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Presentation title

providing clarity. releasing potential

The Bologna Process – An Overview

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- Different education systems across Europe before

the Bologna Process

- Lisbon Convention and Bologna Declaration

- Specificities of the Bologna Process

- Country specific examples of adaption to the

Bologna reforms

- Outlook

Content

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Anglo-Scottish Model

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Key Features:

• First national level assessment taken at the age of 16 in a broad

range of subjects

• Upper secondary qualifications become increasingly specialised

and subject choice made at the end of secondary education

• Considerable autonomy of higher education institutions

• Students specialise in one or two subjects at degree level

• Degrees are generally based on independent study and research

Anglo-Scottish Model

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The Humboldt Model

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Key Features:

 

• Broad university entrance qualification, often taken in streams

• Generally very academic courses (large volume of study)

• Long duration

• Professional rights

The Humboldt Model

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Napoleonic Model

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Key Features:

 

• Baccalaureate entry for degree programmes

• Two cycle undergraduate programmes (Licence / Maîtrise)

• Prestigious Grandes Ecoles especially for engineers

• State control over institutions and qualifications

• National standard on exit level – institutions are not autonomous

Napoleonic Model

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European education models before the Bologna Process

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Bologna Process – the beginnings

• Lisbon Convention (1997): recognition of qualifications

• Sorbonne Declaration (1998): transparent European higher education landscape which facilitates mobility and promotes the European higher education sector worldwide.

• Bologna Declaration (1999): forming a European Higher Education Area with comparable degree systems, contains concrete changes to implement by all the signatory countries, although not legally binding.

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Content of the Bologna Process

• Transparent degree system (2 cycles)

• Use of transparent and transferrable credit point system (ECTS)

• Diploma Supplement to provide more information about

qualifications

• Quality assurance procedures

• Provision of national qualification frameworks to contextualise

qualifications

• Recognition of lifelong learning for equal opportunities and social

cohesion

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Bologna degree structure

Third Cycle of minimum 3 years

Second Cycle – 60 – 120 ECTS

First Cycle – minimum of 180

ECTS

Secondary school leaving certificate required for university entrance

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European Credit Transfer System(ECTS)

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Example of a Diploma Supplement

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Example of a Diploma Supplement, page 2

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Bologna signatory countries

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“Bologna Europe” – a unitary higher education area?

• Implementation of changes at different stages within different

signatory countries

• Different interpretation of Bologna changes

• Only partial implementation of Bologna changes

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Example 1

  Switzerland

Duration (Years) old new Level ECTS

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Doctorat / Doktorat Doctorat / Doktorat 3

 

1     3  

1     3  

1

Lizentiat / Licence; Diplom / Diplôme; Staatsdiplom / Diplôme d'Etat

 

3  

1

Lizentiat / Licence; Diplom / Diplôme; Staatsdiplom / Diplôme d'Etat

Master

2

270-300

1

Lizentiat / Licence; Diplom / Diplôme; Staatsdiplom / Diplôme d'Etat

 

2

 

1   Bachelor 1 180

1     1  

1     1  

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Example 2

Duration (years)

Portugal

old new level ECTS

1 Doctor Doctor 3  

1     3  

1     3  

1 Mestre Mestre 2 90-120

1   Mestre 2  

1 Licenciado   1  

1     1  

1 Bacharel Licenciado 1 180

1     1  

1     1  

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Example 3

  Germany

Duration (Years) old old new new new Level ECTS

 1              

 1   Doktorat           

1        Doktorat

3 

1        Doktorat

3 

1  Lizentiat /

Aufbaustudium / Zweites

Staatsexamen

    Doktorat3

 

1       

3 

1

  Magister Artium / Diplom / Erstes Staatsexamen

  Master  

2 3

300

1  Magister Artium /

Diplom / Erstes Staatsexamen

  Master  2 3

300

1Diplom (Fachhoch-

schule/Univ. of Applied Sciences Bachelor

Master * 1 2 3  

1 Bachelor     1 180

1 Vordiplom       1  

1       1  

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Example 4

 Duration (Years)

Poland

old old new new Level ECTS

1Doktor Doktor Doktor Doktor

3 

1 3 

1 3 

1

Magister / Mag. Inżynier

Magister / Mag. Inżynier (long cycle)

Magister / Mag. Inżynier

Magister / Mag. Inżynier (long cycle)

2

300-360

1

Magister / Mag. Inżynier

Magister / Mag. Inżynier (long cycle)

Magister / Mag. Inżynier

Magister / Mag. Inżynier (long cycle) 2

1

Licencjat / Inżynier Licencjat / Inżynier

1

 240

1Licencjat / Inżynier Licencjat / Inżynier

1180 

1 1  

1 1  

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Example 5

 Duration (Years)

Spain

old new Level ECTS

1Doctor Doctor 3  

1 3  

1 3  

1

  Título de Master

2

360

1

Licenciado, Ingeniero, Arquitecto

Título de Master

2

300

1

Título de Grado

1

240

1

Maestro, Diplomado, Ingeniero Técnico, Arquitecto

Técnico1  

1 1  

1 1  

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Where are we ten years into Bologna?

– Work in progress

– No uniformity

– Impact on students

– Impact on Europe

– Influence on areas outside Europe

– What impact might the Bologna Process have on credential evaluators?

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