#1 - mr. potter's website - home · 2018-05-17 · vocabulary i should know: 1. mass – a...

Potter Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________________________ Hour: ______________ Earth Science

Unit 4: Oceanography LT 4.1 Density: I can explain the role density plays to help form some currents.

Yes I can:

1. Can you explain what density is and how you calculate it?

2. Can you describe how temperature and dissolved solids changes the density of water?

3. Can you explain what types of currents are formed by the changing density of water?

LT 4.2 Ocean Currents: I can explain the formation of different types of ocean currents and their role in climate.

Yes I can:

1. Can you describe the different types of ocean currents and how they form?

2. Can you explain how each type of current impacts the climate?

3. Can you explain why ocean currents are important?

LT 4.3 Coriolis Effect: I can explain the Coriolis Effect and how it affects oceanic circulation.

Yes I can:

1. Can you explain what causes wind and what causes the direction they move?

2. Can you explain what the Coriolis Effect is?

3. Can you explain what the Coriolis Effect causes in the world’s oceans?

LT 4.4 El Nino: I can explain El Nino and how it affects climate and economies.

Yes I can:

1. Can you explain what the El Nino Effect is and what causes it?

2. Can you explain how El Nino affects each hemisphere and specifically Michigan?

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Vocabulary I should know:

1. Mass – a measure of how much matter something has (not the same as weight)

2. Volume – how much space an object takes up.

3. Density – A measure of how much matter an object has in a given space (i.e. a ton of feathers and a ton of bricks)

4. Salinity – a measure of the dissolved salt concentration on water.

5. Upwelling – when deep-sea water rises to the surface of the ocean, bringing cold, nutrient rich water with it.

6. Gulf stream – a surface current in the Atlantic Ocean that takes warm water from the gulf of Mexico, near the east

coast of the U.S., all the way across the Atlantic to Europe, specifically the United Kingdom.

7. Thermocline – the natural boarder between warm surface water and cold deep water. Caused by the differences in

the density of warm and cold water.

8. Dissolved Solids – mineral or salt (NaCl) that dissolves or breaks up in water

9. Solubility – a measure of how easily something will dissolve or break up in water.

10. Surface Currents – currents on the ocean surface generally cause by wind

11. Deep Currents – currents that form from falling water beneath the oceans surface as a result of a change in density

(temperature or salinity)

12. Climate – the average weather for a particular region

13. Coriolis Effect – an effect (optical allusion) where moving objects (wind, air masses, ocean currents) appear to

curve because of the rotation of the earth

14. Gyre – (pronounced with a “J” sound) a large circulating ocean current, cause by winds and the Coriolis Effect

15. El Nino - an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region

and beyond every few years (, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off

northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.

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Ocean Water Density

LT 4.1 Density: I can explain the role density plays to help form some currents. Define density.

1. What is the math formula for density?

2. What is mass and how do you measure mass?

3. What is volume and how you measure volume of a liquid?

4. What are the units for mass, what are the units for volume?

5. What are the units for density?

6. What can change the density of water (there are two; you should be able to guess at least one)?

We are going to measure the density of water. You are to conduct three calculations, each one following two

measurements. It is important that you measure VERY carefully to get accurate results.

Volume: 50 mL of Hot water Volume: 50 mL of cold water Volume: 50 mL of salt water

Mass: Mass: Mass

Density: Density: Density

Temp: Temp: Temp:

7. What happens to the density of water as it gets colder?

8. Explain why ice cubes float.

9. What happens to the density of water as you dissolve salt in it?

10. Why do you think that is?

11. Explain: why do you float better in the ocean?

12. Which would float on top of the other, fresh water float or salt water?

13. Ocean currents are when the ocean water moves like a river or stream (think the EAC in Finding Nemo.)

How might density be related to currents?

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Solubility LT 4.1 Density: I can explain the role density plays to help form some currents.

Solubility of solids

1. Define solubility.

2. Temperature. Get a beaker and fill it up with 100ml of hot water. Add 10 grams of salt. Stir. Repeat, until the

salt does not dissolve. Write down the amount added.

3. Take the cold water. Repeat. Write down the amount added.

4. Substance. Take 100 ml of cold water. Add 10 grams of sugar and stir until it dissolves.

Summarize what happened:

Hot water, Salt Cold Water, Salt Cold Water, sugar

5. What are the two main variables that affect solubility of solids in water?

Solubility of Gas

6. What about gases? Can gases dissolve in liquids as well? Think back to the carbon cycle from the beginning of

the year.

7. If gases dissolve into the oceans from the atmosphere, then the most abundant (largest amount) gas in the

atmosphere would be the most abundant in the ocean. So what would the two most common gases be in water?

8. Now, how does temperature affect a water’s ability to hold gases? We are going to test to see how much CO2 is

held by cold pop vs warm pop. Write down your prediction here:

Hot pop Cold pop

Prediction

Actual

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9. So, does warm water hold more or less oxygen than cold water?

10. Is that the same or different from adding solids (salt) to the water?

11. Why do you think that is?

12. What does that mean to fish and other aquatic life?

13. Below we are going to show how temperature affects the flow of water.

South pole Equator North Pole

14. What type of currents are we showing here, deep or surface currents?

15. The picture below is a major deep ocean current connecting with a surface current. Find where currents change

from surface to deep and deep to surface (Circle on the map). Why do you think they switch?

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Ocean Current Reading

LT 4.2 Ocean Currents: I can explain the formation of different types of ocean currents and their role in climate.

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LT 1: I can explain the formation of different types of ocean currents and their

role in climate.

1. What is the difference between a surface current and a deep current?

2. What is the main cause of surface currents?

3. Explain why surface currents help shape climate. Use England as an

example.

4. What is the main cause of deep currents?

5. Explain why deep currents are so crucial to life in the oceans. Give two

reasons.

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The Gulf Stream and Ocean Currents LT 4.2 Ocean Currents: I can explain the formation of different types of ocean currents and their role in climate.

1. Draw the Gulf Stream on the picture above.

2. Two cities at the same latitude receive the same amount of sunlight so they should have similar climates. Do

these two cities have similar climates?

3. What are some differences?

4. What could explain this? (Be specific!!)

5. Look at the map of all the world’s oceans currents (you will need this to be projected in color on Mr. Potters

screen). Predict where some places will be warmer or colder based on the movement of the water.

Average January

weather for Winnipeg,

Canada

Average January

weather for Cork,

Ireland

Temperature Temperature

Max 8(0F) Max 45(0F)

Min -9(0F) Min 36(0F)

Mean -1(0F) Mean 41(0F)

Average

sunshine

(Hrs. day)

3.86 Average

sunshine

(Hrs. day)

1.7

Average

Snowfall

(inches)

9 Average

Snowfall

(inches)

Almost

0

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The Coriolis Effect

LT 4.3 Coriolis Effect: I can explain the Coriolis Effect and how it affects oceanic circulation.

1. The Coriolis Effect: Is the apparent curving of wind and ocean currents because of Earth’s rotation

2. Let’s show how it works. First figure out direction the earth is spinning from the north pole and South

pole:

3. Now follow Mr. Potters directions for showing how wind currents and ocean currents move.

North Pole South Pole

4. Compare this to the map on the previous page. Look at the Gyres on the North and South Pole.

5. Summarize how things spin in the northern and southern hemispheres.

a. North

b. South

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What Causes Wind? LT 4.3 Coriolis Effect: I can explain the Coriolis Effect and how it affects oceanic circulation.

1. Have you ever been to a big lake or an ocean? If so, it’s almost always windy, especially in the evening or in the

morning. Why?

2. We want to figure out why this is. We need to come up with a way to test how sunlight heats water and sand.

Are they the same or different? If they are different, how different? Using a picture or words, describe how we

could test this below.

3. Make a table of your data.

>How many variables do you have?

>Are all the variables the same

between your tests?

>How are you going to record your

data?

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4. Which one heated up faster?

5. We are going to assume that the one that heats up quicker also cools quicker (it does). Knowing this, if the sand

is a beach and the water is Lake Michigan, what is going to be warmer at the end of the day (after a whole day of

heating)?

6. What is going to be warmer in the morning (after a whole night of cooling)?

7. What is a convection current (flashback to last semester)?

8. Draw a convection current.

9. Draw a convection current showing the beach at the end of the day.

10. Draw a convection current showing the beach at the beginning of the day (end of night).

11. How can this cause winds?

12. What causes winds? (Be as detailed as you can)

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How Winds affect ocean Currents LT 4.3 Coriolis Effect: I can explain the Coriolis Effect and how it affects oceanic circulation.

Draw the convection cycles in our atmosphere:

N S

1. Draw the global winds, taking into account the Coriolis Effect:

2. Also, label the names of the different winds.

N

S

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Side view of Earth


1. Draw in the trade winds, westerlies and polar easterlies.

2. What are some patterns that you see? Use to two different locations on the map as evidence of the

pattern you see.

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What is El Nino? LT 4.4 El Nino: I can explain El Nino and how it affects climate and economies.

1. Make at least 3 observations about the differences between a Normal year and an El Nino year:

a.

b.

c.

2. Write a definition for what think El Nino is:

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El Nino’s Effects on North America LT 4.4 El Nino: I can explain El Nino and how it affects climate and economies.

1. What is El Nino?

2. How often does it happen?

3. El Nino affects our temperature and precipitation in the United States but it affects it in different ways.

In the chart below write down if temperature and precipitation goes up or down in the two locations

during an El Nino year. (4)

Factor change Michigan Florida California

Precipitation (rain, snow)

Temperature

4. List two bad things that happen because of El Nino. (2)

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Learning Target Reflection LT 4.1: I can explain the role of density and solubility in the formation of ocean currents.

1. What are some things that you should know in order to fully understand this learning target? List them below:

2. What are some things that you need to work on for this learning target before the test?

LT 4.2: I can explain the formation of different types of ocean currents and their role in climate.



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LT 4.3: I can explain the Coriolis Effect and how it affects oceanic circulation.



LT 4.4: I can explain El Nino and how it affects climate and economies.



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#1 - mr. potter's website - home · 2018-05-17 · vocabulary i should know: 1. mass – a...

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