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1 John Curley

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2 The opportunity 1) Cost Shift to lightweight architecture Increased heat loading within buildings Planning issues and outside space Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) Energy usage & costs Servicing and maintenance regimes Lifespan Building Regulations (ventilation & thermal comfort) Environmentally damaging coolants Productivity, SAD and Legionnaires Carbon Reduction Commitments (CRC) 2) Environment 3) Practical

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3 The opportunity Requirement for low energy cooling Thermal comfort Ventilation Zero / low carbon / low energy The Carbon Trust has identified innovation in cooling and heating as key to meeting national emission targets Existing solutions add to the problem Energy usage Coolants Heat island effect External noise

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4 Phase change material (PCM) A phase-change material (PCM) is a substance which melts and solidifies at a certain temperature and in doing so is capable of storing or releasing large amounts of energy. Initially, PCMs behave like sensible heat storage materials (SHS); their temperature rises as they absorb heat. Unlike conventional SHS, however, when PCMs reach the temperature at which they change phase they absorb large amounts of heat at an almost constant temperature. The PCM continues to absorb heat without a significant rise in temperature until all the material is transformed to the liquid phase. When the ambient temperature around the liquid material falls, the PCM solidifies, releasing its stored latent heat. MELTING / FREEZING WATER ICE

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5 Passive thermal mass products

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6 Thermal battery heat exchanger plates Stable and rugged casing - survives drop test from 3m height Excellent heat transfer from medium to PCM through aluminium casing Leak proof, 100% test of panels to ensure pressure tightness Anti-corrosion coating inside and outside Non-flammable Maximal use of available volume and automatic volume adaptation to PCM expansion PCM is tested to the German RAL standard 10,000 cycles which equates to 27 years assuming 1 cycle a day

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Low energy ventilation and cooling

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Key features above ceiling fitting Thermal Battery Module Air Handling Unit Recirculation Duct Duct

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Thermal Battery Module Air Handling Unit Diffuser Key features below ceiling fitting Recirculation Grille Duct

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How it works External Air Re-circulated Air PCM Heat Exchanger Direct Ventilation

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Cooling External Air Re-circulated Air PCM Heat Exchanger Direct Ventilation

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Heat Harvesting External Air Re-circulated Air PCM Heat Exchanger Direct Ventilation

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Performance criteria Per Cool Phase Unit: Normal ventilation rate 100 to 250 l/s Maximum ventilation rate - 350 l/s Total thermal energy storage - 8 KWhrs Typical cooling in 24 hour period >16 KWhrs Night time cooling (building + flush) Free cooling (ventilation) Thermal batteries (energy stored) Total Cooling

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Performance criteria

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Controls BMS Interface: Single digital on/off input to enable/disable system from BMS or Fire Alarm circuit. Single digital on/off output to be used in one of the following modes: Heating The system will signal to the BMS to turn on heating when temperatures fall below a preset level. Cooling The system will signal to the BMS to turn on a secondary cooling system when temperatures rise above a preset level. Fault The COOL-PHASE system will signal to the BMS when there is a fault in the system. Controls and user interface: Wall mounted controls with room temperature, humidity and CO2 sensors. Master / slave mode to control multiple units in a single zone.

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Specific fan power & efficiency ESEER: The European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ESEER) is the ratio of the electrical energy consumed to cooling energy produced over the complete cooling season. For COOL PHASE this has been calculated for cooling provided by the Thermal Batteries and excludes the cooling effects of ventilation and night cooling. Note: Ventilation and specific fan power calculated for air passing through Thermal Battery heat exchanger, direct ventilation values will be slightly better. EER 25 EER 50 EER 75 EER 100 ESEER Daytime ventilation and cooling (discharge only) 13.414.216.417.315.1 Combined night and day cycle (charging & discharging) 67.67.58.17.3

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18 IES modelling

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19 Running Costs Estimated Running Costs for Cool-phase SeasonModePower (W)HoursTotal (Wh)in kWh WinterLow Running192380.038 High Running4673220.322 Charge8743480.348 0.708 SpringLow Running1981520.152 High Running3582800.28 Charge8743480.348 0.78 SummerLow Running194760.076 High Running4694140.414 Charge8786960.696 1.186 AutumnLow Running1981520.152 High Running3582800.28 Charge8732610.261 0.693 SeasonNumber of daysDaily kWhTotal kWh Winter700.70849.56 Spring750.7858.5 Summer701.18683.02 Autumn750.69351.975 243.055 Price kWh 0.1126.74

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Workspace case study Workspace PLC: ~ 125 properties within M25 ~ 700,000 m2 rentable floor space Serviced offices and light industrial units Secondary locations 70m turnover (2009)

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Workspace case study Performance Number of working hours where the temperature exceed 25C, 26C and 28C for the room with Cool Phase and an identical control room COOL PHASECONTROL ROOM E1 Business Centre, Whitechapel

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Workspace case study Comparison to targets BUILDING REGULATIONS COOL PHASE CONTROL ROOM Average Max TempAverage Temp Control Office27.2 C25.4C Cool Phase - Office22.7 C21.7C

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23 Case Study - Notre Dame Location: Southwark, London Client: Notre Dame RC Girls School Type: Secondary Girls School 11-16 Notre Dame School, Southwark

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24 Notre Dame

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25 Notre Dame Control Rooms IT Classroom Interactive white board 30 PCs for students Ventilation through windows Wall mounted Split AC unit Geography Classroom Interactive white board Next to room with Cool Phase Ventilation through windows No AC units

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26 Notre Dame - Results

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27 Notre Dame - Results

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28 Notre Dame - Results www.monodraught.com

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29 Notre Dame - Results Average temp and Co2 levels for the Summer Term: Percentage of hours where the temp and Co2 levels exceed the stated value: Avg Max Temp (C) Avg Temp (C) Avg Max Co2 (ppm) Avg Co2 (ppm) Temp >25C Temp >28C Co2 >1000 ppm Co2 >1500 ppm Co2 >2000 ppm Control IT Classroom 27.825.717291265 Control IT Classroom 69.8%6.1%58.2%44.0%31.7% Control Geography Classroom 26.125.21497953 Control Geography Classroom 59.0%2.3%39.5%14.9%6.4% Coolphase IT Classroom 22.721.51018628 Coolphase IT Classroom 2.3%0.0%5.0%2.2%1.3% Control IT Classroom The temp gradient with AC system on was relatively high at 2-3c. Results not representative of area directly in air path of AC system. AC system turned on & off due to complaints from closest occupants. No ventilation with AC so windows opened during Summer contributed to higher temps.

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30 Thank you and questions.