1. Participial2. Gerund 3. Infinitive 4. Appositive

5. Prepositions

Grammar Exercise 6

Participial

V. + ingor

V→ Past tense = Adjective

Example for Participial

1.The car sliding out of control will hit the window Sliding modifies the Car

2. Alex fell down the broken staircase Broken describes staircase

Gerund

V.+ing = Noun

Example for Gerund

Sharon loves baking

Bake = a verbBaking = an activity Sharon loves to do

Infinitives

To + Verb = Infinitives

1. An infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end.

2. You can use it as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

Example of Infinitives

To mess around with Sharon is Tiffany's hobby

Mess around= VerbTo mess around = Tiffany's hobby

Exceptions for Infinitives

Special verb + direct object + infinitive – to

Special verb: feel, hear. help, let, make, see, and watch

Example of Special Case

When Mai heard the alarm clock buzz, she slapped the snooze button and continued her dream

Heard: Special VerbAlarm Clock: Direct ObjectBuzz: To buzz – to (infinitive - to)

To split or not

Case1:Sara hopes to quickly finish her chemistry homework.(Formal)

Case2: Sara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly. (Informal)

Appostive

1. Elaboration2. A noun or noun phrase that renames another

noun right beside it

Example of Appositive

1. Ms. Lam, a teacher, is coming2. Ms. Lam, a teacher from UK, is coming3. Ms. Lam, a teacher with short hair from UK, is

coming

Punctuate the appositive correctly

Nonessential appositive is always separated from rest of the sentence with comma(s)

1. appositives begins the sentence2. appositives interrupts the sentence3. appositives ends the sentence

Prepositions

Prepositions are words that indicate locations or location in time

Examples of preposition

1. Indicate location: Sharon is lying in her bed.2. Indicating location in time: At midnight, Mai

sneaked to kitchen and drank a cup of tea.

Prepositional Phrase

Formula: Preposition + optional modifiers + nouns, pronoun, gerund

Example: Under the stove, Sharon hid a jar of cookies

Under= prepositionThe= modifierStove= noun

Subordinate Conjunctions

Subordinate Conjunction: Subject + VerbSpecial Preposition: after, as, before, since, until

Example: Before Tiffany goes to sleep, she pets her stuffed animals.

Before: PrepositionTiffany: SubjectGoes: VerbTo sleep: Infinitive