1 mis, chapter 7 ©2011 course technology, a part of cengage learning the internet, intranets, and...

1MIS, Chapter 7

©2011 Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning

THE INTERNET, INTRANETS, AND EXTRANETS

CHAPTER 7

Hossein BIDGOLI

MIS

2MIS, Chapter 7


Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

LO1 Describe the makeup of the Internet and World Wide Web.

LO2 Discuss navigational tools, search engines, and directories.

LO3 Describe common Internet services.

LO4 Summarize widely used Web applications.

LO5 Explain the purpose of intranets.

l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s

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LO6 Explain the purpose of extranets.

LO7 Summarize new trends in the Web 2.0 and 3.0 eras.

l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.)


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The Internet and the World Wide Web

• Internet– Worldwide collection of millions of computers

and networks– Derived from the term “internetworking”– No one actually owns or runs the Internet – Started in 1969 as a U.S. Department of

Defense project called Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

– Evolved into National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1987

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The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)

• Internet backbone – Foundation network linked with fiber-optic

cables – Can support very high bandwidth – Several private companies operate their own

Internet backbones – Connect network access points (NAPs)

• World Wide Web (WWW, or “the Web”) – Graphical interface to the largely text-based

Internet in 1989

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The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)

• Hypermedia– Documents can include embedded references

to audio, text, images, video, and other documents

• Hypertext– Embedded references in hypermedia

documents – Links users can click to follow a particular

thread

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Domain Name System

• Domain names– Unique identifiers of computer or network

addresses on the Internet

• Internet Protocol (IP) address– 208.77.188.166 – Assigned by the Internet Corporation for

Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

• Domain Name System (DNS)– Domain names are converted to IP addresses

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Domain Name System (cont’d.)

• Uniform resource locators (URLs)– Identify a Web page; the address of a

document or site on the Internet – Suffix indicating the top-level domain (TLD) it

belongs to

• TLD– Organizational (gTLDs)– Country-code (ccTLDs)

• Understand the parts of a URL – http://www.csub.edu/~hbidgoli/books.html

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Table 7.1 Generic Top-Level Domains

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What Is HTML?

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Language used to create Web pages

• Structure for an HTML document:<HTML> <HEAD> (Enter the page’s description.) </HEAD> <BODY> (Enter the page’s content.) </BODY> </HTML>

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Types of Internet Connections

• Symmetric DSL (SDSL)– Up to 1.5 Mbps in both directions

• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)– Upstream rates 3.5 Mbps– Downstream rates typically 24 Mbps

• Very High Speed DSL (VDSL)– Downstream/ upstream transmission rate up to

100 Mbps over short distances

• T1 or T3 lines– Equivalent of 24 conventional telephone lines

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Navigational Tools, Search Engines, and Directories

• Navigational tools – Used to travel from site-to-site or to “surf” the

Internet

• Search engines – Give you an easy way to look up information and

resources on the Internet

• Directories – Indexes of information based on keywords in

documents – Make it possible for search engines to find what

you’re looking for

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Navigational Tools

• Graphical Web browsers – Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox,

Google Chrome, and Apple Safari – Menu options– View browsing history– Bookmarking– Setting viewing preferences

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Search Engines and Directories

• Search engine– Google.com or Ask.com– Information system that enables users to

retrieve data from the Web by searching for information using search terms

• Three-step process– Crawling the Web– Indexing– The search process

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Search Engines and Directories (cont’d.)

• Directories– Organize information into categories – Types:

• Automated (crawler-based)• Human powered

• A new search platform from Microsoft – Bing.com– “Decision engine”

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Internet Services

• Most services made possible by the TCP suite of protocols:– Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – Post Office Protocol (POP)

• Popular services– E-mail, newsgroups, discussion groups,

Internet Relay Chat, instant messaging, and Internet telephony

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E-mail

• One of the most widely used services on the Internet

• Main types– Web-based e-mail– Client-based e-mail

• E-mail programs include:– Folders for organization– Address books and distribution groups– Spell checkers– Delivery notification

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Newsgroups and Discussion Groups

• Discussion groups – Formed for people to exchange opinions and

ideas on a specific topic – Group members can post messages or articles

that others in the group can read

• Newsgroups – Typically more general and can be established

for any topic – Allow people to get together for fun or for

business purposes

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Instant Messaging

• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) – Enables users in chat rooms to exchange text

messages with people in other locations in real time

• Instant messaging (IM) – Service for communicating with others via the

Internet in a private “chat room” – Many IM applications are available

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Internet Telephony

• Internet telephony – Using the Internet rather than the telephone

network to exchange spoken conversations

• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)– Requires high-speed Internet connection and

microphone or headset – International and other long-distance calls are

much less expensive – Used to route traffic starting and ending at

public switched telephone network phones – Call quality has been improving

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Web Applications

• Services and products for a wide range of customers at more competitive prices and with increased convenience

• Can be used with minimum costs

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Tourism and Travel

• Travel Web sites allow customers to book tickets for plane trips and cruises, etc.

• InfoHub.com (http://infohub.com/)– Specialty travel are offered

• Other examples of sites that offer all types of tourism and travel services:– Expedia.com, Travel.com, Travelocity. com,

Priceline.com, Hotels.com, and Yahoo! Travel

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Publishing

• Major publishers in the United States and Europe offer Web sites with:– Descriptions of forthcoming books – Sample chapters– Online ordering– Include search features

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Higher Education

• Most universities have Web sites offering:– Information about departments, programs,

faculty, and academic resource – Virtual tours of the campus

• Online degree programs– Possible for students who couldn’t attend

school otherwise to enroll in classes

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Real Estate

• Real estate Web sites – Provide millions of up-to-date listings of homes

• Buyers and sellers can:– Review neighborhoods, schools, and real estate prices

• Customers can:– Find realtors and brokerage firms and learn home-

buying tips

• Major real estate Web sites:– Remax (www.remax.com), Century 21

(www.century21.com), Prudential (www.prudential.com), and ERA (www.era. com).

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Employment

• Services available:– Expert advice and tools for managing your career – Resume assistance, including tools for creating

professional-looking resumes – Job search tutorials – Posting and distributing resumes – Job alerts – Searches by company, industry, region, or category – Announcements of job fairs – Career tests to see what career is right for you – Salary calculators

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Financial Institutions

• Online banking services • E-mail to communicate with customers

and send account statements and financial reports

• Helps banks reduce the time and costs of communicating via phone

• Consumer acceptance has been slow• Banking services available via the Internet

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Software Distribution

• Vendors distribute software on the Internet as well as drivers and patches – Antivirus updates– Small, fast, and easy to download

• Large programs not distributed via Internet

• Online copyright-protection schemes

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Healthcare

• Possible benefits of Internet use in healthcare– Store patient records on the Internet

• Accessible from one central location • Potential problems with information privacy,

accuracy, and currency– Telemedicine (http://telemedtoday.com)

• Enables medical professionals to conduct remote consultation, diagnosis, and conferencing

– Telepresence surgery – Online prescription drugs

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Politics

• Most political candidates now make use of Web sites – Announcing platforms– Publicizing voting records– Notices of appearances and debates– Fundraising

• Possible use for legislators voting online– Security issues

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The Internet in 2020

• More people will use it• It will be more geographically dispersed• It will be more a network of devices• It will carry much more content• It will be wireless• Cloud computing will continue to grow• It will be greener• Network management will be more automated• Connectivity will become less important• There will be more hackers

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Intranets

• Network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities

• Also called “corporate portals”• For internal use by employees

– Many companies also allow trusted business partners to access their intranets

• Different from a LAN • Define and limit access carefully

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Table 7.2 The Internet versus Intranets

The Internet versus Intranets

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Applications of an Intranet

• Human resources management• Sales and marketing• Production and operations• Accounting and finance• Help organizations move from a calendar-

or schedule-based document-publishing strategy to one that’s based on events or need – Reduce the costs and time of document

production

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Extranets

• Secure network – Uses the Internet and Web technologies to

connect intranets of business partners

• Type of interorganizational system (IOS)– Electronic funds transfer (EFT) – Electronic data interchange (EDI)

• DMZ– Refers to the demilitarized zone, an area of the

network that’s separate from the organization’s LAN

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Extranets (cont’d.)

• Advantages of extranets:– Coordination– Feedback– Consumer satisfaction– Cost reduction– Expedited communication

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New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras

• Web 2.0– Trend of Web applications that are more

interactive than traditional Web applications – Collaboration or e-collaboration

• Web 3.0– Provides context for searching online

information – Focuses on “intelligent” Web applications using

various applications of artificial intelligent technologies

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Table 7.4 Web 1.0 versus Web 2.0

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Blogs

• Short for “Weblog”• Journal or newsletter that’s updated

frequently and intended for the general public

• Many sites offer free space for blogs and even include posting photos – Such as Blogger.com

• Blogs on Web sites dedicated to a particular topic or organization – Updated with the latest news and views

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Wikis

• Allows users to add, delete, and sometimes modify content

• Online encyclopedia Wikipedia.org• Information user can also be an

information provider• Issue with quality of information• Wikis have caught on at many companies

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Social Networking Sites

• Broad class of Web sites and services that allow users to connect with friends, family, and colleagues online

• Popular social networking sites:– Facebook, MySpace, and LinkedIn

• Also popular for business use• Twitter

– Response or comment no longer than 140 characters

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RSS Feeds

• “Really simple syndication”• Fast, easy way to distribute Web content in

Extensible Markup Language (XML) format• XML

– Flexible method for creating common formats for information

– Tags represent the kind of content being posted and transmitted

– Defines data with a context

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Podcasting

• Electronic audio file posted on the Web for users to download to their mobile devices

• Has a specific URL and is defined with an XML item tag

• Usually collected by an “aggregator”– iTunes or iPodder

• Users can subscribe to a podcast

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The Internet2

• Collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S. universities and corporations to develop advanced Internet technologies and applications – For higher education and academic research

• Gigapop– Local connection point-of-presence – Main function is the exchange of I2 traffic with a

specified bandwidth

• Relies on the NSFNET and MCI’s very high-speed backbone network service

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The Internet2 (cont’d.)

• Applications of Internet2 include:– Learningware– Digital Library– Teleimmersion– Virtual laboratories

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Summary

• Overview and brief history of the Internet and the World Wide Web

• Navigational tools, search engines, and directories

• Internet services– E-mail, newsgroups, and instant messaging

• Web applications and the service industry• Intranets and extranets• Web 2.0 and Web 3.0

1 mis, chapter 7 ©2011 course technology, a part of cengage learning the internet, intranets, and...

Documents

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