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Module 4 Great inventions

Unit 3 Language in use

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Lead in

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Language practice

Paper and printing have been used for ages.

The battery hasn’t been charged for a couple of months.

Has it been published yet?

现在完成时的被动语态： have/has （ not ） been + 过去分词

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一般现在时—— am ／ is ／ are + 动词的过去分词

一般过去时—— was ／ were + 动词的过去分词

被动语态的构成： be + 动词的过去分词

被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 。

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

Presentation

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Information can be kept on CD-ROMs.

Books could only be produced one at a time by hand.

Can books be replaced by computers?

情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词（ not ） + be + 过去分词

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表格：被动语态基本结构

时态 被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时

am/is/are done

was/were done

am/is/are being done

was/were being done

shall/will be done

would be done

have/has been done

had been done

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例如： give be given to

此类动词还有： pass ， show ， send…

再例如： buy be bought for

此类动词还有： make ， draw ， cook ， mend…

5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略 to 作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时， to 必须还原。

注 : 不及物动词（ vi.) 不用被动语态。例如 :happen ，take place ， appear ，

disappear…

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几种特殊结构1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday ．

2.We often hear him play the guitar ．

I was given a gift on my birthday ．A gift was given to me on my birthday.

He is often heard to play the guitar.

•注意： see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at 等动词 / 短语后作宾语补足语的不定式都不带 to ；但改成被动语态后必须带 to 。

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A recorder is used in our English class every day.

recorder

English class

Let’s practice ！！

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use…for

often play

Football is often played all over the world.

A camera is used for taking photos.

Let’s practice ！！

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rob yesterday

send up

last year

A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.

A bank was robbed yesterday.

Let’s practice ！！

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must plant

cover with

in a few years’ time

The tree must be planted on the ground.

The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’ time.

Let’s practice ！！

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send to right now

a talk give soon

They will be sent to the hospital right now.

A talk will be given soon.

Let’s practice!!

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dig

The earth is being dug now.

eat up

already

The food has been eaten up already.

Let’s practice!!

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Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.

1.I think one day books may _____________(replace)

completely.

2. My bike _____________(leave) at school, so I have to

take the bus to school today.

3. The battery ___________________(charge) yet. How

can I use my recorder.

4. Paper should not _________(throw) away.

has been left

hasn’t been charged

be thrown

be replaced

Exercises

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5. Books and other materials can _____________

(borrow) from the library.

6. I’ve bought a second-hand MP3 player—and about 1,000 songs have ____

_____________(download) onto it!

7. Has the computer ________________(repair) yet? I need to write my article

with it.

8. What has ________________(turn on)?The radio.

be borrowed

been downloaded

been turned on

been repaired

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Complete the quiz questions and choose the correct answer.

1.who/ pyramids/ build?

Who were the pyramids built by?

a) The Egyptians.

b) The Ancient Greeks.

c) The Romans.

Exercises

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2. what/ use/ to make paper since the 19th century?

What was used to make paper since the 19th century?

a) Wood. b) Silk. 　 c) Cotton.

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3.where/ the story of Romeo and Juliet / set?

Where was the story of Romeo and Juliet set?

a) In New York. b) In Athens. c) In London.

4.where/ the world’s oldest book printed on paper/ discover?

Where was the world’s oldest book printed on paper discovered?

a) In India. b) In China. c) In Egypt.

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5.how long/ computers/ use?

How long were the computers used?

a) For less than 50 years. b) For 50 years.

c) For more than 50 years.

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Make questions and write answers.

what/ shouldn’t /do/with paper? (waste)

—What shouldn’t be done with paper?— It shouldn’t be wasted.

1.what/can/use/to make paper? (many things)

2.what/ might/use/to replace books one day?

(computers)

3.how/must/printers/keep? (in good conditions)

4.where/can/music/keep? (on MP3 players)

Exercises

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How has the place changed?

Use these words:add, change, open, paint, put, turn on, take away,

The windowThe capThe lightThe basketballThe sweaterThe paintingTwo chairsThe booksThe dishes

have/has been

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Complete the passage with the correct form of the words.

clean, develop, introduce, invent, produce, spread, use, write

Exercises

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From about 500 BC, pens __________ for writing. The feathers of large b

irds_____________ and dried. The point of each feather was sharpened. The

n people used them to write with ink. Many famous works, such as Shakesp

eare’s plays, ______________ with these pens. Then,in the 18th century, A p

en with a steel writing point ____________.

were used

were cleaned

was invented

were produced

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Only a few words could ____________, however, before the writer had to fil

l the pen with ink again.Many years later, the fountain pen _______________ f

rom these early pens. In 1950, a European invented the ballpoint pen. The po

pularity of writing ____________quickly with the ____________ of the ballpoi

nt pen. Even today, ballpoint pens are much less expensive, compared with f

ountain pens.

be written

spread

was developed

introduction

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Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

1. Could you imagine a digital image of Yao Ming on the wall

_____________ a poster?

2. Things made _____________ are usually more expensive than those

produced in factories.

3.I haven’t seen my best friend_____________!

4.We’re using too much paper. _____________, I’m going to read all my

magazines online.

rather than

by hand

From now on

for ages

by hand, for ages , from now on, rather than

Exercises

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Around the world

E-bookAs we can now write to each other with email, we can read with e-books. E-books first appeared in the 1990s and have made great improvements in their technology. Notes can be written on an e-book, new books can be easily downloaded from the Internet, and it’s much easier and quicker to search for passages. What’s more, a lot of paper

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Around the world

will be saved. Nowadays, the most advanced e-book is about 620g, 18cm long, 12cm wide and 2cm thick. It looks like a real book. But e-books are more expensive than paper books, so not many people can afford them. However, with the rapid development of electronic technology, e-books will become more convenient and cheaper. It is said that in the near future there will be more e-books than paper books.

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Module task

Discussing how to improve inventions

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I. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.A piano concert __________(give) in the hall last Friday.

2.The flowers _________________(water) by Daming already.

3. Stars can’t __________(see) in the daytime.

4. The small river __________(dry) up since last year.

5.So far, many man-made satellites ____________(send) up into space.

was given

have been watered

be seen

has dried

have been sent

Practice

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6. My father ________(teach) computer science in a university.

7. The hard task can’t __________(finish) in two months.

8. Knives __________(use) for cutting things.

9. Lingling ________(ask) Betty to attend her birthday party yesterday.

10. Can the magazine __________(take) out of the library?

teaches

be finished

are used

asked

be taken

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II. 改写下面的句子，使句意不变，每空一词。1. I will take care of your son.

Your son will _____ _______ ________ ________ by me.

2. My hometown has changed greatly in the last two years.

Great changes _______ __________ in my hometown in the last two years.

3. You should hand in the homework at once.

The homework should _______ _______ in at once.

be taken care of

have happened

be handed

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4. My mother has given Tony a present for Christmas.

Tony _______ _______ _______ a present for Christmas by my mother.

5. We haven’t been told what to do next.

We haven’t been told what _______ _______ _______ next.

has been given

we should do

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III. 阅读下面的对话，从方框内选择恰当的句子完成对话。

A. But I don’t think it will be safe to buy things online.B. What do you use the computer for?C. Sometimes I see films and make friends on the computer.D. Do you like shopping online?E. The computer is very important in modern life.

A: 1 B: Yes. And many people think that it will be used more widely in the future.A: 2 B: I often read e-books and play games online. 3 A: 4 B: Yes, I do. I hate shopping in crowded shops.A: 5 B: I don’t agree with you. Nothing will go wrong. A

E

B

C

D

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1.Finish the workbook exercises.

2.Make a conclusion of the grammar of this unit.

Homework

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Confidence in yourself is the first step on

the road to success.

自信是走向成功的第一步。