1 future circular collider study michael benedikt dt training seminar 7 may 2015 future circular...
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1Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study
M. Benedikt, F. Zimmermanngratefully acknowledging input from
FCC global design study team
2Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
• Motivation & scope
• Parameters & challenges
• Study organization
• Summary
Outline
3Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
• European Strategy for Particle Physics 2013: “…to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project….., CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context,…with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high-energy frontier machines..…”
• US P5 recommendation 2014:”….A very high-energy proton-proton collider is the most powerful tool for direct discovery of new particles and interactions under any scenario of physics results that can be acquired in the P5 time window….”
• Goal: Conceptual Design Report by end 2018, in time for next European Strategy Update
FCC Study - Motivation and Goal
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Forming an international collaboration to study:
• pp-collider (FCC-hh) main emphasis, defining infrastructure requirements
• 80-100 km infrastructure in Geneva area
• e+e- collider (FCC-ee) as potential intermediate step
• p-e (FCC-he) option
~16 T 100 TeV pp in 100 km~20 T 100 TeV pp in 80 km
Future Circular Collider Study - SCOPE CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2018)
5Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
CepC/SppC study (CAS-IHEP), CepC CDR end of 2014, e+e- collisions ~2028; pp collisions ~2042
Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛)
50 km
70 km
easy access
300 km from Beijing
3 h by car
1 h by train
Yifang Wang
CepC, SppC
“Chinese Toscana”
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FCC-hh: 100 TeV pp collider as long-term goal defines infrastructure needs
FCC-ee: e+e- collider, potential intermediate stepFCC-he: integration aspects of pe collisions
Tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, linked to CERN accelerator complexSite-specific, requested by European strategy
Push key technologies in dedicated R&D programmes e.g.16 Tesla magnets for 100 TeV pp in 100 kmSRF technologies and RF power sources
Scope: Accelerator & Infrastructure
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Elaborate and document- Physics opportunities- Discovery potentials
Experiment concepts for hh, ee and heMachine Detector Interface studiesConcepts for worldwide data services
Overall cost modelCost scenarios for collider optionsIncluding infrastructure and injectorsImplementation and governance models
Scope: Physics & Experiments
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A. Ball, M. Mangano W. Riegler
Hadron ColliderPhysics &
Experiments
A. Blondel,J. Ellis, C. Grojean,
P. Janot
Lepton ColliderPhysics &
Experiments
M. Klein,O. Bruning
ep Physics, Experiment, IP
Integration
B. Goddard
Hadron Injectors
D. Schulte,M. Syphers
Hadron Collider
Y. Papaphilippou
Lepton Injectors
F. Zimmermann,J. Wenninger,U. Wienands
Lepton Collider
L. Bottura,E. Jensen, L. Tavian
Accelerator Technologies R&D
P. Lebrun,P. Collier
Infrastructures & Operation
P. Lebrun,F. Sonnemann
Costing &Planning
M. BenediktF. Zimmermann
Study Lead
JM. Jimenez
SpecialTechnologies
Further enlargement of coordination group and study teams with international partners
FCC Study Coordination Group
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FCC hadron collider motivation: pushing the energy frontier
The name of the game of a hadron collider is energy reach
Cf. LHC: factor 3.5-4 in radius, factor 2 in field
factor 7-8 in energy
𝐸∝𝐵𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒× 𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
Hadron collider: presently and for coming decades the only option for exploring energy scale at 10’s of TeV
10Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
FCC-hh baseline parameters
parameter FCC-hh LHC
energy 100 TeV c.m. 14 TeV c.m.
dipole field 16 T 8.33 T
# IP 2 main, +2 4
normalized emittance 2.2 mm 3.75 mmluminosity/IPmain 5 x 1034 cm-2s-1 1 x 1034 cm-2s-1
energy/beam 8.4 GJ 0.39 GJ
synchr. rad. 28.4 W/m/apert.
0.17 W/m/apert.
bunch spacing 25 ns (5 ns) 25 ns
Preliminary, subject to evolution (several luminosity scenarios)
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Preliminary layout (different sizes under investigation)
Collider ring design (lattice/hardware design)
Site studies
Injector studies
Machine detector interface
Input for lepton option
Iterations needed
Preliminary layout
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• 90 – 100 km fits geological situation well,
• LHC suitable as potential injector
Site study 93 km example
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• Increase critical current density• Obtain high quantities atrequired quality
• Material Processing• Reduce cost
• Develop 16T short models• Field quality and aperture• Optimum coil geometry• Manufacturing aspects• Cost optimisation
C o n d u c t o r R & D
Nb3Sn
M a g n e t D e s i g n
16 T
FCC-hh: Key Technology R&D - HFM
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only a quarter is shown
15-16 T: Nb-Ti & Nb3Sn 20 T: Nb-Ti & Nb3Sn & HTS
L. Rossi, E. Todesco, P. McIntyre“hybrid magnets”example block-coil layout
Key design issue: cost-optimized high-field dipole magnets
Arc magnet system will be the major cost factor for FCC-hh
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SC magnets for detectors
Need BL2 ~10 x ATLAS/CMS for 10% muon momentum resolution at 10-20 TeV. Solenoid: B=5T, Rin=5-6m, L=24m size is x2 CMS. Stored energy: ~ 50 GJ > 5000 m3 of Fe in return joke alternative: thin (twin) lower-B solenoid at larger R to capture return flux of main solenoid Forward dipole à la LHCb: B~10 Tm
Dipole
Field
F. Gianotti, H. Ten Kate
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• Stored beam energy: 8 GJ/beam (0.4 GJ LHC) = 16 GJ total equivalent to an Airbus A380 (560 t) at full speed (850 km/h)
Collimation, beam loss control, radiation effects: very important Injection/dumping/beam transfer: very critical operations Magnet/machine protection: to be considered early on
FCC-hh: some design challenges
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High synchrotron
radiation load (SR) of protons @ 50 TeV:
~30 W/m/beam (@16 T) 5 MW total in arcs (LHC <0.2W/m)
• Beam screen to capture SR and “protect” cold mass• Power mostly cooled at beam screen temperature;• Only minor part going to magnets at 2 – 4 K
→ Optimisation of temperature, space, vacuum, impedance, e-cloud, etc.
Synchrotron radiation/beam screen
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P. Lebrun, L. Tavian
contributions: beam screen (BS) & cold bore (BS heat radiation)
At 1.9 K cm optimum BS temperature range: 50-100 K; But impedance increases with temperature instabilities
40-60 K favoured by vacuum & impedance considerations
100 MW refrigerator power on cryo plant
Cryo power for cooling of SR heat
Contributions to cryo load: • beam screen (BS) & • cold bore (BS heat radiation)
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• Two parameter sets for two operation phases:
• Phase 1 (baseline): 5 x 1034 cm-2s-1 (peak),250 fb-1/year (averaged) 2500 fb-1 within 10 years (~HL LHC total luminosity)
• Phase 2 (ultimate): ~2.5 x 1035 cm-2s-1 (peak),1000 fb-1/year (averaged)
15,000 fb-1 within 15 years
• Yielding total luminosity O(20,000) fb-1 over ~25 years of operation
FCC-hh luminosity goals & phases
20Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
phase 1: b*=1.1 m, DQtot=0.01, tta=5 h
phase 2: b*=0.3 m, DQtot=0.03, tta=4 h
for both phases:
beam current 0.5 A unchanged!
total synchrotron radiation power ~5 MW.
radiation damping: t~1 h
luminosity evolution over 24 h
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integrated luminosity / day
phase 1: b*=1.1 m, DQtot=0.01, tta=5 h phase 2: b*=0.3 m, DQtot=0.03, tta=4 h
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• Name of the game here - luminosity: as many collisions as possible high beam current, small beam size.
• Energy reach of circular e+e- colliders is limited due to synchrotron radiation of charged particles on curved trajectory:
Lepton collider FCC-ee
DE ∝ (Ekin/m0)4/r
mprot = 2000 melectr
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Parameter FCC-ee LEP2
Energy/beam [GeV] 45 120 175 105
Bunches/beam 13000- 60000
500- 1400
51- 98 4
Beam current [mA] 1450 30 6.6 3
Luminosity/IP x 1034 cm-2s-1 21 - 280 5 - 11 1.5 - 2.6 0.0012
Energy loss/turn [GeV] 0.03 1.67 7.55 3.34
Synchrotron Power [MW] 100 22
RF Voltage [GV] 0.3-2.5 3.6-5.5 11 3.5
Dependency: crab-waiste vs. baseline optics and 2 vs. 4 IpsLarge number of bunches at Z and WW and H requires 2 rings.High luminosity means short beam lifetime (~ mins), requires continues injection.
Lepton collider FCC-ee parameters
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50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4001
10
100
1000
c.m. energy [GeV]
tota
l lu
min
osi
ty [1
03
4 c
m-2
s-1
]
Z W H tt
Baseline 2 IPBaseline 4 IP
Crab waist 2 IP
Crab waist 4 IP
FCC-ee luminosity vs energy
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FCC-ee: RF parameters and R&D
• Synchrotron radiation power: 50 MW per beam• Energy loss per turn: up to 7.5 GeV (at 175 GeV, t)• System dimension compared to LEP2:
• LEP2: 352 MHz, 3.5 GV voltage, 22 MW SR power (27 km)
• FCC-ee: 400 MHz, 12 GV voltage, 100 MW SR power (100 km)
• Main challenges: large variation of beam current• ~1 Ampere at Z working point, with very low energy loss
requiring only low RF voltage, impedance very important
• Very low beam current at top working point with large energy loss (6 – 7 GV/turn) requiring ~11 GV voltage.
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• Cavity R&D for large , high gradient, acceptable cryo power, operation at 4.5 K
• Multilayer additive manufacturing combining Cu and LTS materials
• High quality over large surfaces
• Push Klystrons far beyond 70% efficiency
• Increase power range ofsolid-state amplifiers
• High reliability for high multiplicity
Superconducting RF
BeyondNb
P o w e r C o n v e r s i o n
Efficiency
FCC-ee: Key Technology R&D - RF
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Beside the collider ring(s), a booster of the same size (same tunnel) must provide beams for top-up injection
• same RF voltage, but low power (~ MW)• top up frequency ~0.1 Hz• booster injection energy ~5-20 GeV• bypass around the experiments
injector complex for e+ and e- beams of 10-20 GeV• Super-KEKB injector ~ almost suitable
A. Blondel
FCC-ee top-up injector
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FCC-ee preliminary layout
C=100 km
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Constr. Physics LEP
Construction PhysicsProtoDesign LHC
Construction PhysicsDesign HL-LHC
PhysicsConstructionProtoDesign FCC
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
20 years
CERN Circular Colliders + FCC
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2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Explore options“weak interaction”
Report
Study plan, scope definition
FCC Week 2018 contents of CDR
CDR ready
FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline
conceptual study of baseline “strong interact.”
FCC Week 17 & ReviewCost model, LHC results study re-scoping?
Elaboration,consolidation
FCC Week 2016Progress review
Study time line towards CDR
31Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
CDR ready
FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline
conceptual study of baseline “strong interact.”
FCC Week 2016Progress review
• Converge on solid and agreed baseline scenarios• Launch technology R&D at international level• Assure coherence between study branches
Focus on Study-Phase 2
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• A consortium of partners based on a
Memorandum Of Understanding (MoU)
• Working together on a
best effort basis
• Self governed
• Incremental & open to
academia and industry
• Specific contributions
detailed in Addendum
The FCC Collaboration
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Collaboration Status• 53 institutes• 19 countries• EC participation
FCC Global Collaboration
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FCC Collaboration Status
53 collaboration members & CERN as host institute , 1 May 2015ALBA/CELLS, Spain
Ankara U., Turkey
U Bern, Switzerland
BINP, Russia
CASE (SUNY/BNL), USA
CBPF, Brazil
CEA Grenoble, France
CEA Saclay, France
CIEMAT, Spain
CNRS, France
Cockcroft Institute, UK
U Colima, Mexico
CSIC/IFIC, Spain
TU Darmstadt, Germany
DESY, Germany
TU Dresden, Germany
Duke U, USA
EPFL, Switzerland
GWNU, Korea
U Geneva, Switzerland
Goethe U Frankfurt, Germany
GSI, Germany
Hellenic Open U, Greece
HEPHY, Austria
U Houston, USA
IFJ PAN Krakow, Poland
INFN, Italy
INP Minsk, Belarus
U Iowa, USA
IPM, Iran
UC Irvine, USA
Istanbul Aydin U., Turkey
JAI/Oxford, UK
JINR Dubna, Russia
FZ Jülich, Germany
KAIST, Korea
KEK, Japan
KIAS, Korea
King’s College London, UK
KIT Karlsruhe, Germany
Korea U Sejong, Korea
MEPhI, Russia
MIT, USA
NBI, Denmark
Northern Illinois U., USA
NC PHEP Minsk, Belarus
U. Liverpool, UK
PSI, Switzerland
Sapienza/Roma, Italy
UC Santa Barbara, USA
U Silesia, Poland
TU Tampere, Finland
Wroclaw UT, Poland
35Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
• Core aspects of hadron collider design: arc & IR optics design, 16 T magnet program, cryogenic beam vacuum system
• Recognition of FCC Study by European Commission
EC contributes with funding to FCC-hh study
EuroCirCol EU Horizon 2020 Grant
First FCC WeekConference
Washington DC23-27 March 2015
http://cern.ch/fccw2015
++...
US; 35
CH/CERN; 29
DE; 6
CN; 5
UK; 5
IT; 3.5
FR; 3.1RU; 3.1
JP; 3ES; 1.8PL; 1.5 Other; 4
21 Countries128 Institutes220 presentations
37Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
• Freeze baselines parameters and concepts• Colliders, injectors and infrastructures
• Put Nb3Sn/16 T magnet program on solid feet
• Define and launch selected technology R&D
programmes
• Reinforce physics and detector simulations
• Pursue MDI and experiment studies
• Further enlarge the global FCC collaboration
• Launch EuroCirCol Design Study
Outlook 2015
38Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
• There are strongly rising activities in energy-frontier circular colliders worldwide.
• The FCC collaboration is hosted by CERN and will conduct an international study for the design of Future Circular Colliders (FCC).
• FCC presents many challenging R&D requirements in SC magnets, SRF and many other technical areas.
• Global collaboration in physics, experiments and accelerators and the use of all synergies is essential to move forward.
Conclusions
39Future Circular Collider StudyMichael BenediktDT Training Seminar 7 May 2015
FCC Week 2016
Rome, 11-15 April 2016