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Grids and Web 2.0 supporting eScience

STEM Scholars SeminarIndiana University Memorial Union

August 1 2007Geoffrey Fox

Computer Science, Informatics, PhysicsPervasive Technology Laboratories

Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401

gcf@indiana.eduhttp://www.infomall.org

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Community Grids LaboratoryTechnology Expertise

Web Service and Web 2.0 technologies for large scale distributed systems -- largely to support science• Web Services: Integrate ideas in Enterprise Software into

science

• Web 2.0: Integrate ideas in Flickr Connotea Slideshare Scribd and YouTabe into science

Geographical Information Systems (e.g. Google Maps) Streaming Sensor data (including audio-video streams) Portals (User Interfaces) Parallel computing to make computers fast Technologies built as part of applications

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Community Grids Laboratory Projects Funded by NSF NASA NIH DoE and DoD Cheminformatics – High Throughput Screening data and

filtering; PubChem PubMed including document analysis Interactive Particle Physics Data Analysis Earthquake Science predicting earthquakes using simulations

and satellite and GPS global positioning system Sensor Grid eSports collaboration for real time trainers and sportsman with

HPER IU School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. Ice Sheet Dynamics – melting of Glaciers Navajo Nation Grid Education (Science Gateways) and

Healthcare• Web 2.0 tutorial and distance education course spring 2007

Architecture of Air Force Sensor and Decision support systems

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Why Cyberinfrastructure Useful Supports distributed science – data, people, computers Exploits Internet technology (Web2.0) adding (via Grid

technology) management, security, supercomputers etc. It has two aspects: parallel – low latency (microseconds)

between nodes and distributed – highish latency (milliseconds) between nodes

Parallel needed to get high performance on individual 3D simulations, data analysis etc.; must decompose problem

Distributed aspect integrates already distinct components Cyberinfrastructure is in general a distributed collection of

parallel systems Cyberinfrastructure is made of services (usually Web services)

that are “just” programs or data sources packaged for distributed access

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e-moreorlessanything and Cyberinfrastructure

‘e-Science is about global collaboration in key areas of science, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’ from its inventor John Taylor Director General of Research Councils UK, Office of Science and Technology

e-Science is about developing tools and technologies that allow scientists to do ‘faster, better or different’ research

Similarly e-Business captures an emerging view of corporations as dynamic virtual organizations linking employees, customers and stakeholders across the world. • The growing use of outsourcing is one example

The Grid or Web 2.0 (Enterprise 2.0) provides the information technology e-infrastructure for e-moreorlessanything.

A deluge of data of unprecedented and inevitable size must be managed and understood.

People (see Web 2.0), computers, data and instruments must be linked.

On demand assignment of experts, computers, networks and storage resources must be supported

TeraGrid: Integrating NSF Cyberinfrastructure

TeraGrid is a facility that integrates computational, information, and analysis resources at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the Texas Advanced Computing Center, the University of Chicago / Argonne National Laboratory, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Purdue University, Indiana University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research.Today 250 Teraflop; tomorrow a petaflop; Indiana 20 teraflop today becoming 30 teraflop

SDSCTACC

UC/ANL

NCSA

ORNL

PU

IU

PSCNCAR

Caltech

USC-ISI

UtahIowa

Cornell

Buffalo

UNC-RENCI

Wisc

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Virtual Observatory Astronomy GridIntegrate Experiments

Radio Far-Infrared Visible

Visible + X-ray

Dust Map

Galaxy Density Map

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Grid Capabilities for Science Open technologies for any large scale distributed system that is adopted by

industry, many sciences and many countries (including UK, EU, USA, Asia)• Security, Reliability, Management and state standards

Service and messaging specifications User interfaces via portals and portlets virtualizing to desktops, email,

PDA’s etc.• ~20 TeraGrid Science Gateways (their name for portals)• OGCE Portal technology effort led by Indiana

Uniform approach to access distributed (super)computers supporting single (large) jobs and spawning lots of related jobs

Data and meta-data architecture supporting real-time and archives as well as federation• Links to Semantic web and annotation

Grid (Web service) workflow with standards and several successful instantiations (such as Taverna and MyLead)

Many Earth science grids including ESG (DoE), GEON, LEAD, SCEC, SERVO; LTER and NEON for Environment• http://www.nsf.gov/od/oci/ci-v7.pdf

Old and New (Web 2.0) Community Tools e-mail and list-serves are oldest and best used Kazaa, Instant Messengers, Skype, Napster, BitTorrent for P2P

Collaboration – text, audio-video conferencing, files del.icio.us, Connotea, Citeulike, Bibsonomy, Biolicious manage

shared bookmarks MySpace, YouTube, Bebo, Hotornot, Facebook, or similar sites

allow you to create (upload) community resources and share them; Friendster, LinkedIn create networks• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites

Writely, Wikis and Blogs are powerful specialized shared document systems

ConferenceXP and WebEx share general applications Google Scholar tells you who has cited your papers while

publisher sites tell you about co-authors• Windows Live Academic Search has similar goals

Note sharing resources creates (implicit) communities• Social network tools study graphs to both define communities

and extract their properties

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“Best Web 2.0 Sites” -- 2006 Extracted from http://web2.wsj2.com/ Social Networking

Start Pages

Social Bookmarking

Peer Production News

Social Media Sharing

Online Storage (Computing)

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Web 2.0 Systems are Portals, Services, Resources Captures the incredible development of interactive

Web sites enabling people to create and collaborate

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Mashups v Workflow? Mashup Tools are reviewed at http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=63 Workflow Tools are reviewed by Gannon and Fox

http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/Workflow-overview.pdf Both include

scripting in PHP, Python, sh etc. as both implement distributed programming at level of services

Mashups use all types of service interfaces and do not have the potential robustness (security) of Grid service approach

Typically “pure” HTTP (REST)

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Grid Workflow Datamining in Earth Science Work with Scripps Institute Grid services controlled by workflow process real time

data from ~70 GPS Sensors in Southern California

Streaming DataSupport

TransformationsData Checking

Hidden MarkovDatamining (JPL)

Display (GIS)

NASA GPS

Earthquake

Real Time

Archival

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Web 2.0 uses all types of Services Here a Gadget Mashup uses a 3 service workflow with

a JavaScript Gadget Client

Web 2.0 APIs

http://www.programmableweb.com/apis has (May 14 2007) 431 Web 2.0 APIs with GoogleMaps the most often used in Mashups

This site acts as a “UDDI” for Web 2.0

The List of Web 2.0 API’s Each site has API and

its features Divided into broad

categories Only a few used a lot

(42 API’s used in more than 10 mashups)

RSS feed of new APIs Amazon S3 growing

in popularity

4 more Mashups each day For a total of 1906

April 17 2007 (4.0 a day over last month)

Note ClearForest runs Semantic Web Services Mashup competitions (not workflow competitions)

Some Mashup types: aggregators, search aggregators, visualizers, mobile, maps, gamesGrowing number of commercial Mashup Tools

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Mash Planet

Web 2.0 Architecture

http://www.imagine-it.org/mashplanetDisplay too large to be a Gadget

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Searched on Transit/TransportationSearched on Transit/Transportation

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Now to Portals2121

Grid-style portal as used in Earthquake GridThe Portal is built from portlets

– providing user interface fragments for each service that are composed into the full interface – uses OGCE technology as does planetary science VLAB portal with University of Minnesota

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Portlets v. Google Gadgets Portals for Grid Systems are built using portlets with

software like GridSphere integrating these on the server-side into a single web-page

Google (at least) offers the Google sidebar and Google home page which support Web 2.0 services and do not use a server side aggregator

Google is more user friendly! The many Web 2.0 competitions is an interesting model

for promoting development in the world-wide distributed collection of Web 2.0 developers

I guess Web 2.0 model will win!

Note the many competitions powering Web 2.0 Mashup Development

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Building Distributed Systems or Cyberinfrastructure for Science

One use Web 2.0 which is more intuitive and has lower barrier to entry• Typically uses PHP

Or Web Service technology which is more powerful (e.g. for security) but has a high learning and infrastructure overhead• Typically uses Java

One can use Grid resources like TeraGrid and/or Web 2.0 capabilities like MySpace, Google Maps We try to use best of both worlds!

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Workflows - Taverna (taverna.sourceforge.net)

Michel Della Negra/Opening Session/18 September 2006 27

Closing CMS for the first time (July)

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Higgs diphoton Analysis using Rootlets

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Ice Sheet Dynamics

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My Tags Menu Opened up. My Account also opens up to show account and profile information

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Add To CITeam button opens new window

Clicking the Add To CITeam button opens up this box to add information about this page (tags, description, etc), which will be added to our database and to Connotea