1 presentation skills bridget fraser 2 "there are only two types of speakers in the world. 1....
TRANSCRIPT
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Presentation SkillsPresentation SkillsBridget Fraser
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"There are only two types of speakers in the world. 1. The nervous and 2. Liars. "
- Mark Twain
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OverviewOverview
Planning a presentation Preparing for delivery Psychology
Lecture room Projection Delivery
The PowerPoint deck• Structure• Text• Graphics• Tables, Figures, Charts• The 7 Deadly Sins
Planning a presentation Preparing for delivery Psychology
Lecture room Projection Delivery
The PowerPoint deck• Structure• Text• Graphics• Tables, Figures, Charts• The 7 Deadly Sins
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Purpose• What is the purpose?
• Who is your target audience?
• What are the important take-home messages?
• Do you know what you’re talking about?
Style
• Talk, chalk’n talk, overheads, PowerPoint deck?
• How much time are you allotted?
Purpose• What is the purpose?
• Who is your target audience?
• What are the important take-home messages?
• Do you know what you’re talking about?
Style
• Talk, chalk’n talk, overheads, PowerPoint deck?
• How much time are you allotted?
Planning a presentationPlanning a presentation
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Will they understand what you’re saying?
• culture, age, gender, politics, education
• type of information they can understand
• background information
• words / visuals they can understand
- technical jargon, acronyms- formulas, graphs, charts
Will they understand what you’re saying?
• culture, age, gender, politics, education
• type of information they can understand
• background information
• words / visuals they can understand
- technical jargon, acronyms- formulas, graphs, charts
Know your audienceKnow your audience
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How much time are you allotted?
10-15% for intro and conclusion
1 idea per slide
# slides < # minutes
How many take home messages? > 3-4 min. per
objective
Question period?
How much time are you allotted?
10-15% for intro and conclusion
1 idea per slide
# slides < # minutes
How many take home messages? > 3-4 min. per
objective
Question period?
TimingTiming
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“Preparation is the greatest substitute for talent.”
Practice, practice, practice
Feedback from practice audiences
Tape recorder, videotape, mirror
Time yourself
“Preparation is the greatest substitute for talent.”
Practice, practice, practice
Feedback from practice audiences
Tape recorder, videotape, mirror
Time yourself
Preparing for deliveryPreparing for delivery
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• You are the subject matter expert. Don’t fear your audience. Be confident!
•Look in control … even if you’re not
• Don’t start with an apology
• If you notice a mistake on your slide …don’t mention it
• Have fun / Have a sense of humor / Roll with the punches
• People spend most of their time worrying about things that will never happen
PsychologyPsychology
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Know your room• switches• A/V console• internet• props (laser, pointer, chalk, markers, water)
Lighting• too bright -> image washout• too dark -> ZZZ
Audio• room acoustics• microphone?
Know your room• switches• A/V console• internet• props (laser, pointer, chalk, markers, water)
Lighting• too bright -> image washout• too dark -> ZZZ
Audio• room acoustics• microphone?
Lecture roomLecture room
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Image size, focus
Resolution• 800x600 (SVGA)• 1024x768 (XGA)• 1280x1024 (SXGA)
Keystoning
Image size, focus
Resolution• 800x600 (SVGA)• 1024x768 (XGA)• 1280x1024 (SXGA)
Keystoning
Data ProjectorsData Projectors
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Projector connection VGA: DVI:
Laptop video out Ctrl-Alt-Shift-F5 + stand on left foot + rub belly
Resolution match projector
Display modepresenter notes
Battery / power cord
Sleep mode / Power Save
Mac vs. PC compatibility
Projector connection VGA: DVI:
Laptop video out Ctrl-Alt-Shift-F5 + stand on left foot + rub belly
Resolution match projector
Display modepresenter notes
Battery / power cord
Sleep mode / Power Save
Mac vs. PC compatibility
LaptopLaptop
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Ethanol as an alternative fuelEthanol as an alternative fuel
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Pointer• reach?• shadow• motion, floor-tapping
Laser pointer• eye tracking• aim, move slowly, avoid doodling• red (650 nm) vs green (532 nm, 60 x brighter)• BYO, BYOBatteries
Presentation remote•built-in mouse / laser pointer
Pointer• reach?• shadow• motion, floor-tapping
Laser pointer• eye tracking• aim, move slowly, avoid doodling• red (650 nm) vs green (532 nm, 60 x brighter)• BYO, BYOBatteries
Presentation remote•built-in mouse / laser pointer
PropsProps
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Effectiveness of communication
Effectiveness of communication
Impact
Visuallooks, dress, eye contact, posture, gesture, facial
expression55%
Vocalexpression, voice, tempo,
intonation, inflection, fillers, confidence
38%
Verbal words, what you really want to get across 7%
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Eye contact • them, not the screen, not your feet• work the room• don’t stare
Voice• Projection• Orientation• Pitch• Speed• Fillers
umm, ahh, OK, so, YKWIM, YKWIS
Eye contact • them, not the screen, not your feet• work the room• don’t stare
Voice• Projection• Orientation• Pitch• Speed• Fillers
umm, ahh, OK, so, YKWIM, YKWIS
DeliveryDelivery
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Body position• posture• lectern / podium• don’t block the screen
Reading• Not a tele-prompter …• Quotes OK• Reading cards, presenter notes• Speak to the audience, don’t read to yourself
Body position• posture• lectern / podium• don’t block the screen
Reading• Not a tele-prompter …• Quotes OK• Reading cards, presenter notes• Speak to the audience, don’t read to yourself
DeliveryDelivery
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Body• Position
• Rocking, pacing
• Hand movement
Body• Position
• Rocking, pacing
• Hand movement
DeliveryDelivery
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• brisk, erect walk confidence
• standing, hands on hips readiness
• sitting, legs crossed boredom
• crossed arms defensiveness
• walking with hands in pockets dejection
• hand to cheek evaluation, thinking
• touching, rubbing nose rejection, doubt, lying
• rubbing eyes doubt, disbelief
• hands clasped behind back anger, frustration, apprehension
• locked ankles apprehension
• head resting in hand, eyes downcast boredom
• rubbing hands anticipation
• sitting with hands clasped behind head confidence, superiority
• open palm sincerity, openness, innocence
• pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed negative evaluation
• tapping/drumming fingers impatience
• patting, fondling hair lack of self-confidence, insecurity
• tilted head interest
• stroking chin trying to make a decision
• looking down, face turned away disbelief
• biting nails insecurity, nervousness
• pulling or tugging at ear indecision
• brisk, erect walk confidence
• standing, hands on hips readiness
• sitting, legs crossed boredom
• crossed arms defensiveness
• walking with hands in pockets dejection
• hand to cheek evaluation, thinking
• touching, rubbing nose rejection, doubt, lying
• rubbing eyes doubt, disbelief
• hands clasped behind back anger, frustration, apprehension
• locked ankles apprehension
• head resting in hand, eyes downcast boredom
• rubbing hands anticipation
• sitting with hands clasped behind head confidence, superiority
• open palm sincerity, openness, innocence
• pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed negative evaluation
• tapping/drumming fingers impatience
• patting, fondling hair lack of self-confidence, insecurity
• tilted head interest
• stroking chin trying to make a decision
• looking down, face turned away disbelief
• biting nails insecurity, nervousness
• pulling or tugging at ear indecision
Body LanguageBody Language
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Respect your audience
Don’t be arrogant
Be open to their views
Be sensitive to confrontation and controversy
Thank your audience
Respect your audience
Don’t be arrogant
Be open to their views
Be sensitive to confrontation and controversy
Thank your audience
P’s & Q’sP’s & Q’s
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Listen carefully to the whole question
Answer to entire audience
• repeat the question to the audience?
Don’t fake an answer
Be prepared for questions
• extra slides?
Listen carefully to the whole question
Answer to entire audience
• repeat the question to the audience?
Don’t fake an answer
Be prepared for questions
• extra slides?
QuestionsQuestions
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The PowerPoint deckThe PowerPoint deck
http://entrepreneur.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/sleeping_man_1.jpg
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Title• your name, affiliation
Outline• informative!
Introduction• set the stage• tell them what you’re going to tell them
Body• main topic• use sub-headings to organize content
Conclusions / Summary• reiterate or emphasize take home messages• tell them what you’ve told them
References / Acknowledgements
Title• your name, affiliation
Outline• informative!
Introduction• set the stage• tell them what you’re going to tell them
Body• main topic• use sub-headings to organize content
Conclusions / Summary• reiterate or emphasize take home messages• tell them what you’ve told them
References / Acknowledgements
StructureStructure
numbered sides
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Bullet lists: who are they really for?• organize ideas• high-tech cue cards• put a space after the bullet, use simple graphics
Information density• dramatic reduction of information density compared to traditional media• “Rule of Sevens”: < 7 words per line
< 7 lines per page
KISS
Bullet lists: who are they really for?• organize ideas• high-tech cue cards• put a space after the bullet, use simple graphics
Information density• dramatic reduction of information density compared to traditional media• “Rule of Sevens”: < 7 words per line
< 7 lines per page
KISS
PowerPoint stylePowerPoint style
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Font serif Times, Times New Roman, Palatino vs sans serif Arial, Geneva, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana
Size
12 point 18 point 24 point 36 point
Color / Contrast black white red green yellow
Font serif Times, Times New Roman, Palatino vs sans serif Arial, Geneva, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana
Size
12 point 18 point 24 point 36 point
Color / Contrast black white red green yellow
TextText
Koffka ring
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TextText
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Case• Sentence case vs Title Case vs ALL CAPS • be consistent
Highlight Bold Italics Underline Color
Orphans The answer to life, the universe and everything is 42.
Case• Sentence case vs Title Case vs ALL CAPS • be consistent
Highlight Bold Italics Underline Color
Orphans The answer to life, the universe and everything is 42.
TextText
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Spelling … don’t rely on your spell checker, but it’s a good
first stop
Spelling … don’t rely on your spell checker, but it’s a good
first stop
TextText
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“A pictures says a thousand words ... but not without you!”
Complex diagrams need to be introduced in sections or simplified …
“Seeing isn’t perceiving,Perceiving isn’t understanding, Showing isn’t explaining.”
Barbara Tversky, Stanford U.
“A pictures says a thousand words ... but not without you!”
Complex diagrams need to be introduced in sections or simplified …
“Seeing isn’t perceiving,Perceiving isn’t understanding, Showing isn’t explaining.”
Barbara Tversky, Stanford U.
GraphicsGraphics
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“A pictures says a thousand words ... but not without you!”
… but well-designed graphics can speak for themselves
“Visual models help make important ideas clear by making messages visible.”
Don Moyer, ThoughtForm
“A pictures says a thousand words ... but not without you!”
… but well-designed graphics can speak for themselves
“Visual models help make important ideas clear by making messages visible.”
Don Moyer, ThoughtForm
GraphicsGraphics
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… must have something to say … must have something to say
GraphicsGraphics
"This may well be the worst graphic ever to find its way into print.”
Tufte, 1983
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GraphicsGraphicsWorst powerpoint slide ever used by a CEO?
http://sethgodin.typepad.com/.shared/image.html?/photos/uncategorized/2007/04/17/worstpptever.jpg
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… visual density … visual density
GraphicsGraphics
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Well designed, simple, and readable by all
Don’t resize bitmaps
Minimum # of words in captions
Background image should not affect readability...
Well designed, simple, and readable by all
Don’t resize bitmaps
Minimum # of words in captions
Background image should not affect readability...
GraphicsGraphics
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GraphicsGraphics
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GraphicsGraphics
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Outperform graphics if dataset of < 20 numbers
Don’t copy/paste and resize large tables
Can your audience read the entire table? Do they need to?
Reproduce relevant table subsets
Outperform graphics if dataset of < 20 numbers
Don’t copy/paste and resize large tables
Can your audience read the entire table? Do they need to?
Reproduce relevant table subsets
TablesTables
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Label your figures (x-axis, y-axis, units, legend)• highlight data• keep the figure simple and uncluttered
Make the figures visible with high contrast• multiple data sets: different colours or line types• use thick lines and large markers
Label your figures (x-axis, y-axis, units, legend)• highlight data• keep the figure simple and uncluttered
Make the figures visible with high contrast• multiple data sets: different colours or line types• use thick lines and large markers
Figures & ChartsFigures & Charts
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1- Slide Transitions, Animations, Sound Effects
2. Standard Clipart
3. Presentation Templates
4. Text-Heavy Slides
5. The “Me” Paradigm
6. Reading
7. Faith in Technology
1- Slide Transitions, Animations, Sound Effects
2. Standard Clipart
3. Presentation Templates
4. Text-Heavy Slides
5. The “Me” Paradigm
6. Reading
7. Faith in Technology
The Seven Deadly SinsThe Seven Deadly Sins
http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/marketing/a/7sinsofppt.htm
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CompatibilityCompatibility
Version / platform compatibility issues•
Standard fonts • Embedded figures, movies• Transitions / animations / linked media• Always check on other PC/Mac beforehand• .ppt vs .pptx
Murphy’s law•
backup on CD / flash drive• multiple export formats: .ppt .pptx .mov• color transparencies?
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“The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint”, Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press LLC, 2003.
“The Visual Display of Quantitative Information”, 2nd Ed., Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press LLC, 2001.
“The Best and Worst of Statistical Graphics”: http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/
“Presenting At Your Best”, A. Chan: http://www.ee.unb.ca/Groups/AEEGS/presentation.html
“The Seven Deadly Sins of Powerpoint Presentations”: http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/marketing/a/7sinsofppt.htm
“The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint”, Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press LLC, 2003.
“The Visual Display of Quantitative Information”, 2nd Ed., Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press LLC, 2001.
“The Best and Worst of Statistical Graphics”: http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/
“Presenting At Your Best”, A. Chan: http://www.ee.unb.ca/Groups/AEEGS/presentation.html
“The Seven Deadly Sins of Powerpoint Presentations”: http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/marketing/a/7sinsofppt.htm
BibliographyBibliography
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Questions?Questions?
Losses suffered by Napoleon's army in the Russian campaign of 1812 Charles Joseph Minard (1845-1869)
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Image size, focus
Transparencies / Markers
Beam Obstruction
Projection wash-out
Pace yourself
Image size, focus
Transparencies / Markers
Beam Obstruction
Projection wash-out
Pace yourself
Overhead ProjectorsOverhead Projectors