1 going to the context

Bringing you Back to the Context

Question No 1What is Bugging You in the Discussions

Yesterday In Relation to being the “CONVERGER”?

Topic 2: What Are Your Types of APP Convergence Projects

NCI-IEM Governance Frameworks

ES GuiangOctober 2012

The GOVERNANCE of ENR and the Lands of the Public Domains and

Ancestral Lands are:

Controls (policies, rules, and regulations) that are in:

a) Statutory issuances (legal) under the Constitution, laws, orders, PDs, PPs, DAOs, etc; and

b)Customary laws (traditions) of communities

The GOVERNANCE of ENR and the Lands of the Public Domain and

Ancestral Lands are:

Controls that:• Define ENR Responsibility, Accountability, Authority

(RAAs) for ENRM and every hectare of lands of the public domains and ancestral lands; and

• Guide Choices, Decisions, Actions (CDAs) based on Transparent, Accountable, Participatory (TAP) principles in planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and financing land and ENR programs.

Lands of Public Domain

Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands, and national parks. (Constitution. Art. XII, Sec. 3)

ENR assets include the lands of the public domain. Who

owns them? Who is the “State”?

• All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated. (Art. XII, Sec. 2)

Sectoralized Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances

Policy and Regulatory Framework - Land Classification, Allocation, Uses

Protected Areas (National Park

• NIPAS

• Specific PA laws

• Wildlife Act

• International Commitments

• Energy Law• DENR-DAR-NCIP• EO on log ban in

natural forests

Agricultural (A&D)

Mineral LandsTimber or Forestlands

Mining Act

Small Scale Mining Act

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law

The Public Land Act

AFMA, Fisheries Code

• Revised Forestry Code • EO on CBFM • EO Sustainable Forest

Mgt• RA -Forest Charges• Energy reservation• JMCs – DENR & DILG• EO on log ban in natural

forests

DENR, DOE, NCIP

DA, LGUs, NCIP

Ancestral Lands and Domains

Cross Cutting Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances



• NIPAS


• Wildlife Act



natural forests

Agricultural (A&D)


Mining Act Small Scale

Mining Act


The Public Land Act


• Re vised Forestry Code • EO on CBFM • EO Sustainable Forest


forests

Cross Cutting Policies - EO 192 of DENR, IPRA Law, Climate Change Law, DRRM Law, EIA Law, ESWM Law, Biofuels and Renewable Energy

Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act

Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances



• NIPAS


• Wildlife Act



natural forests

Agricultural (A&D)


Mining Act



The Public Land Act




forests

Local Government Code of 1991

Governance of ENR and Lands of Public Domain: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Legislated Laws, and Administrative Issuances



• NIPAS


• Wildlife Act



natural forests

Agricultural (A&D)


Mining Act



The Public Land Act




forests

EO 192 of DENR, Climate Change Law, DRRM Law, EIA Law, ESWM Law, Biofuels and Renewable Energy Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act

In each IEM-NCI Site, the LGUs will have to use the governance framework of DENR, DA, and NCIP with respect to land and ENRM

Allocation and Unallocated lands of public domains and ancestral lands

Allocations of Lands of Public Domain

Governance-Designated Entity with Responsibility, Accountability, and Authority

% of 15+ million ha

1. Protected areas and reservations

DENR and Other Government Agencies (PAs and reservations)

26% (4+ million)

2. Allocations to civil and military reserves

Recipients of reservations (military, state universities, etc.

2%

3. Allocations to LGUs LGUs with co-management agreements, communal forests

Minimal

4 Allocations to community forestry & ancestral domains

Communities with tenure; IPs with CADTs, CADCs, claims

35 % (>5.5 million ha)

5. Allocations to the private sector

Private tenure holders in forest lands

10 % (> 1.5 million ha)

6. Unallocated forestlands (no tenure, open access)

None – (State as the “de-facto”) 19% (> 3 million ha)

7. Unclassified forestlands (and to be allocated)

None – (State as the “de-facto”) 8 % (> 1 million ha)

8. Agricultural lands (A&D) Title holders 14+ ,mil (47%)

Ecosystems Processes, Goods and Services

1. Provisioning - food, fiber, water, medicines, etc2. Regulating – climate extremes, water flow, pests and

diseases, prey/predator population, etc.3. Supporting – the conditions for life that facilitate

other ecosystems processes and services such as nutrient cycles, ecological balance, keeping thresholds levels, triggering evolution, detoxification, pollination, etc.

4. Providing cultural and spiritual benefits for spiritual enrichment, recreation, educational, research, etc.

Ecosystem Goods and Services Are Provided Across the R2R Watershed Landscapes

Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM): Basic Concept and Its Applications in National Convergence Initiatives (NCI)

ES GuiangOctober 2012

First Part: IEM Concept for NCI Areas

1. What is Ecosystems Management2. What are Ecosystems in Ridge to Reef

Watersheds and Landscapes3. Why we need Ecosystems Management4. Why Integration in Ecosystems Management5. What are the Benefits of IEM6. Who gets the Benefits from IEM7. What are the Costs in Doing IEM

Integrated Ecosystems Management in National Convergence Initiatives

(IEM-NCI)

3 BIG WORDS• Ecological systems or Ecosystems• Management• Integrated

An Ecological System or “Ecosystem”

Refers to a localized group of interdependent organisms together with the environment that they inhabit and depend on.

Adapted from Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved; Convention of Biological Diversity (1995).

Ecosystems are:

DOFI

Functional systems – because of complementation, cooperation, coordination, timeliness, predictability, cycles, order, and purpose,

yielding various beneficial ecological processes and services, that are generically called ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES

The units and organisms in the ecosystems are:

DOFI

Interdependent and interconnected of each other through various links -

o ridge to reef landscapes in a watershed, o food chain, o nutrient cycling, o water flowo socio-cultural useso economic activities

Organisms in ECOSYSTEMS are dynamically interacting propelling biodiversity and yielding all

kinds of ecosystem goods and services

Variety and Variability of Ecosystems, Species, and Genes

Functional, Stable, and Managed Ecosystems:

• Are more resilient or less vulnerable from the impacts of external and natural disasters such as erratic weather patterns and human interventions

• Can sustain the supply of economically-valuable ecosystems goods and services to different users

• Can evolve into more productive, diversified, useful, vibrant, and complex ecosystems

A Ridge to Reef Watershed-Dominated Landscapes in the Philippines

Manageable “Units of Ecosystems” in Watershed-Dominated Landscapes

1. Whole watershed like one of the 18 major river basins

2. A sub-watershed, cluster of sub-watersheds, or portion of sub-watershed

3. A delineated area of habitat in key biodiversity area (KBA) or an area within a KBA

4. A declared protected area (NIPAS) or a watershed

5. An ancestral domain (CADT/CADC) area6. An island or group of islands i.e. Camotes Islands7. A political unit coinciding with unique ecosystem

or landscape e.g. Lanao del Sur

The Management of Ecosystems or Ecosystem Management

A strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources

By employing conservation and sustainable uses and management practices: That are environmentally, socially, and economically

sound, and That generate and maintain equitable benefits for both

the present and future generations.

Source: CBD, 1995.

Ecosystems ManagementScience-Based – Employs scientific

methodologies that focus on levels of biological organizations, which encompasses essential structures, processes, functions, and interactions among organisms and their environment.

Recognizes humans, with their cultural diversity, as integral component of ecosystems

Source: CBD, 1995.

Ecosystems Management

Common DirectionDefined Tasks and Responsibilities,

Accountabilities, and Authority in Decision Making

Defined Relationships and Institutional Arrangements

Dealing with Unintended Results, Spill Overs, free riders, and “fall outs” - EXTERNALITIES

The IEM-NCI Approach – “Pursuing Common Vision through Individual & Collective

Strategic Actions” Improved land and ENR

management with reduced threats & resolved issues

Increased investments - public and private Sustained ecosystems goods &

services that support local economies

Capacities strengthened Sustainable financing

establishedReduced risks & damages from

CC-related disasters

TASK 1. Aligning and Regulating Proper Land Uses and Investments

Investments towards orderly urbanization, and in fisheries, crops, livestock, industries, ecotourism,

infrastructure, institutional and socio-cultural development, education and other economic

activities

Investments in Conservation, rehabilitation, agroforestry, low

impact ecotourism , high value crops, ENR-friendly infra and services

TASK 2. Strengthening Ecosystems and Communities Resiliency

by Reducing Threats and Promoting Adaptation • Internal dynamics within the

ecosystem itself i.e. competition, death, evolution, responses from disturbances

• Influences or impacts of natural processes – weather, climate, movements of elements, etc.

• Human interventions – all result to either positive or negative effects

TASK 3a. Regulating human disruptions of stable ecosystems to strengthen resiliencies

• Disrupting stable ecosystem functionings has either positive or negative net impacts:

On-site, off-siteUpstream, downstreamNow, Then

• Externality –An ENR use or intervention that results to not just what is “expected or planned for” but also to “unintended outcomes or consequences” which may have “negative or positive’ impacts on the ecosystem

TASK 3b. Regulating interventions that will affect ecosystems’ complexity, dynamism, interactions, sustainability, and

functioning processesIntervention On-Site Off-Site Net

ImpactSome Examples

Any of the following interventions will have ON- and OFF-SITE impacts:• Use of asset

or services• Investment &

ENR-based enterprises

• Restoration• Laws and

regulations• Management

0 0 0 Trekking & climbing

+ + + Perennial -based agro-forestry

0 + + Low impact harvesting

0 - - Spring-based resorts

- 0 - Fuelwood and charcoal

+ 0 + Reforestation

- - - Mining without ECC enforcement, road construction

- + + or - Irrigation with restriction of use rights for communities in poverty-stricken upland areas

+ - + or - CLUP or PA zoning regime

TASK 4. Optimizing the Comparative Advantage of Land and ENR Assets for

Socioeconomic Development Types of benefits from ENR– Cash and

Non-Cash, quantitative & qualitative, direct and indirect

Total ENR benefits – valuation of cash and non-cash benefits40-50% of net total benefits or costs

considered as private (benefits those who uses or manage the ecosystem) (Francisco, 2004) – issue of fees, taxation, or loss

40-50% of total benefits or costs considered as public (common good) (Francisco, 2004) –issue of free riders, penalties, taxation or fees

TASK 5a . Capturing SYNERGIES from Complementation of National

and Local Programs •Synergy from Coordinating and Directing Complementary Efforts :

“the working together of two or more people, organizations, or things that may result in a SUM that is greater than the sum of their individual effects or capabilities” (adapted from Encarta Encyclopedia)

TASK 5b. Capturing SYNERGISTIC RESULTS from Complementation of National and

Local Programs • Synergy from Public and

Private Investments that may:Propel movements towards Higher

Value ChainsGenerate higher farm-gate ProfitsSustain and enhance ENR assets

and their ecosystems servicesReduce risks and damages from

natural disastersDiversify and broaden the base of

ecosystem-dependent local economies

TASK 6. Integrating Multi-Sectoral Governance Frameworks In

Support of Local Socio-Economic Development

Strengthened Governance for Managing Ridge to Reef Watershed-Ecosystems

Through appropriate governance bodies to help:

Determine Non-Negotiables in a defined watershed-ecosystem

Align land uses in the uplands, lowlands, and dowsntream areas

Pinpoint and harmonize RAAs,

Guide individual and collective CDAs to achieve common objectives

Ensure sound ENRM to sustain ecosystem’s support for investments, livelihoods, enterprises, production, industries, urban, and coastal areas,

Help reduce poverty, and

Increase private investments.

TASK 7. Establishing Site-Specific IEM-NCI Good GOVERNANCE

Framework

Icon of Good Governance

Why does the Philippines need Ecosystem Management in its Integrated Form at the Watershed-Ecosystem and LGU

Levels?

A Single Unit of Watershed-ecosystem whose management is under various governance frameworks!

Why does the Philippines need IEM?1. Watershed-Dominated landscapes

with 267 areas degraded2. Need to reduce cost of almost 20

billion pesos spent on natural- and CC-related disasters

3. High economic dependence on supply of ecosystems goods and services

4. More than 60% of population in coastal communities

5. More than 20 million people in the uplands

The Need for IEM6. More than 1.5 million ha of agri

lands depend on watersheds7. Key ENR-based industries

depend on water for energy, irrigation, domestic, and recreation use

8. Increasing pollutants in various water bodies

9. Threatened highly diverse ecosystems and unique landscapes

The Benefits of IEM-NCI

• Sustained supply of ecosystems goods and services that benefit small farmers, fisher folks, private sector, industries, enterprises, etc.

• Reduced costs in rehabilitating and restoring damages from man- and natural-caused disasters

The Benefits of IEM-NCI

• Increased effectiveness, efficiency, and benefits from shared values between the public and private sectors in higher value chains because investments are based on:

Priorities, Strengths and opportunities Competitive advantages, Sustained supply of ecosystem services Participation of small producers, traders, and

processors

The Costs of Adopting IEM-NCI

Assessments, analyses, and developing a common IEM-NCI framework

Vertical and horizontal coordinationCapacity buildingImplementation support for strategic

programsDesign and conduct of M&E systemRefining and re-designing implementation

strategies

The Consequences of Not Adopting IEM-NCI Approach

1. Wastes of public resources because of fragmented and duplicatory programs in a watershed-ecosystem

2. Increasing public costs of ENR enforcement, rehabilitation, and restoration from more disasters

3. Loss of integrity and confidence in the effectiveness of governance system

4. Loss of ENR-sourced revenues in both the public and private sectors

5. Increasing poverty that may result from lower farm level productivity, less CC-resilient HHs, poor governance

6. Increasing loss of ENR assets

But, IEM – ABSTRACT & COMPLEX Concepts-

MUST avoid Two Things

Hence, IEM-NCI must be one of the “CRACKs” of Innovations

where lights can get in

"If you want to sit in the shade of a tree tomorrow, you have to water it today."

- Malian Proverb

Looking into Convergence Programs of Philippine Government

From Pres Cory Aquino to

Pres Noy Aquino

Convergence is the synchronization of the delivery of programs

and resources to priority areas and target groups.

Why?• Problems are multi-

dimensional, therefore, need multi-disciplinary approach.

• Facilitate sustainable development.

• Increase physical capital, create durable assets,

improved land productivity.

• Maximize the use of scarce resources through

complementation of resources and skills.

• Mitigate effect of climate change.

• Increase social capital, collective

planning and implementation.• Strengthen

democratic processes through people empowerment.

• Produce a result greater than all separate efforts (greater impact) the whole is more than the sum of its parts

(G e s t a l t).

• Meaningful collaboration is the best approach for

solving problems in the 21st century.

Efforts to alleviate Poverty especially in the Rural areas

(after the 1987 Constitution)

Kabisig People's Movement

Proclamation No. 650 - June 12, 1990

Pres. Corazon Cojuangco AquinoInstitutionalized Kabisig

Objectives:1. to institutionalize

participatory democracy

2. to use the collective strength of

the people for poverty alleviation

efforts

3. to prevent any attempt in the future in returning the country to a dictatorship

4. to give life to the provisions of the 1987 Constitution that enshrine the

idea of people empowerment. Section 15 & 17,

Article XIII

Kabisig slogan - "MAGTULUNGAN

TAYO" non-partisan, voluntary, multi-

sectoral.Minimum Basic Needs Approach (MBN) - 33

indicators

Social Reform Agenda (SRA)

Republic Act 8425, December 8, 1997

signed by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, said

program was crafted by the administration

of President Fidel Valdez Ramos.

"It is the policy of the state to adopt an area-

based, sectoral and focused intervention to

poverty alleviation wherein every poor

Filipino families shall be empowered to meet its minimum basic needs of

health, food and nutrition, etc."

Cuts across the different

development agenda of government for economic, social, ecological, and institutional.

Composite Strategies

1. Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) Approach- 33 indicators to ensure their basic needs are

met.

2. Convergence - ensures interface of National Government Agency (NGA), Local

Government Unit (LGU), and civil society in the

management of the programs/projects/activi

ties.

3. Community-based approach

empowering community members

4. Focused targeting - identifies target

beneficiaries

5. Social mobilization - steering various

sector to participate in the different

activities

6. Capability building - equips executives, implementors and

participants with the needed tools and

techniques

7. Enhancing financial

management finding other ways of

sourcing revenue to supplement the internal revenue

allotments

8.Installation of community-based

information systems for

community to access information

Comprehensive and Integrated

Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS)

by Department of Social Welfare and Development

(DSWD) as lead Agency (December

29, 1994)

Executive Order No. 443 dated

September 24, 1997 signed by Pres. Fidel

Valdez Ramos institutionalized the Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services

(CIDSS).

• Targets 100 poorest families in the Barangay

using the Minimum Basic Needs (MBN)

Approach Poverty Mapping

• Partner institutions were Department of

Health, Department of Education Culture and Sports (Department of

Education), Department of Labor and Employment,

Department of Interior and Local Government

and the Local Government Unit.

Lingap Para Sa Mahirap ProgramPres. Joseph Ejercito Estrada

Targeted 100 families in every province or city

with clusters of 20 - 25 families

identified from a barangay

• Initially a contradiction to Comprehensive and Integrated

Delivery of Social Services

(CIDSS)

• Target families were not

involved in prioritizing their needs top-down mode of service

delivery

• Lingap offers a package of services to

target beneficiaries through the different NGA's; CIDSS offers a

menu of projects which a CIDSS inter-agency body could

select from community

participation

• Lingap tolerated political

intervention in the selection of

target beneficiaries

Kalahi Program (Kapit-bisig Laban

sa Kahirapan)Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

5 Strategies1. Asset reform -

redistributing land and credit resources to the

poor based on government programs: e.g. Agrarian Reform,

protection of fisherfolks, Indigenous People's

Republic Act (IPRA), etc.

2. Human Development

Services access to basic service like education, health, nutrition, shelter,

water, sanitation and electrification.

3. Employment and livelihood - creating

job opportunities through agriculture and fisheries, apart

from micro-financing of small businesses.

4. Participation in governance of basic

sectors, participation in local government

structures.

5. Social protection and security against

violence - social safety nets, quick

response basic services, e.g. food

and emergency employment, etc.,

long term social security e.g.

Philippine Health.

Strategies of Kalahi1. Convergence

approach as propagated by the Social Reform

Agenda (SRA).2. Sustained the Minimum Basic Needs approach for focused

targeting of beneficiaries.

3. Expanded Social Reform Agenda (SRA) by adding asset reform and

social protection to basic services.

4. Structure - Inter-agency headed by these 4 agencies Commission on Urban Poor (PCUP), Department of Health (DOH), Department of

Interior and Local Government (DILG), and

Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD).

5. Patterned after Comprehensive and

Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS)

ARC - Department of Agrarian Reform

(1994)A poverty alleviation mechanism using the

holistic concept through the convergence of

service offers a spatial framework for micro-

regional development.

National Convergence Initiative (NCI)

Joint Memorandum Circular 01, Series of 1999 signed by the secretaries

of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Reform, and the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources duly approved

by the President.

Goal - To develop and operationalize a

common framework for Sustainable Rural

Development (SRD) that will facilitate the

convergence of the resources of the three agencies to maximize

the impact or countryside

development.

Complementation of agency initiative within a

defined area under a common intervention

strategy.A framework of

sustainable agriculture and rural development which integrates the

people, their economy and their environment.

Encourage active participation of the private sector, non-

government agencies, civil society

organizations the LGU's, academe and other government

agencies according to their interests.

2004 Joint Memorandum

Circular No. 01, Series of 2004

Reactivation of the NCI under new secretaries.

Specific pilot convergence zones were chosen.

2005 National Steering Committee

of National Convergence

Initiative (NCI) decided to expand

the scope of the NCI to nationwide

implementation.

Goal 1 MT PDP (2005 - 2010)

to develop 2 million hectares of new lands for agribusiness and

generate 2 million jobs strategies:

• sharing of expertise and information

• collaboration and complementation of

projects• realigning limited

resources • reconfiguring agency

activities to more focused interventions in identified project areas

PDP (2011 - 2016)Enhanced National

Convergence Initiative (ENCI)President Benigno

Simeon C. Aquino, III

•sustain the agribusiness investment

engagement that have been initiated

•address the weaknesses and gaps that were

experienced in the past

•lay-out clear mechanisms for

harmonization and complementation

among the 3 agencies

•address the conflicting and

overlapping policies among the 3

agencies which hamper the

implementation of programs and projects on the

ground

• clear financing scheme for

convergence initiative

• a more pro-active role for the Local

Government Units in identifying and implementing

convergence initiative at the local level

Implementation Principles of the

Convergence Strategy

1. The Department of Agriculture (DA),

Department of Agrarian Reform Convergence

initiative shall be treated as a complementation

strategy.

2. Emphasis on the primacy of the Local

Government Unit.

3. Adoption of the participatory approach

from planning, implementation and

monitoring and evaluation.

4. Complementation of resources and expertise

of the concerned agencies and Local Government Units.

5. Convergence shall be mainstreamed in all

programs, projects, and activities of the national agencies and concerned Local Government Units.

6. Funds for the Convergence Initiative shall form part of the

work and Financial Plan of each Department,

government unit involved.

7. Networking and linkaging with other government entities.

8. Enabling environment to encourage investment by the private sector.

House Bill 5582Reps Wilfredo Mark M. Enverga, et al

An Act Institutionalizing the Convergence Strategy for

Sustainable Rural Development, Providing the Supplementing Mechanisms,

therefore, and for other purposes same as the

Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (NCI).

Republic Act 7160 of 1991

Sec. 106, 107, and 108; Title Six defines the participation of non-

government organizations in the Local Development

Council.

Primacy of the Local Government Units in

national Development Efforts

– Legal Basis

Legal Bases for the participation of NGO’S and PO’s

Chapter 3, Article 1 of RA 7160

Intergovernmental Relations

Article One

National Governmental and Local Government

Units

Section 25b National agencies and

offices with project implementation functions shall coordinate with one another and with the local

government units concerned in the discharge of these

functions. They shall ensure the participation of local government units both in

the planning and implementation of said

national projects.

It shall be the duty of every national agency or government

owned or controlled corporation authorizing or involved in the planning,

implementation of any project that may cause pollution,

climatic change…to consult with the local government units, non-governmental

organizations and other sectors concerned the goals and

objectives of the project or program …

Rural Development/count

ryside Development

Pres. Benigno C. Aquino, IIIStrategy for Poverty

Reduction

(NEDA 2004)

48.8 % in the rural areas are poor

18.6 % in the urban areas are

poor

Philippine Daily Inquirer - July 15, 1998, pp. 1-20Latest data of NSO on

poverty

Richest 10 % of Filipino families - is the only sector that increased its share of the total income.

Long term Goals of Rural Development

1. Poverty reduction and sustainable rural development (SRD)

2. Equitable access to resources and increase

in rural incomes

What are theKey Words

Watershed and ecosystem management

approach the holistic, collaborative, multiple

use and sustainable management of all resources within an ecosystem area. the strategy used by the Enhanced National

Convergence Initiative (ENCI).

Ridge-to-reef strategy refers to the development approach to improve the lives of the rural poor by utilizing land from upland and forest areas, in middle and lowland areas, down to

the coastal areas, premised on the principle

that ecosystems are interdependent and that

interventions in one ecosystem affects other

ecosystems.

Upland and forest system refers to the

areas with at least 18 percent slope.

Ecosystem a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-

organism communities and their non-living

environment interacting as a functional unit.

Local Convergence Areas (LCA) based on

the framework defined through its

Comprehensive Areas Development Plan

(CADP) characterized by the presence of key communities with

potentials for connectivity in each

ecosystem.

Secondary growth forest refers to the longest and most

dynamic natural forest ecosystem in the

Philippines. It refers to areas which has been

disturbed in some way, naturally or unnaturally.

Watershed refers to a typographically

delineated area of land from which rainwater can drain as surface

run-off.

Enhanced National Convergence Initiative refers to the national convergence initiative strategy provided for under DA, DAR, DENR, and Joint Memorandum

Circular No. 01, Series of 2010.

Watershed and Ecosystem approach -

the convergence strategy that will be

used by the Enhanced National Convergence Initiative (ENCI). It is

the holistic, collaborative, multiple

use and sustainable management of all resources within a

watershed.

1. Perceived mechanism problems among the past efforts towards rural development using convergence or interface approach.

•Fragmentation of policies - silo

syndrome•Unclear roles of

participating sector•Participating arrangements

•Monitoring and evaluation

•Capability building

•Legal framework

•Sustainability•Policy framework•Fostering Alliance

•Governance

Most significant factors for success of

convergence or interface (Bautista, 1999)

1. Community preparation

2. Community mobilization

3. Commitment of the local executive

Problems and Issues (Bautista, 1999)

1. Convergence problem - problems

of coordination (compliance only

without real appreciation)

2. Community-based approach - community

organization was done only in specific

areas3. Focused Targeting -

MBN approach to target beneficiaries was used only in specific areas

4. Community-based Information System -

lack of competence by service workers to

analyze and interpret MBN results

5. Social Mobilization6. Financial support

2. How can these mechanisms be

enhanced or strengthened for

effective and efficient national

convergence initiatives for rural

development?

1 going to the context

Documents

clean air

local government

renewable

local government

national park

national convergence

clean water

climate change