfloor trench in which the duct is installed shall be

completely backfilled with sand or gravel.

iii. The PVC duct shall extend not greater than 1 inch above the

indoor concrete floor surface.

iv.The PVC duct shall extend not greater that 1 inch above

grade outside of the building.

v. The PVC ducts shall be solvent cemented

M1502.4.2 Duct installation. Exhaust ducts shall be supported

at 4 foot (1219 mm) intervals and secured in place.

The insert end of the duct shall extend into the adjoining

duct or fitting in the direction of airflow. Ducts shall not be

joined with screws or similar fasteners that protrude into the

inside of the duct.

M1502.4.3 Transition duct. Transition ducts used to connect

the dryer to the exhaust duct system shall be a single

length that is listed and labeled in accordance with UL

2158A. Transition ducts shall be a maximum of 8 feet (2438

mm) in length. Transition ducts shall not be concealed

within construction.

M1502.4.4 Duct length. The maximum allowable exhaust

duct length shall be determined by one of the methods specified

in Section M1502.4.4.1 or M1502.4.4.2.

M1502.4.4.1 Specified length. The maximum length of

the exhaust duct shall be 25 feet (7620 mm) from the connection

to the transition duct from the dryer to the outlet

terminal. Where fittings are used, the maximum length

of the exhaust duct shall be reduced in accordance with

Table M1502.4.4.1.

M1502.4.4.2 Manufacturer's instructions. The size

and maximum length of the exhaust duct shall be determined

by the dryer manufacturer's installation instructions.

The code official shall be provided with a copy of

the installation instructions for the make and model of

the dryer at the concealment inspection. In the absence of

fitting equivalent length calculations from the clothes

dryer manufacturer, Table M1502.4.4.1 shall be used.

M1502.4.5 Length identification. Where the exhaust duct

is concealed within the building construction, the equivalent

length of the exhaust duct shall be identified on a permanent

label or tag. The label or tag shall be located within 6 feet

(1829 mm) of the exhaust duct connection.

as specified in Section G2445.6 and has an input rating

not greater than 10,000 Btu/h (2.93 kW). The bedroom

shall meet the required volume criteria of Section G2407.5.

5. The appliance is installed in a room or space that opens

only into a bedroom or bathroom, and such room or

space is used for no other purpose and is provided with a

solid weather-stripped door equipped with an approved

self-closing device. All combustion air shall be taken

directly from the outdoors in accordance with Section G2407.6.

G2406.3 (303.6) Outdoor locations. Appliances installed in

outdoor locations shall be either listed for outdoor installation

or provided with approved protection from outdoor

environmental factors that influence the operability, durability

and safety of the appliance.

SECTION G2407 (304) COMBUSTION, VENTILATION AND DILUTION AIR G2407.1 (304.1) General. Air for combustion, ventilation and

dilution of flue gases for appliances installed in buildings shall

be provided by application of one of the methods prescribed in

Sections G2407.5 through G2407.9. Where the requirements

of Section G2407.5 are not met, outdoor air shall be introduced

in accordance with one of the methods prescribed in Sections

G2407.6 through G2407.9. Direct-vent appliances, gas

appliances of other than natural draft design and vented gas

appliances other than Category I shall be provided with

combustion, ventilation and dilution air in accordance with the

appliance manufacturer's instructions.

Exception: Type 1 clothes dryers that are provided with

makeup air in accordance with Section G2439.4.

G2407.2 (304.2) Appliance location. Appliances shall be

located so as not to interfere with proper circulation of

combustion, ventilation and dilution air.

G2407.3 (304.3) Draft hood/regulator location. Where used,

a draft hood or a barometric draft regulator shall be installed in

the same room or enclosure as the appliance served so as to

prevent any difference in pressure between the hood or

regulator and the combustion air supply.

IG2407.4 (304.4) Makeup air provisions. Where exhaust fans,

clothes dryers and kitchen ventilation systems interfere with

the operation of appliances, makeup air shall be provided.

G2407.5 (304.5) Indoor combustion air. The required volume

of indoor air shall be determined in accordance with Section

G2407.5.1 or G2407.5.2, except that where the air infiltration

rate is known to be less than 0.40 air changes per hour (ACH),

Section G2407.5.2 shall be used. The total required volume

shall be the sum of the required volume calculated for all

appliances located within the space. Rooms communicating

directly with the space in which the appliances are installed

through openings not furnished with doors, and through

combustion air openings sized and located in accordance with

Section G2407.5.3, are considered to be part of the required

volume.

G2407.5.1 (304.5.1) Standard method. The minimum

required volume shall be 50 cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h (4.8

m3/kW).

G2407.5.2 (304.5.2) Known air-infiltration-rate method.

Where the air infiltration rate of a structure is known, the

minimum required volume shall be determined as follows:

For appliances other than fan assisted, calculate volume

using Equation 24-1.

For purposes of this calculation, an infiltration rate

greater than 0.60 ACH shall not be used in Equations 24-1

and 24-2.

G2407.5.3 (304.5.3) Indoor opening size and location.

Openings used to connect indoor spaces shall be sized and

located in accordance with Sections G2407.5.3.1 and

G2407.5.3.2 (see Figure G2407.5.3).

G2407.5.3.1 (304.5.3.1) Combining spaces on the same

story. Each opening shall have a minimum free area of 1

square inch per 1,000 Btu/h (2,200 mm2/kW) of the total

input rating of all appliances in the space, but not less

than 100 square inches (0.06 m2). One opening shall

commence within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top and one

opening shall commence within 12 inches (305 mm) of

the bottom of the enclosure. The minimum dimension of

air openings shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm).

G2407.5.3.2 (304.5.3.2) Combining spaces in different

stories. The volumes of spaces in different stories

shall be considered as communicating spaces where such

spaces are connected by one or more openings in doors

or floors having a total minimum free area of 2 square

inches per 1,000 Btu/h (4402 mm2/kW) of total input rating

of all appliances.

G2407.6 (304.6) Outdoor combustion air. Outdoor

combustion air shall be provided through opening(s) to the

outdoors in accordance with Section G2407.6.1 or G2407.6.2.

The minimum dimension of air openings shall be not less than 3

inches (76 mm).

G2407.6.1 (304.6.1) Two-permanent-openings method.

Two permanent openings, one commencing within 12 inches

(305 mm) of the top and one commencing within 12 inches

products of combustion, are present, means for the disposal of

such fumes or gases shall be provided. Such fumes or gases

include carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, chlorine

and halogenated hydrocarbons. In barbershops, beauty shops

and other facilities where chemicals that generate corrosive or

flammable products, such as aerosol sprays, are routinely used,

nondirect vent-type appliances shall be located in a mechanical

room separated or partitioned off from other areas with

provisions for combustion air and dilution air from the

outdoors. Direct-vent appliances shall be installed in accordance

with the appliance manufacturer's installation instructions.

SECTION G2408 (305) INSTALLATION G2408.1 (305.1) General. Equipment and appliances shall be

installed as required by the terms of their approval, in

accordance with the conditions of listing, the manufacturer's

instructions and this code. Manufacturers' installation

instructions shall be available on the job site at the time of

inspection. Where a code provision is less restrictive than the

conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance or the

manufacturer's installation instructions, the conditions of the

listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions shall

apply. Unlisted appliances approved in accordance with Section

G2404.3 shall be limited to uses recommended by the

manufacturer and shall be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions, the provisions of this code and the

requirements determined by the code official.

G2408.2 (305.3) Elevation of ignition source. Equipment and

appliances having an ignition source shall be elevated such that

the source of ignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above

the floor surface on which the equipment or appliance rest in

hazardous locations and public garages, private garages, repair

garages, motor fuel-dispensing facilities and parking garages.

For the purpose of this section, rooms or spaces that are not part

of the living space of a dwelling unit and that communicate

directly with a private garage through openings shall be

considered to be part of the private garage.

Exception: Elevation of the ignition source is not required

for appliances that are listed as flammable vapor ignition

resistant.

G2408.2.1 (305.3.1) Installation in residential garages.

In residential garages where appliances are installed in a

separate, enclosed space having access only from outside of

the garage, such appliances shall be permitted to be

installed at floor level, provided that the required combustion

air is taken from the exterior of the garage.

G2408.3 (305.5) Private garages. Appliances located in private

garages shall be installed with a minimum clearance of 6

feet (1829 mm) above the floor.

Exception: The requirements of this section shall not apply

where the appliances are protected from motor vehicle

impact and installed in accordance with Section G2408.2.

G2408.4 (305.7) Clearances from grade. Equipment and

appliances installed at grade level shall be supported on a level

concrete slab or other approved material extending not less

than 3 inches (76 mm) above adjoining grade or shall be sus-

pended not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above adjoining grade.

Such supports shall be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer’s installation instructions.

G2408.5 (305.8) Clearances to combustible construction.

Heat-producing equipment and appliances shall be installed to

maintain the required clearances to combustible construction

as specified in the listing and manufacturer's instructions. Such

clearances shall be reduced only in accordance with Section

G2409. Clearances to combustibles shall include such

considerations as door swing, drawer pull, overhead projections

or shelving and window swing. Devices, such as door stops or

limits and closers, shall not be used to provide the required

clearances.

G2408.6 (305.12) Avoid strain on gas piping. Appliances shall

be supported and connected to the piping so as not to exert

undue strain on the connections.

SECTION G2409 (308) CLEARANCE REDUCTION G2409.1 (308.1) Scope. This section shall govern the reduction

in required clearances to combustible materials and combustible

assemblies for chimneys, vents, appliances, devices and

equipment.

G2409.2 (308.2) Reduction table. The allowable clearance

reduction shall be based on one of the methods specified in

Table G2409.2 or shall utilize an assembly listed for such

application. Where required clearances are not listed in Table

G2409.2, the reduced clearances shall be determined by linear

interpolation between the distances listed in the table. Reduced

clearances shall not be derived by extrapolation below the

range of the table. The reduction of the required clearances to

combustibles for listed and labeled appliances and equipment

shall be in accordance with the requirements of this section

except that such clearances shall not be reduced where

reduction is specifically prohibited by the terms of the appliance

or equipment listing [see Figures G2409.2(1), G2409.2(2) and

G2409.2(3)].

G2409.3 (308.3) Clearances for indoor air-conditioning

appliances. Clearance requirements for indoor air-conditioning

appliances shall comply with Sections G2409.3.1 through

G2409.3.5.

G2409.3.1 (308.3.1) Appliances installed in rooms that are

large in comparison with the size of the appliances. Air-

conditioning appliances installed in rooms that are large in

comparison with the size of the appliance shall be installed with

clearances in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

G2409.3.2 (308.3.2) Appliances installed in rooms that are

not large in comparison with the size of the appliances.

Air-conditioning appliances installed in rooms that are not

large in comparison with the size of the appliance, such as

alcoves and closets, shall be listed for such installations and

installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Listed clearances shall not be reduced by the protection

methods described in Table G2409.2, regardless of whether the

enclosure is of combustible or noncombustible material.

SECTION G2414 (403) PIPING MATERIALS G2414.1 (403.1) General. Materials used for piping systems

shall comply with the requirements of this chapter or shall be

approved.

G2414.2 (403.2) Used materials. Pipe, fittings, valves or other

materials shall not be used again unless they are free of foreign

materials and have been ascertained to be adequate for the

service intended.

G2414.3 (403.3) Other materials. Material not covered by the

standards specifications listed herein shall be investigated and

tested to determine that it is safe and suitable for the proposed

service, and, in addition, shall be recommended for that service

by the manufacturer and shall be approved by the code official.

G2414.4 (403.4) Metallic pipe. Metallic pipe shall comply

with Sections G2414.4.1 and G2414.4.2.

G2414.4.1 (403.4.1) Cast iron. Cast-iron pipe shall not be

used.

G2414.4.2 (403.4.2) Steel. Steel and wrought-iron pipe

shall be at least of standard weight (Schedule 40) and shall

comply with one of the following:

1. ASME B 36.10, 10M;

2. ASTM A 53/A 53M; or

3. ASTM A 106.

G2414.5 (403.5) Metallic tubing. Seamless copper, aluminum

alloy or steel tubing shall be permitted to be used with

gases not corrosive to such material.

G2414.5.1 (403.5.1) Steel tubing. Steel tubing shall com- I ply with ASTM A 254.

G2414.5.2 (403.5.2) Copper tubing shall be prohibited for

natural gas installations, but shall be allowed for liquefied

petroleum gas installations. Copper tubing shall comply with

standard Type K or L ofASTM B 88 or ASTM B 280. Copper

and brass tubing shall not be used if the gas contains more than

an average of 0.3 grains of hydrogen sulfide per 100 standard

cubic feet of gas (0.7 milligrams per 100 liters) .

G2414.5.3 (403.5.4) Corrugated stainless steel tubing.

Corrugated stainless steel tubing shall be listed in accordance

with ANSI LC l/CSA 6.26.

G2414.6 (403.6) Plastic pipe, tubing and fittings. Plastic I pipe, tubing and fittings used to supply fuel gas shall conform

to ASTM D 2513. Pipe shall be marked "Gas" and "ASTM D

2513."

G2414.6.1 (403.6.1) Anodeless risers. Anodeless risers

shall comply with the following:

1. Factory-assembled anodeless risers shall be recommended

by the manufacturer for the gas used and shall be leak-tested by

the manufacturer in accordance with written procedures.

2. Service head adapters and field-assembled anodeless

risers incorporating service head adapters shall be

recommended by the manufacturer for the gas used

by the manufacturer and shall be designed certified to

meet the requirements of Category I of ASTM D

2513, and U.S. Department of Transportation, Code

of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 192.281 (e) . The

manufacturer shall provide the user qualified installation

instructions as prescribed by the U.S. Department

of Transportation, Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 49, Part 192.283(b).

TABLES G2413.4(3) and G2413.4(4) REMOVED FROM THE CODE

The stiffener shall be free of rough or sharp edges and

shall not be a force fit in the plastic. Split tubular stiffeners

shall not be used.

4. Plastic piping joints and fittings for use in liquefied

petroleum gas piping systems shall be in accordance with

NFPA 58.

SECTION G2415 (404) PIPING SYSTEM INSTALLATION G2415.1 (404.1) Prohibited locations. Piping shall not be

installed in or through a ducted supply, return or exhaust, or a

clothes chute, chimney or gas vent, dumbwaiter or elevator

shaft. Piping installed downstream of the point of delivery shall

not extend through any townhouse unit other than the unit

served by such piping.

G2415.2 (404.2) Piping in solid partitions and walls.

Concealed

piping shall not be located in solid partitions and solid

walls, unless installed in a chase or casing.

G2415.3 (404.3) Piping in concealed locations. Portions of a

piping system installed in concealed locations shall not have

unions, tubing fittings , right and left couplings, bushings,

compression couplings, and swing joints made by combinations

of fittings.

Exceptions: 1. Tubing joined by brazing.

2. Fittings listed for use in concealed locations.

G2415.4 (404.4) Underground penetrations prohibited.

Gas piping shall not penetrate building foundation walls at any

point below grade. Gas piping shall enter and exit a building at

a point above grade and the annular space between the pipe and

the wall shall be sealed.

G2415.5 (404.5) Protection against physical damage. In

concealed locations, where piping other than black or

galvanized steel is installed through holes or notches in wood

studs, joists, rafters or similar members less than 11/ 2 inches

(38 mm) from the nearest edge of the member, the pipe shall be

protected by shield plates. Protective steel shield plates having a

minimum thickness ofO.0575-inch (1.463 mm) (No. 16 Gage)

shall cover the area of the pipe where the member is notched or

bored and shall extend a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above

sole plates, below top plates and to each side of a stud, joist or

rafter.

G2415.6 (404.6) Piping in solid floors. Piping in solid floors

shall be laid in channels in the floor and covered in a manner

that will allow access to the piping with a minimum amount of

damage to the building. Where such piping is subject to

exposure to excessive moisture or corrosive substances, the

piping shall be protected in an approved manner. As an

alternative to installation in channels, the piping shall be

installed in a conduit of Schedule 40 steel, wrought iron, PVC or

ABS pipe in accordance with Section G2415.6.1 or G2415.6.2.

G2415.6.1 (404.6.1) Conduit with one end terminating

outdoors. The conduit shall extend into an occupiable portion

of the building and, at the point where the conduit terminates

in the building, the space between the conduit and the gas

piping shall be sealed to prevent the possible entrance of any gas

leakage. The conduit shall extend not less than 2 inches (51

mm) beyond the point where the pipe emerges from the floor. If

the end sealing is capable of withstanding the full pressure of

the gas pipe, the conduit shall be designed for the same pressure

as the pipe. Such conduit shall extend not less than 4 inches

(102 mm) outside of the building, shall be vented above grade to

the outdoors and shall be installed to prevent the entrance of

water and insects.

G2415.6.2 (404.6.2) Conduit with both ends terminating

indoors. Where the conduit originates and terminates within

the same building, the conduit shall originate and terminate in

an accessible portion of the building and shall not be sealed.

The conduit shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm)

beyond the point where the pipe emerges from the floor.

G2415.7 (404.7) Above-ground piping outdoors. All piping

installed outdoors shall be elevated not less than 31/ 2 inches

(152 mm) above ground and where installed across roof

surfaces, shall be elevated not less than 31/ 2 inches (152 mm)

above the roof surface. Piping installed above ground, outdoors,

and installed across the surface of roofs shall be securely

supported and located where it will be protected from physical

damage. Where passing through an outside wall, the piping

shall also be protected against corrosion by coating or wrapping

with an inert material. Where piping is encased in a protective

pipe sleeve, the annular space between the piping and

the sleeve shall be sealed.

G2415.8 (404.8) Isolation. Metallic piping and metallic tubing

that conveys fuel gas from an LP-gas storage container

shall be provided with an approved dielectric fitting to

electrically isolate the underground portion of the pipe or tube

from the above ground portion that enters a building. Such

dielectric fitting shall be installed aboveground outdoors.

G2415.9 (404.9) Protection against corrosion. Metallic pipe

or tubing exposed to corrosive action, such as soil condition or

moisture, shall be protected in an approved manner. Zinc

coatings (galvanizing) shall not be deemed adequate protection

for gas piping underground. Where dissimilar metals are joined

underground, an insulating coupling or fitting shall be used.

Piping shall not be laid in contact with cinders.

G2415.9.1 (404.9.1) Prohibited use. Uncoated threaded or

socket welded joints shall not be used in piping in contact

with soil or where internal or external crevice corrosion is

known to occur.

G2415.9.2 (404.9.2) Protective coatings and wrapping.

Pipe protective coatings and wrappings shall be approved

for the application and shall be factory applied.

Exception: Where installed in accordance with the

manufacturer's installation instructions, field application of

coatings and wrappings shall be permitted for pipe nipples,

fittings and locations where the factory coating or wrapping

has been damaged or necessarily removed at joints.

G2415.10 (404.10) Minimum burial depth. Underground

piping systems shall be installed a minimum depth of 12 18

inches (305 mm) below grade, except as provided for in Section

G2415.10.1.

G2417.5.1 (406.5.1) Detection methods. The leakage shall

be located by means of an approved combustible gas detector,

a noncorrosive leak detection fluid or an equivalent

nonflammable solution. Matches, candles, open flames or other

methods that could provide a source of ignition shall not be

used.

G2417.5.2 (406.5.2) Corrections. Where leakage or other

defects are located, the affected portion of the piping system

shall be repaired or replaced and retested.

G2417.6 (406.6) Piping system and equipment leakage

check. Leakage checking of systems and equipment shall be in

accordance with Sections G2417.6.1 through G2417.6.4.

G2417.6.1 (406.6.1) Test gases. Fuel gas shall be permitted

to be used for leak checks in piping systems that have been

tested in accordance with Section G2417.

G2417.6.2 (406.6.2) Turning gas on. During the process of

turning gas on into a system of new gas piping, the entire

system shall be inspected to determine that there are no open

fittings or ends and that all valves at unused outlets are

closed and plugged or capped.

G2417.6.3 (406.6.3) Leak check. Immediately after the gas

is turned on into a new system or into a system that has been

initially restored after an interruption of service, the piping

system shall be checked for leakage. Where leakage is indicated'

the gas supply shall be shut off until the necessary

repairs have been made.

G2417.6.4 (406.6.4) Placing appliances and equipment in operation. Appliances and equipment shall not be placed

in operation until after the piping system has been checked

for leakage and determined to be free of leakage and purged

in accordance with Section G2417.7.2.

G2417.7 (406.7) Purging. Purging of piping shall comply with

Sections G2417.7.1 through G2417.7.4. Section modified by

ICC Emergency Code Council Amendment dated September 27,

2010 replaces all of G2417.7.

G2417.7.1 (406.7.1) Removal from service. When gas

piping is to be opened for servicing, addition or modification,

the section to be worked on shall be turned off from the

gas supply at the nearest convenient point, and the line pressure

vented to the outdoors, or to ventilated areas of sufficient

size to prevent accumulation of flammable mixtures.

G2417.7.2 (406.7.2) Placing in operation. When piping

full of air is placed in operation, the air in the piping shall be

displaced with fuel gas. The air can be safely displaced with

fuel gas provided that a moderately rapid and continuous

flow of fuel gas is introduced at one end of the line and air is

vented out at the other end. The fuel gas flow should be

continued without interruption until the vented gas is free of air.

The point of discharge shall not be left unattended during

purging. After purging, the vent shall then be closed.

G2417.7.3 (406.7.3) Discharge of purged gases. The open

end of piping systems being purged shall not discharge into

confined spaces or areas where there are sources of ignition

unless precautions are taken to perform this operation in a

safe manner by ventilation of the space, control or purging

rate, and elimination of all hazardous conditions.

G2417.7.4 (406.7.4) Placing appliances and equipment

in operation. After the piping system has been placed in

operation, all appliances and equipment shall be purged and

then placed in operation, as necessary.

SECTION G2418 (407) PIPING SUPPORT G2418.1 (407.1) General. Piping shall be provided with

support

in accordance with Section G2418.2.

G2418.2 (407.2) Design and installation. Piping shall be

supported with metal pipe hooks, metal pipe straps, metal bands,

metal brackets, metal hangers or building structural components

suitable for the size of piping, of adequate strength and

quality, and located at intervals so as to prevent or damp out

excessive vibration. Piping shall be anchored to prevent undue

strains on connected appliances and shall not be supported by

other piping. Pipe hangers and supports shall conform to the

requirements of MSS SP-58 and shall be spaced in accordance

with Section G2424. Supports, hangers and anchors shall be

installed so as not to interfere with the free expansion and

contraction of the piping between anchors. All parts of the

supporting equipment shall be designed and installed so that

they will not be disengaged by movement of the supported

piping.

SECTION G2419 (408) DRIPS AND SLOPED PIPING G2419.1 (408.1) Slopes. Piping for other than dry gas

conditions shall be sloped not less than 0.25 inch in 15 feet (6.4

mm in 4572 mm) to prevent traps.

G2419.2 (408.2) Drips. Where wet gas exists, a drip shall be

provided at any point in the line of pipe where condensate

could collect. A drip shall also be provided at the outlet of the

meter and shall be installed so as to constitute a trap wherein an

accumulation of condensate will shut off the flow of gas before

the condensate will run back into the meter.

G2419.3 (408.3) Location of drips. Drips shall be provided

with ready access to permit cleaning or emptying. A drip shall

not be located where the condensate is subject to freezing.

G2419.4 (408.4) Sediment trap. Where a sediment trap is not

incorporated as part of the appliance, a sediment trap shall be

installed downstream of the appliance shutoff valve as close to

the inlet of the appliance as practical. The sediment trap shall

be either a tee fitting having a capped nipple of any length

installed vertically in the bottom-most opening of the tee or

other device approved as an effective sediment trap.

Illuminating appliances, ranges, clothes dryers and outdoor

grills need not be so equipped.

SECTION G2420 (409) GAS SHUTOFF VALVES G2420.1 (409.1) General. Piping systems shall be provided

with shutoff valves in accordance with this section.

G2420.1.1 (409.1.1) Valve approval. Shutoff valves shall

be of an approved type; shall be constructed of materials

compatible with the piping; and shall comply with the stan-

Part VII-Plumbing CHAPTER 25

PLUMBING ADMINISTRATION SECTION P2501 GENERAL P2501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall establish

the general administrative requirements applicable to plumbing

systems and inspection requirements of this code.

P2501.2 Application. In addition to the general administration

requirements of Chapter 1, the administrative provisions of this

chapter shall also apply to the plumbing requirements of

Chapters 25 through 32.

SECTION P2502 EXISTING PLUMBING SYSTEMS P2502.1 Existing building sewers and drains. Existing

building sewers and drains shall be used in connection with

new systems when found by examination and/or test to conform

to the requirements prescribed by this document.

P2502.2 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions,

alterations,

renovations or repairs to any plumbing system shall

conform to that required for a new plumbing system without

requiring the existing plumbing system to comply with all the

requirements of this code. Additions, alterations or repairs

shall not cause an existing system to become unsafe, insanitary

or overloaded. Minor additions, alterations, renovations and

repairs to existing plumbing systems shall be permitted in the

same manner and arrangement as in the existing system,

provided that such repairs or replacement are not hazardous and

are approved.

SECTION P2503 INSPECTION AND TESTS P2503.1 Inspection required. New plumbing work and parts

of existing systems affected by new work or alterations shall be

inspected by the building official to ensure compliance with the

requirements of this code.

P2503.2 Concealment. A plumbing or drainage system, or

part thereof, shall not be covered, concealed or put into use

until it has been tested, inspected and approved by the building

official.

P2503.3 Responsibility of permittee. Test equipment,

materials

and labor shall be furnished by the permittee.

P2503.4 Building sewer testing. When required by the local

authority having jusrisdiction The building sewer shall be

tested by insertion of a test plug at the point of connection with

the public sewer location of the building clean out and filling

the building sewer with water, testing with not less than a 10-

foot (3048 mm) head of water and be able to maintain such

pressure for 15 minutes.

P2503.5 DWV systems testing. Rough and finished plumbing

installations shall be tested in accordance with Sections

P2503.5.1 and P2503.5.2.

P2503.5.1 Rough plumbing. DWV systems shall be tested

on completion of the rough piping installation by water or

air with no evidence of leakage. Either test shall be applied

to the drainage system in its entirety or in sections after

rough piping has been installed, as follows:

1. Water test. Each section shall be filled with water to a

point not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) above the highest

fitting connection in that section, or to the highest

point in the completed system. Water shall be held in

the section under test for a period of 15 minutes. The

system shall prove leak free by visual inspection.

2. Air test. The portion under test shall be maintained at

a gauge pressure of 5 pounds per square inch (psi) (34

kPa) or 10 inches of mercury column (34 kPa). This

pressure shall be held without introduction of additional

air for a period of 15 minutes.

P2503.5.2 Finished plumbing. After the plumbing fixtures

have been set and their traps filled with water, their connections

shall be tested and proved gas tight and/or water tight

as follows:

1. Water tightness. Each fixture shall be filled and then

drained. Traps and fixture connections shall be

proven water tight by visual inspection.

2. Gas tightness. When required by the local administrative

authority, a final test for gas tightness of the DWV system shall

be made by the smoke or peppermint test as follows:

2.1. Smoke test. Introduce a pungent, thick smoke into the

system. When the smoke appears at vent terminals, such

terminals shall be sealed and a pressure equivalent to a I-inch

water column (249 Pa) shall be applied and maintained

for a test period of not less than 15 minutes.

2.2. Peppermint test. Introduce 2 ounces (59 mL) of oil of

peppermint into the system. Add 10 quarts (9464 mL) of hot

water and seal all vent terminals. The odor of peppermint shall

not be detected at any trap or other point in the system.

P2503.6 Shower liner test. Where shower floors and receptors

are made water tight by the application of materials required by

Section P2709.2, the completed liner installation shall be

tested at plumbing final. The pipe from the shower drain shall

be plugged water tight for the test. The floor and receptor area

shall be filled with

potable water to a depth of not less than 2 inches (51 mm)

measured at the threshold. Where a threshold of at least 2 inches

high does not exist, a temporary threshold shall be constructed

to retain the test water in the lined floor or receptor area to a

level not less than 2 inches deep measured at the threshold. The

water shall be retained for a test period of not less than 15

minutes and there shall be no evidence of leakage.

P2503.7 Water-supply system testing. Upon completion of

the water-supply system or a section o fit, the system or portion

completed shall be tested and proved tight under a water

pressure of not less than the working pressure of the system or,

for piping systems other than plastic PVC or CPVC, by an air

test of not less than 50 psi (345 kPa). This pressure shall be held

for not less than 15 minutes. The water used for tests shall be

obtained from a potable water source.

P2503.8 Inspection and testing of backflow prevention

devices. Inspection and testing of backflow prevention devices

shall comply with Sections P2503.8.1 and P2503.8.2.

P2503.8.1 Inspections. Inspections shall be made of all

backflow prevention assemblies to determine whether they

are operable.

P2503.8.2 Testing. Reduced pressure principle backflow

preventers, double check valve assemblies, double-detector

check valve assemblies and pressure vacuum breaker

assemblies shall be tested at the time of installation,

immediately after repairs or relocation and at least annually.

P2503.9 Test gauges. Gauges used for testing shall be as

follows:

1. Tests requiring a pressure of 10 psi or less shall utilize a

testing gauge having increments of 0.10 psi (0.69 kPa) or

less.

2. Tests requiring a pressure higher than 10 psi (0.69 kPa)

but less than or equal to 100 psi (690 kPa) shall use a testing

gauge having increments of 1 psi (6.9 kPa) or less.

3. Tests requiring a pressure higher than 100 psi (690 kPa)

shall use a testing gauge having increments of2 psi (14 kPa) or

less.

CHAPTER 26 GENERAL PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS

SECTION P2601 GENERAL P2601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the

installation of plumbing not specifically covered in other

chapters applicable to plumbing systems. The installation of

plumbing, appliances, equipment and systems not addressed by

this code shall comply with the applicable provisions of the

International Plumbing Code.

P2601.2 Connection. Plumbing fixtures, drains and appliances

used to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall

be connected to the sanitary drainage system of the building or

premises in accordance with the requirements of this code.

This section shall not be construed to prevent indirect waste

systems.

P2601.3 Flood hazard area. In areas prone to flooding as

established by Table R301.2(1), plumbing fixtures, drains, and

appliances shall be located or installed in accordance with

Section R322.1.6.

SECTION P2602 INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL P2602.1 General. The water-distribution and drainage system

of any building or premises where plumbing fixtures are

installed shall be connected to a public water supply or sewer

system, respectively, if available. When either a public

water-supply or sewer system, or both, are not available, or

connection to them is not feasible, an individual water supply

or individual (private) sewage-disposal system, or both, shall

be provided.

P2602.2 Flood-resistant installation. In areas prone to flooding

as established by Table R301.2(1):

1. Water supply systems shall be designed and constructed

to prevent infiltration of floodwaters.

2. Pipes for sewage disposal systems shall be designed and

constructed to prevent infiltration of floodwaters into the

systems and discharges from the systems into floodwaters.

SECTION P2603 STRUCTURAL AND PIPING PROTECTION P2603.1 General. In the process of installing or repairing any

part of a plumbing and drainage installation, the finished

floors, walls, ceilings, tile work or any other part of the building

or premises that must be changed or replaced shall be left in a

safe structural condition in accordance with the requirements

of the building portion of this code.

P2603.2 Drilling and notching. Wood-framed structural

members shall not be drilled, notched or altered in any manner

except as provided in Sections R502.8, R602.5, R602.6,

R802.7 and R802.7.1. Holes in load-bearing members of

cold-formed steel light-frame construction shall be permitted

only in accordance with Sections R505.3.5, R603.2.5 and

R804. 2.5. In accordance with the provisions in Sections

R505.3.5, R603.3.4 and R804.3.4, cutting and notching of

flanges and lips of load-bearing members of cold-formed steel

light-frame construction shall not be permitted. Structural

insulated panels (SIPs) shall be drilled and notched or altered in

accordance with the provisions of Section R613.7.

P2603.2.1 Protection against physical damage. In concealed

locations, where piping, other than cast-iron or galvanized

steel, is installed through holes or notches in studs,

joists, rafters or similar members less than 11/ 2 inches (38

mm) from the nearest edge of the member, the pipe shall be

protected by steel shield plates. Such shield plates shall have

a thickness of not less than 0.0575 inch (1.463 mm) (No. 16

Gage). Such plates shall cover the area of the pipe where the

member is notched or bored, and shall extend a minimum of

2 inches (51 mm) above sole plates and below top plates.

P2603.3 Breakage and corrosion. Pipes passing through or

under walls shall be protected from breakage. Pipes passing

through concrete or cinder walls and floors, cold-formed steel

framing or other corrosive material shall be protected against

external corrosion by a protective sheathing or wrapping or

other means that will withstand any reaction from lime and acid

of concrete, cinder or other corrosive material. Sheathing or

wrapping shall allow for movement including expansion and

contraction of piping. Minimum wall thickness of material

shall be 0.025 inch (0.64 mm).

P2603.4 Sleeves. Annular spaces between sleeves and pipes

shall be filled or tightly caulked as approved by the building

official. Annular spaces between sleeves and pipes in fire-rated

assemblies shall be filled or tightly caulked in accordance with

the building portion of this code.

P2603.5 Pipes through footings or foundation walls. Any

pipe that passes under a footing or through a foundation wall

shall be provided with a relieving arch; or there shall be built

into the masonry wall a pipe sleeve two pipe sizes greater than

the pipe passing through.

P2603.6 Freezing. In localities having a winter design

temperature of 32°F (O°C) or lower as shown in Table

R301.2(1) of this code, a water, soil or waste pipe shall not be

installed outside of a building, in exterior walls, in attics or

crawl spaces, or in any other place subjected to freezing

temperature unless adequate provision is made to protect it from

freezing by insulation or heat or both. Water service pipe shall

be installed not less than 12 inches (305 mm) deep and not less

than 6 inches (152 mm) below the frost line.

P2603.6.1 Sewer depth. Building sewers that connect to

private sewage disposal systems shall be a minimum of

12” inches or as approved by the authority having jurisdiction

below finished grade at the point of septic tank connection.

Building sewers shall be a minimum of 12” inches (mm) below

grade.

CHAPTER 27

PLUMBING FIXTURES

SECTION P2701 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

P2701.1 Quality of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures, faucets and

fixture fittings shall be constructed of approved materials, shall

have smooth impervious surfaces, shall be free from defects and

concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to the standards

cited in this code. Plumbing fixtures shall be provided with an

adequate supply of potable water to flush and keep the fixtures

in a clean and sanitary condition without danger of backflow or

cross connection.

SECTION P2702 FIXTURE ACCESSORIES P2702.1 Plumbing fixtures. Plumbing fixtures, other than

water closets, shall be provided with approved strainers. P2702.2 Waste fittings. Waste fittings shall conform to ASME

AI12.18.2/CSA BI25.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of the standards

listed in Table P3002.1 (1) for above-ground drainage

and vent pipe and fittings.

P2702.3 Plastic tubular fittings. Plastic tubular fittings shall

conform to ASTM F 409 listed in Table P2701.1.

P2702.4 Carriers for wall-hung water closets. Carriers for

wall-hung water closets shall conform to ASME A112.6.1 or

ASME AI12.6.2.

SECTION P2703 TAIL PIECES P2703.1 Minimum size. Fixture tail pieces shall be not less

than

11/ 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter for sinks, dishwashers,

laundry tubs, bathtubs and similar fixtures, and not less than 11/

4 inches (32 mm) in diameter for bidets, lavatories and similar

fixtures.

SECTION P2704 ACCESS TO CONNECTIONS P2704.1 General. Slip joints shall be made with an approved

elastomeric gasket and shall be installed from fixture to trap

outlet. only on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal.

Fixtures with concealed slip-joint connections shall be provided

with an access panel or utility space at least 12 inches (305 mm)

in its smallest dimension or other approved arrangement so as to

provide access to the slip connections for inspection and repair.

SECTION P2705 INSTALLATION P2705.1 General. The installation of fixtures shall conform to

the following:

1. Floor-outlet or floor-mounted fixtures shall be secured to

the drainage connection and to the floor, where so

designed, by screws, bolts, washers, nuts and similar fasteners

of copper, brass or other corrosion-resistant material.

2. Wall-hung fixtures shall be rigidly supported so that

strain is not transmitted to the plumbing system.

3. Where fixtures come in contact with walls and floors, the

contact area shall be water tight.

4. Plumbing fixtures shall be usable.

5. Water closets, lavatories and bidets. A water closet, lavatory

or bidet shall not be set closer than 15 inches (381

mm) from its center to any side wall, partition or vanity

or closer than 30 inches (762 mm) center-to-center

between adjacent fixtures. There shall be at least a

21-inch (533 mm) clearance in front of the water closet,

lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door.

6. The location of piping, fixtures or equipment shall not

interfere with the operation of windows or doors.

7. In areas prone to flooding as established by Table

R30 1. 2 (1), plumbing fixtures shall be located or

installed in accordance with Section R322.1. 7.

8. Integral fixture-fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured

plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures constructed

on site, shall meet the design requirements of

ASME AI12.19.2 or ASME A 112.19.3.

SECTION P2706 WASTE RECEPTORS P2706.1 General. Every waste receptor shall be of an approved

type. Plumbing fixtures or other receptors receiving the

discharge of indirect waste pipes shall be shaped and have a

capacity to prevent splashing or flooding and shall be readily

accessible for inspection and cleaning. Waste receptors and

standpipes shall be trapped and vented and shall connect to the

building drainage system. A removable strainer or basket shall

cover the waste outlet of waste receptors. Waste receptors shall

be installed in ventilated spaces. Waste receptors shall not be

installed in bathrooms or in any inaccessible or unventilated

space such as a closet. Ready access shall be provided to waste

receptors.

Exception: Open hub waste receptors shall be permitted in

the form of a hub or pipe extending not less than 1 inch (25

mm) above a water-impervious floor, and are not required to

have a strainer.

P2706.2 Standpipes. Standpipes shall extend a minimum of

18 inches (457 mm) and a maximum of 42 inches (1067 mm)

above the trap weir. Access shall be provided to all standpipe

traps and drains for rodding.

P2706.2.1 Laundry tray connection. A laundry tray waste

line is permitted to connect into a standpipe for the automatic

clothes washer drain. The standpipe shall extend not

less than 30 inches (762 mm) above the trap weir and shall

extend above the flood level rim of the laundry tray. The outlet

of the laundry tray shall be a maximum horizontal distance

of 30 inches (762 mm) from the standpipe trap.

P2706.3 Prohibited waste receptors. Plumbing fixtures that

are used for washing or bathing shall not be used to receive the

discharge of indirect waste piping.

Exceptions:

1. A kitchen sink trap is acceptable for use as a receptor

for a dishwasher.

2. A laundry tray is acceptable for use as a receptor for a

clothes washing machine.

SECTION P2707 DIRECTIONAL FITTINGS P2707.1 Directional fitting required. Approved directional-

type branch fittings shall be installed in fixture tailpieces

receiving the discharge from food waste disposal units or

dishwashers.

SECTION P2708 SHOWERS P2708.1 General. Shower compartments shall have at least

900 square inches (0.6 m2) of interior cross-sectional area.

Shower compartments shall be not less than 30 inches (762

mm) in minimum dimension measured from the finished interior

dimension of the shower compartment, exclusive of fixture

valves, shower heads, soap dishes, and safety grab bars or rails.

The minimum required area and dimension shall be measured

from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top

of the threshold and at a point tangent to its centerline and shall

be continued to a height of not less than 70 inches (1778 mm)

above the shower drain outlet. Hinged shower doors shall open

outward. The wall area above built-in tubs having installed

shower heads and in shower compartments shall be constructed

in accordance with Section R702.4. Such walls shall form a

water-tight joint with each other and with either the tub, receptor

or shower floor.

Exceptions:

1. Fold-down seats shall be permitted in the shower,

provided the required 900-square-inch (0.6 m2) dimension is maintained when the seat is in the

folded-up position.

2. Shower compartments having not less than 25 inches

(635 mm) in minimum dimension measured from the

finished interior dimension of the compartment provided

that the shower compartment has a minimum of

1,300 square inches (0.838 m2) of cross-sectional

area.

P2708.1.1 Access. The shower compartment access and

egress opening shall have a minimum clear and unobstructed

finished width of 22 inches (559 mm).

P2708.2 Water supply riser. Water supply risers from the

shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or

concealed, shall be attached to the structure using support

devices designed for use with the specific piping material or

fittings anchored with screws.

P2708.3 Shower control valves. Individual shower and

tub/shower combination valves shall be equipped with control

valves of the pressure-balance, thermostatic-mixing or

combination pressure-balance/thermostatic-mixing valve types

with a high limit stop in accordance with ASSE 1016 or CSA

B125. The high limit stop shall be set to limit water temperature

to a maximum of 120°F (49°C). In-line thermostatic valves shall

not be used for compliance with this section.

P2708.4 Hand showers. Hand-held showers shall conform to

ASME AI12.18.1 or CSA BI25.1. Hand-held showers shall be

provide backflow protection in accordance with ASME

AI12.18.1 or CSA B125.1 or shall be protected against

backflow by a device complying with ASME AI12.18.3.

SECTION P2709 SHOWER RECEPTORS P2709.1 Construction. Shower receptors shall have a finished

curb threshold not less than 1 inch (25 mm) below the sides and

back of the receptor. The curb shall be not less than 2 inches (51

mm) and not more than 9 inches (229 mm) deep when measured

from the top of the curb to the top of the drain. The finished

floor shall slope uniformly toward the drain not less than

1/4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) nor

more than 1/2 inch (13 mm), and floor drains shall be flanged to

provide a water-tight joint in the floor.

P2709.2 Lining required. Where required, the adjoining walls

and floor framing enclosing on-site built-up shower receptors

shall be lined with one of the following materials:

1. Sheet lead,

2. Sheet copper,

3. Plastic liner material that complies with ASTM D 4068

or ASTM D 4551,

4. Hot mopping in accordance with Section P2709.2.3 or

5. Sheet-applied load-bearing, bonded waterproof membranes

that comply with ANSI AI18.10.

The lining material shall extend not less than 3 inches (76

mm) beyond or around the rough jambs and not less than 3

inches (76 mm) above finished thresholds. Sheet-applied load

bearing, bonded waterproof membranes shall be applied in

accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

P2709.2.1 PVC sheets. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride

(PVC) sheets shall be a minimum of 0.040 inch (1 mm)

thick, and shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 4551.

Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance

with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

P2709.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.

Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall be a

minimum of 0.040 inch (1 mm) thick, and shall meet the

requirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in

accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

P2709.2.3 Hot-mopping. Shower receptors lined by hot

mopping shall be built-up with not less than three layers of

standard grade Type 15 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt.

The bottom layer shall be fitted to the formed subbase and

each succeeding layer thoroughly hot-mopped to that

SECTION P2713 BATHTUBS P2713.1 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. Bathtubs shall

have outlets and overflows at least 11/ 2 inches (38 mm) in

diameter, and the waste outlet shall be equipped with an

approved stopper.

P2713.2 Bathtub enclosures. Doors within a bathtub enclosure

shall conform to ASME Al12.19.15.

P2713.3 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves. The hot

water supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs shall be

limited to a maximum temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water

temperature- limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070,

except where such protection is otherwise provided by a

combination tub/shower valve in accordance with Section

P2708.3.

SECTION P2714 SINKS P2714.1 Sink waste outlets. Sinks shall be provided with

waste outlets not less than 11/ 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter. A

strainer, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict

the clear opening of the waste outlet.

P2714.2 Movable sink systems. Movable sink systems shall

comply with ASME Al12.19.12.

SECTION P2715 LAUNDRY TUBS P2715.1 Laundry tub waste outlet. Each compartment of a

laundry tub tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less

than 11/ 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar

to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.

SECTION P2716 FOOD WASTE GRINDER P2716.1 Food waste grinder waste outlets. Food waste

grinders shall be connected to a drain of not less than 11/ 2

inches (38 mm) in diameter.

P2716.2 Water supply required. Food waste grinders shall be

provided with an adequate supply of water at a sufficient flow

rate to ensure proper functioning of the unit.

SECTION P2717 DISHWASHING MACHINES P2717.1 Protection of water supply. The water supply for

dishwashers shall be protected by an air gap or integral

backflow preventer.

P2717.2 Sink and dishwasher. A sink and dishwasher are

permitted to discharge through a single 11/z-inch (38 mm) trap.

The discharge pipe from the dishwasher shall be increased to a

minimum of 3/4 inch (19 mm) in diameter and shall be

connected with a wye fitting to the sink tailpiece. The

dishwasher waste line shall rise and be securely fastened to the

underside of the counter before connecting to the sink tailpiece.

P2717.3 Sink, dishwasher and food grinder. The combined

discharge from a sink, dishwasher, and waste grinder is

permitted to discharge through a single 11/ 2 inch (38 mm) trap.

The discharge pipe from the dishwasher shall be increased to a

minimum of 3/4 inch (19 mm) in diameter and shall connect

with a wye fitting between the discharge of the food-waste

grinder and the trap inlet or to the head of the food grinder. The

dishwasher waste line shall rise and be securely fastened to the

underside of the counter before connecting to the sink tail piece

or the food grinder.

SECTION P2718 CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE P2718.1 Waste connection. The discharge from a clothes

washing machine shall be through an air break.

SECTION P2719 FLOOR DRAINS P2719.1 Floor drains. Floor drains shall have waste outlets

not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter and a removable

strainer. The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain

can be cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet.

Floor drains shall not be located under or have their access

restricted by permanently installed appliances.

SECTION P2720 WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS P2720.1 Access to pump. Access shall be provided to

circulation pumps in accordance with the fixture or pump

manufacturer's installation instructions. Where the

manufacturer's instructions do not specify the location and

minimum size of field-fabricated access openings, a 12-inch by

12-inch (305 mm by 305 mm) minimum size opening shall be

installed for access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are

located more than 2 feet (610 mm) from the access opening, an

18-inch by 18-inch (457 mm by 457 mm) minimum size

opening shall be installed. A door or panel shall be permitted to

close the opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be

unobstructed and be of the size necessary to permit the removal

and replacement of the circulation pump.

P2720.2 Piping drainage. The circulation pump shall be

accessibly located above the crown weir of the trap. The pump

drain line shall be properly graded to ensure minimum water

retention in the volute after fixture use. The circulation piping

shall be installed to be self-draining.

P2720.3 Leak testing. Leak testing and pump operation shall

be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation

instructions.

P2720.4 Manufacturer's instructions. The product shall be

installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation

instructions

CHAPTER 28

WATER HEATERS SECTION P2802 WATER HEATERS USED FOR SPACE HEATING P2801.1 Required. Each dwelling shall have an approved

automatic water heater or other type of domestic water-heating

system sufficient to supply hot water to plumbing fixtures and

appliances intended for bathing, washing or culinary purposes.

Storage tanks shall be constructed of noncorrosive metal or shall

be lined with noncorrosive material.

P2801.2 Installation. Water heaters shall be installed in

accordance with this chapter and Chapters 20 and 24.

P2801.3 Location. Water heaters and storage tanks shall be

installed in accordance with Section M1305 and shall be

located and connected to provide access for observation,

maintenance, servicing and replacement.

P2801.4 Prohibited locations. Water heaters shall be located

in accordance with Chapter 20.

P2801.5 Required pan. Where tank type water heaters or hot

water storage tanks are installed in locations where leakage of

the tanks or connections will cause damage, the tank or water

heater shall be installed in a galvanized steel pan having a

material thickness of not less than 0.0236 inch (0.6010 mm)

(No. 24 gage), or other pans approved for such use. Listed pans

shall comply with CSA LC3.

P2801.5.1 Pan size and drain. The pan shall be not less

than 11/ 2 inches (38 mm) deep and shall be of sufficient size

and shape to receive all dripping or condensate from the

tank or water heater. The pan shall be drained by an indirect

waste pipe having a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch (19 mm).

Piping for safety pan drains shall be of those materials listed

in Table P2905.5.

P2801.5.2 Pan drain termination. The pan drain shall

extend full-size and terminate over a suitably located indirect

waste receptor or shall extend to the exterior of the

building and terminate not less than 6 inches (152 mm) and

not more than 24 inches (610 mm) above the adjacent

ground surface.

P2801.6 Water heaters installed in garages. Water heaters

having an ignition source shall be elevated such that the source

of ignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the garage

floor.

P2801.7Water heater seismic bracing. In Seismic Design

Categories Do, D1 and D2 and townhouses in Seismic Design

Category C, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped in the

upper one-third and in the lower one-third of the appliance to

resist a horizontal force equal to one-third of the operating

weight of the water heater, acting in any horizontal direction, or

in accordance with the appliance manufacturer's

recommendations.

P2802.1 Protection of potable water. Piping and components

connected to a water heater for space heating applications shall

be suitable for use with potable water in accordance with

Chapter 29. Water heaters that will be used to supply potable

water shall not be connected to a heating system or components

previously used with nonpotable-water heating appliances.

Chemicals for boiler treatment shall not be introduced into the

water heater.

P2802.2 Temperature control. Where a combination water

heater-space heating system requires water for space heating at

temperatures exceeding 140°F (60°C), a master thermostatic

mixing valve complying with ASSE 1017 shall be installed to

temper the water to a temperature of 140°F (60°C) or less for

domestic uses.

SECTION P2803 RELIEF VALVES P2803.1 Relief valves required. Tank type appliances and

equipment used for heating water or storing hot water shall be

protected by:

1. A separate pressure-relief valve and a separate temperature-

relief valve; or

2. A combination pressure- and temperature-relief valve.

P2803.2 Rating. Relief valves shall have a minimum rated

capacity for the equipment served and shall conform to ANSI

Z 21.22.

P2803.3 Pressure relief valves. Pressure-relief valves shall

have a relief rating adequate to meet the pressure conditions for

the appliances or equipment protected. In tanks, they shall be

installed directly into a tank tapping or in a water line close to

the tank. They shall be set to open at least 25 psi (172 kPa)

above the system pressure but not over 150 psi (1034 kPa). The

relief-valve setting shall not exceed the tanks rated working

pressure.

P2803.4 Temperature relief valves. Temperature-relief

valves shall have a relief rating compatible with the temperature

conditions of the appliances or equipment protected. The

valves shall be installed such that the temperature-sensing

element monitors the water within the top 6 inches (152 mm) of

the tank. The valve shall be set to open at a maximum

temperature of 210°F (99°C) .

P2803.5 Combination pressure-/temperature-relief valves.

Combination pressure-/temperature-relief valves shall comply

with all the requirements for separate pressure- and temperature-

relief valves.

P2803.6 Installation of relief valves. A check or shutoff valve

shall not be installed in the following locations:

1. Between a relief valve and the termination point of the

relief valve discharge pipe;

2. Between a relief valve and a tank; or

3. Between a relief valve and heating appliances or equipment.

P2803.6.1 Requirements for discharge pipe. The discharge

piping serving a pressure-relief valve, temperature

relief valve or combination valve shall:

1. Not be directly connected to the drainage system.

2. Discharge through an air gap located in the same

room as the water heater.

3. Not be smaller than the diameter of the outlet of the

valve served and shall discharge full size to the air

gap.

4. Serve a single relief device and shall not connect to

piping serving any other relief device or equipment.

5. Discharge to the floor, to the pan serving the water

heater or storage tank, to a waste receptor or to the

outdoors. Discharge to an approved waste receptor or to the

outdoors.

6. Discharge in a manner that does not cause personal

injury or structural damage.

7. Discharge to a termination point that is readily

observable by the building occupants.

8. Not be trapped.

9. Be installed to flow by gravity.

10. Not terminate more than 6 inches (152 mm) above

the floor or waste receptor.

11. Not have a threaded connection at the end of the piping.

12. Not have valves or tee fittings.

13. Be constructed of those materials listed in Section

P2904.5 or materials tested, rated and approved for

such use in accordance with ASME AI12.4.1. P2803.7 Vacuum

relief valve. Bottom fed tank-type water heaters and bottom fed

tanks connected to water heaters shall have a vacuum relief valve

installed that complies with ANSI Z21.22.

introduced into the system, the potable water connection

shall be protected by an air gap or a reduced pressure principle

backflow preventer complying with ASSE 1013, CSA

B64.4 or AWWA C511.

P2902.5.2 Heat exchangers. Heat exchangers using an

essentially toxic transfer fluid shall be separated from the

potable water by double-wall construction. An air gap open

to the atmosphere shall be provided between the two walls.

Heat exchangers utilizing an essentially nontoxic transfer

fluid shall be permitted to be of single-wall construction

.

P2902.5.3 Lawn irrigation systems. The potable water

supply to lawn irrigation systems shall be protected against

backflow by an atmospheric-type vacuum breaker, a pressure-

type vacuum breaker or a spill resistant backflow preventer.

reduced pressure principle backflow preventer. A valve shall not

be installed downstream from an atmospheric vacuum breaker.

Where chemicals are introduced into the system, the potable

water supply shall be protected against backflow by a reduced

pressure principle backflow preventer.

P2902.5.4 Connections to automatic fire sprinkler systems.

The potable water supply to automatic fire sprinkler

systems shall be protected against backflow by a double

check-valve assembly or a reduced pressure principle

backflow preventer.

Exception: Where systems are installed as a portion of

the water distribution system in accordance with the

requirements of this code and are not provided with a fire

department connection, isolation of the water supply

system shall not be required.

P2902.5.4.1 Additives or nonpotable source. Where

systems contain chemical additives or antifreeze, or

where systems are connected to a nonpotable secondary

water supply, the potable water supply shall be protected

against backflow by a reduced pressure principle backflow

preventer. Where chemical additives or antifreeze is added to

only a portion of an automatic fire sprinkler or standpipe

system, the reduced pressure principle backflow preventer shall

be permitted to be located so as to isolate that portion of the

system.

P2902.5.5 Solar systems. The potable water supply to a

solar system shall be equipped with a backflow preventer

with intermediate atmospheric vent complying with ASSE

1012 or a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer

complying with ASSE 1013. Where chemicals are used, the

potable water supply shall be protected by a reduced pressure

principle backflow preventer.

Exception: Where all solar system piping is a part of the

potable water distribution system, in accordance with the

requirements of the International Plumbing Code, and

all components of the piping system are listed for potable

water use, cross-connection protection measure shall not

be required.

P2902.6 Location of backflow preventers. Access shall be

provided to backflow preventers as specified by the

manufacturer’s installation instructions.

P2902.6.1 Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention

devices. Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention

devices shall comply with ASSE 1060.

P2902.6.2 Protection of backflow preventers. Backflow

preventers shall not be located in areas subject to freezing

except where they can be removed by means of unions, or

are protected by heat, insulation or both.

P2902.6.3 Relief port piping. The termination of the piping

from the relief port or air gap fitting of the backflow

preventer shall discharge to an approved indirect waste

receptor or to the outdoors where it will not cause damage or

create a nuisance.

bution lines shall be 3/8 inch (10 mm). Certain fixtures such

as one-piece water closets and whirlpool bathtubs shall

require a larger size where specified by the manufacturer. If

a water heater is fed from the end of a cold water manifold,

the manifold shall be one size larger than the water heater

feed.

P2903.8.3 Orientation. Manifolds shall be permitted to

be installed in a horizontal or vertical position.

P2903.8.4 Support and protection. Plastic piping bundles

shall be secured in accordance with the manufacturer's

installation instructions and supported in accordance with

Section P2605. Bundles that have a change in direction equal to

or greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) shall be protected from

chafing at the point of contact with framing members by

sleeving or wrapping.

P2903.8.5 Valving. Fixture valves, when installed, shall

be located either at the fixture or at the manifold. If valves

are installed at the manifold, they shall be labeled indicating

the fixture served.

P2903.8.6 Hose bibb bleed. Where authority having

jurisdiction requires A readily accessible air bleed shall be

installed in hose bibb supplies at the manifold or at the hose

bibb exit point.

P2903.9 Valves. Valves shall be installed in accordance with

Sections P2903.9.1 through P2903.9.5.

P2903.9.1 Service valve. Each dwelling unit shall be provided

with an accessible main shutoff valve near the entrance of the

water service. The valve shall be of a full-open type having

nominal restriction to flow, with provision for drainage such as

a bleed orifice or installation of a separate drain valve.

Additionally, the water service shall be valved at the curb or

property line in accordance with local requirements.

P2903.9.2 Water heater valve. A readily accessible

full-open valve shall be installed in the cold-water supply pipe

to each water heater at or near the water heater.

P2903.9.3 Fixture valves and access. Valves serving individual

fixtures, appliances, risers and branches shall be provided

with access. An individual shutoff valve shall be required on

the fixture supply pipe to each plumbing fixture other than

bathtubs and showers.

P2903.9.4 Valve requirements. Valves shall be of an

approved type and compatible with the type of piping material

installed in the system. Ball valves, gate valves, globe valves

and plug valves intended to supply drinking water shall meet

the requirements of NSF 61.

P2903.9.5 Valves and outlets prohibited below grade. Potable

water outlets and combination stop-and-waste valves shall not

be installed underground or below grade. Freeze proof yard

hydrants that drain the riser into the ground are considered to be

stop-and-waste valves.

Exception: Installation of freeze proof yard hydrants that

drain the riser into the ground shall be permitted if the potable

water supply to such hydrants is protected upstream of

the hydrants in accordance with Section P2902 and the

hydrants are permanently identified as nonpotable outlets

by approved signage that reads as follows: "Caution,

Nonpotable Water. Do Not Drink."

P2903.10 Hose bibb. Hose bibbs subject to freezing, including

the "frost-proof" type, shall be equipped with an accessible

stop-and-waste-type valve inside the building so that they can

be controlled and/or drained during cold periods.

Exception: Frost proof hose bibbs installed such that the

stem extends through the building insulation into an open

heated or semiconditioned space need not be separately

valved (see Figure P2903.10).

SECTION P2904 DWELLING UNIT FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

P2904.1 General. Where installed, residential fire sprinkler

systems, or portions thereof, shall be in accordance with NFPA

13D. or Section P2904, which shall be considered equivalent to

NFPA 13D. Section P2904 shall apply to stand-alone and

multipurpose wet-pipe sprinkler systems that do not include the

use of antifreeze. A multipurpose fire sprinkler system shall

supply domestic water to both fire sprinklers and plumbing

fixtures. A stand-alone sprinkler system shall be separate and

independent from the water distribution system. A backflow

flow preventer shall not be required to separate a stand-alone

sprinkler system from the water distribution system.

P2904.1.1 Required sprinkler locations. Sprinklers shall

be installed to protect all areas of a dwelling unit.

Exceptions:

1. Attics, crawl spaces and normally unoccupied concealed

spaces that do not contain fuel-fired appliances

do not require sprinklers. In attics, crawl

spaces and normally unoccupied concealed spaces

that contain fuel-fired equipment, a sprinkler shall be

installed above the equipment; however, sprinklers

shall not be required in the remainder of the space.

2. Clothes closets, linen closets and pantries not

exceeding 24 square feet (2.2 m2) in area, with the

smallest dimension not greater than 3 feet (915 mm)

and having wall and ceiling surfaces of gypsum

board.

3. Bathrooms not more than 55 square feet (5.1 m2) in

area.

4. Garages; carports; exterior porches; unheated

entry areas, such as mud rooms, that are adjacent to

an exterior door; and similar areas.

P2904.2 Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be new listed residential

sprinklers and shall be installed in accordance with the sprinkler

manufacturer's installation instructions.

P2904.2.1 Temperature rating and separation from heat

sources. Except as provided for in Section P2904.2.2, sprinklers

shall have a temperature rating of not less than 135°F

(57°C) and not more than 170°F (77°C). Sprinklers shall be

separated from heat sources as required by the sprinkler

manufacturer's installation instructions.

P2904.2.2 Intermediate temperature sprinklers. Sprinklers

shall have an intermediate temperature rating not less

than 175°F (79°C) and not more than 225°F (107°C) where

installed in the following locations:

1. Directly under skylights, where the sprinkler is

exposed to direct sunlight.

2. In attics.

3. In concealed spaces located directly beneath a roof.

4. Within the distance to a heat source as specified in

Table P2904.2.2

P2904.2.3 Freezing areas. Piping shall be protected from

freezing as required by Section P2603.6. Where sprinklers

are required in areas that are subject to freezing, dry-sidewall

or dry-pendent sprinklers extending from a nonfreezing

area into a freezing area shall be installed.

P2904.2.4 Sprinkler coverage. Sprinkler coverage

requirements and sprinkler obstruction requirements shall be

in accordance with Sections P2904.2.4.1 and P2904.2.4.2.

P2904.2.4.1 Coverage area limit. The area of coverage

of a single sprinkler shall not exceed 400 square feet (37

m2) and shall be based on the sprinkler listing and the

sprinkler manufacturer's installation instructions.

P2904.2.4.2 Obstructions to coverage. Sprinkler discharge

shall not be blocked by obstructions unless additional

sprinklers are installed to protect the obstructed

area. Sprinkler separation from obstructions shall comply

with the minimum distances specified in the sprinkler

manufacturer's instructions.

P2904.2.4.2.1 Additional requirements for pendent

sprinklers. Pendent sprinklers within 3 feet (915 mm)

of the center of a ceiling fan, surface-mounted ceiling

luminaire or similar object shall be considered to be

obstructed, and additional sprinklers shall be installed.

P2904.2.4.2.2 Additional requirements for sidewall

sprinklers. Sidewall sprinklers within 5 feet (1524 mm)

of the center of a ceiling fan, surface-mounted ceiling

luminaire or similar object shall be considered to be

obstructed, and additional sprinklers shall be installed.

P2904.2.5 Sprinkler installation on systems assembled

with solvent cement. The solvent cementing of threaded

adapter fittings shall be completed and threaded adapters for

sprinklers shall be verified as being clear of excess cement

prior to the installation of sprinklers on systems assembled

with solvent cement.

P2904.2.6 Sprinkler modifications prohibited. Painting,

caulking or modifying of sprinklers shall be prohibited.

Sprinklers that have been painted, caulked, modified or

damaged shall be replaced with new sprinklers.

P2904.3 Sprinkler piping system. Sprinkler piping shall be

supported in accordance with the requirements for cold water

distribution piping. Sprinkler piping shall comply with all

requirements for cold water distribution piping. For

multipurpose piping systems, the sprinkler piping shall

connect to and be a part of the cold water distribution piping

system.

P2904.3.1 Nonmetallic pipe and tubing. Nonmetallic pipe

and tubing, such as CPVC and PEX, shall be listed for use in

residential fire sprinkler systems.

P2904.3.1.1 Nonmetallic pipe protection. Nonmetallic

pipe and tubing systems shall be protected from exposure

to the living space by a layer of not less than 3/8 inch

(9.5 mm) thick gypsum wallboard, 1/2 inch thick plywood

(13 mm), or other material having a 15 minute fire

rating.

Exceptions:

1. Pipe protection shall not be required in areas

that do not require protection with sprinklers as

specified in Section P2904.1.1.

2. Pipe protection shall not be required where

exposed piping is permitted by the pipe listing.

P2904.3.2 Shutoff valves prohibited. With the exception

of shutoff valves for the entire water distribution system,

valves shall not be installed in any location where the valve

would isolate piping serving one or more sprinklers.

P2904.3.3 Single dwelling limit. Piping beyond the service

valve located at the beginning of the water distribution system

shall not serve more than one dwelling.

P2904.3.4 Drain. A means to drain the sprinkler system

shall be provided on the system side of the water distribution

shutoff valve.

P2904.4 Determining system design flow. The flow for sizing

the sprinkler piping system shall be based on the flow rating of

each sprinkler in accordance with Section P2904.4.1 and the

calculation in accordance with Section P2904.4.2.

P2904.4.1 Determining required flow rate for each

sprinkler. The minimum required flow for each sprinkler

shall be determined using the sprinkler manufacturer's

published data for the specific sprinkler model based on all of

the following:

1. The area of coverage.

2. The ceiling configuration.

3. The temperature rating.

4. Any additional conditions specified by the sprinkler

manufacturer.

P2904.4.2 System design flow rate. The design flow rate

for the system shall be based on the following:

1. The design flow rate for a room having only one

sprinkler shall be the flow rate required for that sprinkler,

as determined by Section P2904.4.1.

2. The design flow rate for a room having two or more

sprinklers a shall be determined by identifying the

sprinkler in that room with the highest required flow

rate, based on Section P2904.4.1, and multiplying that

flow rate by 2.

3. Where the sprinkler manufacturer specifies different criteria

for ceiling configurations that are not smooth, flat

and horizontal, the required flow rate for that room shall

comply with the sprinkler manufacturer's instructions.

4. The design flow rate for the sprinkler system shall be

the flow required by the room with the largest flow

rate, based on Items 1, 2 and 3.

5. For the purpose of this section, it shall be permissible

to reduce the design flow rate for a room by subdividing

the space into two or more rooms, where each

room is evaluated separately with respect to the

required design flow rate. Each room shall be

bounded by walls and a ceiling. Openings in walls

shall have a lintel not less than 8 inches (203 mm) in

depth and each lintel shall form a solid barrier

between the ceiling and the top of the opening.

P2904.5 Water supply. The water supply shall provide not less

than the required design flow rate for sprinklers in accordance

with Section P2904.4.2 at a pressure not less than that used to

comply with Section P2904.6.

P2904.5.1 Water supply from individual sources. Where

a dwelling unitwater supply is from a tank system, a private

well system or a combination of these, the available water

supply shall be based on the minimum pressure control setting

for the pump.

P2904.5.2 Required capacity. The water supply shall have

the capacity to provide the required design flow rate for

sprinklers for a period of time as follows:

1. 7 minutes for dwelling units one story in height and

less than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area.

2. 10 minutes for dwelling units two or more stories in

height or equal to or greater than 2,000 square feet (186

m2) in area. Where a well system, a water supply tank system

or a combination thereof is used, any combination of well

capacity and tank storage shall be permitted to meet the

capacity requirement.

P2904.6 Pipe sizing. The piping to sprinklers shall be sized for

the flow required by Section P2904.4.2. The flow required to

supply the plumbing fixtures shall not be required to be added

to the sprinkler design flow.

P2904.6.1 Method of sizing pipe. Piping supplying sprinklers

shall be sized using the prescriptive method in Section

P2904.6.2 or by hydraulic calculation in accordance with

NFPA 13D. The minimum pipe size from the water supply

source to any sprinkler shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) nominal.

Threaded adapter fittings at the point where sprinklers are

attached to the piping shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch (13 mm)

nominal.

P2904.6.2 Prescriptive pipe sizing method. Pipe shall be

sized by determining the available pressure to offset friction

loss in piping and identifying a piping material, diameter

and length using the equation in Section P2904.6.2.1 and

the procedure in Section P2904.6.2.2.

P2904.6.2.1 Available pressure equation. The pressure

available to offset friction loss in the interior piping system

(Pt) shall be determined in accordance with the

Equation 29-1.

Pt = Psup - PLsvc - PLm- PLd - PLe - Psp (Equation 29-1)

where:

Pt Pressure used in applying Tables

P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9).

Psup Pressure available from the water supply

source.

PLsvc = Pressure loss in the water-service pipe.

PLm Pressure loss in the water meter.

PLd Pressure loss from devices other than the

water meter.

PLe Pressure loss associated with changes in

elevation.

Psp Maximum pressure required by a sprinkler.

2904.6.2.2 Calculation procedure. Determination of

the required size for water distribution piping shall be in

accordance with the following procedure:

Step I-Determine Psup

Obtain the static supply pressure that will be available

from the water main from the water purveyor, or for an

individual source, the available supply pressure shall be

in accordance with Section P2904.5.1.

Step 2-Determine PLsvc

Use Table P2904.6.2(1) to determine the pressure loss in

the water service pipe based on the selected size of the

water service.

Step 3-Determine PLm

Use Table P2904.6.2 (2) to determine the pressure loss from

the water meter, based on the selected water meter size.

Step 4-Determine PLd Determine the pressure loss from devices other than the

water meter installed in the piping system supplying

sprinklers, such as pressure-reducing valves, backflow

preventers, water softeners or water filters. Device pressure

losses shall be based on the device manufacturer's

specifications. The flow rate used to determine pressure loss

shall be the rate from Section P2904.4.2, except that S gpm

(0.3 LIS) shall be added where the device is installed in a

water-service pipe that supplies more than one dwelling.

As alternative to deducting pressure loss for a device, an

automatic bypass valve shall be installed to divert flow

around the device when a sprinkler activates.

Step 5-Determine PLe

Use Table P2904.6.2(3) to determine the pressure loss

associated with changes in elevation. The elevation used

in applying the table shall be the difference between the

elevation where the water source pressure was measured

and the elevation of the highest sprinkler.

Step 6-Determine Psp

Determine the maximum pressure required by any individual

sprinkler based on the flow rate from Section

P2904.4.1. The required pressure is provided in the

sprinkler manufacturer's published data for the specific

sprinkler model based on the selected flow rate.

Step 7-Calculate PI Using Equation 29-1, calculate the pressure available to

offset friction loss in water-distribution piping between

the service valve and the sprinklers.

Step 8-Determine the maximum allowable pipe length

Use Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) to select a

material and size for water distribution piping. The piping

material and size shall be acceptable if the developed

length of pipe between the service valve and the most

remote sprinkler does not exceed the maximum allowable

length specified by the applicable table. Interpolation ofPt

between the tabular values shall be permitted.

The maximum allowable length of piping in Tables

P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) incorporates an adjustment

for pipe fittings, and no additional consideration of friction

losses associated with pipe fittings shall be required.

P2904.7 Instructions and signs. An owner's manual for the

fire sprinkler system shall be provided to the owner. A sign or

valve tag shall be installed at the main shutoff valve to the

water distribution system stating the following: "Warning, the

water system for this home supplies fire sprinklers that require

certain flows and pressures to fight a fire. Devices that restrict

the flow or decrease the pressure or automatically shut off the

water to the fire sprinkler system, such as water softeners,

filtration systems and automatic shutoff valves, shall not be

added to this system without a review of the fire sprinkler

system by a fire protection specialist. Do not remove this

sign."

P2904.8 Inspections. The water distribution system shall be

inspected in accordance with Sections P2904.8.1 and

P2904.8.2.

P2904.8.1 Preconcealment inspection. The following

items shall be verified prior to the concealment ofany sprinkler

system piping:

1. Sprinklers are installed in all areas as required by Section

P2904.1.1.

2. Where sprinkler water spray patterns are obstructed

by construction features, luminaires or ceiling fans,

additional sprinklers are installed as required by Section

P2904.2.4.2.

3. Sprinklers are the correct temperature rating and are

installed at or beyond the required separation distances

from heat sources as required by Sections

P2904.2.1 and P2904.2.2.

4. The pipe size equals or exceeds the size used in applying

Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) or, if

the piping system was hydraulically calculated in

accordance with Section P2904.6.1, the size used in

the hydraulic calculation.

5. The pipe length does not exceed the length permitted by

Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) or, if the piping

system was hydraulically calculated in accordance

with Section P2904.6.1, pipe lengths and fittings do not

exceed those used in the hydraulic calculation.

6. Nonmetallic piping that conveys water to sprinklers is

listed for use with fire sprinklers.

7. Piping is supported in accordance with the pipe

manufacturer's and sprinkler manufacturer's installation

instructions.

8. The piping system is tested in accordance with Section

P2S03.7.

P2904.8.2 Final inspection. The following items shall be

verified upon completion of the system:

1. Sprinkler are not painted, damaged or otherwise hindered

from operation.

2. Where a pump is required to provide water to the system,

the pump starts automatically upon system water

demand.

3. Pressure-reducing valves, water softeners, water filters

or other impairments to water flow that were not

part of the original design have not been installed.

4. The sign or valve tag required by Section P2904.7 is

installed and the owner's manual for the system is

present.

SECTION P2905 MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS P2905.1 Soil and groundwater. The installation of water service

pipe, water distribution pipe, fittings, valves, appurtenances and

gaskets shall be prohibited in soil and groundwater that is

contaminated with solvents, fuels, organic compounds or other

detrimental materials that cause permeation, corrosion,

degradation or structural failure of the water service or water

distribution piping material.

P2905.1.1 Investigation required. Where detrimental conditions

are suspected by or brought to the attention of the

building official, a chemical analysis of the soil and groundwater

conditions shall be required to ascertain the acceptability of the

water service material for the specific

installation.

P2905.1.2 Detrimental condition. When a detrimental

condition exists, approved alternate materials or alternate

routing shall be required.

P2905.2 Lead content. Pipe and fittings used in the water-supply

system shall have a maximum of 8 percent lead.

P2905.3 Polyethylene plastic piping installation. Polyethylene

pipe shall be cut square using a cutter designed for plastic

pipe. Except where joined by heat fusion, pipe ends shall be

chamfered to remove sharp edges. Pipe that has been kinked

shall not be installed. For bends, the installed radius of pipe

curvature shall be greater than 30 pipe diameters or the coil

radius when bending with the coil. Coiled pipe shall not be bent

beyond straight. Bends shall not be permitted within 10 pipe

diameters of any fitting or valve. Joints between polyethylene

plastic pipe and fittings shall comply with Sections P2905.3.1 and

P2905.3.2.

P2905.3.1 Heat-fusion joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean

and free from moisture. Joint surfaces shall be heated to

melting temperature and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed

until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTMD 2657.

P2905.3.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be

installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation

instructions.

P2905.4 Water service pipe. Water service pipe shall conform

to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in

Table P2905.4. Water service pipe or tubing, installed

underground and outside of the structure, shall have a minimum

working pressure rating of 160 pounds per square inch at 73 F

(1103 kPa at 23°C). Where the water pressure exceeds 160

pounds per square inch (1103 kPa) , piping material shall have a

rated working pressure equal to or greater than the highest

available pressure. Water service piping materials not third-party

certified for water distribution shall terminate at least 30 inches

outside the exterior wall. or before the full open valve located at

the entrance to the structure. Ductile iron water service piping

shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104.

P2905.4.1 Dual check-valve-type backflow preventer.

Where a dual check-valve backflow preventer is installed on

the water supply system, it shall comply with ASSE 1024 or

CSA B64.6.

P2905.4.2 Water service installation. Trenching, pipe

installation and backfilling shall be in accordance with Section

P2604. Water-service pipe is permitted to be located in

the same trench with a building sewer provided such sewer

is constructed of materials listed for underground use within

a building in Section P3002.1. If the building sewer is not

constructed of materials listed in Section P3002.1, the

water-service pipe shall be separated from the building

sewer by a minimum of 5 feet (1524 mm), measured horizontally,

of undisturbed or compacted earth or placed on a

solid ledge at least 12 inches (305 mm) above and to one

side of the highest point in the sewer line.

Exception: The required separation distance shall not

apply where a water service pipe crosses a sewer pipe,

provided that the water service pipe is sleeved to at least 5

feet (1524 mm), horizontally from the sewer pipe centerline,

on both sides of the crossing with pipe materials

listed in Tables P2905.4, P3002.1 (1), P3002.1 (2) or

P3002.2.

P2905.5 Water-distribution pipe. Water-distribution piping

within dwelling units shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform

to one of the standards listed in Table P2905.5. All

hot-water-distribution pipe and tubing shall have a minimum

pressure rating of 100 psi at 180°F (689 kPa at 82°C).

P2905.6 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation

with the piping material installed and shall comply with the

applicable standards listed in Table P2905.6. All pipe fittings

used in water supply systems shall also comply with NSF 61.

P2905.7 Flexible water connectors. Flexible water connectors,

exposed to continuous pressure, shall conform to ASME

Al12.18.6. Access shall be provided to all flexible water

connectors.

P2905.8 Joint and connection tightness. Joints and connections

in the plumbing system shall be gas tight and water tight

for the intended use or required test pressure.

P2905.9 Plastic pipe joints. Joints in plastic piping shall be

made with approved fittings by solvent cementing, heat fusion,

corrosion-resistant metal clamps with insert fittings or

compression connections. Flared joints for polyethylene pipe are

permitted in accordance with Section P2905.3.

P2905.9.1 Solvent cementing. Solvent-cemented joints shall

comply with Sections P2905.9.1.1 through P2905.9.1.3.

P2905.9.1.1 ABS plastic pipe. Solvent cement for ABS

plastic pipe conforming to ASTM D 2235 shall be

applied to all joint surfaces.

P2905.9.1.2 CPVC plastic pipe. Joint surfaces shall be

clean and free from moisture and an approved primer

shall be applied. Solvent cement for CPVC plastic pipe,

orange in color and conforming to ASTM F 493, shall be

applied to all joint surfaces. The parts shall be joined

while the cement is wet and in accordance with ASTM D

2846 or ASTM F 493. Solvent-cement joints shall be

permitted above or below ground.

Exception: A primer is not required where all of the

following conditions apply:

1. The solvent cement used is third-party certified

as conforming to ASTM F 493.

2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.

3. The solvent cement is used only for joining

1/2-inch (13 mm) through 2-inch (51 mm) diameter

CPVC pipe and fittings.

4. The CPVC pipe and fittings are manufactured

in accordance with ASTM D 2846.

P2905.9.1.3 PVC plastic pipe. A purple primer that

conforms to ASTM F 656 shall be applied to PVC solvent

cemented joints. Solvent cement for PVC plastic

pipe conforming to ASTM D 2564 shall be applied to all

joint surfaces.

P2905.9.1.4 Cross-linked polyethylene plastic (PEX).

Joints between cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing

or fittings shall comply with Section P2905.9.1.4.1 or

Section P2905.9.1.4.2.

P2905.9.1.4.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall

be made by a tool designed for that operation.

P2905.9.1.4.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints

shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions. Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene

(PEX) plastic tubing shall comply with the applicable

standards listed in Table P2905.6 and shall be installed

in accordance with the manufacturer's installation

instructions. PEX tubing shall be factory marked with

the applicable standards for the fittings that the PEX

manufacturer specifies for use with the tubing.

P2905.10 Polypropylene (PP) plastic. Joints between PP

plastic pipe and fittings shall comply with Section P2905.10.1

or P2905.10.2.

P2905.10.1 Heat-fusion joints. Heat fusion joints for

polypropylene

pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with

socket-type heat-fused polypropylene fittings, butt-fusion

polypropylene fittings or electro fusion polypropylene fittings.

Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture.

The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be

made in accordance with ASTM F 2389.

P2905.10.2 Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.

Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

CHAPTER 30

SANITARY DRAINAGE SECTION P3001 GENERAL P3001.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the

materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary

drainage systems. Plumbing materials shall conform to the

requirements of this chapter. The drainage, waste and vent

(DWV) system shall consist of all piping for conveying wastes

from plumbing fixtures, appliances and appurtenances,

including fixture traps; above-grade drainage piping; below-

grade drains within the building (building drain); below- and

above-grade venting systems; and piping to the public sewer

or private septic system.

P3001.2 Protection from freezing. No portion of the above

grade DWV system other than vent terminals shall be located

outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces, concealed in

outside walls, or in any other place subjected to freezing

temperatures unless adequate provision is made to protect

them from freezing by insulation or heat or both, except in

localities having a winter design temperature above 32°F

(O°C) (ASHRAE 97.5 percent column, winter, see Chapter 3)

.

P3001.3 Flood-resistant installation. In areas prone to

flooding

as established by Table R301.2 (1), drainage, waste and vent

systems shall be located and installed to prevent infiltration of

floodwaters into the systems and discharges from the systems

into floodwaters.

SECTION P3002 MATERIALS P3002.1 Piping within buildings. Drain, waste and vent

(DWV) piping in buildings shall be as shown in Tables

P3002.1 (1) and P3002.1 (2) except that galvanized wrought

iron or galvanized steel pipe shall not be used underground

and shall be maintained not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above

ground. Allowance shall be made for the thermal expansion

and contraction of plastic piping. P3002.2 Building sewer.

Building sewer piping shall be as shown in Table P3002.2.

Forced main sewer piping shall conform to one of the

standards for ABS plastic pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing,

PVC plastic pipe or pressure-rated pipe listed in Table

P3002.2.

P3002.3 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for

installation with the piping material installed and shall comply

with the applicable standards listed in Table P3002.3.

P3002.3.1 Drainage. Drainage fittings shall have a smooth

interior waterway of the same diameter as the piping served.

All fittings shall conform to the type of pipe used. Drainage

fittings shall have no ledges, shoulders or reductions which

can retard or obstruct drainage flow in the piping. Threaded

drainage pipe fittings shall be of the recessed drainage type,

black or galvanized. Drainage fittings shall be designed to

maintain one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal

(2-percent slope) grade.

P3002.4 Other materials. Sheet lead, lead bends, lead traps

and

sheet copper shall comply with Sections P3002.4.1 through

P3002.4.3.

P3002.4.1 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for the following uses

shall weigh not less than indicated below:

1. Flashing of vent terminals, 3 psf (15 kg/m2). 2. Prefabricated flashing for vent pipes, 21/ 2 psf (12

kg/m2) . P3002.4.2 Lead bends and traps. Lead bends and lead

traps shall not be less than 1/8-inch (3 mm) wall thickness.

P3002.4.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for the following

uses shall weigh not less than indicated below:

1. General use, 12 ounces per square feet (4 kglm2). 2. Flashing for vent pipes, 8 ounces per square feet (2.5

kg/m2). SECTION P3003 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS P3003.1 Tightness. Joints and connections in the DWV

system

shall be gas tight and water tight for the intended use or

pressure required by test.

P3003.1.1 Threaded joints, general. Pipe and fitting threads shall be tapered.

P3003.2 Prohibited joints. Running threads and bands shall

not be used in the drainage system. Drainage and vent piping

shall not be drilled, tapped, burned or welded.

The following types of joints and connections shall be

prohibited:

1. Cement or concrete.

2. Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.

3. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific

installation.

4. Joints between different diameter pipes made with

elastomeric rolling O-rings.

5. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic

pipe.

6. Saddle-type fittings.

Exception: Saddle type fittings may be used to connect the

building sewer to a public sewer.

P3003.3 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or

fittings shall comply with Sections P3003.3.1 through

P3003.3.3.

P3003.3.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage

pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming

to ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical

joints shall be installed only in underground systems unless

otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance

with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

SECTION P3008 BACKWATER VALVES P3008.1 Sewage backflow. Where the flood level rims of

plumbing fixtures are below the elevation of the manhole

cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer, the

fixtures shall be protected by a backwater valve installed in

the building drain, branch of the building drain or horizontal

branch serving such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures having flood

level rims above the elevation of the manhole cover of the

next upstream manhole in the public sewer shall not discharge

through a backwater valve.

P3008.2 Material. All bearing parts of backwater valves shall

be of corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall

comply with ASME AI12.14.1, CSA B181.1 or CSA BI81.2.

P3008.3 Seal. Backwater valves shall be constructed to

provide a mechanical seal against backflow.

P3008.4 Diameter. Backwater valves, when fully opened,

shall have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which

they are installed.

P3008.5 Location. Backwater valves shall be installed so that

access is provided to the working parts for service and repair.

CHAPTER 31

VENTS SECTION P3101 VENT SYSTEMS P3101.1 General. This chapter shall govern the selection and

installation of piping, tubing and fittings for vent systems.

This chapter shall control the minimum diameter of vent

pipes, circuit vents, branch vents and individual vents, and the

size and length of vents and various aspects of vent stacks and

stack vents. Additionally, this chapter regulates vent grades

and connections, height above fixtures and relief vents for

stacks and fixture traps, and the venting of sumps and sewers

.

P3101.2 Trap seal protection. The plumbing system shall be

provided with a system of vent piping that will permit the

admission or emission of air so that the seal of any fixture trap

shall not be subjected to a pneumatic pressure differential of

more than 1 inch of water column (249 Pa).

P3101.2.1 Venting required. Every trap and trapped fixture

shall be vented in accordance with one of the venting

methods specified in this chapter.

P3101.3 Use limitations. The plumbing vent system shall not

be used for purposes other than the venting of the plumbing

system.

P3101.4 Extension outside a structure. In climates where the

97.5-percent value for outside design temperature is 0 F

(-18°C) or less (ASHRAE 97.5-percent column, winter, see

Chapter 3), vent pipes installed on the exterior of the structure

shall be protected against freezing by insulation, heat or both.

Vent terminals shall be protected from frost closure in

accordance with Section P3103.2.

P3101.5 Flood resistance. In areas prone to flooding as

established by Table R301.2(1), vents shall be located at or

above the elevation required in Section R322.1 (flood hazard

areas including A Zones) or R322.2 (coastal high-hazard areas

including V Zones) .

SECTION P3102 VENT STACKS AND STACK VENTS P3102.1 Required vent extension. The vent system serving

each building drain shall have at least one vent pipe that

extends to the outdoors.

P3102.2 Installation. The required vent shall be a dry vent

that

connects to the building drain or an extension of a drain that

connects to the building drain. Such vent shall not be an island

fixture vent as permitted by Section P3112.

P3102.3 Size. The required vent shall be sized in accordance

with Section P3113.1 based on the required size of the

building drain.

SECTION P3103 VENT TERMINALS

P3103.1 Roof extension. Open vent pipes that extend through

a roof shall be terminated at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the

roof or 6 inches (152 mm) above the anticipated snow

accumulation, whichever is greater, except that where a roof is

to be used for any purpose other than weather protection, the

vent extension shall be run at least 7 feet (2134 mm) above the

roof.

P3103.2 Frost closure. Where the 97.5-percent value for

outside design temperature is 0 F (-18°C) or less, every vent

extension through a roof or wall shall be a minimum of 3

inches (76 mm) in diameter. Any increase in the size of the

vent shall be made inside the structure a minimum of 1 foot

(305 mm) below the roof or inside the wall.

P3103.3 Flashings and sealing. The juncture of each vent

pipe

with the roof line shall be made water tight by an approved

flashing. Vent extensions in walls and soffits shall be made

weather tight by caulking.

P3103.4 Prohibited use. Vent terminals shall not be used as a

flag pole or to support flag poles, TV aerials, or similar items.

except when the piping has been anchored in an approved

manner.

P3103.5 Location of vent terminal. An open vent terminal

from a drainage system shall not be located less than 4 feet

(1219 mm) directly beneath any door, openable window, or

other air intake opening of the building or of an adjacent

building, nor shall any such vent terminal be within 10 feet

(3048 mm) horizontally of such an opening unless it is at least

2 feet (610 mm) above the top of such opening.

P3103.6 Extension through the wall. Vent terminals

extending

through the wall shall terminate a minimum of 10 feet

(3048 mm) from the lot line and 10 feet (3048 mm) above the

highest adjacent grade within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally

of the vent terminal. Vent terminals shall not terminate under

the overhang of a structure with soffit vents. Side wall vent

terminals shall be protected to prevent birds or rodents from

entering or blocking the vent opening.

SECTION P3104 VENT CONNECTIONS AND GRADES 3104.1 Connection. All individual branch and circuit vents

shall connect to a vent stack, stack vent or extend to the open

air.

Exception: Individual, branch and circuit vents shall be

permitted to terminate at an air admittance valve in

accordance with Section P3114.

P3104.2 Grade. Vent and branch vent pipes shall be graded,

connected and supported to allow moisture and condensate to

drain back to the soil or waste pipe by gravity.

SECTION E3402 BUILDING STRUCTURE PROTECTION E3402.1 Drilling and notching. Wood-framed structural

members shall not be drilled, notched or altered in any manner

except as provided for in this code.

E3402.2 Penetrations of fire-resistance-rated assemblies.

Electrical installations in hollow spaces, vertical shafts and

ventilation or air-handling ducts shall be made so that the possible

spread of fire or products of combustion will not be substantially

increased. Electrical penetrations through fire-resistance-rated

walls, partitions, floors or ceilings shall be protected by approved

methods to maintain the fire-resistance rating of the element

penetrated. Penetrations of fire resistance rated walls shall be

limited as specified in Section R302.4.1. R317.3.

E3402.3 Penetrations of firestops and draftstops. Penetrations

through fire blocking and draftstopping shall be protected

in an approved manner to maintain the integrity of the element

penetrated.

SECTION E3403 INSPECTION AND APPROVAL E3403.1 Approval. Electrical materials, components and

equipment shall be approved.

E3403.2 Inspection required. New electrical work and parts

of existing systems affected by new work or alterations shall be

inspected by the building official to ensure compliance with the

requirements of Chapters 34 through 43.

E3403.3 Listing and labeling. Electrical materials, components,

devices, fixtures and equipment shall be listed for the application,

in accordance with NFPA 70 shall bear the label of an approved

agency and shall be installed, and used, or both, in accordance

with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

SECTION E3404 GENERAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS E3404.1 Voltages. Throughout Chapters 34 through 43, the

voltage considered shall be that at which the circuit operates.

E3404.2 Interrupting rating. Equipment intended to interrupt

current at fault levels shall have a minimum interrupting

rating of 10,000 amperes. Equipment intended to interrupt current

at levels other than fault levels shall have an interrupting rating at

nominal circuit voltage sufficient for the current that must be

interrupted.

E3404.3 Circuit characteristics. The over current protective

devices, total impedance, component short-circuit current ratings

and other characteristics of the circuit to be protected shall be so

selected and coordinated as to permit the circuit protective

devices that are used to clear a fault to do so without extensive

damage to the electrical components of the circuit. This fault shall

be assumed to be either between two or more of the circuit

conductors or between any circuit conductor and the grounding

conductor or enclosing metal raceway. Listed products applied in

accordance with their listing shall be considered to meet the

requirements of this section.

E3404.4 Enclosure types. Enclosures, other than surrounding

fences or walls, of panel boards, meter sockets, and motor

controllers, rated not over 600 volts nominal and intended for

such locations, shall be marked with an enclosure-type number as

shown in Table E3404.4. Table E3404.4 shall be used for

selecting these enclosures for use in specific locations other than

hazardous (classified) locations. The enclosures are not intended

to protect against conditions such as condensation, icing,

corrosion, or contamination that might occur within the enclosure

or enter through the conduit or unsealed openings.

E3404.5 Protection of equipment. Equipment not identified

for outdoor use and equipment identified only for indoor use,

such as "dry locations," "indoor use only" "damp locations," or

enclosure Type 1, 2, 5, 12, 12K and/or 13, shall be protected

against permanent damage from the weather during building

construction.

E3404.6 Unused openings. Unused openings, other than those

intended for the operation of equipment, those intended for the

operation of equipment, those intended for mounting purposes,

and those permitted as part of the design for listed equipment,

shall be closed to afford protection substantially equivalent to the

wall of the equipment. Where metallic plugs or plates are used

with nonmetallic enclosures they shall be recessed at least 1/4

inch (6.4 mm) from the outer surface of the enclosure.

E3404.7 Integrity of electrical equipment. Internal parts of

electrical equipment, including busbars, wiring terminals,

insulators and other surfaces, shall not be damaged or

contaminated by foreign materials such as paint, plaster, cleaners

or abrasives, and corrosive residues. There shall not be any

damaged parts that might adversely affect safe operation or

mechanical strength of the equipment such as parts that are

broken; bent; cut; deteriorated by corrosion, chemical action, or

overheating. Foreign debris shall be removed from equipment.

E3404.8 Mounting. Electrical equipment shall be firmly

secured to the surface on which it is mounted. Wooden plugs

driven into masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar materials shall

not be used.

E3404.9 Energized parts guarded against accidental contact.

Approved enclosures shall guard energized parts that are

operating at 50 volts or more against accidental contact.

E3404.10 Prevent physical damage. In locations where

electrical equipment is likely to be exposed to physical damage,

enclosures or guards shall be so arranged and of such strength as

to prevent such damage.

E3404.11 Equipment identification. The manufacturer's

name, trademark or other descriptive marking by which the

organization responsible for the product can be identified shall

be placed on all electric equipment. Other markings shall be

provided that indicate voltage, current, wattage or other ratings as

specified elsewhere in Chapters 34 through 43. The marking shall

have the durability to withstand the environment involved.

E3404.12 Identification of disconnecting means. Each

disconnecting means shall be legibly marked to indicate its

purpose, except where located and arranged so that the purpose is

evident. The marking shall have the durability to withstand the

environment involved.

SECTION E3405 EQUIPMENT LOCATION AND CLEARANCES E3405.1 Working space and clearances. Sufficient access

and working space shall be provided and maintained around all

electrical equipment to permit ready and safe operation and

maintenance of such equipment in accordance with this section

and Figure E3405.1.

E3405.2 Working clearances for energized equipment and

panelboards. Except as otherwise specified in Chapters 34

through 43, the dimension of the working space in the direction of

access to panelboards and live parts likely to require examination,

adjustment, servicing or maintenance while energized shall be not

less than 36 inches (914 mm) in depth. Distances shall be

measured from the energized parts where such parts are exposed

or from the enclosure front or opening where such parts are

enclosed. In addition to the 36-inch dimension (914 mm), the

work space shall not be less than 30 inches (762 mm) wide in

front of the electrical equipment and not less than the width of

such equipment. The work space shall be clear and shall extend

from the floor or platform to a height of 6.5 feet (1981 mm). In all

cases, the work space shall allow at least a 90-degree (1.57 rad)

opening of equipment doors or hinged panels. Equipment

associated with the electrical installation located above or below

the electrical equipment shall be permitted to extend not more

than 6 inches (152 mm) beyond the front of the electrical

equipment.

E3405.3 Dedicated panelboard space. The space equal to the

width and depth of the panelboard and extending from the floor to

a height of 6 feet (1829 mm) above the panelboard, or to the

structural ceiling, whichever is lower, shall be dedicated to the

electrical installation. Piping, ducts, leak protection apparatus and

other equipment foreign to the electrical installation shall not be

installed in such dedicated space. The area above the dedicated

space shall be permitted to contain foreign systems, provided that

protection is installed to avoid damage to the electrical equipment

from condensation, leaks and breaks in such foreign systems (see

Figure E3405.1).

Exception: Suspended ceilings with removable panels

shall be permitted within the 6-foot (1829 mm) dedicated

space.

E3405.4 Location of working spaces and equipment.

Required working space shall not be designated for storage.

Panelboards and overcurrent protection devices shall not be

located in clothes closets, in bathrooms, or over the steps of a

stairway.

E3405.5 Access and entrance to working space. Access shall

be provided to the required working space.

E3405.6 Illumination. Artificial illumination shall be provided

for all working spaces for service equipment and panelboards

installed indoors.

E3405.7 Headroom. The minimum headroom for working

spaces for service equipment and panelboards shall be 6.5 feet

(1981 mm). SECTION E3406

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS E3406.1 General. This section provides general requirements

for conductors, connections and splices. These requirements

do not apply to conductors that form an integral part of

equipment, such as motors, appliances and similar equipment, or

to conductors specifically provided for elsewhere in Chapters 34

through 43.

E3406.2 Conductor material. Conductors used to conduct

current shall be of copper except as otherwise provided in

Chapters 34 through 43. Where the conductor material is not

specified, the material and the sizes given in these chapters

shall apply to copper conductors. Where other materials are

used, the conductor sizes shall be changed accordingly. The use

of aluminum conductors shall be prohibited except for exterior

uses and for underground service feeder for manufactured homes.

E3406.3 Minimum size of conductors. The minimum size of

conductors for feeders and branch circuits shall be 14 AWG

copper and 12 AWG aluminum. The minimum size of service

conductors shall be as specified in Chapter 36. The minimum

size of Class 2 remote control, signaling and power-limited

circuits conductors shall be as specified in Chapter 43.

E3406.4 Stranded conductors. Where installed in raceways,

conductors of size 8 AWG and larger shall be stranded. A solid 8

AWG conductor shall be permitted to be installed in a raceway

only to meet the requirements of Sections E3610.2 and E4204.

E3406.5 Individual conductor insulation. Except where

otherwise permitted in Sections E3605.1 and E3908.9, and

E4303, current-carrying conductors shall be insulated. Insulated

conductors shall have insulation types identified as RHH, RHW,

RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW-2, THWN, THWN-2, TW,

UF, USE, USE-2, XHHW or XHHW-2. Insulation types shall be

approved for the application.

E3406.6 Conductors in parallel. Circuit conductors that are

connected in parallel shall be limited to sizes 1/0 AWG and

larger. Conductors in parallel shall be of the same length, same

conductor material, same circular mil area and same insulation

type. Conductors in parallel shall be terminated in the same

manner. Where run in separate raceways or cables, the raceway or

cables shall have the same physical characteristics. Where

conductors are in separate raceways or cables, the same number

of conductors shall be used in each raceway or cable.

E3406.7 Conductors of the same circuit. All conductors of

the same circuit and, where used, the grounded conductor and

all equipment grounding conductors and bonding conductors

shall be contained within the same raceway, cable or cord.

E3406.8 Aluminum and copper connections. Terminals and

splicing connectors shall be identified for the material of the

conductors joined. Conductors of dissimilar metals shall not be

joined in a terminal or splicing connector where physical contact

occurs between dissimilar conductors such as copper and

aluminum, copper and copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum and

copper-clad aluminum, except where the device is listed for the

purpose and conditions of application. Materials such as

inhibitors and compounds shall be suitable for the application and

shall be of a type that will not adversely affect the conductors,

installation or equipment.

CHAPTER 36 SERVICES SECTION E3601

GENERAL SERVICES E3601.1 Scope. This chapter covers service conductors and

equipment for the control and protection of services and their

installation requirements.

E3601.2 Number of services. One- and two-family dwellings

shall be supplied by only one service.

E3601.3 One building or other structure not to be supplied

through another. Service conductors supplying a building or

other structure shall not pass through the interior of another

building or other structure.

E3601.4 Other conductors in raceway or cable. Conductors

other than service conductors shall not be installed in the same

service raceway or service cable.

Exceptions:

1. Grounding conductors and bonding jumpers.

2. Load management control conductors having overcurrent

protection.

E3601.5 Raceway seal. Where a service raceway enters from

an underground distribution system, it shall be sealed in

accordance with Section E3803.6.

E3601.6 Service disconnect required. Means shall be provided

to disconnect all conductors in a building or other structure

from the service entrance conductors.

E3601.6.1 Marking of service equipment and disconnects.

Service disconnects shall be permanently marked as a service

disconnect. Service equipment shall be listed for the purpose.

Individual meter socket enclosures shall not be considered service

equipment.

E3601.6.2 Service disconnect location. The service

disconnecting

means shall be installed at a readily accessible location either

outside of a building or inside nearest the point of entrance of the

service conductors. Service disconnecting means shall not be

installed in bathrooms. Each occupant shall have access to the

disconnect serving the dwelling unit in which they reside. The

distance from the point of a building or structure to the service

disconnecting equipment enclosure shall not exceed 24 inches

measured horizontally or 60 inches measured vertically.

E3601.7 Maximum number of disconnects. The service

disconnecting means shall consist of not more than six switches

or six circuit breakers mounted in a single enclosure or in a group

of separate enclosures.

SECTION E3602 SERVICE SIZE AND RATING E3602.1 Ampacity of ungrounded conductors. Ungrounded

service conductors shall have an ampacity of not less than the

load served. For one-family dwellings, the ampacity of the

ungrounded conductors shall be not less than 100 amperes, 3

wire. For all other installations, the ampacity of the

ungrounded conductors shall be not less than 60 amperes.

E3602.2 Service load. The minimum load for ungrounded

serviceconductors and service devices that serve 100 percent of

the dwelling unit load shall be computed in accordance with

Table E3602.2. Ungrounded service conductors and service

devices that serve less than 100 percent of the dwelling unit load

shall be computed as required for feeders in accordance with

Chapter

37.

CHAPTER 37

BRANCH CIRCUIT AND FEEDER REQUIREMENTS SECTION E3701 GENERAL E3701.1 Scope. This chapter covers branch circuits and feeders

and specifies the minimum required branch circuits, the allowable

loads and the required overcurrent protection for

branch circuits and feeders that serve less than 100 percent of

the total dwelling unit load. Feeder circuits that serve 100 percent

of the dwelling unit load shall be sized in accordance with the

procedures in Chapter 36.

E3701.2 Branch-circuit and feeder ampacity. Branch-circuit

and feeder conductors shall have ampacities not less than

the maximum load to be served. Where a branch circuit or a

feeder supplies continuous loads or any combination of

continuous and noncontinuous loads, the minimum branch-circuit

or feeder conductor size, before the application of any adjustment

or correction factors, shall have an allowable ampacity equal to or

greater than the noncontinuous load plus 125 percent of the

continuous load.

Exception: The grounded conductors of branch circuits

and feeders that are not connected to an overcurrent device

shall be permitted to be sized at 100 percent of the continu0us

and noncontinuous load.

E3701.3 Selection of ampacity. Where more than one calculated

or tabulated ampacity could apply for a given circuit length, the

lowest value shall be used.

Exception: Where two different ampacities apply to adjacent

portions of a circuit, the higher ampacity shall be permitted

to be used beyond the point of transition, a distance

equal to 10 feet (3048 mm) or 10 percent of the circuit

length figured at the higher ampacity, whichever is less.

E3701.4 Multi-outlet branch circuits. Conductors of

multi-outlet branch circuits supplying more than one receptacle

for cord-and-plug-connected portable loads shall have ampacities

of not less than the rating of the branch circuit.

E3701.5 Multiwire branch circuits. All conductors for

multiwire branch circuits shall originate from the same

panelboard or similar distribution equipment. Except where all

ungrounded conductors are opened simultaneously by the

branch-circuit overcurrent device, multiwire branch circuits

shall supply only line-to-neutral loads or only one appliance.

E3701.5.1 Disconnecting means. Each multiwire branch

circuit shall be provided with a means that will simultaneously

disconnect all ungrounded conductors at the point where the

branch circuit originates.

E3701.5.2 Grouping. The ungrounded and grounded conductors

of each multiwire branch circuit shall be grouped by wire ties or

similar means in at least one location within the

panelboard or other point of origination

Exception: Grouping shall not be required where the circuit

conductors enter from a cable or raceway unique to

the circuit, thereby making the grouping obvious.

SECTION E3702 BRANCH CIRCUIT RATINGS

E3702.1 Branch-circuit voltage limitations. The voltage ratings

of branch circuits that supply luminaires or receptacles for cord-

and-plug-connected loads of up to 1,400 volt-amperes or of less

than 114 horsepower shall be limited to a maximum rating of 120

volts, nominal, between conductors. Branch circuits that supply

cord-and-plug-connected or permanently

connected utilization equipment and appliances rated at over

1,440 volt-amperes or 1/4 horsepower (0.186 kW) and greater

shall be rated at 120 volts or 240 volts, nominal.

E3702.2 Branch-circuit ampere rating. Branch circuits shall

be rated in accordance with the maximum allowable ampere

rating or setting of the overcurrent protection device. The rating

for other than individual branch circuits shall be 15, 20, 30, 40

and 50 amperes. Where conductors of higher ampacity are used,

the ampere rating or setting of the specified over-current device

shall determine the circuit rating.

E3702.3 Fifteen- and 20-ampere branch circuits. A 15- or

20-ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply lighting

units, or other utilization equipment, or a combination of both.

The rating of anyone cord-and-plug-connected utilization

equipment not fastened in place shall not exceed 80 percent of

the branch-circuit ampere rating. The total rating of utilization

equipment fastened in place, other than luminaires, shall not

exceed 50 percent of the branch-circuit ampere rating where

lighting units, cord-and-plug-connected utilization equipment

not fastened in place, or both, are also supplied. Dwelling unit

receptacle outlets installed in accordance with E3901.1 and

lighting outlets installed in accordance with E3903.1 shall be

limited to a maximum of 14 for 20 ampere and a maximum of 10

for 15 ampere branch circuits. Kitchen receptacle outlets installed

in accordance with E3901.3.2 and E3901.4 shall not exceed 5.

E3702.4 Thirty-ampere branch circuits. A 30-ampere

branch circuit shall be permitted to supply fixed utilization

equipment. A rating of anyone cord-and-plug-connected

utilization equipment shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch-

circuit ampere rating.

E3702.5 Branch circuits serving multiple loads or outlets.

General-purpose branch circuits shall supply lighting outlets,

appliances, equipment or receptacle outlets, and combinations

of such. Multi-outlet branch circuits serving lighting or

receptacles shall be limited to a maximum branch-circuit rating of

20 amperes.

E3702.6 Branch circuits serving a single motor. Branch-circuit

conductors supplying a single motor shall have an ampacity not

less than 125 percent of the motor full-load current rating.

E3702.7 Branch circuits serving motor-operated and

combination loads. For circuits supplying loads consisting of

motor-operated utilization equipment that is fastened in place

and that has a motor larger than 1/8 horsepower (0.093 kW) in

combination with other loads, the total calculated load shall be

based on 125 percent of the largest motor load plus the sum of

the other loads.

E3702.8 Branch-circuit inductive lighting loads. For circuits

supplying luminaires having ballasts, the calculated load shall

above the countertop, such as in an overhead cabinet. Receptacles

mounted below the countertop in accordance with this exception

shall not be located where the countertop extends more than 6

inches (152 mm) beyond its support base.

E3901.5 Appliance receptacle outlets. Appliance receptacle

outlets installed for specific appliances, such as laundry

equipment, shall be installed within 6 feet (1829 mm) of the

intended location of the appliance.

E3901.6 Bathroom. At least one wall receptacle outlet shall be

installed in bathrooms and such outlet shall be located within

36 inches (914 mm) of the outside edge of each lavatory basin.

The receptacle outlet shall be located on a wall or partition that is

adjacent to the lavatory basin location, or installed on the side or

face of the basin cabinet not more than 12 inches (305 mm) below

the countertop. Receptacle outlets shall not be installed in a face-

up position in the work surfaces or countertops in a bathroom

basin location.

E3901.7 Outdoor outlets. At least one receptacle outlet that is

accessible while standing at grade level and located not more than

6 feet, 6 inches (1981 mm) above grade, shall be installed

outdoors at the front and back of each dwelling unit having direct

access to grade. Balconies, decks, and porches that are accessible

from inside of the dwelling unit and that have a usable area of 20

square feet (1.86 m2) or greater shall have at least one receptacle

outlet installed within the perimeter of the balcony, deck, or

porch. The receptacle shall be located not more than 6 feet, 6

inches (1981 mm) above the balcony, deck, or porch surface.

E3901.8 Laundry areas. At least one receptacle outlet shall be

installed to serve laundry appliances.

E3901.9 Basements and garages. At least one receptacle outlet,

in addition to any provided for specific equipment, shall be

installed in each basement and in each attached garage, and in

each detached garage that is provided with electrical power.

Where a portion of the basement is finished into one or more

habitable room(s), each separate unfinished portion shall have a

receptacle outlet installed in accordance with this section.

E3901.10 Hallways. Hallways of 10 feet (3048 mm) or more

in length shall have at least one receptacle outlet. The hall

length shall be considered the length measured along the

centerline of the hall without passing through a doorway.

E3901.11 HVAC outlet. A 125-volt, single-phase, 15- or

20-ampere-rated receptacle outlet shall be installed at an

accessible location for the servicing of heating, air conditioning

and refrigeration equipment. The receptacle shall be located on

the same level and within 25 feet (7620 mm) of the heating, air-

conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The receptacle outlet

shall not be connected to the load side of the HVAC equipment

disconnecting means.

Exception: A receptacle outlet shall not be required for the

servicing of evaporative coolers.

POWER AND LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION SECTION E3902 GROUND-FAULT AND ARC-FAULT CIRCUIT-INTERRUPTER PROTECTION E3902.1 Bathroom receptacles. All 125-volt, single-phase,

15- and 20-ampere receptacles installed in bathrooms shall

have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

E3902.2 Garage and accessory building receptacles. All

125-volt, single-phase, 15- or 20-ampere receptacles installed

in garages and grade-level portions of unfinished accessory

buildings used for storage or work areas shall have ground fault

circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

E3902.3 Outdoor receptacles. All 125-volt, single-phase, 15-and

20-ampere receptacles installed outdoors shall have ground-fault

circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

Exception: Receptacles as covered in Section E4101.7 as well as,

exterior receptacles for outside holiday lighting so long as the

minimum height above adjoining ground area is 7 feet.

E3902.4 Crawl space receptacles. Where a crawl space is at

or below grade level, all 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and

20-ampere receptacles installed in such spaces shall have

ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

E3902.5 Unfinished basement receptacles. All 125-volt, single-

phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles installed in unfinished

basements shall have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection

for personnel. For purposes of this section, unfinished basements

are defined as portions or areas of the basement not intended as

habitable rooms and limited to storage areas, work areas, and the

like.

Exception: A receptacle supplying only a permanently

installed fire alarm or burglar alarm system.

E3902.6 Kitchen receptacles. All 125-volt, single-phase, 15-

and 20-ampere receptacles that serve countertop surfaces shall

have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

E3902.7 Laundry, utility, and bar sink receptacles. All

125-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles that

are located within 6 feet (1829 mm) of the outside edge of a

laundry, utility or wet bar sink shall have ground-fault circuit-

interrupter protection for personnel. Receptacle outlets

shall not be installed in a face-up position in the work surfaces

or countertops.

Exception: A single receptacle or duplex receptacle for two

appliances located within dedicated space for each appliance that

in normal use is not easily moved from one place to another, and

that is cord and plug connected.

E3902.8 Boathouse receptacles. All 125-volt, single-phase,

15- or 20-ampere receptacles installed in boathouses shall have

ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

E3902.9 Boat hoists. Ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection

for personnel shall be provided for 240-volt and less outlets that

supply boat hoists.

E3902.10 Electrically heated floors. Ground-fault circuit-

interrupter protection for personnel shall be provided for

electrically heated floors in bathrooms, and in hydromassage

bathtub, spa and hot tub locations.

E3902.11 Arc-fault circuit-interrupter protection. All branch

circuits that supply 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere

outlets installed in family rooms, dining rooms, living rooms,

parlors, libraries, dens, bedrooms, sunrooms, recreations

rooms, closets, hallways and similar rooms or areas shall

accumulating within the cabinet, and shall be mounted to provide

an airspace not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) between the

enclosure and the wall or other supporting surface. Cabinets

installed in wet locations shall be weatherproof. For enclosures

in wet locations, raceways and cables entering above the level

of uninsulated live parts shall be installed with fittings listed for

wet locations.

E3907.3 Position in wall. In walls of concrete, tile or other

noncombustible material, cabinets and panelboards shall be

installed so that the front edge of the cabinet will not set back

of the finished surface more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm). In walls

constructed of wood or other combustible material, cabinets

shall be flush with the finished surface or shall project there from.

E3907.4 Repairing noncombustible surfaces. Non-combustible

surfaces that are broken or incomplete shall be repaired so

that there will not be gaps or open spaces greater than 1/8 inch

(3.2 mm) at the edge of the cabinet or cutout box employing a

flush-type cover.

E3907.5 Unused openings. Unused openings, other than those

intended for the operation of equipment, those intended for

mounting purposes, and those permitted as part of the design

for listed equipment, shall be closed to afford protection

substantially equivalent to that of the wall of the equipment.

Metal plugs and plates used with nonmetallic cabinets shall be

recessed at least 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) from the outer surface.

Unused openings for circuit breakers and switches shall be

closed using identified closures, or other approved means that

provide protection substantially equivalent to the wall of the

enclosure.

E3907.6 Conductors entering cabinets. Conductors entering

cabinets and panelboards shall be protected from abrasion and

shall comply with Section E3906.1.1

.

E3907.7 Openings to be closed. Openings through which

conductors enter cabinets, panelboards and meter sockets shall

be adequately closed.

E3907.8 Cables. Where cables are used, each cable shall be

secured to the cabinet, panelboard, cutout box, or meter socket

enclosure.

Exception: Cables with entirely nonmetallic sheaths shall

be permitted to enter the top of a surface-mounted enclosure

through one or more sections of rigid raceway not less than

18 inches (457 mm) nor more than 10 feet (3048 mm) in

length, provided all the following conditions are met:

1. Each cable is fastened within 12 inches (305 mm),

measured along the sheath, of the outer end of the

raceway.

2. The raceway extends directly above the enclosure and

does not penetrate a structural ceiling.

3. A fitting is provided on each end of the raceway to

protect the cable(s) from abrasion and the fittings

remain accessible after installation.

4. The raceway is sealed or plugged at the outer end

using approved means so as to prevent access to the

enclosure through the raceway.

700 5. The cable sheath is continuous through the raceway

and extends into the enclosure beyond the fitting not

less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm).

6. The raceway is fastened at its outer end and at other

points in accordance with Section E3802.1.

7. The allowable cable fill shall not exceed that permitted

by Table E3907.8. A multiconductor cable having

two or more conductors shall be treated as a single

conductor for calculating the percentage of conduit

fill area. For cables that have elliptical cross sections,

the cross-sectional area calculation shall be based on

the major diameter of the ellipse as a circle diameter.

E3907.9 Mounting Height. Enclosures for switches or

overcurrent devices shall be installed so the bottom of the

enclosure is not less than 600 mm (2 feet) above finish grade or

working platform unless specifically listed or approved for an

alternate mounting height.

SECTION E3908 GROUNDING

E3908.1 Metal enclosures. Metal enclosures of conductors,

devices and equipment shall be connected to the equipment

grounding conductor.

Exceptions:

1. Short sections of metal enclosures or raceways used

to provide cable assemblies with support or protection

against physical damage.

2. A metal elbow that is installed in an underground

installation of rigid nonmetallic conduit and is isolated

from possible contact by a minimum cover of 18

inches (457 mm) to any part of the elbow or that is

encased in not less than 2 inches (51 mm) of concrete.

E3908.2 Equipment fastened in place or connected by

permanent

wiring methods (fixed). Exposed noncurrent- carrying

metal parts of fixed equipment likely to become energized shall

be connected to the equipment grounding conductor where any

of the following conditions apply:

1. Where within 8 feet (2438 mm) vertically or 5 feet (1524

mm) horizontally of earth or grounded metal objects and

subject to contact by persons;

2. Where located in a wet or damp location and not isolated;

or

3. Where in electrical contact with metal.

E3908.3 Specific equipment fastened in place or connected by

permanent wiring methods. Exposed noncurrent-carrying

metal parts of the following equipment and enclosures shall

be connected to the equipment grounding conductor:

1. Luminaires as provided in Chapter 40.

nonconducting, noncombustible material or shall

be protected by a ground-fault circuit interrupter.

E4001.12 Dimmer switches. General-use dimmer switches

shall be used only to control permanently installed incandescent

luminaires (lighting fixtures) except where listed for the

control of other loads and installed accordingly.

E4001.13 Multipole snap switches. A multipole, general-use

snap switch shall not be fed from more than a single circuit

unless it is listed and marked as a two-circuit or three-circuit

switch, or unless its voltage rating is not less than the nominal

line-to-line voltage of the system supplying the circuits.

SECTION E4002 RECEPTACLES E4002.1 Rating and type. Receptacles and cord connectors

shall be rated at not less than 15 amperes, 125 volts, or 15

amperes, 250 volts, and shall not be a lampholder type.

Receptacles shall be rated in accordance with this section.

E4002.1.1 Single receptacle. A single receptacle installed

on an individual branch circuit shall have an ampere rating

not less than that of the branch circuit.

E4002.1.2 Two or more receptacles. Where connected to a

branch circuit supplying two or more receptacles or outlets,

receptacles shall conform to the values listed in Table E4002.1.2.

E4002.2 Grounding type. Receptacles installed on 15- and

20-ampere-rated branch circuits shall be of the grounding type.

E4002.3 CO/ALR receptacles. Receptacles rated at 20

amperes or less and directly connected to aluminum conductors

shall be marked COlALR.

E4002.4 Faceplates. Metal face plates shall be grounded.

E4002.5 Position of receptacle faces. After installation,

receptacle faces shall be flush with or project from face plates

of insulating material and shall project a minimum of 0.015

inch (0.381 mm) from metal face plates. Faceplates shall be

installed so as to completely cover the opening and seat against

the mounting surface.

Exception: Listed kits or assemblies encompassing receptacles

and nonmetallic faceplates that cover the receptacle face, where

the plate cannot be installed on any other receptacle, shall be

permitted.

E4002.6 Receptacle mounted in boxes. Receptacles mounted

in boxes that are set back from the finished wall surface as

permitted by Section E3906.5 shall be installed so that the

mounting yoke or strap of the receptacle is held rigidly at the

finished surface of the wall. Receptacles mounted in boxes that

are flush with the wall surface or project there from shall be so

installed that the mounting yoke or strap is seated against the box

or raised cover.

E4002.7 Receptacles mounted on covers. Receptacles

mounted to and supported by a cover shall be held rigidly

against the cover by more than one screw or shall be a device

assembly or box cover listed and identified for securing by a

single screw.

E4002.8 Damp locations. A receptacle installed outdoors in a

location protected from the weather or in other damp locations

shall have an enclosure for the receptacle that is weatherproof

when the receptacle cover(s) is closed and an attachment plug

cap is not inserted. An installation suitable for wet locations

shall also be considered suitable for damp locations. A receptacle

shall be considered to be in a location protected from the

weather where located under roofed open porches, canopies

and similar structures and not subject to rain or water runoff.

Fifteen- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt nonlocking receptacles

installed in damp locations shall be listed a weather-resistant type.

E4002.9 Fifteen- and 20-ampere receptacles in wet locations.

Where installed in a wet location, 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and

250-volt receptacles shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof

whether or not the attachment plug cap is inserted. Fifteen- and

20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt nonlocking receptacles installed

in wet locations shall be a listed weather-resistant type.

E4002.10 Other receptacles in wet locations. Where a

receptacle

other than a 15- or 20-amp, 125- or 250-volt receptacle is

installed in a wet location and where the product intended to be

plugged into it is not attended while in use, the receptacle shall

have an enclosure that is weatherproof both when the attachment

plug cap is inserted and when it is removed. Where such

receptacle is installed in a wet location and where the product

intended to be plugged into it will be attended while in use, the

receptacle shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof when

the attachment plug cap is removed.

E4002.11 Bathtub and shower space. A receptacle shall not

be installed within or directly over a bathtub or shower stall.

E4002.12 Flush mounting with faceplate. In damp or wet

locations, the enclosure for a receptacle installed in an outlet

box flush-mounted in a finished surface shall be made

weatherproof by means of a weatherproof faceplate assembly that

provides a water-tight connection between the plate and the

finished surface.

E4002.13 Exposed terminals. Receptacles shall be enclosed

so that live wiring terminals are not exposed to contact.

E4002.14 Tamper-resistant receptacles. In areas specified in

Section E3901.1, 125-volt, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles

shall be listed tamper-resistant receptacles.

Exception: Receptacles in the following locations shall not be

required to be tamper-resistant:

(1) Receptacles located more than 5 1/2 feet (1.7m) above the floor.

(2) Receptacles that are part of a luminaire or appliance.

(3)A single receptacle or a duplex receptacle for two appliances

located within dedicated space for each appliance that, in normal use,

is not easily moved from one place to another and that is cord-and-

plug connected.

(4) Non-grounding receptacles used for replacement.

mitted in the same enclosure. Ground-fault circuit interrupters

shall be permitted in a panelboard that contains circuits protected

by other than ground-fault circuit interrupters.

E4206.4 Underwater luminaires. The design of an underwater

luminaire supplied from a branch circuit either directly or

by way of a transformer meeting the requirements of Section

E4206.1, shall be such that, where the fixture is properly

installed without a ground-fault circuit-interrupter, there is no

shock hazard with any likely combination of fault conditions

during normal use (not relamping). In addition, a ground-fault

circuit-interrupter shall be installed in the branch circuit

supplying luminaires operating at more than 15 volts, so that there

is no shock hazard during relamping. The installation of the

ground-fault circuit-interrupter shall be such that there is no

shock hazard with any likely fault-condition combination that

involves a person in a conductive path from any ungrounded

part of the branch circuit or the luminaire to ground. Compliance

with this requirement shall be obtained by the use of a

listed underwater luminaire and by installation of a listed

ground-fault circuit-interrupter in the branch circuit.

Luminaires that depend on submersion for safe operation shall

be inherently protected against the hazards of overheating

when not submerged.

E4206.4.1 Maximum voltage. Luminaires shall not be

installed for operation on supply circuits over 150 volts

between conductors.

E4206.4.2 Luminaire location. Luminaires mounted in

walls shall be installed with the top of the fixture lens not

less than 18 inches (457 mm) below the normal water level

of the pool, except where the luminaire is listed and identified

for use at a depth of not less than 4 inches (102 mm)

below the normal water level of the pool. A luminaire facing

upward shall have the lens adequately guarded to prevent

contact by any person or shall be listed for use without a

guard.

E4206.5 Wet-niche luminaires. Forming shells shall be

installed for the mounting of all wet-niche underwater

luminaires and shall be equipped with provisions for conduit

entries. Conduit shall extend from the forming shell to a suitable

junction box or other enclosure located as provided in Section

E4206.9. Metal parts of the luminaire and forming shell in

contact with the pool water shall be of brass or other approved

corrosion-resistant metal. The end of flexible-cord jackets and

flexible-cord conductor terminations within a luminaire shall be

covered with, or encapsulated in, a suitable potting compound to

prevent the entry of water into the luminaire through the cord or

its conductors. In addition, the grounding connection within a

luminaire shall be similarly treated to protect such connection

from the deteriorating effect of pool water in the event of water

entry into the luminaire. Luminaires shall be bonded to and

secured to the forming shell by a positive locking device that

ensures a low-resistance contact and requires a tool to remove the

luminaire from the forming shell.

E4206.5.1 Servicing. All wet-niche luminaires shall be

removable from the water for inspection, relamping, or other

maintenance unless otherwise approved, the maximum distance

from the deck surface to the bottom of the luminaire face shall not

exceed 24 inches. The forming shell location and length of cord

in

the forming shell shall permit personnel to place the removed

luminaire on the deck or other dry location for such maintenance.

The luminaire maintenance location shall be accessible

without entering or going into the pool water.

E4206.6 Dry-niche luminaires. Dry-niche luminaires shall be

provided with provisions for drainage of water and means for

accommodating one equipment grounding conductor for each

conduit entry. Junction boxes shall not be required but, if used,

shall not be required to be elevated or located as specified in

Section E4206.9 if the luminaire is specifically identified for

the purpose.

E4206.7 No-niche luminaires. No-niche luminaires shall be

listed for the purpose and shall be installed in accordance with

the requirements of Section E4206.5. Where connection to a

forming shell is specified, the connection shall be to the mounting

bracket.

E4206.8 Through-wall lighting assembly. A through-wall

lighting assembly shall be equipped with a threaded entry or

hub, or a nonmetallic hub, for the purpose of accommodating

the termination of the supply conduit. A through-wall lighting

assembly shall meet the construction requirements of Section

E4205.4 and be installed in accordance with the requirements

of Section E4206.5 Where connection to a forming shell is

specified, the connection shall be to the conduit termination

point.

E4206.9 Junction boxes and enclosures for transformers or

ground-fault circuit interrupters. Junction boxes for

underwater luminaires and enclosures for transformers and

ground-fault circuit-interrupters that supply underwater

luminaires shall comply with the following:

E4206.9.1 Junction boxes. A junction box connected to a

conduit that extends directly to a forming shell or mounting

bracket of a no-niche luminaire shall be:

1. Listed as a swimming pool junction box;

2. Equipped with threaded entries or hubs or a nonmetallic

hub;

3. Constructed of copper, brass, suitable plastic, or other

approved corrosion-resistant material;

4. Provided with electrical continuity between every

connected metal conduit and the grounding terminals

by means of copper, brass, or other approved corrosion-

resistant metal that is integral with the box; and

5. Located not less than 4 inches (102 mm), measured

from the inside of the bottom of the box, above the

ground level, or pool deck, or not less than 8 inches

(203 mm) above the maximum pool water level,

whichever provides the greatest elevation, and shall

be located not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) from the

inside wall of the pool, unless separated from the pool

by a solid fence, wall or other permanent barrier.

Where used on a lighting system operating at 15 volts

or less, a flush deck box shall be permitted provided

that an approved potting compound is used to fill the

box to prevent the entrance of moisture; and the flush

deck box is located not less than 4 feet (1219 mm)

from the inside wall of the pool.

the barrier shall be 2 inches (51 mm) measured on the

side of the barrier which faces away from the swimming

pool. Where the top of the pool structure is above grade,

such as an above-ground pool, the barrier may be at

ground level, such as the pool structure, or mounted on

top of the pool structure. Where the barrier is mounted on

top of the pool structure, the maximum vertical clearance

between the top of the pool structure and the bottom of

the barrier shall be 4 inches (102 mm).

2. Openings in the barrier shall not allow passage of a

4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere.

3. Solid barriers which do not have openings, such as a

masonry or stone wall, shall not contain indentations or

protrusions except for normal construction tolerances

and tooled masonry joints.

4. Where the barrier is composed of horizontal and vertical

members and the distance between the tops of the two lowest

horizontal members is less than 45 inches (1143 mm), then

spacing between vertical members shall not exceed 1 ¾ inches

(44 mm) in width, and any horizontal members shall have a

nominal depth of no more than 1 ¾ inches (44mm) so as not to

create a foothold. Where there are decorative cutouts within

vertical members, spacing within the cutouts shall not exceed 1 ¾

inches (44 mm) in width. Where the barrier is composed of

horizontal and vertical members and the distance between the

tops of the horizontal members is less than 45 inches (1143 mm),

the horizontal members shall be located on the swimming

pool side of the fence. Spacing between vertical members

shall not exceed 13/ 4 inches (44 mm) in width.

Where there are decorative cutouts within vertical members,

spacing within the cutouts shall not exceed 13/ 4 inches (44 mm) in width.

5. Where the barrier is composed of horizontal and vertical

members and the distance between the tops of the horizontal

members is 45 inches (1143 mm) or more, spacing

between vertical members shall not exceed 4 inches (102

mm). Where there are decorative cutouts within vertical

members, spacing within the cutouts shall not exceed 13/ 4 inches (44 mm) in width.

6. Maximum mesh size for chain link fences shall be a

21/ 4-inch (57 mm) square unless the fence has slats fastened

at the top or the bottom which reduce the openings

to not more than 13/ 4 inches (44 mm).

7. Where the barrier is composed of diagonal members,

such as a lattice fence, the maximum opening formed by

the diagonal members shall not be more than 13/ 4 inches

(44 mm).

8. Access gates shall comply with the requirements of Section

AG105.2, Items 1 through 7, and shall be equipped

to accommodate a locking device. Pedestrian access

gates shall open outward away from the pool and shall be

self-closing and have a self-latching device. Gates other

than pedestrian access gates shall have a self-latching

device. Where the release mechanism of the self-latching

device is located less than 54 inches (1372 mm) from

the bottom of the gate, the release mechanism and openings

shall comply with the following:

8.1. The release mechanism shall be located on the

pool side of the gate at least 3 inches (76 mm)

below the top of the gate; and

8.2. The gate and barrier shall have no opening larger

than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) within 18 inches (457

mm) of the release mechanism.

9. Where a wall of a dwelling serves as part of the barrier,

one of the following conditions shall be met:

9.1. The pool shall be equipped with a powered safety

cover in compliance with ASTM F 1346; or

9.2. Doors with direct access to the pool through that

wall shall be equipped with an alarm which produces

an audible warning when the door and/or

its screen, if present, are opened. The alarm shall

be listed and labeled in accordance with UL

2017. The deactivation switch(es) shall be

located at least 54 inches (1372 mm) above the

threshold of the door; or

9.3. Other means of protection, such as self-closing

doors with self-latching devices, which are

approved by the governing body, shall be acceptable

as long as the degree of protection afforded

is not less than the protection afforded by Item

9.1 or 9.2 described above.

10. Where an above-ground pool structure is used as a barrier

or where the barrier is mounted on top of the pool

structure, and the means of access is a ladder or steps:

10.1. The ladder or steps shall be capable of being

secured, locked or removed to prevent access;

or

10.2. The ladder or steps shall be surrounded by a

barrier which meets the requirements of Section

AG105.2, Items 1 through 9. When the ladder

or steps are secured, locked or removed, any

opening created shall not allow the passage of a

4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere.

AG105.3 Indoor swimming pool. Walls surrounding an

indoor swimming pool shall comply with Section AG105.2,

Item 9.

AG105.4 Prohibited locations. Barriers shall be located to

prohibit permanent structures, equipment or similar objects

from being used to climb them.

AG105.5 Barrier exceptions. Spas or hot tubs with a safety

cover which complies with ASTM F 1346, as listed in Section

AG107, shall be exempt from the provisions of this appendix.

SECTION AG106 ENTRAPMENT PROTECTION FOR SWIMMING POOL AND SPA SUCTION OUTLETS AG106.1 General. Suction outlets shall be designed and I installed in accordance with ANSI/APSP-7.