1 me 302 dynamics of machinery cam dynamics dr. sadettin kapucu © 2007 sadettin kapucu
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1
ME 302 DYNAMICS OF ME 302 DYNAMICS OF MACHINERYMACHINERY
Cam Dynamics
Dr. Sadettin KAPUCU
© 2007 Sadettin Kapucu
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2Gaziantep University
Introduction to Cam MechanismsIntroduction to Cam Mechanisms
A CAM changes the input motion, which is usually rotary motion (a rotating motion), to a reciprocating motion of the follower.
They are found in many machines. A CAM has two parts, the FOLLOWER and the CAM PROFILE.
http://www.technologystudent.com/cams/cam1.htm
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3Gaziantep University
Introduction to Cam MechanismsIntroduction to Cam Mechanisms
ONE CYCLE One rotation/revolution of the cam. DWELL When the cam rotates but the follower does not rise or fall. THE RISE That part of the cam that causes the follower to rise.THE RETURN That part of the cam that causes the follower to fall.
http://www.technologystudent.com/cams/cam1.htm
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4Gaziantep University
Classification of cam mechanismsClassification of cam mechanisms
1- Joint configurations
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5Gaziantep University
Classification of cam mechanismsClassification of cam mechanisms2- Cam Shape
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6Gaziantep University
Classification of cam mechanismsClassification of cam mechanisms3- Costraint on the Follower
Force closed Form Closed
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7Gaziantep University
Classification of cam mechanismsClassification of cam mechanisms4- Modes of input/output and Follower arrangements
In-line followerOff-line follower
Rot
atin
g fo
llow
er
Tra
nsla
ting
follo
wer
Roller follower Spherical-faced follower Flat-faced follower
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8Gaziantep University
Cam DesignCam Design
Cam design
1- Low Speed Cam: Kinematic requirement
2- High Speed Cam: Not only kinematic requirement but also kinetics should be taken into consideration.
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9Gaziantep University
Cam MotionsCam Motions
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10Gaziantep University
Cam MotionsCam Motions
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11Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles1- Linear Motions
0
H
Hs )(
HV V
a
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12Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles2- Simple Harmonic Motions
s
H
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13Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles2- Simple Harmonic Motions
cos12
1Hs
sin2
1 Hv
cos2
12
Ha
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14Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles3- Constant Acceleration Motion
s
H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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15Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles3- Constant Acceleration Motion
2
2
Hs
24
Hv
2
4
Ha
2
121
Hs
14Hv2
4
Ha
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16Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles4- Cycloidal Motion
Çapı H/
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17Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles4- Cycloidal Motion
2
sin2
1Hs
2
cos1H
v
2
sin42
2Ha
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18Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles5- Trapezoidal Acceleration Motion
Parabolik eğriye göre titreşimi ve gürültüsü daha az, aşınma ve şok etkisi daha uygun
Üçünü derece hareket veya sikloidal harekete göre daha küçük kam ebatları ve daha düşük ivme değerleri elde edilir.
Bağlama açısı, aynı taban dairesi için üçüncü derece hareket eğrisine nazaran daha iyidir.
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19Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles6- Third Order Polynomial Motion
3
4
Hs2
12
Hv
2
24Ha
3
141
Hs
14Hv
1242
Ha
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20Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles7- Third Order Polynomial Motion 2
232
Hs
16Hv
2162
Ha
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21Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles8- 3-4-5 Polynomial Motion
23
61510
Hs
22
2130
Hv
22
23160
Ha
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22Gaziantep University
Hareket EğrileriHareket Eğrileri
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23Gaziantep University
Eccentric Cam MechanismsEccentric Cam MechanismsAn eccentric cam is a disc with its centre of rotation positioned ‘off centre’. This means as the cam rotates the flat follower rises and falls at a constant rate. This type of cam is the easiest to make and yet it is one of the most useful.
http://www.technologystudent.com/cams/cam10.htm
The diagrams (1 to 7) seen below show the cam rotating in an counterclockwise direction. As it rotates it pushes the flat follower upwards and then allows it to drop downwards. The movement is smooth and at a constant speed.
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24Gaziantep University
Eccentric Cam MechanismsEccentric Cam Mechanisms
e
k
y
m
y
m
NA NB
Fc Fs=k(y+d)
mg
coseey
tey sin
tey cos2
ymF
)( ykFFFF csc
)(cos)( 2 ektkmeFc
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25Gaziantep University
Mathematical ModelsMathematical ModelsCross section showing the overhead valve in an automotive engine and a
mathematical model
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26Gaziantep University
Mathematical ModelsMathematical ModelsCross section showing the overhead valve in an automotive engine and a
mathematical model
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27Gaziantep University
Mathematical ModelsMathematical ModelsCross section showing the overhead valve in an automotive engine and a
mathematical model
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28Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles
Shedding Mechanism
em
eceky
x
Model of the shedding mechanism
What type of profile should be used for high speed shedding??
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29Gaziantep University
Motion ProfilesMotion Profiles
em
eceky
x
Model of the shedding mechanism
Simple Harmonic
Motion
Cycloidal Profile
Proposed Profile
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
No
rmal
ized
Dis
pla
cem
ent y
x
1.Cycle 2.Cycle
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
No
rmal
ized
Dis
pla
cem
ent y
x
1.Cycle 2.Cycle
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
No
rmal
ized
Dis
pla
cem
ent yx
1.Cycle 2.Cycle
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.5
3
5.5
0
5
over
shoo
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0.000
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