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PhanTo"ng Quan Luj.n an PTS. Khoa hCJC

1.KHAI NIEM CIIDNG vt SINH TRUdNG DINHDUONG.

Sinh tru'dng dint du'ong cua diy la chu6i cae stf ki~n ctfc ky phuc

tq.p,nhu'ng ph6i tri ra't tinh vi. Sinh tru'dngb~t d~u bfulgqua trlnh phan chia,

keo dai va phan h6a t~ baa (Mai Tr~n NgQc Ti~ng, 1989) [9]. Khi ti~n

tanh cac qua trlnh tren thl xay ra qua trlnh phat sinh hlnh thai cac bQph~n

cd ban cua cay. T3.'tca cac s11ki~n d6 du<Jcph6i h<Jpnha thong tin da dint

sAntrong ADN va nha ch3.'tDHSTTV trong cay. Ta't ca s11phat tri€n va

ph6i h<Jpn~y d~u chill anh huang cua moi tr1fCJngma trong d6 cay phat

tri€n cling nhu' thanh ph~n cae ch3.'tdinh du'CJngcling ca'p cho cay (Vli Van

V1}va CSV, 1993) [13].

2. NGUONGOC vA DAc TlNH SINHTRI1dNG-PHAT TRI~N CUA

CAYLANHODIEP.

2.1. SrIphan b6.

H6 Di~pc6 ngu6ng6c CJ TayNamAChau, tr~HrQngireD nhfi'ngvung

filiicaD d Trung Qu6c va Tay Tq.ngd~n Dc chau, tren vung kinh tuy~n baa

g6m gifi'a An DQ dudng va Thai Blnh du'dng. NguCJi13con g~p gi6ng n~y aSumatra, Borneo, Celebes, Nouvelle Ca16donie (Mary Noble, 1971) [40]

(Hlnh 1).

-4-

Pl1/in Tong Quan Lu?n an PTS Khoa h<;x

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PHALAENOPSIS

HABITATS

30.

10'

10'

20'

ffinh 1. Ban d6 phan b6 Ian H6 Dit$p(theo Mary Noble, 1971).

Day la nhfi'ngdiy s6ng bigu sinh, tren nhfi'ng diy cao trong rung d:1y

c6 ~m dQcao, ho?c ra-tg:1nda-ttren nhfi'ngcay nho (arbutes),hay s6ng barn

tfen nhft'ngh6c da, hay tren nhfi'ng dam feu d:1y,mQt vai loai s5ng d vung

yen bign. Lan H6 Dit$pit thich hQp vdi n:ing hdn so vdi nhfi'ng loq.i phong

Ian c6 giii hanh. Nhit$tdQthkh hQpcho slf tang tru'dng va phat trign la 15°C

~ -5-

Phin Tdng Quan Luin an PTs. Khoa h9C

-38°C va gi5ng n~y thu'<1ngs5ng d cao dQ 200-400 met (\Villiam va

Kramer~ 1983) [91].

Ten Phalaenopsis, co ngu6n g5c tir Phalaina (phalen e) va d'Opsis

(apparence), du'QcBlume (nha Th1fcV?t hQc ngu'<1iHa Lan) d~t vao Dam

1852 khi Dngkham pha mQt loai Ian d~c bit%tco boa gi5ng canh bu'dm, do

la Phalaenopsis amabilis.

Da so' cac tac gia d~u d6ng y xSp chi H6 Dit%pco 1 nlli, ki~u phM boa

ben va co ca'u t(;10ddn trQc. Trong chi n~y co khoang 70 loai, du'Qc phan b5

trong nhiIDg vung va khu v1fc khac nhau. Cac loai n~y thu'<1ngxuyen lai

cheo vdi nhan, do d6 pha ht%cua nhfi'ng cay nh?n du'Qc cling ra't phuc t(;1p.

ThS h~ con chaD cua chung cling khang thu~n nha't. Tuy nhien, s1flai t(;10

du'a dSn IDQtlQiich Mn d~ cung ca"pnhfi'ng ca th& luau luau d6i mdi va

nhiTngd~c tmb quySn rfi cua boa (Perlz, 1974) [94].

2.2. Ca'u t~o cUa cAy.

M~c du Ian H6 Di~p ra't da d(;1ngv~ di truy~n nhu'ng chung cling d~u

co nhfi'ng d~c tinh chung v~ ca'u t(;10cua cd quail dinh du'ong va cd quail

sinh san.

2.2.1. Cd quaD dinh du'ong.

Cd quail dinh du'ong baa g6m mQt trqc ddn than, t(;10ra bdi ll1Qtdinh

sinh tnfdng ho<;1tdQng lien t1)C,co hai hang la, xSp d5i dit%n,cach nhau bdi

nhiTngddt than ra"tng~n, khang co gia hanh.

-6-

PhJ.'n T6ng Quan Lui.rJ an ITs. Khoa h<;JC

La hdi mQng nudc hlnh d~ng ddn gian (ellip thuQn dai, ngQn giao),

c6 by 13mthan, leidu'dicling heo l1}ngthlla mdi mQcleu to'ngQn.T5ng quat

mQt cay c6 ti1'4 - 5 la ho~t dQng.

MBi tl1}clei c6 hai ch6i x~p ch6ng, ch6i bell tren cho mQt tl1}cphat

boa sau khi earn U'ngra hoa, ch6i bell du'di cho ra mQt cay con trong tru'<Jng

h<;1pc6 s11cd v~ ho~t dQng cua dinh sinh tru'ong ngQn (Rotor, 1959) [48]

(Hlnh 2).

La

Yay h1

Binh sinh tnrong tren'-'

Dinh sinh tnrong rln'di,-

moo 2. Ca'u tgOdinh sinh tru'ongcua H6 Bi~p (theo Rotor, 1959)

-7-

Ph& Tdng Quan Lu?D an PTs. Khoa hr;x:

R~ ba"tdinh kill sinh duQc mQctll' g6c cua than xuyen qua by let R~

ra"tnhieu va phan nhanh, rS m~p, d~y n~c, sItphan nhanh n~y tuy thuQcvao

srIsinh tru'dng cua cay. R~ barn ch~t tren gia th~.

Cay hut hdi nudc trong khong kh! va nhft'ng khoang cha"ttll' nhft'ng

cay ma no s6ng barn tren do, man xanh cua rS cho tha'y chAcchAnchung co

ho~t dQngquang hQp.

2.2.2. Cd quan sinh san.

SrI t~o thanh tn;lcphat boa sdm du'Qcphan bi~t vdi sIt phat tri~n cua

r~. SIt xua"thi~n cua d~u tn;lc phat boa t~o thanh mQtkhe thAngxuyen qua

baa vo la, tn;lc phat boa ben, ddn gian hay phan nhanh, mang boa d hai

ben, boa omh vao tn;lc nhCJcudng boa. Trong khi a'y, sIt xua"t hi<%ncua rS

du'Qcghi nh~n bdi mQt slf md vong iron.

Khi mQt hay hai tn;lc ph:H boa sinh ra tll' nhtmg ch6i ben, chung se

c~nh tranh cac cha"tdinh duong cua cay. Trong tru'CJnghQp hai phat boa

xua"thi<%ncung mQt luc, till sIt phat tri~n cua no se tuy thuQc vao thO'tIt

hu'dngngQn,nhu'ngkhongphai Iuc nao ding co tru'CJnghQptren.

Trong giai do~n tr6 boa, slf phat tri~n cua cd quail dinh duong co

ph~n ch~m l~i, nhu'ng nSu cay du'QCtudi nudc va dinh du'ong d~y dd tIll cay

vftn tiSp t\lC sinh tru'dng t6t.

Nhft'ng do~n long mang cac mftm boa (entre-noeuds) co chien dai

thay d6i ra"tkhac nhau, tuy thuQc vao gidng va chS dQ tr6ng tr9t (Troll,

1974) [96], cac m~m bell tren cua nhanh phat boa du'Qcbaa bdi nhft'ng la

-8-

Phin T6ng Quan Luin :inPTs. Khoa hflC

thn nho l~i (cataphylles), m6i mAm se phat triSn thanh ch6i dinh duang

ho~c thanh ch6i sinh san san khi xu ly cha'tDHSTTV.

Hoa to, trung blnh 6-12 cm b~ ngang, canh dai va canh trang thn6n

hlnh bAn dQc. Man sAccua boa phong phu, thay ddi to' trAng, trAng h6ng,

trAng vang, h6ng do d~n tim. Phi~n m6i chia lam 3 thllY,man sAcs~c sd.

Hoa c6 mang 2 kh6i pha'n hlnh cAn(Anh 1, Anh 2).

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~nh 1. S11phong phil v~ hlnh d£;mgva man s~c cua phong Ian H6 Bi<$p.

-9-

Ph5n Tdng Quan Luj.o. an PTs. Khoa hqc

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Anh 2. Slf phong phil v~ hlnh d~ng va man s~c cua phong Ian H6 E>i~p.

-10-

Phdn Tdng QUal] Luin in PTs. Khoa h9C

2.2.3 . Stf phat triln cUBcAy.

Cay Hd Bi<$pkhong co giai do~n nghi, khi nhi<$tdQ tha"p srI tang

trltdng cua cay hoan loan ch~rn i~i deSCall U'ngra boa. Du'di dlng rnQt che'

dQ earn U'ngnhu' cung rnQtvI tuye'n, vao rnua dong cac cay trdng trong nha

kinh thl thi1ikYtrd boa tuy theo loai.

Till du:

. Phalaenopsis arnabilis L., trd boa vao giua thang 12 de'n thang 4.

. Phalaenopsis schillerana , trd boa vao giua thang 2 de'n thang 4.

B5i vdi nhtrng gi5ng lai, giai do~n trd boa kh6 co theSxac dinh mQt

cach chinh xac (Noble, 1971) [40].

San khi du'Qc th~ pha"n, b~u noan Idn - d~n, khoang 8 de'n 9 thang san

thl trai chin. Trai chua ra"tnhi~n h~t, h~t nha Ii ii, khong co phoi nhu, phoi

khong phan boa.

Trong di~n ki~n trf Dillen, d~ n§'y m~rn cua nhfi'ng h~t n~y c~n sIt

cQng sinh cua ffiQt loai Dam Rhizoctonia (Izrainxki, 1968) [2], nhu'ng ty l~

thanh cong thu'i1ng ra"ttha"p.

2.2.3.1. Nhilng d~c tinh v~ giai dos;tnphat triln CUBtrvc phat hoa.

T~c phcit boa co theSphan bi<$tthanh cae vung san:

. Do~n mang m~rn pilla du'di la nhfi'ng ffi~m ngd (zone de reiteration)

(Halle, 1978) [78].

. Do~n ke'tie'p cho nhtrng phat boa thu ca'p (zone de renfort) (Sell, 1964)

[89].r.~~~~'-:~,.-~:-:- '-ri-:'ILi-:ln\i;'A!U:'i\~"~~:ljl

lII '-~lj !! \/F-" !,!('~r; \tr,(\,li,J ~!C.1'.j;\;Jn:)I.J

, _.: :~ IL-, ~ ~

-11-

Phffn Tang Quan Luin ;in PTS. Khoa hr;x:

. Do~n cuo'i cling tu'ong U'ng vdi mQt chilm boa so ca'p (zone

d'inflorescentielle ).

Da so' nhffng khuynh hu'ang tntdc day v~ nghh~n cuu ca thS va d~c

tinh v~ giai do~n phat sinh hinh thai trong sf! phat triSn cua m~m boa 0 Hd

Di<$pd~u co xac djnh tinh cha't chung v~ srIra boa.

De Vries, 1953; Nishimura, 1972; Sakanishi, 1980 [23,39,52], dfixac

djnh teen sf! phat triSn cua nQboa d~u tieD (PI) 0 trQcphat boa. Nhffng giai

do~n phat tri~n cua ca th~ se tily thuQc vao chi~u dai tu'ong U'ngcua tnJc

phat boa hay theo tu6i cua chung kS to'khi no nho fa.

Nhfi'ng lac ghi n~y cfing nh~n tha'y m~m boa d~u tien bi phan hoa

lien tQc0 giai do~n d~u keo dai cua phat boa. De Vries gQiday 13giai do~n

I, 0 giai do~n filly m~m hoan loan khong nho len, khi do phat boa dai

khming 4 cm. Giai do~n IV xay fa 5 tu~n san do, d~c tinh ro net trong giai

do~n n~y la s11no boa ciia cac nQboa. d giai do~n n~y, th(ji gian no boa tily

thuQc nIt Ion vao diSu ki<$nnhi<$t.dQchill dlfng trong giai do~n keo dai phat

boa, thdi gian n.1y giam khi nhi<$t dQ tu'ong do'i khoang 15°C de'n 27°C,

ngu'qc l~i thdi gian n.1y se gia tang khi nhi<$tdQ tu'ong do'i vu'qt qua 20°C

de'n 30°C.

Srf tang tru'dng va phat tri€n cua phat boa Hd Di<$pco thS chia lam 5

thdi leY(Sakanishi va CSV, 1980) [52]. Theo Hermann S., 1986 [80], bi€u

d6 s11tang tru'dng va phat tri~n cua phat boa Hd Di<$pnhu'sau:

-12-

~ ~Pl1ffn Tong Quan LuiLJ in PTS. Khoa hC?C

Bi€u d6 1 : BiSu d6 tang tru'ong va phM triSn eua phM boa H6 E>i~p.

Chi~u dai (em) I: 5 F5 ..

dt- : glal o~n Ill} thti' 5 '

F4 : giai dO~ll lllJ thti' 4

F3: giai dO~ll llt;!thti' 3

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F2: giai do~n llt;!th(f 2

Fl :giai dO~ll nl} h03 th(f 1

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Thai gian (ltl~n)

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.tgiai doan TT "::i ~ K")' <{'). . ,I I \ I

vaPT "'\"1 ..-I -Chti thieh: 1: Thai ky ti~m tang

2: Th(jj ky tang nhanh3: ThCiiky keo da i4: Thai ky tang tru'ong eh~m h,li

5: Thai ky 11gU'ng

1-0 > 1-7 : giai do~n xua't hi~ll t~e pilat boa va cae m§m JJgli2-3 > 2-5 : giai do~n xua't hi~n nt;!boa3-t > : oiai doan nu hoc.-thti'1 nob . .

-13-

Phin T6ng Quan Lu4-n an PTs. Khoa h9C

. ThC1ikY tiSm tang:

DiSn ra trong khming thC1igian 3 tu~n, VaGgiai do9n d~u lien khi

tu'qng khoi phat boa. Khoi d~u cho slf mo vang 0 vi tri ch6i nach du'oi cling

cuala.

. ~kY tang nhanh:

Trong giai do9n tang tru'ong n~y la slf bAt d~u phat tri~n ca th~ cua

nhiIng nQ boa tren phat boa.

. ThC1ikY keG dai:

DiSn ra tiSp thee d6. ThC1iIcyn~y thay ddi tuy thee d:Tlctinh di truySn

cua cay va It%thuQc VaGchS dQ nu'oc, dinh du'ong cua cay. Day la giai do9n

tang tru'ong tuySn tinh, trong giai do9n n~y cac long tren cQng phat boa keG

dai trong khi nhiIng nl1boa tiSp tQcphat tri€n.

. ThC1ikY tang tru'ong cham 1ai:

Trong thC1ikY n~y, nhiIng nQ boa da bean chinh hlnh thai, dS dang

nh~n thc1ydu'qc chung 0 nach cua 1a b~c.

. ThC1ikY ngU'ng:

Trong thC1ikY n<iyta"tca cac nQ boa xuc1thit%n,nQ boa d<iutien no ra.

2.2.3.2. 81/ tr6 boa.

Thong thu'C1ngkhi nhln VaGhlnh thai bell ngoai cua cay, chung ta c6

th~ dean du'<;lckhi xuc1thit%nphat boa till dQ Ion cua chung se nhu' the' naco

Slf carn tihg fa hoa cua H6 Di~p aa duQc nghien cUu bdi slj chuy€n

hoa cua chung khi d?t a anh sang. William. 1970: Slide va Tsutsui, 1978

[65, 55], xep chung VaGnh6m C.A.M (Crassulacean Acid Nletabolism).

-14-

Phffn Tdng Quan Luin in PTs. Khoa h(X

Trong thtfc te', s1fdi~u chinh ttf Dillen giua di;ictinh cua stf bie'n du'ong

C.A.M va nhi~t dq ban dem thip khming 20°C, lu'Qng CO2 cao se cam U'ng

ra boa.

Theo Ting, 1985, Goh va CSV, 1977 [59, 26], th1fcv~t C.A.M co

nhfi'ngdi;icdi~m nhu' san:

- Ham lu'Qng axil hUn cd dao dqng ngay va demo

- Stf dao dqng ngay va dem hd tu'dng nhau cua cacbohydrat d1ftrU.

- Ham lu'Qngcao cua PEP cacboxylaza (Photphoenol pyruvat

cacboxylaza).

- Nhfi'ng tS baa co khong baa ldn thl co 11}cl~p.

- Ham Iu'Qngnu'dc trong nhu mo cao.

- San phifm d§u tieD cua s1fcd dinh co2 la axil malic.

Ngu'di ta khong th~ ng<;lcDillen ne'u tit ca nhfi'ng nghien CtTut~p trung

v~ s1f trb boa d nhfi'ng boa Ian n§y cho thiy chung rit nh~y carn d5i vdi

nhi~t dq. d nhfi'ngcay dang cam U'ngra boa ngu'di ta co th~ thay ddi nhi~t

dq d~ lam mil Idui Dang ra boa va quay v~ giai doC1-ndinh du'ong. Rotor,

1959 [48], cho rAng khong chi co nhi~t dq ban dern thip va ngay ngAn

cling kich thich carn U'ngra boa ma ho~t dqng cua chu kY sang clIng du'Qc

xac dinh.

NguQcl~i. De Vries, 1953 [23], cho rAngchi co nhi~t dq ban dem

mat 13 di~u ki~n d€ trd boa.

Nishimura. 1972 [39] nghi ngd vS anh huang cua ngay ngAn trong sIt

dim U'ngtrd hoa cua phong Ian H6 f)i~p.

-15-

Ph9n Tdng Quan Lui-tJ ia PTs. Khoa hr;x;

Trfin Thanh Van, 1974 [61], cha'p nh~n rnQt ke't Iu~n trung gian boi VI

lac gia cho tha'y hit$u qua cua srI carn U'ng0 nhit$t dQ tha'p ding gi5ng nhu' 0

ngay ngfin hay dai. Tuy nhien, lac gia xac dinh ding, giai do~n chie'u sang

tro Den gidi h~n khi nhit$tdQban dern tdi ngu'ong gidi h~n, giai do~n carn

U'ngra boa nfiy c6 th~ keo dai dSn 5 tufin tily thuQc vao tu6i cua cay du'qc

xu Iy va nhit$t dQ carn U'ngra boa.

De Vries, 1953 [23] d~ nghi, xu Iy nhit$t dQ tha'p d~ carn U'ngra boa,

khi xua't hit$n vay la dfiu tieD 0 phat boa thl srI phat triSn cua phat boa

khong con tro ng~i nlla, ngay san khi giai do~n kS tiSp d~t trong di~u kit$n

nhit$t dQ tU'21°C-29°C.

2.3. Vi tri cua phong Ian H6 Di~p tren thj truOng.

So vai da 56 cae lo<;iiIan iren thj. tnfang hi~n nay, thl H6 Bi~p n6i b~t

hdn bdi cae d~c tinh cua boa da d~ng, mall sAc phong phu, boa Iau tan,

trung blnh boa tu'di ireD eanh e6 thS keo dai 3 de'n 4 thang (Broly, 1982)

[73].T~c phat boa dai, du'ang kinh to, rnang nhi~u boa to, trung blnh 7-15

hoa, do d6 rfft thu~n lqi cho vit$ctrang tri, va c6 th~ cfit canh xua't khgu,

chuyen chd xa ma khong anh hu'ong de'n cha't Iu'qng boa. H6 Dit$p c6 gia t:ri

kinh te' cao hdn mQt 55 gi6ng Ian khae. Ne'u bie't dung bi~n phap kY thu~t

de thuc diy vit$c fa boa sdrn tm se c6 lqi nhi~u trong vit$c kinh doanh.

-16-

Phffn Tdng QUaD Luin an PTs. Khoa h<:JC

3.ANH mJ<1NGCUA CHAT DHSTTVvA MOT s6 CHATKHAC

TIU:N s11SINH TRU<1NGvA PHAT TRIEN.

3.1. Lieh su'.

Cae cha't E>HSTTV da d11'qcquail tam va nghien cU'uto' cach day hdn

mQt the" IcY.Cac nha SLTV thU'a nh~n c6 5 nh6m chtt DHSTTV chinh la

auxin, giberenlin, xitokinin, axit apxixic va etylen (Leopold, 1972; Mai

Tran NgQcTie"ng,1989; NguySn van UySn, 1989) [31,9, 12].

Nam 1880 Jalius Sachs cho rhng cac cha't trong cay c6 tac d1JngoiSu

khiSn s1.fsinh tru'dng cac cd quail khac nhau cua cay. Cling flam 1880

Charles va Francis Darwin nghien cU'uvS hi<%uU'ng cua anh sang tren s1.f

cong di<%ptieu Avena. Nam 1910 Boysen Jensen tha'y rhng ne"u lo~i bo

di<%ptieu thl khong xily ra s1.fuan congo Nam 1919 Paal cho thty ne"ucAt bo

di<%ptieu r6i d~t khong 06u hay l<%chmQt bell leu chd than bi cAt till baa la

mam v§n nan cong cach xa vi tri l<%chmQtbell cua oinh. Nam 1928 Went

ph::ithi<%nvai fro kich thlch s1.fkeD dai te"baa cua auxin. Nam 1934 Kogl dil

tach rieng auxin til' n11'dctiSn ng11'Cliva xac dinh 06 la AlA. Nam 1940

Heagen Smit va CSV cho r~ng AlA Ia mQtthanh phan t6n t~i t1.fnhien cua

Cac chtt DHSTTV khac Ian 111'<;11du'qc kham pha san d6:

Nam 1926 Eiichi Knrosawa phat hi<%nlo~i na'm Gibberella fujikuroi

!I

:II!I

thq'c v~t b~c caD.

ky sinh tr€m cay Ilia oil lam than cay Ilia keD dai. Nam 1934 Yabnta va

-17-

Phin Tdng QUaE Lujo. :inPTS. Khoa h{JC

CSV da kSt tinh du'qc axil giberenlic va lo~i ho~t cha't n~y du'qc su d~ng

rQng rai sau d6.

Nam 1892 Wiesner cho rhng trong cay tdn t~i nhan t5 phan cilia te'

bao.

Nam 1913 Haberland nh~n tha'y dich chie't cua mo ca r6t c6 th~ lam

nhu mo phan chiao

Nam 1955 Carlos Miller t6ng hqp du'qc xito~ tll' vit$c xu 1:9nhit$t

ADN.

Nam 1953 Osborne kham pha mQt cha't c6 ho~t tinh kich thlch srf

~ng la. Addicott va CSV (1968) d:[ltten la axil apxixic.

Nam 1934 Gane nh~n tha'y khi qua chin t~o ra kill etylen. Mai de'n

Dam 1960 etylen mdi du'qc cong nh~n la mQt cha't sinh tru'ong tdn t~i trf

Dillen.

3.2. Thu~t llgt1.

Cha't sinh tru'ong thrfc v~t hay con gQi la cha't di~u boa sinh tru'ong

thtfc v~t 1a cae hqp cha't bUn cd (bao g5m cae san ph«m thien Dillen cua

thtfc v~t va cae hqp cha't t6ng hqp nhan t~o) c6 lac d~ng di~u liSt cae qua

trlnh sinh tru'ong va phcit trieD, lam bie'n d6i mQt qua trlnh -sinh1:9thItc v~t

n?lOd6, d nhung n6ng dQ ra't tha'p. Chung khong phai 1a cae cha't dinh

du'ong hay cae sinh t6 dung trong thItc v~t.

-18-

Phin Tdng Quan Lu$n in PTs. Khoa h9C

3.3. Ca'u truc va chuc n~ng ho~t dqng.

3.3.1. Auxin.

Auxin la mQt nh6m cac ch~t du'qct5ng hqp chu y€u d dffu than, d§u

r~, du'qcv~n chuy&nd€n cac bQph~n khac nhau cua cd th&d&nch thich stf

tang tru'dng cua t€ bao.

Cac phan U'ng auxin va stf sinh tru'dng c6 lien quail vdi vo s5 qua

trlnh sinh 19 va trao d5i ch~t khac va m5i quail ht? nhan qua giua auxin,

ARN va chuy&nh6a protein khong phai hoan. toaDTOrang. PhanU'ng chu

y€u va nhanh ch6ng nh~t d5i vdivit?c xu 1y auxin la lam tang dQ keD dai

cua t€ baa, di&un§y xffy ra chi mQt vai phut sau khi xu ly. MQt d~c tru'ng

quail trQng la vach t€ baa la mQtvi tri quail trQng chiu stf tac dQng cua cac

ch~t DHSTTV (Torry va CSV, 1981) [60]. Auxin lam giam pH do nch

thich stf bai xu~t proton W, pH th~p ho9t h6a cac enzim tac dQngndi long

vach t€ baa va enzim t5ng hqp vach t€ baa. nha d6 khdi dQng qua trlnh

gHlnnd t€ biw (Roger Frat, 1993) [87].

-19-

O::1CH,-COOH .-ex O-CH,COOHrocn,COOH::;.-' ::;.-'

I I I I:::-.. N Cl:::-" Cl

IH

AlA 2,40 ANA

(Axit IndolAxetic) (Axit 2.4-0iclorophenoxyaxetic) (Axit NapthalenAxetic )

Phffn T6ng Quan Luin iW.PTs, Khoa h(JC

Auxin ho<,lthoa s11sinh t5ng hqp cac hQp cha't cao phan tu (protein,

xenlulo, pectin...) va ngan can s11 phan giai chung (Grodzinxki va

Grodzinxki, 1981) [1].

3.3.2. Giberenlin.

CH2

"0

CH3

Axit giberenlic

Gib. 13hQp cha't c6 tac d1}.Ilg!dch thich t€ baa than cay keo dai. Phan

U'ngkeo dai than diy chu y€u 13 do s11tang tru'dng t€ baa chITkhong do s11

phan cilia tg baa. Tac dQng cua gib. h~u nhu'len toan bQ qua trlnh sinh

t!1tdngva phat tri~n cua cay. Gib. pha bo tr<,lngthai ngu trong h:;1tngfi c5c.

Gib. c6 th~ gay nd boa d cay c~n nhit%tdQ l<,lnhva cay pht;l thuQCquang 10'.

Cac nghien CUub~ng d6ng vi ph6ng x~ chUng minh gib. !dch thich s11

t<,lOenzim amilaza do !dch thich 511t5ng hQp ARNm. C6 m6i lien quail giifa

gib. trong t5ng h<;1pARN va t5ng h<;1pprotein trong t€ baa (Vil van Vl} va

CSV, 1993) [13].

-20-

Phin Ttfng Quan Lujn an PTs. Khoa h((C

Gib. co khii Dang bao vay cae nhom ho~t dQng cua enzim oxy hoa

.AlAnhu'AlA oxydaza, flavin oxydaza Di~u nfiy gay Den stf nch lfiy aux.

d6ng thai d.1y m~nh stf sinh trUdng.

3.3.3. Xitokinin

~H[\d

Cr~H \ H

BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine)

Day Ia cha't ho~t hoa slf phan cilia te' bao theo Mitsuhashi va CSV,

1969, Mai Trfin NgQe Tie'ng, 1989 [35, 9], d6ng thC1ilam tang qua trlnh

chuyin hoa axit nucleic va protein (Vfivan VI}va CSV, 1993) [13].

Xito. pha vd tr~ng thai ngu cua h~t, neh thich h~t n.1ymfim, lam tang

slfnd boa. Xito. gay nen stf hillh thanh ch6i mfim trong nhi~u mo bao g6m

mo SyOsinh trUdng (eals) trong mo nuoi cdy, hay vi<%ct~o thanh cae mo

bu'dud cae cay g6 lau nam (Nester va CSV, 1985~Taiz L. va CSV, 1991)

[38, 58].

Xito. kieh thich slf t6ng hqp mdi enzim Rubiseo (Ribulozo-l,5-

biphotphat caeboxylaza/oxygenaza) ho:;.ed mue sao chep (lam tang ho~t

tinh ARN- polymeraza) ho:;.ed mue dieh ma ( thanh l~p cae polyriboxom)

-21-

Phin Tdng Quan LUfiD ;inPTS. Khoa h<;x:

..

(Parthier, 1985) [42]. Anh huang cua xito. tha'y ra khi ph6i h<;1pSITdl1ngvdi

auxin (Meredith va CSV, 1970) [34]. Skoog va CSV, 1948 [54] gill nh~n

1u'<;1ngxito. cao co t.lc dl1ng nch thich slI t~o ch6i, d6ng thCJiU'cchS slI phan

hoa t~o rS.

3.3.4. Axit apxixic.

~ "OH COOH

0 ~

AAB (Axit apxixic)

AAB 13 cha't tICch€ sinh tru'ong ph6 bi€n va lien quail d€n hi~n tu'Qng

n;mg 1a va qua, gay hi~n tu<;1ngngu, ldrn ham sll n<1ych6i va sll phan cilia

cac mo nuoi ca'y (Grodzinxki, 1981) [1].

AAB lac oQng leu sll t6ng h<;1pprotein thong qua vit$cho~t hoa ho~t

tinh cua ribonucleaza, enzim tham gia phan giai axil nucleic. SQ'ho~t hoa

d6 se lam tang sll phan giai ARN va do do lam gi<imsll t6ng hQp protein

phl1thuQc ARN (Vil van Vl1va CSV, 1993) [13]. G~n day, nguCJita chung

minh vi tri lien k€t cua AAB vdi protein dinh vi tren b~ m~t cua mang sinh

chat cua tS bao bao v€?,co vai fro di~u tiSt bdm K+ trong qua trlnh dong ma

16khi. AAB ho~t oQng d6i nghich vdi gib., can slf t6ng h<;1pamilaza (Taiz

L., 1991)[58].

-22-

, ""

PhAn Tong Quan Lu?n a.a PTs. Khoa h9C

3.3.5. Etylen

CH2 = CH2

Etylen la mQt cha't khi. Cho d~n nam 1960, etylen mdi du'Qcchinh

thuc cong nh~n nhu' mQtcha't sinh tru'ong t6n tqi ht limen.

MQt s6 tac dQng chu ye'u cua etylen tren srf sinh tru'ong thrfc v~t Ia

lam tang chin qua, hoa gia, nch thich srf[Qng, pha vo trqng thai ngu.

3.4. O-phenyl hydroxylamin.

~2yR2R3

Rl, R2, R3 c6 th€ la -H, -Me, -NO2, -Cl, -Br, -F.

Nhffng nam g~n day, ngu'CJita phat hit%nfa nhffng cha't d~n xua't thuQc

nhom a-phenyl hydroxylarnin cling co tac dQng diSu boa sinh tru'ong thrfc

v~t, nhu'ng theo mQt cd che' hoan toan kluic vdi cac cha't DHSTTV tru'dc

day, do la Mc dQng leu qua trlnh quang hQp cua cay xanh, vU'a diSu boa

sinh tru'dng cho cay tf6ng vita gilip lam tang lu'Qng oxy thily fa trong qua

trinh quang h<;lp,tU'do lam tang san lu'<;lngcay tr6ng. Chat n~y dil du'<;lcSIT

dl}ngnhiSu a Ilia mi, d~u nanh. ca chua va mQt s6 cay tr6ng khac (Van

Assche C.J. va CSV. 1985; Le NgQcPhat, 1990) [90,5].

-23-

Ph& Tdng Quan Luin an PTS. Khoa h9C

3.5.H</pchit phenol va cae chit uc che'sinh tnfong khac.

NhiSu hQpcha"tphenol t6n t~i t1.tnhien nhu' axit cinnamic, coumarin,

axit salicilic... .Phftn ldn cac hQp cha"tfifty t6n t~i du'di d~ng glycozit. Khi

du'Qctrilng hQp cac hQp cha"tphenol se lien kS"t vdi protein va uc chS"ho~t

dQng cua enzim (Vii van V~ va CSV, 1993) [13].

3.6. Lanolin.

C6 nhiSu hlnh thuc xU'ly cha"tkich thich sinh tru'dng th1J'cV?t tren diy

tr6ng nhu' tu'di, nhung, ngam ho~c dung cha"tmango Thlfc nghi~m cho tha"y

cha"tauxin khue"chtan tll' lanolin vao cay trong su6t thai gian dai. M~c du,

ch.Itkich thich sinh tru'dngphan b6 kha d6ng dSu trong kern lanolin, nhu'ng

khi dung phu'dng phap ete se dam bao dQd6ng dSu tuy~t do'i cua han hQp

(Klein R.M. va Klein D.T., 1974) [4].

T6m l~i, cac nha sinh ly thlfc V?t quail tam fun hieu cd che"ho~t dQng

cua cac ch.It DHSTTV vi hftu he"tcae qua trlnh sinh ly cua thlfc v~t to' n:iy

m~m de"nra boa trong thien nhien dSu do cac cha"tn~y kiSm soat (Klambt,

1985; Taiz va Zeiger, 1991) [30, 58]. C6 the n6i ne'u khong c6 cac cha"t

DHSTTV thi kh6ng co 5lfsinh tru'dngd thlfc V?t va kh6ng c6 tr~ng thai can

bhng hocmon thich hQp thi se kh6ng c6 m6i lien quail sinh tru'dng thich

hqp. Cac chat BHSTTV co th€ lam chuy€n hu'dng ho~c thuc d~y nhanh hay

-24-

Phin Trfng Quan LU?1J:in PTs. Khoa hc;x:

ch~m cac con du'<1ngbie'n du'ong khac nhau (Bui Trang Vit$t, 1989; Vfi Van

V1}va CSV, 1991) [11, 13].

4.VAl TROSINHLY CUAMOTs6 NGurtN 1'6 KHOA~

4.1 .Vai tro sinh If cua Nitd:

Nito 1a mQt trong nhiIng nguyen to' dinh du'ong cftn thie't, 1a thanh

phftn chu ye'u cua cha"tnguyen sinh te' baa, tc,lOdit$p l1}cto', tham gia vao slf

thanh l~p protein don gian va phuc tq.p.

Nito 1a ye'u to' dinh du'ong d6ng g6p n~t quail trQng trong vit$c diSu

tiSt va thuc d£y qua trlnh sinh 19, trao d5i chc1tcua diy. Nito 1a thanh phftn

bAtbuQc dS xay dtfng Den cac protit d~c bit$t mang hoq.t tinh enzim c6 kha

Dang xuc tac cac qua trlnh trao d5i chc1ttrong cay.

Nito con 1a thanh phftn cua nhiSu vitamine B 1, B2, B6, PP..., d6ng

vai tra 1a nh6m hoq.tdQngcua nhiSu ht$enzim oxy hoa khu, trong d6 c6 slf

tq.othanh adenin (Bonner, 1966) [16].

Nito con t.k dQng nhiSu m~t de'n slf d6ng boa CO2, khi thie'u nito

cu'<1ngdQ ddng h6a CO2 giiim lam giam cu'<1ngdQ quang hQp. Khi cling cc1p

d~y du nita cho cay Himt5ng hQp auxin tang 1en (Phq.m Dlnh Thai, 1980)

[7].

-25-

Phdn T6ng Quan Luin ;inPTs. Khoa h{JC

Ngoai fa, nitd con anh hu'dng dSn cae chi tieu h6a keo cua cha't s5ng

nhu'de) u'a nu'dc, de)nhdt..., ta'd6 anh hu'dng dSn cu'Cfngde) quang hqp, ho

ha"pva cae qua trlnh sinh ly trao d6i cha"t.

4.2. Vai tro sinh Iy cua Photpho.

Photpho (P) la thanh phc1n quail trQngtrong s11sinh tru'dng, P cc1n

thiSt cho s11phan chia cua tS bao, s11t~o ho~ ~a trai, s11phat tri~n cua r~. P

c6 lien quail Idn dSn slf t6ng hqp du'Cfng,tinh be)t VIP 13thanh phc1ncua cac

hqp cha't cao nang tham gia vao cae qua trlnh phan giai hay t6ng hqp cae

hqp cha't hfi'u cd trong tS bao.

Photpho c6 vai fro quail trQng trong quang hqp d thltc V?t VI anh

hu'ang dSn qua trinh runh thanh cua di~p l1}ct5 (Trinh Xuan Vfi va CSV,

1976) [14].

4.3. Vai tro sinh Iy cua Kali.

Kali lam gia tang qua trlnh quang hqp va thuc d~y slf chuy~n v?n

gluxit tli'phiSn 1avao cae cd quail khac.

Ngoai vi~c trao d6i gluxit. kali con tac de)ng fO f~t dSn trao d6i

pfotid, lipit, dSn qua trlnh hlnh thanh cae vitamin.

-26-

Phin Tdng Quan Luj.D .in PTs. Khoa hr;x;

Kali la nguyen t5 c6 anh hu'dng Idn de'n ho ha"pcua te' bao. Kali c6

thS tham gia tich clfc vao qua trlnh ph~n buy cha't hfi'u cd cling nhu' qua

trlnh photphorin oxy boa t~o ATP (Ph~m Binh Thai, 1978) [7].

Kali gitip c~y cti'ngcap, d~ khang s~u bt%nh.

4.4 .Vai tro cua Manhe:

Manhe (Mg) la thanh ph~n ca'u truc cua di~p b;LCt5, c6 lac d1;Lngs~u

s~c va nhi~u m~t d~n qua trlnh quang hqp, phl;Ltrq cho nhi~u enzim lien

quail trong bie'n du'ong cacbohydrat, s1.ftdng hqp axil nucleic, s1.fbilt c~p

cua ATP vdi cac cha't phan ti'ng (Mai Tr~n NgQc Ti~ng va Bili Trang Vi~t,

1991) [10].

4.5. Vaitro cua kern.

Kern (Zn) thamgia trongquatrlnh tdngh<;1pauxin,VIZn c6 lien

quailde'nham lu'qngtriptophan-aminoaxit,ti~n th~ncua qua trlnh sinh tdng

hQp AlA. Khi thie'u Zn thi cu'CJngde)tdng hQp triptophan tll' indol va xerin bi

kiln ham (Vli Van Vl;Lva CSV, 1993) [13].

Zn con Hi cha't ho~t h6a cua nhi~u enzim dehydrogenaza, c6 thS c6

vai tro trong 5lft6ng hqp protein. Zn c6 lac d1;Lngph6i hQpvdi nh6m GA3.

,...,..

Phdn Tong QUail Luin :in PTS. Khoa h{JC

Zn co lien quail de'n sinh tdng hQp vitamin nhom B1. B2, B6, B12.

Ngoai fa, con ann huang t6t dSn dQbSn cna di~p l1}cto', co tac d1}ngt6t de'n

tdng hQp carotenoit.

Cac nha nghien cUu con xac nh~n vai tro cna Zn trong vi~c thuc d~y

sItv~n chuySn cac san ph~m quang hQptU'la xu6ng cac cd quail dlf tm (Vil

Van V1}va CSV, 1993) [13]. Zn co tac d1}ngHim tang kha Dang giif nudc,

dQng~m nudc cna mo, do lam tang qua trlnh tdng hQp cac cao phan tll' ITa

nudc nhu protein, axit nucleic.

5. SO LUOC vE CAC NGmEN COONIlAN GIONG IN. VITRO.

5.1. Nuoi ca'ydinh sinh tru'dng (DST) ngQn va dinh sinh tru'dng nach Ia.

Morel. 1964 [83], tach DST ngQnva DST nach la nuoi c~y trong moi

tru'dng dinh duong nhan t40. Ky thu~t fiftykhong mang l4i kSt qua kha quail

VIm~u v~t c~y tiSt ra nhiSu phU'chQp phenol va sail do m~u c~y l1}id§n

khong phcit triSn du'Qc.

Intuwong va Sagawa, 1974 [29], t40 duQc protoeormes (tiSn en) cna

DST ngQn va eh6i mieh khi SITd1}ngmoi tru'cmg lluoi e~y long cna Vaein va

\Vent, co them 15% nu'de dU'a.DS tranh hi~n tu'qng phenol ue ehS m~u v~t

cay, ong ph:Hca'y m~u sang moi tru'dngmdi cu each 10 ngay/l§n, va sail do

chuySn sang moi tru'dng d~e dS chung ph,it triSn thanh cay eon. Tuy nhien,

ti l~ m~u t~o du'Q'ctien Cllrat tha'p.

IIJ

l

-28-

Phffn Tang Quan LujrJ :in PTS. Khoa hf?C

5.2. Nuoi ca'ymAmngu a nhanh phat boa.

5.2.1. Phu'dng phap khong qua giro do~n t~o ti~n cu.

Phu'dng phap n§y du'qc nghien cU'ud§u tien boi Rotor G., 1949 [47],

mQt do?n nhanh phat boa Imming 4-5 em, c6 mang m§m ngu du'qc cf{y

trong moi tru'CfngKnudson C se t?Ocay con trong vong 2 tu§n va san 5 tu§n

m1acay se c6 r~, 0 giai do?n n§y cay c6 3 la.

Phu'dng phap n§y du'qc nhi~u ngu'CfiU'ngd~ng, nhu'ng gi)p nhi~u tro

ng?i nhu'ti It%nhi~m trilng kha cao. San d6, Urata va Iwanaga, 1965 [63],

c,H tie'n phu'dng phap n§y bAng kY thu~t semi-sterile, nghla la chi c6 ph§n

m§m ngu tr6i len mi)t dung dich con ph§n cqng boa pilla du'di du'qc figaro

trong dung dich trong di~u ki~n vo trung.

Tanaka va Sakanishi, 1978; Bouriquet, Broly va Legand, 1982 [57,

73] cho thf{ychung c6 3 ki~u phat tri~n :

-M§m ngu khong phat tri~n va che"ttrong thai gian ngiln.

- M§m ngu phat tri~n cho ra phat boa mdi 0 vi tri tren cao

(d6v6loppement reproductif).

- M§m ngu phat tri~n cho cay con tnfc tie'p (d6veloppement vegetatif).

5.2.2. Nh11ng nhan to"anh hu'ang de'n nuoi ca'y mAm ngd.~

a. Anh hu'ang CUBvi.trl mAm va ky thu~t la'ym~u.

Nhfi'ngm§m du'qctach tti'pilla du'di cua phat boa thl phat tri~n cho fa

cay con, nhfi'ng m§m tach a pilla tren cho ra ch6i sinh san (Urata va

Iwanaga 1965; Tanaka va Sakanishi. 1978) [63, 57]. Koch, 1974 [93], cho

tha'y d vi tri cang g§n g6c cua phat boa ti It%nhiSnl cang cao.

~-29-

Phdn Tdng Quan Lu$r1 ill PT5. Khoa h9C

b ., ,~.,... Anh hu'uug cua loai.

KiSu gen cua cay kiSm soat kha Dang phat triSn cua cac m~m boa.(Zimmer va Pieper, 1979) [68]. d gi<3ngP.schilleriana va P.sanderiana

phcittriSn t<3thdn nhiIng loai khac va s11hlnh thanh cay nhanh (Urata va

Iwanaga 1965)[63].

c. Anh hu'O'ngcua thAnhpbh khoang trong moi tru'flng nuoi cry.

MQt s<3tac gia da: nghh~n CUTIanh hu'ong cua thanh ph~n mu<3i

khoang trong moi tru'()ngteen sl(phcit tri& 'cua nhiIngch6i va cho phepke't

lu~n nhu' san:

Theo Flamme va Boesman, 1977 [24]: "Moi tru'()ngMS (1962) thlch

hQpcho s11phcittriSn cua ch6i hdn moi tnt()ng Knudson C (1946)".

Thea Reisinger, Ball va Arditti, 1976 [45]: "Moi tru'()ng Knop t6t

hdn moi tru'()ng Knudson C".

Tuy Dillen, r5t kh6 so sanh cac moi tru'()ng vi s11SITdl;mg ch5t hUn cd

trong moi tru'()ng r5t da d~ng.

d. Anh bu'O'ngcua chit di~u boa sinh tru'ang thq'c v~t.

BAP anh hu'ong r5t ro teen s11phcit triSn cua ch6i (Koch, 1974;

Flamee va Boesman, 1977; Tanaka va Sakanishi, ,1978) [93,24,57].

BAP d6ng th()i nch thlch sr( phcit triSn cua ch6i boa. N6ng dQBAP

cang cao, tm nhiIng ch6i ngd cang giam va s11phat triSn vo tinh cang thu~n

IQi.N6ng dQ5-10 mgll se giup cho cay con phat triSn dS dang to'm~m ch6i

ban d~u, nhu'ng doi khi thuc d~y s11phcit triSn cua nhiIng yay hi khong hoan

chinh (Tanaki va Sakanisru, 1978) [57]. Ndng dQ BAP th5p 0 khoang 1

-30-

Phin T6ng Quan LU?J1a.aPTs. Khoa h{JC

mgll va 2,5 mgll thl thlch h<;1phdn (Koch, 1974; Tanaka va Sakanishi,

1978) [93, 57]. Them ANA vao moi tnfC1ngke"t h<;1pvdi BAP se lam tang

ho~t tinh cua chung hdn (Flamm va Boesman, 1977) [24].

Arditti them vao moi tnfC1ngchfftaxit trans cinnamic nhu' la mQtchfft

ch5ng auxin (anti auxin) (Van Overbeek, Blondeau va Home, 1954) [64],

chcitn~y lam U'cche"hi~u qua u'uthe"ngQnva lam ch6i mich phat tri~n..,

e. Anh hu'dng cua nhi~t dQVBanh sang.

Nhi~t dQ 20°C-28°C thu~n'l<;1icho vi~c nnoi cffy d~ ch6i dinh du'ong

phat tri~n. Nhi~t dQ n~y c6 hi~u qua gi5ng nhu' khi moi tnfC1ngc6 them

BAP d n6ng dQthffp (Tanaka va Sakanishi, 1978) [57].

Nhi~t dQ 37°C-38°C gidi h~n hoan toaD slf phat tri~n sinh san

(Reisinger, Ball va Arditti, 1976) [45].

Anh hu'ang cua thC1igian sang va cu'C1ngdQchie"usang tren, st,I'phat

tri~n cua ch6i khong quail trQngHim.Nhu'ng ngu'C1ita nh~n thffy rhng da s5

cae tac gia sU'dl1ng che"dQngay dai va cu'C1ngdQ thffp.

II

-31-

Caetac ia Nhit dQ (OC) Cu'CJndQ(lux)Intuwong va CSV. 1972 24-29 2500

Koch,1974 25 2500

Reisinger va CSV. 1976 25 2000

Pieper va Zimmer, 1976. tun du 26 0/24 0

. tun tie"ptheo 22 20/4 2500

Ramee va Boesman. 1977 25 17n 2500Tanaka va Sakanishi. 1978 I 28 16/8 500

Phin Tang Quan LuiE an PTs. Khoa. hC?C

f. AOOhlfoog cua hc;ipeha't hifu cd phuc t~p.

. Anh hu'ang cua nu'de dli'a:

Nu'dc dU'athem vao moi tntCJngvdi lu'Qng thich hQp se kich thich srf

phat tri~n cua ch6i bell cling nhu' srf hlnh thanh cay con (Urata va Iwanaga

1965; Scully, 1966; Tanaka va Sakanishi, 1978 [63, 53, 57].

Ho~t tmh cua nu'dc dU'akhac BAP, tuy limen c6 th~ thay the' du'Qc

BAP. Van Overbeek va CSV, 1941 cho thffy nu'dc dU'akich thich srf phan

cilia te' bao cua mo cay Ca dQcdu'Qc(Datura solanaceae) trongmoi tntong". K'

nuO! cay.

Theo Vli van V~ va CSV, 1993 [13], trong nu'dc dU'akha giau cac

hQp chfft nitd d~ng khli' nhu' cac axit amin, ngoai ra trong nu'dc dU'acon

ehua cae hoemon sinh tntong nhu'xito..

Theo srfphan tich thanh ph§n dinh du'ongeua T<5chuc Y te'The'gidi

[66], tm trong nu'de dU'ae6 chua protein, cacbohydrat, canxi, sAt,va mQt s6

vitamin nhu' thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, axit ascorbic va du'dng.

Nhtja cua cay Bulo trAng(La seve de Bouleau blanche)cho vao moi

tntong nuoi effyse thich hqp eho srfphat tri~n cua ch6i (Pieper va Zimmer,

1974) [44].

. Anh hu'ang uc che' cua hQp chfft phenol do m~u v~t tie't fa trong moi

tntCJngnuoi c1y.

M~u v~t san khi c{{yvao moi tru'CJngse kich thich gia tang dang k~

ham lu'qng phenol, s11t<5nghqp cac hqp ch1t phenol nc1yn1t fO khi nuoi adiSu ki~n chiSu sang. Khi them PVP (PolyVinylPYfolidone) 10 mg/l thl

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Phin Tcfng Quan L11in i..!JPTs. Khoa h(}C

m~u c{{y giam tiSt phenol nhu'ng ngu'Qc l~i m~u v~t chSt nhi~u. Khi them

2gll than ho~t tinh till giam bdt sri tie"tphenol nhu'ng ngu'Qc l~i-hlnh nhu' n6

hlp ph~ chlt DHSTTV trong moi tru'<Jngnuoi c{{y(Tanaka va Sakanishi,

1978) [57].

5.3. Nuoi cry do~n hi.

Nuoi cify do~n la khoang Ix 1 cm trong moi tru'C1ngdinh du'ong

nhan 1~o eho phep 1~o nhffng ti~n ell tren do~n hi n~y. Nghien eU'un~y

du'qethIfe hi~n bdi Tanaka, 1975 [56]. SIt t~o ti~n ell con ph~ thuQc do~n

e:11ella la. Thu'C1ngdo~n eudi hi e6 kha Dang t~o protoeorms caD hdn. Moi

tru'Clngsrl'd~ng dS nuoi cify tlllch hQp la Knudson C.

5.4. Nuoi cry t~o khOi mo (eals).

Vi~c nuoi e{{ycac bQ ph~n dS t;,\o khdi mo~t it thanh cong tren

gidng Phalaenopsis. Richard 1., Smith va Hacken P., 1971 [46], da t~o

du'qc cay con bAng each gay nhffng ve"tthu'dng d mAt eh5i. Cac do;,\n cAt khi

du'qc khrl' trling va difltnuoi d moi tru'C1ngMS e6 pH 5,8 them ANA 2 mgll,

nnoi trong diSu ki~n ehiSu sang 2000 lux, quang kY 14 gio, k~t qua la khi

gay ve"tthu'dng bAngeach dam dQceh5i 111'dinh xudng gdc va c:112/3 eh5i

thl eho du'qe khoi mo, nhu'ng khong tai sinh thanh cay du'<;1c.

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Phan T6ng Quan Lu?a :in PTs. Khoa hr,x;

6. SOLU<1CNGmtN c-au NIlAN GI6NG v611NH IN-VIVO.

6.1. Srf phat tri&n eua dInh sinh tnfdng (j naeh la.

E>inhsinh tntong 0 nach la co mQt e1u true r1t d~c bi~t (Rotor, 1959)

[48] (Hlnh 2).

Khi nhfi'ng di~u ki~n khoi dftu eua slf ra boa du'Qexac dinh, ho~t dQng

cua dinh sinh tru'ong tren gia tang. Ngu'C1ita quail sat slf keo dai nhanh

chong eua phat boa. Dinh sinh tntong du'di tro lien bi lie ehe",slf lie eh~ nfty

la do hi~n tu'qngu'u the"ngQn.

Zimmer va Pieper, 1979 [68], vdi kY thu<%tTopping cAtbo dinh sinh

tru'ongngQnthl dinh sinh tntang du'dimdi phat triSn va tie'p theo do khi d(lt

cay a 27°C trong vang 2 flam to' 1 dinh sinh tru'dngnach co thS cho 5-7 eh6i

con, va khi d nhi~t dQ24°Cban ngay va 17°Cban dem se thuc d§y slf ra

hoa d cac cay b1t dinh n~y (Tr~n Thanh Van, 1974) [61].

5lf hlnh thanh nhfi'ngcay b1t dinh khi khong cAtbo dinh sinh tntong

ngQn co thS thlfc hi~n du'Qc khi xU'19 Morphactine (axit 9-hydroxyfluoro

carbon 9-N-butylester) tren dinh sinh tntdng cua ch6i nach (Koch,1974)

[93].

6.2. Slj phat tri~n eua mdm ngti tren phat boa.

Kich thich slf phat triSn cua nhfi'ngmftm ngu tren phat boa du'Qcthlfc

hi~n Iftn dftu lien 0 BresiL1952, khi dilng feU nUGc(Sphaignes) baa quanh

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Phdn rdng QUaD LujrJ i.IJPTs. Khoa hflC

vi tr! cae mAt dS gill' ~m dQ, mQt cay con ba't dinh du'qe phat triSn trong

trltCJnghqp nay.

Co nhi~u nhan t6 kiSm scat srf phat triSn cua nhtrng mam ngu baa

g5m nhit;t dQ,quang kYva neh thich t5 thlfe v~t..,.

6.2.1. Anh hu'cmgeua nhi~t de)va thai gian chie'u sang.

De Vries, 1953 nghien CITusrf earn ung t~o keikis bdi nhit;t dQ.

Nghien CITud Bogor (Indonesia) cho tha'y rhng, d di~u kit;n kill h~u cua

vung (29°C-34°C ban ngay va 24°C-25°C ban dem), till cay P. schilleriana

cho ra cae can boa va d tr~ng thai dinh du'ong, sail do hlnh thanh nhUng r~

ba't dinh. Trong khi do tren cling gi5ng nay khi nuoi tr5ng d Tjikobo (26°C

-32°C ban ngay va 18°C-20°C ban dem), chung se cho ra phat boa. Do do,

nhit;t dQ la mQt trong nhffng di~u kit;n giup eho slf phat triSn cua nhffng

mam ngu teen phat boa.

Thai gian chi6u sang trong ngay cfing dong mQtvai tra d~e bit;t quail

trQng. Khi d~t cay d ngay ngAn va nhit;t dQ 18°C cay Sehilleriana hlnh

thanh phat boa maio

6.2.2.Anh huang cua cha:i DHSTIV ngo~ sinh.

Horich, 1966; Tews, 1974 [92, 95], l~p l~i thi nghit;m cua Shara,

1938 bhng cach dung feu nu'dc bQcxung quanh vi tri mam ngu r5i sau do

dung bQc nylon buQc mit;ng l~i va tiem vao do cha't BHSTTV khac nhau,

phu'dng phap nay ra't it hit;u qua. Hit;U qua hdn la khi dung We ti6p

phytohocmon du'di d~ng dung dich t~m ten m:1m ngu cua phat boa

(Zimmer va Pieper, 1979) [68].

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Phin Tdng Quan Lu?n an PTs. Khoa h{X

Carpenter va Carlson, 1971 [18], khi su d"Qngadenin tren cay Xu'dng

kho (Euphorbia pu1cheriana) dfftha"ychung t~o nhanh rndi.

Parup, 1971 [43], su d"Qngadenin du'di d~ng kern thoa tren cae rnftrn

a cay hang cfing cho ke't qua t5t.

Vi~c su d"Qngrnorphactin ho~c axit trans cinamic d~ t~o keikis tren

ph:it boa cfing cho ke't qua kha quail.

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