1 gnssn workshop| nuclear regulation in switzerland hannes hänggi | bonn, 5 july 2011 swiss federal...

1 GNSSN Workshop| Nuclear Regulation in SwitzerlandHannes Hänggi | Bonn, 5 July 2011

Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI

Hannes HänggiSwiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate

Nuclear Regulation in Switzerland

Legal framework, future challenges, web-based information

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Switzerland: Country and State

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Electricity production in Switzerland

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NPP Type Year MWe Vendor

Beznau I PWR 1969 365 WestinghouseBeznau II PWR 1971 365 WestinghouseMühleberg BWR 1972 373 General ElectricGösgen PWR 1979 985 Siemens-KWULeibstadt BWR 1984 1165 General Electric

Nuclear Power Plants in Switzerland

Mühleberg

Gösgen

Beznau I & IILeibstadt



• Structurally, Switzerland has evolved into a federal state with 26 member states, known as cantons

• A significant number of rights is guaranteed to the people (“direct democracy”)

• The federal state has seven ministers, who act as the federal government

• The Parliament consist of two chambers: the National Council and the Council of States

• Any change to the Constitution must be submitted to a obligatory national vote (referendum)

• A minimum of 100,000 voters can request a facultative vote to change the Federal constitution

• A minimum of 50,000 voters can request a facultative vote to change an existing law


Federal Council

DETECEconomic

affairsFinance

DefenceCivil protection

Sport

Justice &Police

Homeaffairs

Foreignaffairs

Chancellery

Department of Environment

TransportEnergy

Communications

Institutional Framework


NSC ENSI Board

Executive Board

Federal Council

DETEC(SFOE)

Responsible for: - Executive management of ENSI - Reviews/decisions on nuclear safety and security- External representation

Responsible for: - Strategic objectives, organisation, budget- Supervision of management activities - Election of ENSI executive management

ENSI

Nuclear Safety Commission(advisory committee)

DETEC: Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and CommunicationsSFOE: Swiss Federal Office of Energy

Legal form • Body constituted under public law, own legal persona• Operationally independent; institutionally and financially independent since 1 January 2009

Responsible for: - DETEC: Construction and operation licences- SFOE: Other nuclear licences (transport,

trade, import, export) and safeguards

election

Institutional Framework


• Supervise reactor and radiation safety in Swiss nuclear installations:

• Nuclear Power Plants• Research and training reactors• Intermediate storage facilities

• Supervise the safety of transports of nuclear materials to and from nuclear installations

• Assess the safety of proposed solutions for the geological disposal of radioactive waste

• Approve safety-relevant changes to nuclear installations within the current licences

• Supervise safety of new NPP projects (3 applications, but plans cancelled by the Federal Council)

ENSI‘s Mission


Goal• Exchange of experience• Promoting the state of science and technology• Levelling up of international standards

International Organisations• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)• OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)

Organisations of National Authorities• WENRA, ENSREG, ENEF, NERS• Bilateral Commissions (CFS, DSK) and collaborations (NRC, others)

Principle• The relevant international safety requirements are reflected in the

Swiss nuclear safety regulation and implemented by the operators

International Cooperation


Staff• 140 employees • Professions:

physicists, mechanical/electrical/civil engineers, chemists, geologists, geophysicists, IT specialists, biologists, psychologists, etc.

Finance• Budget: 55 million Swiss Francs

• Funded from fees and regulatory charges paid by operators of nuclear facilities (covering 90-95% of budget); rest: Swiss Federation (mainly research)

ENSI: Staff and Finance


Without justification Acts, ordinances

Without justification ENSI guidelines

Without justificationDesignated standards

and requirements

With justificationStandards of international cooperation for harmonisation of safety approaches

With justification Research results

Extract from ENSI‘s management handbook, main process «Regulatory Basis»

Regulatory Basis


Textfeld

„Regulatory Pyramid“

Legal Framework


Nuclear Energy Act (2003, in force since 2005)• Regulates the peaceful use of nuclear energy • Applies to nuclear installations, nuclear goods and

radioactive waste

Radiological Protection Act (1991)• Regulates radiation protection in a general sense • Applies to all activities, installations, events and

situations that may involve an ionizing radiation hazard

ENSI Act (2007)• Establishes ENSI as an institution under public law with

its own legal personality

Legal Framework: Acts


• ENSI issues guidelines either in its capacity as a regulatory authority or based on a mandate in an ordinance.

• Guidelines are implementation support documents that formalize the implementaion of legal requirements, and facilitate uniformity of the implementation practise.

• ENSI may allow deviations from the guidelines in individual cases provided that the suggested solution guarantees at least an equivalent level of nuclear safety or security.

Legal Framework: Guidelines


On 25 May 2011 the Federal Council decided to exit nuclear energy.

Existing NPP’s should be decommissioned at the end of their lifespan and not be replaced by new NPP’s.

When will the lights be switched off?Criteria:

• The plant is not in compliance with the license

• The plant is not in compliance with the state of backfitting technology

• The plant is not backfitted anymore

Nuclear Power Phase-Out


ENSI’s web-based information:• Internet (Opensource Software TYPO3)• Intranet (HTML)• Management System (“Squirrel”)• Knowledge Management System

Basic information platforms for professionals and the public

“Openess and transparency” is an main goal defined by ENSI’s executive board


• Swiss Federal Office of Energy: www.bfe.admin.ch

• Swiss Government: www.admin.ch

• Swiss Legislation: www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/sr.html

• Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate: www.ensi.ch

• Nuclear Safety Commission: www.bfe.admin.ch/kns

• National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste: www.nagra.ch

• Operators: www.swissnuclear.ch

Useful Links


Hannes Hänggi

www.ensi.ch

Thank you for your attention!

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Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI

1 gnssn workshop| nuclear regulation in switzerland hannes hänggi | bonn, 5 july 2011 swiss federal...

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