1 lecturer: hongqiangli email:[email protected] tel:13469444408

1

Lecturer: Hongqiangli

Email:[email protected]

Tel:13469444408

22

Lesson One

Introduciton&Internet&IAQ

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Introduciton1

HVAC&Internet2

Indoor air quality research trends and future challenges33

Topics

Text and words learning4

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• (1) Questions ① Why should we have to learn? ② What should we have to learn? ③ How should we learn?

• (1) Questions ① Why should we have to learn? ② What should we have to learn? ③ How should we learn?

• My answer• Important• Professional English• By heart

• My answer• Important• Professional English• By heart

Topic one: Introduciton

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• (2) Characters & Differences beteween three kinds • (2) Characters & Differences beteween three kinds


English for General PurposeEnglish for Science and TechnologyProfessional English

科技英语与普通英语的区别：语言由语音、词汇、语法三个基本要素构成，科技英语与通用英语在这三方面基本相同，但因其是在科技领域中长期使用的产物，于是在词汇、语法等方面逐渐形成了自己的特点。

科技英语与普通英语的区别：语言由语音、词汇、语法三个基本要素构成，科技英语与通用英语在这三方面基本相同，但因其是在科技领域中长期使用的产物，于是在词汇、语法等方面逐渐形成了自己的特点。

普通英语：科技英语：专业英语 :

普通英语

科技英语

专业英语

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• (2) Characters & Differences beteween three kinds • (2) Characters & Differences beteween three kinds


例：我那辆老吉普车终于发动起来了

不同译法 Finally, my old jeep started.

Finally, the engine of my old jeep started.

Finally, my ancient jeep coughed to life.

例：我那辆老吉普车终于发动起来了

不同译法 Finally, my old jeep started.

Finally, the engine of my old jeep started.

Finally, my ancient jeep coughed to life.

了解和掌握这些特点，有助于：

提高阅读速度正确理解内容

加深表达认识改善交流能力

了解和掌握这些特点，有助于：

提高阅读速度正确理解内容

加深表达认识改善交流能力

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• Vocabulary Characters• Vocabulary Characters


① 为了用词准确，科技英语多用词义专一且稳定的词，尽量避免含糊不清或一词多义的现象；

absorb ---- take in accelerate ---- speed up

release ---- set free emerge ---- come out

survive ---- stay alive

maximum ---- greatest approximately ---- about

① 为了用词准确，科技英语多用词义专一且稳定的词，尽量避免含糊不清或一词多义的现象；

absorb ---- take in accelerate ---- speed up

release ---- set free emerge ---- come out

survive ---- stay alive

maximum ---- greatest approximately ---- about

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② 科技（专业）英语涉及较多专业词汇，与普通英语在含义上差别较大；

chilled water

condenser water

heat pump

renewable energy

② 科技（专业）英语涉及较多专业词汇，与普通英语在含义上差别较大；

chilled water

condenser water

heat pump

renewable energy

冷冻水

冷却水

热泵

可再生能源

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③ 许多专门的科学术语，在某一领域内使用一段时间后，往往以缩略形式出现。

HVAC

GSHP

③ 许多专门的科学术语，在某一领域内使用一段时间后，往往以缩略形式出现。

HVAC

GSHP

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Ground Source Heat pump

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• Grammar Characters• Grammar Characters


① 为了准确、清晰地反映事物间的内在联系，在语句中必然大量使用各种短语、从句等，目的是使各部分的关系明确，含义清楚、表达全面，因此长句是科技英语的特点之一；

例：

In fact, the generally accepted theory now is that the production of rain depends upon the presence of particles in the air, which serves as nuclei about which the drops may form.

① 为了准确、清晰地反映事物间的内在联系，在语句中必然大量使用各种短语、从句等，目的是使各部分的关系明确，含义清楚、表达全面，因此长句是科技英语的特点之一；

例：

In fact, the generally accepted theory now is that the production of rain depends upon the presence of particles in the air, which serves as nuclei about which the drops may form.

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② 为了客观地叙述各种现象及其内在的联系，避免主观成分，被动式在科技英语中比在其他环境中使用得更为广泛，被动语态可使论证的对象更为突出醒目。

例：

As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.

② 为了客观地叙述各种现象及其内在的联系，避免主观成分，被动式在科技英语中比在其他环境中使用得更为广泛，被动语态可使论证的对象更为突出醒目。

例：

As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.

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② 科技文章中大量使用一般现在时态的动词，因为科技文章大多描述不受时间限制的普遍规律。过去时态 (preterite) 的动词主要描述过去进行过的研究、实验等活动。此外，在科技文章中使用较多的是现在完成时态，强调过去动作的现存结果和影响。

② 科技文章中大量使用一般现在时态的动词，因为科技文章大多描述不受时间限制的普遍规律。过去时态 (preterite) 的动词主要描述过去进行过的研究、实验等活动。此外，在科技文章中使用较多的是现在完成时态，强调过去动作的现存结果和影响。

例 1 ： With respect to global issues of sustainable energy and reduction of greenhouse gases, biomass is getting increasing attention as a potential source of renewable energy.

例 2 ： In a further way, we investigated the key processes that have available conservation potential, to maximize the utilization of energy resources.

例 1 ： With respect to global issues of sustainable energy and reduction of greenhouse gases, biomass is getting increasing attention as a potential source of renewable energy.

例 2 ： In a further way, we investigated the key processes that have available conservation potential, to maximize the utilization of energy resources.

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Topic Two: HVAC & Internet

1. Introduction

Internet is influencing the world, including Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) Industry.

2. Wheeler on HVACR: Is the Internet for you?

The World Wide Web can bring you new customers and new business at a much lower cost.

3. Put the Internet to Work for You

Opportunities for HVACR contractors are plentiful for those willing to adapt to this new and lucrative way of doing business.

4. Carrier, IBM to Launch Web-Enabled A/C

Carrier Corp. and IBM Corp. have announced the development of a new wireless remote monitoring and control service called Myappliance.com.

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Frequently used words and phrases:

heating 采暖供热 ventilationair conditioning 空气调节 refrigerationHVACR 暖通空调制冷technical sophisticationentrepreneurleverageproprietary technology highly educated Internet-savvy bid on Plumbing & Drainage

heating 采暖供热 ventilation 通风air conditioning 空气调节 refrigeration 制冷HVACR 暖通空调制冷technical sophistication 技术精通entrepreneur 企业家leverage 杠杆、借用…的力proprietary technology 专利技术highly educated 受过良好教育的Internet-savvy 熟悉网络的bid on 投标Plumbing & Drainage 给水、排水

Topic Two: HVAC & Internet

15http://www.ashrae.comAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

16中国空调制冷网： http://www.chinahvacr.com

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Topic Three: IAQ Research Trends And Future Challenges

• （ 1 ） Concept of IAQ• ① What is IAQ? Indoor air quality is defined as the nature of indo

or air that affects the health and well-being of occupants. • Good indoor air quality may be defined as “air which is free of pol

lutants that cause irritation, discomfort or ill health to occupants”

• ② Acceptable indoor air is defined by ASHRAE:

• “Air in which there are no known contaminates at harmful concentrations and which a substantial majority (usually 80%) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction”

-ASHRAE 62-1999

• （ 1 ） Concept of IAQ• ① What is IAQ? Indoor air quality is defined as the nature of indo

or air that affects the health and well-being of occupants. • Good indoor air quality may be defined as “air which is free of pol

lutants that cause irritation, discomfort or ill health to occupants”

• ② Acceptable indoor air is defined by ASHRAE:

• “Air in which there are no known contaminates at harmful concentrations and which a substantial majority (usually 80%) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction”

-ASHRAE 62-1999

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• （ 2 ） Attention to IAQ• （ 2 ） Attention to IAQ

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that more than 30 percent of all commercial buildings have significant IAQ problems.

In some cases, the quality of indoor air can be critical.

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• （ 3 ） IAQ effect • （ 3 ） IAQ effect

People are spending more than 90 percent of their time indoors.

As a result of these and other factors, totally new terminology has come into use and the topic is gaining more attention every day. Some examples include:

• ① Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)—where more than 30 percent of occupants experience adverse effects while in the building, but no clinically diagnosed disease is found.

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• （ 3 ） IAQ effect • （ 3 ） IAQ effect

• ② Building Related Illness (BRI)—general term for a medically diagnosable illness caused by, or related to, building occupancy.

• ③ Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) or Environmental Illness (EI)—a controversial condition where an individual has or develops sensitivity to even low levels of certain chemicals due to extended exposure.

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• （ 4 ） General pollutant types that affect IAQ• （ 4 ） General pollutant types that affect IAQ

• Biological—bacteria, fungi, viruses, molds, pollen, animal hair, dander and excrement are examples of common biological pollutants that can

impact air quality.

fungi 真菌 molds 霉菌 dander 皮屑 excrement 排泄物• Chemical—cleaners, solvents, fuels, adhesives, various combustion by-

products and emissions from furnishings and floor and wall coverings are typical examples of airborne chemicals.

solvents 溶剂 adhesives 粘合剂 airborne 空气传播的

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• （ 4 ） General pollutant types that affect IAQ• （ 4 ） General pollutant types that affect IAQ• Particles and Aerosols—are solids or liquids that are light enough to

be suspended in air. Particles are classified in three general categories—coarse, fine and ultrafine—and are derived from dust, construction activities, printing, photocopying, manufacturing processes, smoking, combustion and some chemical reactions in which vapors condense to form particles. These can be categorized as dust, smoke, mist, fume and condensates.

aerosols 悬浮物气溶胶 mist 雾 fume 烟雾 condensates 凝结物

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• （ 5 ） Common indoor air pollutants• （ 5 ） Common indoor air pollutants

Indoor Air Pollutants

Sources Potential Health Effects

Carbon dioxide

二氧化碳Exhalation\breathing;Smoking;

Combustion sources

可令人窒息的气体。高浓度时可以起头痛，晕眩及恶心。

Carbon monoxide

一氧化碳

•Combustion sources like cooking stoves; Smoking•Intake of this pollutant from outdoor sources, e.g. vehicle

有毒化学物。高浓度时能引起头痛、降低警觉性、出现感冒症状、晕眩、疲倦、气喘、胸痛、头脑不清、失去判断力、甚至死亡

Respirable suspended particulates

可吸入悬浮颗粒

•Smoking; Combustion sources such as cooking stoves; Photocopying machine; Intake of this pollutant from outdoor sources

引起敏感反应，如眼干、鼻、喉及皮肤不适、咳嗽、打喷嚏及呼吸困难。

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• （ 5 ） Common indoor air pollutants• （ 5 ） Common indoor air pollutantsIndoor Air Pollutants


Nitrogen dioxide

氮氧化物

•Combustion sources such as cooking stoves; Smoking;Intake of this pollutant from outdoor sources

引起眼睛及呼吸道不适。

Ozone

臭氧• Photocopying machine; Printers; Air purifiers with high voltage discharge components

可引起敏感及刺激性反应的污染物。令鼻子有刺痛感觉、喉干、流泪、及令眼部出现疼痛、刺痛及灼热感觉。

Formaldehyde

甲醛• Smoking; Pressed-wood products; urea-formaldehyde foam insulation 尿素甲醛泡沫绝缘材料 ; adhesives; paints; furniture, etc.

甲醛是高度活性的气体。能引起眼部及呼吸道不适，若吸入过量甲醛，亦会破坏肺部组织。

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Indoor Air Pollutants


Volatile organic compounds

挥发性有机化合物

• Cleaning agents; Disinfectants 消毒剂 ; Paints and solvents; Printing inks; Furniture and furnishings; Smoking, etc.

室内环境有上千钟有机化合物存在，很多是从家具及装饰物中释放出的，如油漆及溶剂等，其中有些是致癌物质，如苯等。

Radon 氡 • Granite used in building materials

氡气是放射性气体，会引起肺癌。

Microbial

微生物• Proliferation ( 滋生 )under suitable conditions, e.g. high humidity

有些微生物含有毒素，是病原体，能引起感冒症状或发烧。

Environmental tobacco smoke

二手烟

• Smoking 二手烟包含超过 4000 种物质（其中 60 种已知是致癌或可能致癌的物质）。二手烟能引起呼吸道不适，危害心肌系统及引致癌症。


• （ 5 ） Common indoor air pollutants• （ 5 ） Common indoor air pollutants

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• （ 6 ） How to control and improve IAQ• ① Source control

Use better materials

Cleaning and filtration• ② Ventilation control

Local ventilation

General ventilation• ③ Air Cleaners (note: equipment but not others)

• （ 6 ） How to control and improve IAQ• ① Source control

Use better materials

Cleaning and filtration• ② Ventilation control

Local ventilation

General ventilation• ③ Air Cleaners (note: equipment but not others)

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Integrated Design Process

1. Introduction

an interdisciplinary science how to identify research trends

2. IAQ, the Science

nature of the IAQ science three stages of development

3. Research Trends

classified into seven categories

4. Research Questions

five enigmas or questions

5. Strategic Goals

what should we be trying to resolve fifty years from now?

6. Conclusions


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Frequently used words and phrases:

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 室内空气品质interdisciplinary 跨学科的、交叉学科的Environmental Sustainable Development 环境可持续发展pollutants 污染物occupant 居住者、室内人员receptor 受体expose to… 暴露在…

PM (Particulate Matter) 颗粒物VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) 挥发性有机化合物ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) 吸烟引起的烟物

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 室内空气品质interdisciplinary 跨学科的、交叉学科的Environmental Sustainable Development 环境可持续发展pollutants 污染物occupant 居住者、室内人员receptor 受体expose to… 暴露在…

PM (Particulate Matter) 颗粒物VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) 挥发性有机化合物ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) 吸烟引起的烟物


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1. IAQ is an interdisciplinary science

2. The IAQ science is an integral component of the Environmental Sustainable Development; it is the science that investigates the environmental domain, possibly the polluted environmental domain, where individuals spend upwards of 90 percent of their time.

3. IAQ scientists must document the quality of indoor environments and they must estimate and justify with sound science the risks associated with exposures to pollutants in indoor environments.

interdisciplinary science: 交叉学科

integral component : 不可分割的部分 domain: 领域、范围

upwards of : 超过、多于

document: 以文件证明 sound ：合理的、合适的 exposure: 暴露


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4. The problem is identified clearly, (i) indoor air pollutants are found at higher concentrations than corresponding outdoor levels, and (ii) individuals spent upwards of 90 percent of their time indoors.

5. The problem has been characterized in many countries and areas by establishing pollutant distributions and well-investigated time budgets

6. The third stage is an ongoing process, a helix like procedure leads to greater knowledge and new areas in need of further research.

indoor air pollutants : 室内空气污染物 concentration: 浓度

pollutant distributions: 污染物分布 time budgets: 时间分布预期

ongoing: 正在进行的 helix: 螺旋


1 lecturer: hongqiangli email:[email protected] tel:13469444408

Documents

nature of indoor air

kinds topic

new business

introduction internet

educated internetsavvy

new customers

hvacr contractors

old jeep