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    Recruitment & Selection

    Performance Management Compensation & Benefts

    Learning & Development

    Employee Relations

    Career Management

    Talent Management & Succession Planning

    manpower planning

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    1

    Tips on

    Toolkit

    To start, you can navigate around thecontent page to get to the respectivesection that you wish to access.

    To go back to the content page, simplyclick on the home icon on the top

    left-hand corner of every page.

    You can also download the various tools

    and templates directly.

    * Kindly note that internet connection is required

    2

    3

    4

    Click on any italicized/ underlinedtext to go to the reference page.

    DISCLAIMERBy registering and downloading the HR Capability Toolkit, you agree to the following:

    The Information, forms and templates (Information) contained in this Toolkit are for

    general information purposes only. Whilst we endeavour to keep the Information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed orimplied, regarding the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability of the Informationfor any purpose. Any reliance you place on the Information is therefore strictly at yourown risk. Further this Toolkit and the website is provided on an as available basis. Inno event will SNEF, SPRING or WDA will be liable for any loss or damage, including,without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage arising from, or in connectionwith the use of the Information or this Toolkit or any material contained on the website.

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    01Manpower planningIntroduction

    Purpose

    Benefits

    Framework

    A1.1 Guidelines on manpower planning

    A1.2 Alternative methods of manpower planning

    Atlas Sound & Vision Pte Ltd

    TME Systems Pte Ltd

    APPENDICES

    case stoRies

    [ 02 ]

    [ 02 ]

    [ 03 ]

    [ 04 ]

    [ 16 ]

    [ 23]

    [ 29 ]

    [ 31]

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    Tools

    And

    Templatesclick to download

    ( internet connection required )

    T1.1 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS

    T1.2 MANPOWER COST ANALYSIS (SAMPLE)

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsx
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    manpower

    planning

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    02

    IntroductionManpower planning is the process of assessing current

    workforce capabilities, demographics and work processes;

    determining future workforce requirements; identifying gaps

    and implementing solutions to bridge the gaps.

    PurposeThis policy establishes the guidelines to plan for the

    appropriate type and number of employees, avoiding the

    cost of overstafng or understafng.

    MANPOWER PLANNING - INTRODUCTION & PURPOSE

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    For start-ups, the typical steps in a manpower planning process may

    not apply. Such companies are advised to try alternative manpower

    planning techniques.

    Please refer toA1.2 Alternative methods of manpower planning.

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    MANPOWER PLANNING - BENEFITS 03

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    The outcomes of this process will enable companies to better

    recruit and select the right people. At the same time, companies will be able to

    establish effective learning and development plansfor its staff. Last but not least,

    a well thought through manpower plan will enable companies to better strategise

    its career management plans to develop and groom employees to full their

    manpower needs.

    BENEFITS

    Manpower planning is key to theimplementation of a companys business

    strategy. It enables the company to recruit

    and retain the right mix of people it requires

    to support its business needs. At the same

    time, it will serve to pre-empt problems of

    manpower surplus and shortage. Manpower

    costs may be lower because management

    can anticipate imbalances before theybecome unmanageable and expensive.

    A structured manpower planning process

    allows a company to understand the effort

    needed for the different activities in each

    unit, section or department. It ensures that

    a company has the right mix of skills and

    the optimal number of people to do the

    work, leading to more efcient utilisation of

    workforce. Management can better explore

    alternative stafng options other than

    permanent staff, for example, employment

    of part-timers and re-employment of older

    employees.

    Manpower planning also providesmanagement with a good perspective of

    how anticipated changes in the business

    will impact manpower requirements and

    allows time to locate the right talent to ll

    existing and forecasted gaps.

    Manpowerplanningiskeytotheimplementationofacompanysbusinessstrategy.

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    04

    manpower

    planning

    frameworkThe manpower planning framework allows a companys Human Resource

    Department to develop an action plan for the organisations present andfuture manpower requirements in response to business needs.

    MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

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    05

    [A]

    FORECASTING

    FUTURE

    BUSINESS

    REQUIREMENTS

    [B]

    DETERMINING

    MANPOWER

    REQUIREMENTS

    FOR THE YEAR

    [C]

    DETERMINING

    MANPOWER

    COSTING

    [D]

    DEVELOPING

    ACTION PLAN

    TOOLS /

    TEMPLATES

    APPENDICES /

    REFERENCES

    STEPS IN

    PROCESS MAP

    [A1.1] Guidelines formanpower planning

    Steps 4, 5[T1.1] Manpower

    requirementstemplate

    [A1.2] Alternativemethods of manpower

    planning

    [T1.1] Manpowerrequirements template

    Steps 6, 7[T1.2] Manpowercost analysis

    Budgets

    Performance targetand standards

    Guidelines on:

    - Recruitment and selection- Learning and development- Career management- Compensation & benets- Performance management

    Step 8

    Business plan Steps 1, 2, 3

    Figure 1-1: Manpower planning framework

    MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/2_Recruitment_and_Selection.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/5_Learning_and_Development.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/6_Career_Management.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/3-Comp_and_Ben.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/4_Performance_Management.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/4_Performance_Management.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/3-Comp_and_Ben.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/2_Recruitment_and_Selection.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/6_Career_Management.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/5_Learning_and_Development.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsx
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    06

    1 2 3 8

    4

    5 6 7

    Determine manpowerand skill sets neededin order to meet

    objectives

    Forecastbusinessrequirements

    Conduct manpoweranalysis; obtain gapinformation between currentand desired staff strength(T1.1 Manpower Requirement)

    Dene strategicdirection of theorganisation

    Submit plan formanagementapproval

    ApproveManpower plan,hire if required

    Cascade targetsto departmentlevel

    Complete manpower costanalysis, include plan withskill sets required from staffto meet business objective(T1.2 Manpower Cost Analysis)

    Figure 1-2: Manpower planning process map

    MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    START END

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsx
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    07MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    Process Owner:

    This exercise is conducted on an annual basis

    during the annual business planning and

    budgeting exercise.

    Management will determine the business

    objectives and growth forecast for the year and

    subsequent years, where applicable. Examples

    of these objectives include:

    Increase annual turnover from $X to $Y

    Increase demand for product A by 20%by forming partnerships with overseas

    distributors

    Scale down retail operations to focus on

    core competencies such as marketing and

    distribution management

    [A]

    FORECASTING

    FUTURE

    BUSINESS

    REQUIREMENTS

    LeadingManagement

    SupportingHeads of Department (HODs)

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    The following considerations should be noted during this process as thiswill impact future needs:

    Sales and production forecasts

    Seasonal variations

    Manpower budget

    Timeline for acquiring or developing human resources

    Number of employees

    Mix of casual, permanent and contract positions

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    08MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    Based on the objectives set by management, the HODs, in conjunction

    with the immediate supervisors will set targets for their respective

    division, department and/or function. This forms the basis for determining

    manpower requirements for the year.

    An example of a target for an F&B company would be to

    achieve a 10% increase in monthly sales for a particularrestaurant outlet.

    EXAMPLE

    Changes in the division/department structure (i.e. newly created

    functions/sections/units and streamlined functions resulting in

    consolidated, eliminated or expanded sections or units)

    Employee productivity rates and use of technology or equipment

    that enhances productivity/efciency resulting in reduced manpower

    requirements

    Changes in employment practices (i.e. use of subcontractors or agency

    staff, substitution and simplifying tasks/work processes)

    Changes in government policies (i.e. MOM quota on foreign workers

    and investment incentives)

    Short-, mid- and long-term requirements

    Existing and required talent pools

    Existing and required competencies

    Succession planning

    Job levels

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    09

    The HODs are responsible for determiningmanpower requirements for the year ahead to

    achieve the target established. The HODs should

    work with supervisors during this process.Process Owner:

    Leading

    Heads of Department(HODs)

    Supporting

    Human ResourceDepartment (HR)

    [B]

    DETERMINING

    MANPOWER

    REQUIREMENTS

    FOR THE YEAR

    The HR department is responsible for overseeing

    and facilitating the annual manpower planning

    process by providing the HODs with guidelines

    and templates including payroll budget, salary

    ranges, manpower requirements template.

    Please refer toT1.1 Manpower Requirements,for a sample of a manpower

    requirements template.

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    1

    step

    2

    step

    3

    step

    4

    step

    Dene current activities for each

    department

    Estimate the future staff and man-

    hours required for Executives and Non-

    Executives

    Forecast possible loss of existing staff

    during the year through retirement,

    resignation and transfers

    Determine number of people to recruit,

    redeploy, train and promote during

    the year

    The typical steps in the manpower planning

    process are:

    MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsx
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    10MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    The plan should remain exible and take into account both micro and

    macroeconomic considerations. You may need to consider:

    Factoring in sales and production forecasts, manpower budget and

    timeline for training and developing employees.

    Recruiting different types of workers, other than full-time and

    permanent staff, to meet the varying demand pattern over time. For

    a restaurant, this may include hiring part-time waiters to supplement

    full-time crew during a busy weekend period.

    Employing workers across more than one function. To increase

    productivity, a waiter may also be assigned to help out with kitchen

    preparation during off-peak hours. Factor in expected changes in

    productivity when estimating future activity time.

    Responding to labour supply conditions.

    Responding to changes in government policies such as foreign

    manpower policies and investment incentives.

    Please refer toA1.1 Guidelines on Manpower Planningfor step-by-step instructions on determining manpower requirements and

    T1.1 Manpower Requirementsfor a template.

    For example, investment in automation will help

    decrease certain activity time.

    EXAMPLE

    For example, when the unemployment rate is low,

    competition in the labour market will intensify and

    companies may experience higher employee turnover.

    EXAMPLE

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsxhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.1%20-%20Manpower%20requirements_091012.xlsx
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    11MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    The departments projected manpower cost for the

    year is determined by the calculation of current,

    along with projected manpower costs. These

    include existing employment costs, estimated

    salary increments, and statutory payments for the

    following year along with projected increases of

    headcount by job level.

    Process Owner:

    LeadingHeads of Department(HODs)

    Supporting

    Human ResourceDepartment (HR)

    [C]

    DETERMINING

    MANPOWER

    COSTING

    The HODs are responsible for determining the

    cost implications of the forecasted manpower

    requirement of his department.

    Head count is the total number of permanent and

    contract staff that the department is expected to hire

    based on manpower requirements.

    Total salary costrefers to gross salary inclusive of

    overtime payment, allowances, annual bonus andincentive payments.

    Total benets costrefers to employee benets such

    as medical insurance, annual leave, holiday subsidy,

    etc.

    Total statutory payments include CPF, Skills

    Development Levy and Foreign Worker Levy.

    Total current employment costis the sum of total

    salary cost, total benet cost and total statutory

    payments paid by the company for the current year.

    Average cost per employee is the calculation of

    total employment cost divided by all employees

    within each job category.

    Projected cost increment refers to the percentage

    increment for all current staff for the following year.

    The aggregate sum of the total projected manpower

    cost is derived from the following components:

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    6

    7

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    12MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    The HOD is responsible for justifying forecasted manpower requirements

    and projected manpower cost when presenting to Management for

    approval.

    Net benet of the proposed manpower plan should be evident from the

    increased productivity of employees and the consequent improved

    performance of the department. You may consider some of the following

    measures to determine the net benet:

    Management will review the manpower

    plan and evaluate the net benet it isexpected to bring to the company. If

    the manpower plan is deemed to be

    inefcient, Management may implement

    supplementary measures such as process

    redesign, train ing and automation to

    improve productivity. The estimated future

    man-hours required may decrease as a

    result of increased productivity.

    Employment cost per unit of output

    Sales per employee

    Amount of product handled per man hour

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    Projectedmanpowercostdependsonfactorslikeheadcount,totalsalaryco

    st,andtotalstatutorypayments.

    Projected average employment cost per employee for the following year

    is the sum of the total current employment cost for all employees divided by

    current head count.

    Projected total head count refers to the increase (or decrease) in head

    count based on business needs.

    Projected total employment costis the multiplication of projected headcount

    for the following year with the projected average expected employment cost

    per employee.

    8

    9

    10

    Please refer toT1.2 Manpower Cost Analysisfor an example of manpower

    costing computation.

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xlshttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/tools_n_templates/1/T1.2%20-%20Manpower%20cost%20analysis_091012.xls
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    13MANPOWER PLANNING - MANPOWER PLANNING FRAMEWORK

    Process Owner:

    LeadingManagement

    Supporting

    Human ResourceDepartment (HR)Heads of Department(HODs)

    [D]

    DEVELOPING

    THE ACTION

    PLAN

    After the manpower plan has been approved by

    Management, the HOD will work with HR to full

    the manpower requirements. Here are some

    methods of doing so:

    Recruitment and Selection

    Identifying ways and channels to recruit new hires.

    Career ManagementLook within the organisation to nd suitable

    candidates and deploy them to work in new areas.

    Job Redesign

    This refers to enhancing the scope of an employees

    job to provide an opportunity for the individual to

    offer more value add in his scope of work. This

    could include the provision of end-to-end services.

    1

    2

    3

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    Refer to Recruitment and Selection Module for

    more details.

    Refer to Career Management Module for

    more details.

    In the Hotel industry, it is

    increasingly common for the guest

    relations ofcer to double up as a

    concierge or to assist in the Food

    and Beverage department.

    EXAMPLE

    http://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/2_Recruitment_and_Selection.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/2_Recruitment_and_Selection.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/6_Career_Management.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/6_Career_Management.pdfhttp://www.hrcapability.sg/toolkit/pdf/2_Recruitment_and_Selection.pdf
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    7

    6

    Learning and Development

    Prepare existing employees for new responsibilities by offering on the job orother internal/external trainings. Collaboration with similar organisations may

    also be considered to reduce the cost incurred for specialised training.

    Restructuring

    This is a long-term strategy that involves the reorganising of work units to

    leverage on synergies. There may be a need to reduce workforce over time by

    redeployment or attrition.

    OutsourceNon-strategic and non-core competencies can be outsourced to external

    organisations (e.g. cleaning, security services, IT, payroll, warehousing).

    Other options

    Company can choose to tap on contract staff and/or interns from tertiary

    institutions to meet temporary or short-term needs for increased manpower.

    A permanent role for an employee on a part-time basis (

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    Appendices

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    16MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    A 1.1GUIDELINES

    on manpower

    PLANNINGStep 1:Dene current activities for each departmentStep 2: Determine the current annual man-hours

    required for Executives and Non-Executives

    Step 3:Dene future activities for each department

    Step 4:Estimate the future man-hours required

    Step 5:Forecast losses of existing staff during the year

    Step 6: Determine number of people to recruit andpromote during the year

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

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    17MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    Develop a complete list of current activities for the department. These activities

    may be categorized into transaction-type activities (i.e. very repetitive,

    standard procedures and duration) and non-transaction-type activities (i.e.

    less repetitive and non-standard).

    Figure 1-3: Manpower requirements sample (Step 1)

    STEP 1:

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    Manpower requirements -

    Department:

    Transactiovolume

    yeaExecutiv

    and Non-Executive

    abov Non-Transaction type1No. of invoices2No. of payments to local3Issuing debit4No. of petty cash5No. of credit note6No. of journal vouchers

    Non-transaction type

    7Sales interface8Management9Cash position

    1 Others (Project Total

    Gap/surplu

    Man-hours required perActivity time

    Future headcount

    Current

    Final

    Loss through resignation

    Loss through transfer

    Loss through retirement

    For each division/ department/ function and job level,all activities and categorise into transaction or

    transaction

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    18MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    For transaction-type activities, record the following:

    For non-transaction type activities, man-hours required in a year may

    be calculated in the same way, if activity time is quite standard and the

    transaction volume may be estimated accurately. In some cases (e.g. one-off

    projects), allocate a reasonably estimated man-hour number for the activity.

    Figure 1-4: Manpower requirements sample (Step 2)

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    The estimated transaction volume/frequency in the current year

    The activity time (in hours) of Executives and Non-Executives required

    for each transaction

    Multiply the transaction volume and activity time to get the total numberof man-hours required in a year.

    STEP 2:

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    19MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    In the same way, develop a complete list of activities for each department.

    Newly planned activities are included in the list.

    Figure 1-5: Manpower requirements sample (Step 3)

    STEP 3:

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

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    20MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    Like current man-hours, the future man-hours required for both Executives

    and Non-Executives are determined by multiplying the transaction volume and

    activity time for transaction-type activities and by allocation of a reasonably

    estimated man-hour number for non-transaction type activities.

    Any changes in productivity level should be reected in the estimation (e.g.

    change to activity time or transaction volume).

    Figure 1-2: Manpower requirements sample (Step 1)

    STEP 4:

    Figure 1-6: Manpower requirements sample (Step 4)

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

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    21MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    Existing Executives and Non-Executives may be lost due to resignation,

    retirement or transfers to other departments.

    The resignation rate, retirement rate and transfer rate during the year isestimated. Multiply them with the current headcount to get an estimated loss

    of staff during the year.

    STEP 5:

    Figure 1-7: Manpower requirements sample (Step 5)

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

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    22MANPOWER PLANNING - GUIDELINES ON MANPOWER PLANNING

    Establish the effective hours in a man-day (excluding meal hours and breaks).

    Establish the number of working days in the year by deducting the number

    of days of public holidays, rest days and non-working days, annual leave,

    estimated sick leave, other applicable types of leave and training days. Multiplythe result with the effective hours per day to get the effective working hours in

    a year.

    Divide the future man-hours required by the effective hours in a year to get a

    future headcount needed.

    Deduct the current headcount against future required headcount. Add the

    forecasted losses during the year. The resulting number is the nal gap (i.e. the

    headcount that has to be recruited or promoted/transferred in during the year).

    STEP 6:

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    Figure 1-8: Manpower requirements sample (Step 6)

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    23MANPOWER PLANNING - ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF MANPOWER PLANNING

    A1.2

    Alternative

    Methods of ManpowerPLANNING

    The usual manpower planning process may not apply to start-ups or

    companies with limited number of employees. Such companies may refer

    to benchmarks used within their industry to estimate their manpowerrequirements.

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

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    TREND ANALYSISThis approach involves studying the variation of employees over the

    last few years in each department (e.g. Sales, Projects, Finance, IT,

    Marketing). The company may wish to look at the number of employees

    in each department over the past 3-5 years, or the number of employees

    in each subgroup at the end of each year over a 3-5 year period. This is

    done to identify trends that may continue into the future.

    1

    24

    Elements such as sales volume changes and productivity

    enhancements may also affect stafng gures.

    NOTE

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    MANPOWER PLANNING - ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF MANPOWER PLANNING

    Thereareseveral

    methodsof

    determiningmanpower

    requirementsavailable.

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    25

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    MANPOWER PLANNING - ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF MANPOWER PLANNING

    3 BUSINESS UNIT FORECASTINGThis approach is done by HR meeting up with supervisors and managers

    to come up with an estimate for the manpower requirements of the

    company for the upcoming year. This may involve managers using unit

    or trend forecasting to derive the estimates.

    RATIO ANALYSIS

    This approach is done by making forecasts based on the ratio between

    a causal factor (e.g. sales volume) and manpower required for the work

    to be done (e.g. number of sales staff).

    Example:

    If it takes 20,000 man hours to complete a specic project, completing thisproject within 6 months (or 180 days), will require a minimum of 14 staff to beon this project for an average of 8 hours per day. In this scenario, historical

    values are used as a sample to plot estimated manpower requirements.

    REQUIRED TO COMPLETE 20,000 MAN HOURS IN 180 DAYS

    NO. OF HOURS PER DAY = 8 HRS

    MIN. NUMBER OF STAFF = 14(188)

    20,000

    2

    Factors such as sick leave, rest days, non-working days, public

    holidays and training days have to be taken into consideration.

    This approach does not take into consideration enhancements

    in productivity and extra hours put in by employees.

    NOTE

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    26

    FUNCTION KPI GUIDELINE

    HR*

    HR full-time equivalent

    employees (FTEs) toemployee ratio

    SALES

    ALL

    Sales per person

    Ratio of full time staff topart-time staff, temporarystaff, interns

    Fewer than 100 3.03

    100 to 249 1.36

    250 to 499 1.01

    500 to 999 0.98

    1,000 to 2,499 0.87

    If the company wants to achieve asales target of $1 million and salesrevenue per person is estimatedto be $0.25 million, then number ofsales people required is 4.

    For companies that have seasonalvariations in manpower requirement,temporary staff and interns may beused during peak periods.

    Here are some widely accepted ratios for a selection of functions that may be considered

    when planning for manpower requirements:

    *Source: SHRM Human Capital Benchmarking Study 2009

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    MANPOWER PLANNING - ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF MANPOWER PLANNING

    If a company has a total

    staff of 823, the number of

    HR personnel would be

    (100)

    823 x 0.98 8

    NOTE

    To use as a guide

    especially if

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    27

    INDUSTRY KPI POSSIBLE CONSIDERATIONS

    ProfessionalServices, Sales,

    Real Estate,Manufacturing

    Revenue per employee

    Retail

    Food andBeverages

    Number of customersto serve

    Number of tables perwait staff

    If the target revenue is $5 millionand on an average an employeegenerates $1 million revenue peryear, then number of employeesrequired will be 5.

    Depends on whether the

    retail environment is a high-touch or low-touch one, toconsider the following options:

    - Ratio of number of servicestaff to customer (e.g. HighTouch 1:1, Low Touch 1:5)

    OR

    - Number of service staff

    responsible per square feetof retail space (e.g. High Touch 1 staff per 300 square feet, LowTouch 1 staff per 1000 square feet)

    Depending on the quality of serviceprovided and type of cuisineoffered, an employer may chooseto have a ratio of wait staff to tablesin a restaurant.

    Minimum

    1 server per 3 tables

    Optimum

    1 server per 2 tables

    Premium

    2 to 3 servers per 3

    tables

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    MANPOWER PLANNING - ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF MANPOWER PLANNING

    EXAMPLE

    For a sit-down dinner

    for 10 people:

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    case

    stories

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    33/36Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    ATLAS SOUND & VISION PTE LTDFast Facts:

    Year of Incorporation: 1963

    Staff Strength: 100

    Industry Focus: Retail

    Sales Turnover: S$20-S$50 Million

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    30MANPOWER PLANNING - CASE STORIES

    Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    After attending the manpower planning

    training workshop, Atlas used the

    manpower requirement template for

    manpower planning on its retail and projectteams to ascertain the effectiveness of

    the Toolkit. Through experience, Atlas has

    found the manpower planning template

    more applicable for jobs that are more

    transactional and predictable in nature.

    Benets of using the HR Toolkit

    The use of this template has helped themanagement of Atlas better understand

    the job activities of each individual.

    This knowledge has helped Atlas to

    improve the recruitment and selection,

    and performance management for new

    employees. With a better understanding

    of how to use the template, Atlas will now

    use it to evaluate the work done by its

    Finance team and to see how technology

    can be used to reduce the workload of

    some of its executives.

    Background of company

    Atlas Sound & Vision is a reseller and

    distributor of premium audio and visual

    products within Singapore, and has a staffstrength of 95 in Singapore, 30 in Malaysia

    and 5 in Australia. Incorporated in 1962,

    they have seen rapid growth in both their

    revenue turnover and headcount over the

    past decade with a combination of strong

    leadership and the foresight to capitalise

    on business opportunities.

    Self-implementing the manpower

    planning framework

    Prior to the implementation of the

    HR Capability Toolkit, Atlas, like

    most companies in its initial phase of

    development, did not have a clearly dened

    approach to manpower planning. Its

    organisation structure was unstructured,

    and existed to serve the business needs

    of the company. Manpower planning was

    based on industry and competitor norms

    and supplemented with each business

    units manpower requirements.

    Atlas Sound &

    Vision Pte Ltd

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    35/36Copyright 2012 SPRING Singapore and Singapore National Employers Federation. All rights reserved.

    TME Systems Pte LtdFast Facts:

    Year of Incorporation: 1986

    Staff Strength: 20 (At HQ Level)

    Industry Focus: IT Engineering

    Sales Turnover: S$5-S$20 Million

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    32MANPOWER PLANNING - CASE STORIES

    TME Systems Pte Ltd

    During a deep-dive study of TMEs

    manpower needs, the company realised

    that they were facing challenges due to

    a lack of HR resources. The absence of

    business forecasting for each division

    also revealed the reason for challenges in

    ascertaining its manpower requirements.

    A manpower audit also revealed their

    shortage of senior positions critical

    to leading its day-to-day operations.

    TME took up the recommendations made

    by the consultant and customised the

    templates in the HR Capability Toolkit to

    meet their specialised business needs.This helps each division to better plan for its

    resources needs. The better management

    of workload for its employees has resulted

    in a lower attrition rate compared to

    previous years, and has given the company

    the condence to come up with an

    improved set of recruitment and selection

    procedures to improve the suitability andquality of new employees to TME.

    Background of company

    TME Systems Pte Ltd Singapore was

    established in 1986 and specialises in

    automation testing and measurement

    solutions for high tech products. Its

    core capabilities are in the distribution

    of world-class cutting edge technology

    products, industrial automation

    solutions, education trainer solutions

    and test and measurement solutions.

    Issues faced by company

    Manpower has always been a key

    concern for TME as its employees

    have to go through rigorous training tospecialise in the niche areas that the

    company operates in. Due to the heavy

    investment in training, it has been a costly

    endeavor whenever an employee leaves

    the organisation as TME would have

    to devote resources in training a new

    employee. This problem is exacerbated

    by a lack of dedicated HR resources toaddress the attrition issues.

    Better manpower planning through

    the HR Toolkit

    TME worked with SNEF Consultants

    to better ascertain its manpower gaps

    and to better plan its manpower needs.