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Penn State Capital CollegePenn State Harrisburg

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Cyberplagiarism: Cyberplagiarism:

New Opportunities for Cheating New Opportunities for Cheating and and

New Challenges for Teaching New Challenges for Teaching

INTERACTIVE EDITION INTERACTIVE EDITION

PENN STATE HARRISBURG PENN STATE HARRISBURG

August 25, 2005 August 25, 2005

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Interactive Group AssignmentsInteractive Group Assignments

Group A: Click on hyperlinkGroup A: Click on hyperlink

What is Penn State’s definition of Academic Integrity? Where What is Penn State’s definition of Academic Integrity? Where can that definition be found?can that definition be found?

Academic Integrity

Group B: Click on hyperlinkGroup B: Click on hyperlink

What are the most common definitions ofWhat are the most common definitions of

Plagiarism?

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Expectations For StudentsExpectations For StudentsWhat is the Penn State Code of Conduct? What is the Penn State Code of Conduct?

““All students are expected to act with All students are expected to act with personal integrity in order to create and personal integrity in order to create and sustain an atmosphere where all can sustain an atmosphere where all can succeed through their own honest efforts.” succeed through their own honest efforts.”

From From Penn State Student Code of ConductPenn State Student Code of Conduct http://www.psu.edu/ur/2001/principles.htmlhttp://www.psu.edu/ur/2001/principles.html

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What are Penn State’s Expectations for Faculty?What are Penn State’s Expectations for Faculty?

Group A: What Standards Should Faculty Expect Group A: What Standards Should Faculty Expect and Enforce? and Enforce? http://www.cl.psu.edu/acadpolicies/http://www.cl.psu.edu/acadpolicies/guideline8.html See “Expectations” sectionguideline8.html See “Expectations” section

Group B: What Are the Responsibilities of the Group B: What Are the Responsibilities of the Individual Course Instructor? See “Expectations” Individual Course Instructor? See “Expectations” sectionsection

http://www.cl.psu.edu/acadpolicies/guideline8.hthttp://www.cl.psu.edu/acadpolicies/guideline8.htmlml

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“A national survey by Rutgers' Management Education Center of 4,500 high school students found that 75 percent [3375] of them engage in serious cheating.” (Survey: “Many Students Say Cheating's OK,” CNN Online, April 5, 2002).

http://www.cnn.com/2002/fyi/teachers.ednews/04/05/highschool.cheating/index.html

Why Should Faculty Care? Is Plagiarism a Real Problem?

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How Many Students Really Cheat? How Many Students Really Cheat?

““Donald McCabe’s study this year of 16,000 Donald McCabe’s study this year of 16,000 undergraduates at 23 colleges and universities undergraduates at 23 colleges and universities found that 38 percent found that 38 percent [6080][6080] had taken material had taken material from the Internet and passed it off as their own.from the Internet and passed it off as their own.

Forty-four percent of all the students surveyed Forty-four percent of all the students surveyed said it was no big deal.” said it was no big deal.”

Felicia R. Lee, “Are More People Cheating”? Felicia R. Lee, “Are More People Cheating”? New York New York TimesTimes (October 4, 2003) (October 4, 2003)

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/arts/04CHEA.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/arts/04CHEA.html

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What’s the Story at Penn State?What’s the Story at Penn State?

Group A: What Do the Recent Student Surveys Show? See the “Some Numbers” paragraph at:

http:// tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag

Group B: Do Cheaters Have High or Low G.P.A.s?

See the “Some Numbers” paragraph at:

http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplaghttp://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag

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Grades and Cheating Grades and Cheating

Grade Point Grade Point AverageAverage

Had Not Had Not CheatedCheated

Had Cheated Had Cheated

equal to/below equal to/below 2.75 2.75

42%42% 58%58%

between 2.76 between 2.76 and 3.29 and 3.29

45%45% 55%55%

equal to/above equal to/above 3.30 3.30

57%57% 43%43%

Source: http://www.sa.psu.edu/sara/pulse/58-academic.PDF

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What is the Enforcement History at Penn What is the Enforcement History at Penn State? State?

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How Do Penn State Faculty Deal with Cheating? How Do Penn State Faculty Deal with Cheating?

“The most common punishment for cheating during the 2001-02 school year was giving students a zero for the assignment or test. Almost half of the students caught were disciplined in this way.”

“Other sanctions included a reduced grade on an assignment or the course as a whole, the obligation of redoing the work or just a warning.” Daily Collegian (Monday, January 20, 2003)

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How Do Students Think the Academic How Do Students Think the Academic Integrity Policy Should Be Enforced? Integrity Policy Should Be Enforced?

83% get an F on test or assignment83% get an F on test or assignment

42% be put on academic probation42% be put on academic probation

33% get an F for the course33% get an F for the course

33% have a notation of cheating on transcript33% have a notation of cheating on transcript

27% have parents notified of cheating27% have parents notified of cheating

26% be referred to Judicial Affairs26% be referred to Judicial Affairs

15% have to pay fine15% have to pay fine

10% be suspended or expelled from the University10% be suspended or expelled from the University

Source: http://www.sa.psu.edu/sara/pulse/58-academic.PDF

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Where Do Students Get The Material?Where Do Students Get The Material?

“Turnitin indicates that 85% of plagiarized papers are from the Internet; 13% from other student term papers; and, 0.5% from paper mills.” [B. Reagan, “E-commerce (a special report) – siting sources,” Wall Street Journal (September 16, 2002), p. R4.

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What Enticements Do Web Vendors Offer What Enticements Do Web Vendors Offer

Students?Students?

Group A: How Does This Company Rationalize the Group A: How Does This Company Rationalize the Use of Web-Based Materials?Use of Web-Based Materials?

http://www.LazyStudents.comhttp://www.LazyStudents.com

Group B: What “Pleasure Principle” Does This Group B: What “Pleasure Principle” Does This Web Site Use to Comfort the Busy Student?Web Site Use to Comfort the Busy Student?

http://http://www.ezwrite.comwww.ezwrite.com

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Can Cheaters Get Quality Material? Can Cheaters Get Quality Material?

Group A: What Other Services Can Students Group A: What Other Services Can Students Find? Find?

http://www.research-papers-research-papers.comhttp://www.research-papers-research-papers.com

Group B: How Can Students Be Sure of Getting Quality Group B: How Can Students Be Sure of Getting Quality Material? Material?

http://http://www.toptermpapersites.comwww.toptermpapersites.com//

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How Do Web Sites Persuade Students that How Do Web Sites Persuade Students that Using Their Services is Not Cheating?Using Their Services is Not Cheating?

Group A: What Is the Pitch of Cheathouse.Com?Group A: What Is the Pitch of Cheathouse.Com?

http://www.cheathouse.comhttp://www.cheathouse.com

Group B: What Services Does School Sucks.Com Group B: What Services Does School Sucks.Com Use to Promote Its SiteUse to Promote Its Site

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For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for Cheating Cheating

Advertisers’ encourage web theft by persuading Advertisers’ encourage web theft by persuading students that they are:students that they are:

Getting help vs. stealing intellectual property Getting help vs. stealing intellectual property

Advertisers’ encourage web theft by creating new Advertisers’ encourage web theft by creating new sources for plagiarism:sources for plagiarism:

250+ general paper mills250+ general paper mills70+ subject specific sites 70+ subject specific sites Sites available throughout the worldSites available throughout the worldMaterials provided in nearly every Materials provided in nearly every

language language

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For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for Cheating Cheating

Rationalizations based on subtle sales pitches for Rationalizations based on subtle sales pitches for students with poor academic preparation students with poor academic preparation

Disrespect/mistrust of instructors who don’t seem Disrespect/mistrust of instructors who don’t seem to care about students or their learningto care about students or their learning

Ignorance of expectations and misunderstandings Ignorance of expectations and misunderstandings about assignments to promote productsabout assignments to promote products

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For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for Cheating Cheating

Belief that higher grades alone determine job Belief that higher grades alone determine job opportunities and admission to “good” graduate opportunities and admission to “good” graduate schoolsschools

Detection and punishment are so unlikely that Detection and punishment are so unlikely that “Cheating is a shortcut and it's a pretty efficient “Cheating is a shortcut and it's a pretty efficient one in a lot of cases.“ [Student Alice Newhall one in a lot of cases.“ [Student Alice Newhall quoted on CNN, April 05, 2002]quoted on CNN, April 05, 2002]

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Google’s Homework Helper: Not for Google’s Homework Helper: Not for WritersWriters Only Only Homework Helpers for Engineers and ScientistsHomework Helpers for Engineers and Scientists

Click on: Click on: http://www.answers.google.comhttp://www.answers.google.com

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Fee-Based Helpers for Math and ScienceFee-Based Helpers for Math and Science

Group A: Review a typical algebra homework helper Group A: Review a typical algebra homework helper – software assistant– software assistanthttp://www.maplesoft.com/maple10/http://www.maplesoft.com/maple10/maple10_students_algebra.aspx?p=m10-maple10_students_algebra.aspx?p=m10-students-02-algebrastudents-02-algebra

Group B: Review a typical math, accounting, finance Group B: Review a typical math, accounting, finance on-line tutorialon-line tutorialhttp://interactivemathtutor.com/http://interactivemathtutor.com/

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More “Homework Helpers”More “Homework Helpers”

Group A: Review the Following Web SitesGroup A: Review the Following Web Sites

http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/homeworhttp://encarta.msn.com/encnet/homework/math.aspxk/math.aspxhttp://www.brainmass.com/http://www.brainmass.com/

Group B: Review the Following Web Sites Group B: Review the Following Web Sites

http://users.adelphia.net/~mathhomeworhttp://users.adelphia.net/~mathhomeworkhelp/index.htmlkhelp/index.htmlhttp://school.discovery.com/http://school.discovery.com/homeworkhelp/bjpinchbeck/homeworkhelp/bjpinchbeck/

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What Can Faculty Do?What Can Faculty Do?

Group A: Select four tips you believe to be Group A: Select four tips you believe to be important for preventing plagiarism from the important for preventing plagiarism from the PreventionPrevention section of section of

http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplaghttp://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag

Group B: Select four tips you believe to be Group B: Select four tips you believe to be important for preventing plagiarism from the important for preventing plagiarism from the PreventionPrevention section of section of http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplaghttp://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag

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What Should Faculty Do? What Should Faculty Do?

1.1. Provide Real Help to StudentsProvide Real Help to Students

2.2. Establish a Learning Community in the Establish a Learning Community in the Classroom – Create Trust and Expectations for Classroom – Create Trust and Expectations for HonestyHonesty

3.3. Demonstrate That Students Should Take Demonstrate That Students Should Take Responsibility for Their Own LearningResponsibility for Their Own Learning

4.4. Inform Students of Policy and Expectations in Inform Students of Policy and Expectations in Syllabi and HandoutsSyllabi and Handouts

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Provide Real Help to Students Provide Real Help to Students

5.5. Use Out-of-Class Tutorials: Ask Students to Use Out-of-Class Tutorials: Ask Students to Use Use ANGEL 5 ANGEL 5 CyberplagiarismCyberplagiarism Question Bank Question Bank

6.6. Expect Strong Local Administrative Support for Expect Strong Local Administrative Support for Enforcement of Policy and Consult with the Enforcement of Policy and Consult with the School Directors, Senior Associate Deans, School Directors, Senior Associate Deans, Judicial Affairs OfficeJudicial Affairs Office

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Provide Real Help to StudentsProvide Real Help to Students

7.7. Review Plagiarism Literature Summaries Review Plagiarism Literature Summaries Frequently at Non-Penn State Web SitesFrequently at Non-Penn State Web Sites

Group A: See Group A: See http://www.web-miner.com/plagiarismhttp://www.web-miner.com/plagiarism

Group B: See http://www.google.com and Group B: See http://www.google.com and Search “Cyberplagiarism” Search “Cyberplagiarism”

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Provide Real Help to StudentsProvide Real Help to Students

8.8. Spend some time in class distinguishing Spend some time in class distinguishing between deliberate and accidental plagiarismbetween deliberate and accidental plagiarism

Group A: Look under “5.1.” Group A: Look under “5.1.” http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~writing/interactive-http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~writing/interactive-plagiarismtest.htmlplagiarismtest.html

Group B: Look under “Examples of Plagiarism”Group B: Look under “Examples of Plagiarism”

http://www.chem.uky.edu/courses/common/http://www.chem.uky.edu/courses/common/plagiarism.htmlplagiarism.html

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Provide Real Help to StudentsProvide Real Help to Students

9.9. Use On-line sources to demonstrate Use On-line sources to demonstrate knowledge of plagiarism opportunitiesknowledge of plagiarism opportunities

Group A: What Help is Available at Other Big Group A: What Help is Available at Other Big 10 Institutions 10 Institutions http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/researchttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.htmlh/r_plagiar.html

Group B: How Do other big 10 universities Group B: How Do other big 10 universities assist students with tutorials?assist students with tutorials?http://www.indiana.edu/~istd/http://www.indiana.edu/~istd/

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Provide Real Help to StudentsProvide Real Help to Students

10.10. Scan Web Sites for Assistance with Plagiarism and Scan Web Sites for Assistance with Plagiarism and Cyberplagiarism Cyberplagiarism

Group A: See http://www.web-miner.com/plagiarism Group A: See http://www.web-miner.com/plagiarism Group B: http://www.virtualsalt.comGroup B: http://www.virtualsalt.com

11.11. Use Search Engines to Locate Sources Use Search Engines to Locate Sources

Group A: See Group A: See http://www.plagiarism.org/Group B: See http://www.metacrawl.com Group B: See http://www.metacrawl.com

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Take Reasonable Precautions to Safeguard Take Reasonable Precautions to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing Assignmentsthe Integrity of Writing Assignments

1.1. Don’t Use Take Home Examinations with No Don’t Use Take Home Examinations with No Limits on SourcesLimits on Sources

2.2. Don’t Assign Research Papers without Don’t Assign Research Papers without Explaining the Learning Goals Carefully Explaining the Learning Goals Carefully

3.3. Don’t Forget to Use Basal Writing or Don’t Forget to Use Basal Writing or Handwriting Sample[s] to Establish Students’ Handwriting Sample[s] to Establish Students’ Personal Writing Skill LevelsPersonal Writing Skill Levels

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How to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing How to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing AssignmentsAssignments

4.4. Use Practices Common Cumulative Research Use Practices Common Cumulative Research Reports – Build the Project through Smaller Reports – Build the Project through Smaller Projects and Evaluated AssignmentsProjects and Evaluated Assignments

5.5. Always Establish Specific Learning Goals for Always Establish Specific Learning Goals for Out-of-Class AssignmentsOut-of-Class Assignments

6.6. Warn Students that All Submitted Material Will Warn Students that All Submitted Material Will Be Checked by Standard Plagiarism Search Be Checked by Standard Plagiarism Search Software Software

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How to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing How to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing AssignmentsAssignments

7.7. Require Digital/Electronic Submission of All Require Digital/Electronic Submission of All Assignments to Check Students’ Work.Assignments to Check Students’ Work.

8.8. Use Microsoft Word’s Tool by Clicking on File, Use Microsoft Word’s Tool by Clicking on File, Properties, StatisticsProperties, Statistics

a.a. Student Submits Paper ElectronicallyStudent Submits Paper Electronically

b.b. Faculty Member Pastes Text into Microsoft Word Faculty Member Pastes Text into Microsoft Word

c.c. Faculty Member Accesses StatisticsFaculty Member Accesses Statistics

d.d. Faculty Member Determines How Long the Paper Faculty Member Determines How Long the Paper was Being Edited was Being Edited

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Safeguarding the Integrity of Mathematics or Safeguarding the Integrity of Mathematics or Science HomeworkScience Homework

1.1. Evaluate/Grade All Submitted AssignmentsEvaluate/Grade All Submitted Assignments

2.2. Comment on Problem Solutions or Comment on Problem Solutions or Uncompleted StepsUncompleted Steps

3.3. Query All Solutions Different from the Practices Query All Solutions Different from the Practices Studied in Class or the Conventions of the Studied in Class or the Conventions of the DisciplineDiscipline

4.4. Require Written Justifications for Idiosyncratic Require Written Justifications for Idiosyncratic Solutions Solutions

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Programming and Software CheatingProgramming and Software Cheating

What is Moss? What is Moss? Moss (for a Measure Of Software Moss (for a Measure Of Software Similarity) is an automatic system for Similarity) is an automatic system for determining the similarity of C, C++, Java, determining the similarity of C, C++, Java, Pascal, Ada, ML, Lisp, or Scheme programs. Pascal, Ada, ML, Lisp, or Scheme programs.

. . . The main application of Moss has been in . . . The main application of Moss has been in detecting plagiarism in programming classes. detecting plagiarism in programming classes. Since its development in 1994, Moss has been Since its development in 1994, Moss has been very effective in this role. very effective in this role.

Source: Source: http://http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.htmlwww.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.html

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Latest Tools for Supporting Academic Latest Tools for Supporting Academic Integrity at Penn State Integrity at Penn State

Penn State subscribes to Turnitin.com Penn State subscribes to Turnitin.com

http://live.psu.edu/story/12056http://live.psu.edu/story/12056

http://tlt.its.psu.edu/turnitin/http://tlt.its.psu.edu/turnitin/

What is Turnitin? What is Turnitin?

Turnitin.com ( http://turnitin.com ) is a Web-based Turnitin.com ( http://turnitin.com ) is a Web-based plagiarism detection and prevention system plagiarism detection and prevention system owned by Turnitin.com, Inc.owned by Turnitin.com, Inc.

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Latest Tools for Supporting Academic Latest Tools for Supporting Academic Integrity at Penn State Integrity at Penn State

Turnitin.com can be used as a means to teach Turnitin.com can be used as a means to teach students how to work with sources and to raise students how to work with sources and to raise awareness of paraphrasing and quoting skills awareness of paraphrasing and quoting skills in order to avoid plagiarism. in order to avoid plagiarism.

Penn State Help and TrainingPenn State Help and Training

http://tlt.its.psu.edu/turnitin/http://tlt.its.psu.edu/turnitin/Faculty.html#GetStartedFaculty.html#GetStarted

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Where to Get Help with Turnitin?Where to Get Help with Turnitin?

See your local ANGEL representativeSee your local ANGEL representative

Ms. Carol McQuiggan Ms. Carol McQuiggan (cam240@psu.edu)(cam240@psu.edu)

Attend Academic Integrity workshops sponsored Attend Academic Integrity workshops sponsored by the Capital College Teaching and Learning by the Capital College Teaching and Learning Committee (Dates to be announced). Committee (Dates to be announced).

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Summary Summary

Penn State is committed to a policy of Academic Integrity, and this includes a commitment against plagiarism.

Penn State is committed to supporting the integrity of the teaching and learning process.

Penn State will provide faculty with the tools to accomplish their teaching and learning goals.

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FFor a copy of Capital College’s Academic Integrity Policy including an explanation of procedures, check the Academic Policies tab on the Harrisburg web page at: http://www.hbg.psu.edu

For a copy of this For a copy of this interactiveinteractive presentation, click on URL: presentation, click on URL:

http://www.personal.psu.edu/wjm2/Cyberplag_ http://www.personal.psu.edu/wjm2/Cyberplag_ Interactive.pptInteractive.ppt

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Penn State Capital CollegePenn State Harrisburg