1. principle of self-steering pure rolling - radially aligned axles flange steering - axles held...
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1. PRINCIPLE OF SELF-STEERING• Pure Rolling - Radially aligned Axles• Flange steering - Axles held parallel
2. A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE• Using TFR’s 30 years experience with Self-
Steering Bogies
• Simulation - $avings• Converting this to Carbon Credit value
3. CONCLUSION
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Shear Pads
“Steering Mechanism”Adaptor Sub-Frame & Cross-Anchors
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Axles held rigidly parallel
“Pure Rolling – Steer”Axles Radially Aligned
“Flange – Steer”(Sliding/Grinding)
Axles Rigidly Paralell
Axles point towards centre of curve
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Acknowledgement: Dr R D Fröhling “Strategies to control wheel profile wear”Transwerk Freight Rail, South Africa (TFR)
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Acknowledgement: Dr R D Fröhling “Strategies to control wheel profile wear”
“Wear Rate Factor” compares rate of wear of a non-steering to a self-steering bogie over wheel tread.Over Taping Line regeon WRF=5.5 and at Flange WRF tends to infinity.
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Wear Angle
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Increased wheel life ( x 5.5)Increased rail life ( x 40)Higher stability and speeds (10%)Higher Derailment Stability - Flange
related derailments eliminated (100%)Reduced fuel consumption (4 - 5%)Higher availability of rolling stock
(lower maintenance) - (9%)
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Applying to Ermelo – Richards Bay:
CAPEX OPEX
FLEET $35m
WHEELS $25m
RAILS $65m
FUEL $5m
DERAILMENTS $13m
TOTAL $35m (3%) $108m (39%)
PAYBACK MODELSHOWING FINANCIAL
ADVANTAGE OF SELF STEERING BOGIE
overSTANDARD 3-PIECE BOGIE
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The Scheffel Self Steering Bogie has recently been acknowledged as being Carbon Credit – worthy.
Typical value on Ermelo – Richards Bay line is:
ANNUAL SAVING
STEEL (t/y)
DIESEL (litre)
CARBON CREDITS
WHEELS 17 744 - 17 744
RAIL 21 115 - 21 115
DERAILMENTS 1296 - 1296
FUEL - 8 497 059 22851
TOTAL 40155 8 497 059 63 012
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YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - - - - - - - -
30
CC x1000
42
63
63
63
63
63
63
- - - - - - - -
63
Had this been a registered Carbon Credit projectit would have yielded approximately
1 869 354 CC’s or $60 338 461
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1. USA Energy Information Admin. (Fuel & Energy Source Codes & Emission Coefficients):
To produce 1 ton steel emits 1 ton of CO2; which = 1 CC Burning 1 litre diesel emits 2.69 kg CO2
2. Roger Emblom: - “Simulation of wheel & Rail wear profile evolution – wear modeling and validation”
Rail wear rate (vs tangent track)
3. Dr R D Fröhling “Strategies to control wheel profile wear”
4. Dr H Scheffel - various
5. R von Gericke - various
Curve Rad Wear Factor
800 m 20
300 m 120
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AustraliaAustriaBrazilChinaGhanaIndiaMozambique
RussiaSouth AfricaSwedenUnited States of AmericaZambiaZimbabwe
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With Carbon Credits ….
1. The concept of the Scheffel Self-Steering Bogie has matured
2. 30 years of experience in South Africa builds confidence
3. Savings are now proven
4. Carbon Credits are an exciting addition to value added
5. In the present economic downturn, the Scheffel Bogie can turn an uneconomical venture into a “cash-cow”