1 littelfuse startco littelfuse startco arc flash relay pgr-8800
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Littelfuse StartcoArc Flash RelayPGR-8800
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOArc Faults: Costly and Dangerous
Dangers Fires Burns Injury Death
Costs Collateral
damage Equipment
replacement Downtime Labour
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOArc Flash / Blast Statistics
Over 1000 people die each year from electrical accidents*
Up to 10 Arc-Flash incidents occur each day in the US
Over 2000 workers are sent to burn centers each year with severe Arc-Flash burns.
OSHA states that 80% of electrically related accidents and fatalities among Qualified Workers are caused by Arc-Flash/Arc-Blast Incidents.
* Source: National Safety Council
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOCase Study – Nov 12, 2009
Chiller Easton Ice Rink, Columbus, Ohio
An electrician was working on a 480V power panel when the panel sparked and caught fire
– The electrician was thrown to the floor and eventually transported to the OSU Burn Center with severe burns on face and hands.
– Witnesses reported the panel was still sparking when the fire crews arrived.
* Source: Dayton Daily News
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Electric Shock - trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body.
Arc-Flash – an unexpected sudden release of intense heat and light energy produced by electricity traveling through air, usually caused by accidental contact between live conductors.
Arc-Blast - a pressure wave created by heating, melting, vaporization, and expansion of conducting material and surrounding air during an Arc-Flash.
Types of Electrical Hazards
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOTypes of Electrical Hazards
Arc-Blast
Gases
Sound
Arc-Flash
LightFire
Shock
Pressure Wave
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Severe burns Vision damage or
blindness Hearing loss Broken bones or internal
organ damage Whiplash Brain injuries Lacerations Fatality
Photos courtesy of OSHA
Effects of Electrical Hazards on Workers
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Costly Damage…
Equipment replacement and need for capital
Equipment repair costs Downtime Production Loss (scrap)
…and business interruption.
Image from IEEE Electrical Safety Workshop, Floyd, Doan, Barrios, Wellman
Image from IEEE Electrical Safety Workshop, H. Landis Floyd, II
Effects of Electrical Hazards on Business
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System Voltage
Arc Characteristics– Arc gap / Distance from arc
Fault Current– Available fault current– Arc current typically 38% of
available fault current
Time– Clearing time
Image from OSHA Office of Training & Education
What Determines Arc-Flash Severity?
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOInitiators of these faults
IEEE Std 493-1997 (Gold Book) Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
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LITTELFUSESTARTCODevelopment of an Arc Fault
Voltage difference between two conductors (250V) separated by air gap, high resistance
Voltage reaches breakdown point, rapid release of energy across gap Shortest distance from bus bar corner to bolt corner• Usually phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground• Energy limited only by system resistance, air gap impedance
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOLifespan of an Arc Fault
1.
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Lifespan of an Arc Fault
50 kA bolted fault between 480 Vac and ground
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Effects of an Arc FaultPlenty of Hazards to Choose From
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOExamples of Arc Faults
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOArc Flash Relay
PGR-8800 Series– 1ms reaction time
Detects light– Point sensors (A)– Fiber optic sensor (B)
Detect over-currents– Phase CTs (3)– Any CT with 5A sec.
Link upto (4) AF Relays– Larger systems
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PGR-8800Functions & Features
Six light sensors Built-in front sensor Adjustable light sensitivity 1000 event logging Dual inputs for switches or
PLC Fail-safe operation Local USB interface
– No drivers or s/w req’d
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGR-8800 Wiring Diagram
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGA-LS10 - Point Sensors
Red LED forCircuit-check& Visual Diagnostics
MountingHoles(front / back)
32 mm
52 m
m
8 mmSensorLens
Ø3.5 mm
10 m
Shi
eld
Sig
nalS
upplyC
ircuit Check
The sensor can be also be mountedto ”see through” the back of the cabinet.
120%
80% 80%
CoverageHalf-Circle
100% 100%
100%
Ran
ge is
2 to
2.5
met
ers
360°360°
Point Sensor
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGA-LS20 - Fiber-Optic Sensors
One fiber-optic sensor can replace several point sensors
26 ft flexible fiber 360° detection angle LED for visual feedback Built-in circuit check Electrically extendable Plug-in connector
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOMulti-Unit Installation Example
Electrical cablesSensors Detecting ArcFiber-Optic SensorPoint Sensors
Trip
L1 L2 L3
LINKSwitchboardSupply
2
System can be expanded with up to four PGR-8800 Modules
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGR-8800 Applications
Transformer primary 3 x 690 V
Transformer secondary3 x 22 kV
Air-cooled transformers are sensitive to contaminants, affecting the resistance of the air gap between electrical connections (phases, bolted connections etc.)
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGR-8800 Applications
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LITTELFUSESTARTCOAdditional Information
www.startco.ca/arcflash Datasheet Product Manual Brochure
Arc Flash RelayBrochure PF136
Datasheet
Littelfuse Startco:306-373-5505