1 =) ^l^*-^ w^m^a. oxt^ct^a. ^ u^o-tv^ctii *^wbolatto/teaching/astr... · jrigh-raqqirs/it .(anil...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
^ »<
•=S» Ax =''ob(o L* °
=) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^W1
(^JL-i>^o-e
![Page 2: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
^•>CY "Ttos^i. o^TCA^dX«^_ —^o fj-, c\—^c^LPcSL&- %*JL~ m-*-*~\ \^&* vx-^*-^^*-*^- —~« ±s~z
S^ol c\\^ ^^ **c (0.3., 6^=ra^ j^^^^i)
*&<*> v ^ Av - Av - - Av
[Efc-V ^B-V
o^-eA To 4x^v-':^jl ^v U-^c^Q_. R,y^2>.\ CorrU.o .'k .
V\X <3txn-^<^ La_g^>-c M \eT-^ Av» =o-i
v L-,1 ^<e -o to
. 2- c-*>w
![Page 3: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
^\-\Gj^ yU-0^1 *(.Via-,
*/^Ccxi_
-Tl%&®>y-^ 3'' 7***"/ 'Vv /r» » . 1 * ~-^-~ " •*v\.*v~v
c
acvs
![Page 4: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
s*^n± QV7 o 3.Tcco^ d^-S^k ^> nsu- •Q^u^v •.TG-X c—T^^ ^.(3>
S^ /s/c
__ TV ^ 00^
2- = TT \±> .CXiV V
Q
5\U,CVaUv>- <£U •*
u> =-s^A^l
• ( 4 TV "3\jc
•3 --2
C-
sfe"•W
-15 UyggQ^^^\*A
T A-v, .cA , 5-°^ *-
K^cW^'^ &*<^>
^>
c^ow*. -<2^<L. u*-$.o.ov-v
-v, sQ.c«v^ W.VW vu^- ^
c on o v~n » VotwoJca. , a^-^ ^^^ \
![Page 5: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
a COO
![Page 6: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
10 100
A Gum)1000
40
Fig. 16.— The calculated extinction for the present grain model (heavy solid line) and the observedaverage (Rv » 3.1) interstellar extinction curve (dotted line: Fitzpatrick 1999; open circles: Mathis1990). Model results are the sum of 4components: «Bail» (silicate, a>250A; long-dashed line);"Ssii" (silicate, 3.5 < a- < 250A; short-dashed line); «Bcarb» (carbonaceous, a> 250A; dot-dashedline); and "Scarb" (carbonaceous, 3.5 <a<250A, including PAHs; thin solidline). The upper-rightinset illustrates the aromatic 6.2//m absorption feature and the 9.7/mi silicate band. The narrowfeature at 11.5/zm is due to a lattice mode of crystalline graphite (Draine 1984) and would likelybe smoothed out in an imperfect polycrystalline sample. The lower-left inset plots the extinctioncurve against A-1 (/mi-1).
![Page 7: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
0*
M
i. I C-LU
ooot ooi oi
bsvisado srf* bfi£ (anil biloe yrsaA) Isbom nisig ina&iq axi* idi noi*oni*xa bsteluoLso sAT —.61 .gi^eirftaM :esbib naqo ;666I jbhteqsjra :9nii bsittob) sviuo noitonitas isllsteisitai (1.8 &v&) 9§£WV£;(anil baiiesb-gnoi ;A0o£ <a .steoilie) "uJEP laJnsnoqmoD *to mire adt sis eJiueai bboM .(OGGIbsrfesb-Job ;A0cS <&.BuosasnbdiBo) "d«3a» ;(anil bsifesb-Jiofla ;A0cS >* >5.8 .steailia) «iie2"Jrigh-raqqir s/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^ bos ;(anilwoiusn sdT .bnsd stesilia im\Y.G ©ri* bus suites) notiqioads mv\S.9 oitemoiB sil* eateitenili teeniybriil bluow bn£ (*8GI snisiO) sJinqjng sflilLsteyw to sborn soiiitei £ o* sub ei mv\S.II is suites^nafojtitta sri* atoiq teeni ttai-igwol srIT .giqmse sniil^eywYjoq taftisqmi n£ ni iuo bsrltoome ad
.(1_mi\) 1-A iani£§£ aviuo
![Page 8: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
v- -^v-v"."^?"^- v'•'-• .'•'* -:":>v: - '.•:--. -..---..: --_--..-... -....-.
rr§/ ^sW^.s^oS ^WAbj-f _ 60 5) h
|" Hi.); i •.' i;\. - .|iii -j" i i ,1 a Ju. .i-i .k • .1 .1 - • j 11.1 i a" .t-:' j,h s0!
f,e^vH
''•''• •
lo s-ot 01
01
C-3
r 3I u
1.0 &
01
ft
a 1
UCO
w
O
i.o
Xvsad sdT \ba$&^m&£0io aauhv anT ,1.8 .= yft Hoi eiiotiudnJeib asie iiiBig AsasO —.£ .git•~0I X3 = 06 asif ftogudhiaib baiov^-t ijjO .noelisqitioD iol ^oiJudiiJeib MHM ail* sib eanil biloe. ' : .(3X9$ 99e)
'• •; - •
![Page 9: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
> $
31
-18-M<^ -• H^fUcs, C^c.p£, ^A^ect \§T7
u
cdt3
10 =
| 0.1
a03
o
10
0.1
k•••'-'• t F I; I, I. it li ( t • lr I I I I I I 3
10-2. 0-1
a (yLim) . - .
Fig. 2.— Case Agrain size distributions for Itv = &fc The values of ,6c are indicated/ The heavy,solid lines are the MRN distribution, for comparison. Our favored distribution has bc = 6 X}(F(see text). r ' .~.
![Page 10: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
,
01
V
51
HAS Isbom
niuiio.sq? y.'ioJfiiodfil HAS
mij-iip9q2 YjidJBiodfif snsnoioo/--
siiriqfiig —
01,.
(r"ma }-A0
BO
.aHMlo tnirtfa^ aoiJcpoadfi ffsfahr&ifo ^I'fanB teloivs-tflu 9rfT —JCsT*
![Page 11: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
40
30
O
c\2
a-
CD
I
o
20
CO
cd
Q io
o
~~i * 1 •• :b
:—— model PAH
PAH laboratory spectrum
|_ . \ cororiene laboratory spectrumgraphite
o
1 1.••- F ^—I I f f r
Fi„_J__ The ultraviolet and far ultraviolet absorption spectrin!* of PAHs.
r ••'•?• •
10
,-•
t 1 n—r
20
![Page 12: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
w
COCD
CD
CD
25
20
2•r—i
• f—1 15•r—1
3cr
P3
12
gra: XMMP=3.0
gra: XMMP=2.0
gra: XMMP=1.5_
0.01 0.1
a (jum)
fc>-. . -,: .'
. 15
i——rp—i—i -ri, iii
Fig. 3.— Equilibrium temperatures for graphite (dotted lines); arid silicate grains (sblid lines) in environments withvarious starlight intensities.
![Page 13: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
51 ,
III M—I 1 T"
r
1 i i i i • • i r
O.S=qHMx :si§
a-I=sMMX :£ns
as
OS
ei
SI1.0
(fXIi\) 610.0
W
CD
<-+
&>•-?CD
CD
I !•
a
5TDw
dJiw ajnsmnoiivns til {iatai biloe) -enisia Sisbilia bns ;(83nil baJilob) ejirfqsig iol aamdBisqmsJ mundiiiupSI —.8 .gjft. ' '•', .aaiJianoJni jdgtlieJa ai/orusv
![Page 14: 1 =) ^l^*-^ W^m^a. oxT^cT^A. ^ u^o-Tv^cTii *^Wbolatto/teaching/ASTR... · Jrigh-raqqirs/IT .(anil biloe nidi jaHA^ gnlbubni fA0oS >a>5.8 .enososnodiso) "d^bos ;(anil woiusn sdT .bnsd](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041113/5f20b7ab99a8c87fe929981e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7.2 Interstellar Dust Emission 165
Grain temperature
Time
Fig. 7.10. Scheme for the time evolution of the temperature, hence of the emitted intensityfor grains of different sizes, submitted to the interstellar radiation field. The big grains(broad horizontal line, 3), are in thermal equilibrium and their temperature, hence the emittedintensity, does not vary. The smallest grains experience an immediate, very strong increasein temperature after absorption of a photon, and rapidly cool down to a low temperature (1).The temperature of intermediate-size grains increases slightly after each photon absorption,causing temperature fluctuations less pronounced than in the preceding case (thin line, 2).The scales are arbitrary and different for each case.
T (K)
t 1—i—i—i i i ig
Graphite
1000
Fig. 7.11. Temperature distributions dP/d\n T for graphite grains of various radii a exposedto the interstellar radiation field near the Sun. P(T) is the probability that a grain will havea temperature larger than T. Note that the big grains are approximately in equilibrium ata temperature ofabout 20K. Reproduced from Draine &Anderson [135], with the permissionof the A AS.