1 fall, 2013 instructor: j.-w. john cheng mech. engr. dept., nat ’ l chung cheng univ. interfacial...
TRANSCRIPT
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Fall, 2013
Instructor: J.-W. John ChengMech. Engr. Dept., Nat’l Chung Cheng Univ.
Interfacial Physics and Thin-Film Processing
Ch 1 Intro. to Flexible Electronics and Printing
Technology
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Outline
1.1 Prospects and Fabrication Challenge of Flexible Electronics
1.2 Overview of Printing Technologies Flexography, gravure printing, screen
printing Inkjet printing, micro-contact printing
References
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1.1 Prospect and Fabrication Challenge of Flexible
Electronics
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What Is Flexible Electronics?
Flexible electronics Electronics “can be bent, flexed*,
conformed or rolled without losing functionality”
Closely related names Organic electronics
Electronics made of organic materials, non-silicon
Printed electronics Electronics fabricated using printing method
* flex = bend repeatedly
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OE-A Roadmap for Organic and Printed Electronics Applications
Source: Organic and Printed Electronics, 4th ed., OE-A (Organic Electronics Association), 2011
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Applications – Flexible Displays
Samsung full-color flexible display 2011
http://www.tomshardware.com/news/flexible-amoled-oled-screen-folding,12929.html
Sony full-color flexible display 2007 (http://pinktentacle.com/2007/05/flexible-full-color-organic-el-display/)
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Applications – Flexible PhotovoltaicsOrganic solar bag by Neuber 2010 (http://www.energyharvestingjournal.com/articles/progress-with-flexible-photovoltaics-00002212.asp?sessionid=1)
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Applications – Flexible Lighting
Prototype OLED lamps by China’s Visionox (http://www.oled-info.com/oled-light)
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Applications – Flexible RFID
Flexible RFID by Kovio 2010 with inkjet printed nanosilicon transistors on stainless steel foil (http://www.printedelectronicsworld.com/articles/printed_rfid_in_2010_00001961.asp)
The bottom line• The bad news is that, highest volu
me RFID is all about tag cost, not multiple benefits from printing such as tightly rollable, invisible, stretchable or edible.
• The good news is that fully printed RFID can be one tenth or less of the cost of the conventional silicon chip based tag
# of proj on RFID
China: 267
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A Turning Point of Flexible Electronics
First commercial success – AMOLED AMOLED was adopted by Samsung
Galaxy series smart phones 4/2009 – Galaxy (3.2”, 320x480 pixel) 3/2010 – Galaxy S (4”, 480x800) 2/2011 – Galaxy S II (4.3”, 480x800) 5/2012 – Galaxy S III (4.8”, 1280x720) 4/2013 – Galaxy S IV (5”, 1920x1080)
Samsung became world leading smart phone providers in Q3, 2011
Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_i7500, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_S, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S_II, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S_III , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_S_IV, http://wallcapture.com/wallpaper/samsung-galaxy-s4-wallpaper.html
~58x58 m2/pixel
Samsung Galaxy S4
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Samsung 2011 Success Heralding Arrival of Flexible Electronics
From plenary speech of Prof. Karl Leo at LOPE-C 2012
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What Is Next and When?
Time
Roof top grid connected
Organic Backplane E-ink displayRFID , OTFT…
General lighting(flexible)technology
Rollable OLED TVs
From Prof. Karl Leo 2011
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Future Market Size of Flexible Electronics
依據 IdTechex 研究預測 2027年全球產值約 3,300億美元
比較重要產品市場為- 邏輯記憶體- OLED顯示器- 太陽能電池
Semiconductor industry revenue in 2012: USD $312.8 billionshttp://www.isuppli.com/Semiconductor-Value-Chain/News/Pages/Semiconductor-Industry-Revenue-to-Endure-Slow-Growth-in-2012.aspx
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Vacuum-Based vs. Printing-Based
Suitable for large-area roll-to-roll fabrication
Source: Nikkei Electronics Asia
Complex processes and equipment Inconvenient for large-area
fabrication
Simplified manufacturing processes and equipment
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Expectation of Printing-Based Fab
Expectation of Printing-Based Fab Comprising only coating and printing steps Reliable large-scale processing
*Vacuum deposition is not applicable to polymers; printing is the only possibility
[Kre2009] Krebs, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 93 (2009) 394–412
http://www.gm.dk/en/solar/, 20121025
“If large-scale processing proves to be problematic or impossible,
the concept of polymer solar cells would become a scientific curiosity ….”* [Kre2009]
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Challenge: < 10 m Resolution
Time
Roof top grid connected
Organic Backplane E-ink displayRFID , OTFT…
General lighting(flexible)technology
Rollable OLED TVs
From Prof. Karl Leo 2011
~5 m resolution
~20 m resolution
Resolution spec’s based on Galaxy S4 requirements• 58 x 58 m2/pixel, PenTile RGBG• guessing ~66% light outputPenTil
e RGBG
OLED subpixel
OTFT
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PenTile_matrix_family#PenTile_RGBG