Chapter 1 Science Skills

S-1Please fill out the information sheet that is on your desk. IntroductionSyllabusAngelCheatingAssignmentsPasses (Agenda)

Chapter 1Science SkillsSPS2 Students will explore the nature of matter, its classifications, and its system for naming types of matter

1.1 What is Science?How does the process of science start and end?What is the relationship between science and technology

1.1 What is ScienceCuriosity leads to discoveryScience system of knowledge and methods to find knowledge

1.1 What is ScienceTechnology applying knowledge to solve problemsAdvances in science lead to advances in technologyExamples (my childhood and yours)Computers 1979 Atari 400 (16Kb Ram, 5.25 Floppy 760 Kb)I-Pad (16-64 Gb, wireless, flash)

1.1 What is Science?Telephones 1979 Black Rotary Phone called people2010 Motorola Droid phone, internet access, gps, cameraScience (and Technolgy are always changing1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachWhat is the scientific method?How does a scientific law differ from a scientific theory?Why are scientific models useful?

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachWalking or running in the rain which keeps you dryer?How can we know for sure?Scientific Method organized plan for gathering informationAccording to most studies, it is better to run (although the Mythbusters disagree)

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachSteps (in traditional order)Making Observations using your senses to gather informationAsk a Question usually based on some observations (Do cell phones cause brain cancer?)Hypothesis a proposed answer to a question so it is a statement (Eating fish makes a person smarter.)

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachTesting a Hypothesis (doing the experiment)Sometimes formal, sometimes informalManipulated variable variable that causes a change in anotherResponding variable changes in response to manipulated variableControlled experiment only one variable is changedList the parts of the scientific method we learned yesterday and write down a brief description.

2nd Matt_PS-023rd Matt_PS-034th Matt_PS-04

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1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachTesting a Hypothesis (doing the experiment)Hypothesis soccer players are smarter than football playersManipulated variable sport the students playResponding variable score on SATControlled experiment must be same age, same socio-economic background, have the same educational background (what else?)

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachDrawing Conclusions The hypothesis is correctThe hypothesis is incorrect (retest)The hypothesis needs some modification (retest)ExamplesEating Omega 3 Fatty Acids improves brain function and healthGlucosamine supplements heal knee joints

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachDeveloping a Theory a well tested explanation for a set of observationsTheory of EvolutionKinetic TheoryString Theory

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachScientific Laws describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it.Law of Gravity masses areattracted toward each otherThe explanation is providedby a theoryTheory of Gravitons

1.2 Using a Scientific ApproachScientific Laws describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it.Law of Gravity masses areattracted toward each otherThe explanation is providedby a theoryTheory of Gravitons

1.3 MeasurementWhy is scientific notation useful?What units do scientists use for their measurements?

1.3 MeasurementScientific Notation represents very large or very small numbers as powers of 10Large numbers have a positive exponentSmall numbers have a negative exponent

Convert each of the following numbers to scientific notation.53,0000.00567

Convert each of the following numbers to standard notation.1.05 x 1083.77 x 10-12S-31.3 MeasurementMultiplying Exponents

1. First multiply the numbers

2. Add the exponents

1.3 MeasurementDividing Exponents

1. First divide the numbers

2. Subtract the exponents

1.3 MeasurementPractice

1.3 MeasurementInternational System of Units (SI or metric system)Base UnitsLength meter (m)Mass kilogram (kg)Temperature kelvin (K)Time second (s)

1.3 MeasurementInternational System of Units (SI or metric system)Derived Units combinations of base unitsVolume length x width x height meter x meter x meter m3Density mass divided by volumeGrams divided by meter x meter x meterg/cm3 (in chemistry)

1.3 MeasurementYou will be asked to calculate density

Mass (in grams) divided by volume (in cm3 or mL)What is the density of a 63 mL block with a mass of 22.5 g?

1.3 MeasurementYou will need to know 3 metric prefixesKilo (k) 1000 multiplies the unit by 1000 times1 kg Gold bar worth $42,268.16 (7/9/10)centi (c) 1/100 multiplies the unit by 0.01 Centipede they dont really have 100 legsmilli (m) 1/1000 multiply by 0.001Millipede they dont have 1000 legs

1.3 MeasurementConverting units (learn this well, you do similar stuff all year!)Convert by multiply by a conversion factor () with a fraction inside

What goes inside the fractionThe unit that you want goes on topThe unit you are getting rid of goes on the bottom

1.3 MeasurementSo if I wanted to convert 18 g to mg

Unit I want is mgUnit I want to get rid of is gNow I have to remember that 0.001 g = 1 mg (or 1g = 1000 mg)Put the numbers in your calculator and get the answer

1.3 MeasurementPracticeConvert 912 g to kg

Convert 11.2 L to cL

Convert each of the following 624 mL to L

0.0045 kg to g

92100 cs to s

8210 pigs to kpigsS-4

What is the density of a 14.2 g elephant if it has a volume of 5.7 mL?

If the density of a block of rubber was found to be 9.2 g/cm3, what is the volume if the mass if 21.7 g?S-5

Convert the following118 g to kg

0.045 ms to s

0.9922 N to cN

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1.4 Presenting Scientific DataHow do scientists organize data?How can scientists communicate experimental data?

1.4 Presenting Scientific DataLine graphsYou must be able to draw a line graph of dataFirst label each axis and give the graph a title

Mass (g)245710Volume (cm3)122.53.55Density of Unknown SubstanceVolume (cm3)Mass (g)1.4 Presenting Scientific DataLine graphsThe hard part determine the value of each space

Mass (g)245710Volume (cm3)122.53.55Density of Unknown SubstanceVolume (cm3)Mass (g)22 spaces10 g/22 = 0.451 box = 0.5 g123456789101122 spaces5/22 = 0.231 b0x = 0.25123451.4 Presenting Scientific DataLine graphsNow plot your pointsFinally draw the best straight line or curve

Mass (g)245710Volume (cm3)122.53.55Density of Unknown SubstanceVolume (cm3)Mass (g)1234567891011123451.4 Presenting Scientific DataLine graphsYou should be able to get data from your graphWhat is the volume of a 8.5g sample?4.25 cm3

Density of Unknown SubstanceVolume (cm3)Mass (g)123456789101112345A really fat cat is placed in a pool of water. It turns out that he has a mass of 52,000 g and a density of 0.88 g/cm3. What is his volume?

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Test Day!S-8